JP3248081B2 - Automatic program creation device with automatic cutting axis change function - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic program creating device for a numerical control device for controlling a machine tool, and in particular, it is capable of cutting when machining data exceeding a movable range of a preselected cutting axis is input. The present invention relates to an automatic program creation device with an automatic change function of a cutting axis in a numerical controller, in which a cutting program is automatically changed to another cutting axis, a machining program for the changed cutting axis is output, and cutting control is performed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In an NC machine tool having a plurality of cutting axes, when cutting is performed on any of the X axis, Y axis, and XC axis, cutting by the XC axis, so-called polar coordinate type cutting, is performed. Since the workpiece is rotated by the C-axis to perform the cutting, there is no possibility that the cutting cannot be performed due to insufficient stroke of the cutting axis. However, in this case, two-axis control is performed, the calculation becomes complicated, and it takes a long time, and the processing accuracy is lower than the cutting by the one-axis control of the X axis or the Y axis. Therefore, the cutting that can be performed by one axis is performed by one axis. However, in this one-axis cutting, machining data exceeding the movable range of the selected cutting axis, that is, the stroke range of the cutting axis, may be input for the cutting axis selected in advance. For example, each drawing in FIG. 3 shows a case where a long elliptical groove 21 is cut in a work 20 having a circular end face, with an example where cutting positions are different from each other. , Solid lines 22, 23, and 24 are lines indicating the range in which the X-axis and Y-axis cutting axes can move for cutting, that is, the stroke limit, in one embodiment of the present invention, which will be described later. For example, a hatched portion surrounded by a line 22 of +50 mm and a line 23 of -50 mm to the left and right from the center line in the Y-axis direction, and a line 24 of -20 mm below the center line in the X-axis direction is a cutting axis. Stroke range. Generally, the stroke of the cutting axis upward, that is, the positive side of the X axis substantially reaches the mechanical limit position of the machine tool, and a situation in which cutting cannot be performed does not particularly occur.
This is the case also in the present embodiment.

[0003] As described above, there are cases where cutting exceeding the stroke range of a cutting axis selected in advance is designated. However, when the automatic program creating means creates a machining program based on parameters and machining shape data, the relationship between the machining shape and the stroke of the cutting axis, that is, the stroke of the selected cutting axis is At present, a machining program is created without any particular judgment as to whether or not cutting is possible in all areas. Therefore, in this case, regarding the relationship between the stroke of the cutting axis and the machining shape, the person in charge checks the created machining program list visually, or confirms the actual machine based on the machining program, that is, the output. The machining program is executed by the numerical controller, and the machine tool is actually operated to check the stroke of the cutting axis. Then, if there is a data input of a machining shape exceeding the stroke range of the cutting axis, the program is corrected and a finally executable machining program is created.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. When a machining program for performing a cutting process is created by an automatic program creating means, a cutting axis selected in advance is used. If the machining shape data that exceeds the stroke range of is input, the machining program changed to another cutting axis that can automatically cut is output and the created machining program list It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic program creation device with an automatic change function of a cutting axis in a numerical control device, which does not require a visual check operation or an actual machine check operation, and therefore does not require an operator to modify a program.

[0005]

According to the present invention, there is provided an automatic program creating apparatus for a numerical controller for controlling a machine tool having X, Y, Z and C cutting axes. Cutting axis selecting means for selecting which of the X axis, the Y axis, or the XC axis, which is control by the polar coordinate system, of the machine tool to perform cutting, and parameters as data for controlling the cutting axis And a parameter and data storage unit for storing machining data, and when either the X axis or the Y axis is selected by the cutting axis selecting unit, the X axis or the Y axis is determined based on the input machining data. A stroke amount for calculating the stroke amount at the time of cutting the shaft, and checking whether the stroke amount obtained by this calculation is within the movable range of the X-axis or the Y-axis. Performs click, below, and the stroke check means for performing the stroke check for new X-axis or Y-axis that is altered by the cutting axis changing means, which is selected by the cutting axis selection means X
When the stroke amount of the axis or the Y axis checked by the stroke checking means exceeds the movable range of the X axis or the Y axis, the selection by the cutting axis selecting means is performed on one of the X axis and the Y axis. To the other, and the stroke check unit performs a stroke check again on the changed cutting axis. If the checked stroke exceeds the movable range of the X-axis or the Y-axis, the XC-axis by the polar coordinates is used. Cutting axis changing means for changing the cutting axis, and determining which of the X axis, Y axis or XC axis to perform cutting based on the stroke check by the stroke checking means, Machining program editing means for creating a machining program, and And it is an arrangement and a control unit for performing a cutting control of the machine tool based on the machining program.

[0006]

The operation of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. First, when either the X axis or the Y axis is input and selected by the cutting axis selecting means 12 (see FIG. 1), the stroke checking means 6 sets the parameters and data stored in the parameter and data storing means 3. Is read out of the movable range of the axis, and a stroke check is performed to determine whether or not the stroke of the cutting axis can be cut over the entire area when cutting is actually performed based on this (step 2-
1). If the stroke is checked by the stroke checking means 6 and the cutting is possible without the stroke being over (step 2-2), the machining program editing means 4 creates a cutter path as a machining program (step 2-7). If it is determined that the stroke cannot be cut due to the stroke over by the stroke check by the stroke check means 6 (step 2-2), the cutting axis is changed from one of the X axis and the Y axis to the other by the cutting axis changing means 7 (step 2-2). 2-3) The stroke of the changed cutting axis is checked again by the stroke checking means 6 (step 2-4). If the stroke check does not indicate that the stroke is over (step 2-5), a machining path is created by the machining program editing means 4 (step 2-7). If the stroke is over, both the X and Y axes are cut. In this case, the program in the polar coordinate system, that is, the cutting by the X axis and the C axis is selected (step 2-).
6), a cutter path for the X axis and the C axis is created by the machining program editing means (step 2).
7). The control unit controls the cutting of the NC machine tool based on the cutter path created by the machining program editing means 4, that is, the machining program.

[0007]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an apparatus configuration of the present invention. In the drawing, A is a device configuration diagram of an automatic program creating device as the automatic program creating means for inputting data interactively and outputting a machining program for cutting, and B is the control for controlling cutting. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a numerical control device, which is a unit and controls an NC machine tool based on a machining program created by an automatic program creating device A. Among these, in the automatic program creation device A, 1 is a central processing unit (CPU ₁ ), and 1a is its main bus. 2 is a ROM as a system program memory for storing and storing a system program of a system in which data is input interactively; 3 is a parameter set for various kinds of automatic program creation means; A RAM for storing and storing data for machining including a range, a RAM as data storage means, and an interactive machining program editing means (4) for creating a machining program while interacting with a CRT screen as a display means ( Hereinafter referred to as a machining program editing means), 5
Reference numeral denotes a RAM as a work memory in which the machining program editing means 4 temporarily stores data as a work area for program editing. Reference numeral 6 denotes a stroke checking means, which is a keyboard 12 as cutting axis selecting means to be described later.
Thus, when any one of the X axis and the Y axis or the XC axis which is a polar coordinate is input for selection, the RA as the parameter and data storage means is selected.
A stroke amount at the time of cutting of the selected cutting axis is calculated based on the parameters and machining data stored in M3, and whether the stroke amount obtained by the calculation is within the movable range of the X axis or the Y axis. Perform a stroke check. Further, the same stroke check is performed on the X axis or the Y axis changed by the cutting axis changing unit described later. Numeral 7 is a cutting axis changing means for changing one of the X axis and the Y axis to the other when the stroke amount checked by the stroke checking means 6 exceeds the movable range of the cutting axis. When this change is made, the stroke check is performed again by the stroke check means 6. Numeral 8 is a program transfer means for performing transfer control when transferring the machining program edited by the machining program editing means 4 and temporarily stored in the work memory 5 to the numerical controller B. Reference numeral 9 denotes a data transfer interface for this purpose.

Next, in the numerical controller B as a control unit for cutting, reference numeral 10 denotes a central processing unit (CPU ₂ ), and reference numeral 10a denotes a main bus. Reference numeral 11 denotes a CRT as display means, and 11a denotes a control circuit of the CRT.
Reference numeral 12 denotes a keyboard as cutting axis selecting means and data input means. Reference numeral 13 denotes a ROM as a system program memory for storing and storing a system program of the numerical controller B, and 14 denotes a RAM as a memory for storing data such as various parameters necessary for the numerical controller.
It is. 15 is a servo motor for operating the cutting axis, 16
Is a servo amplifier, and 17 is an interpolation circuit for controlling the movement of the cutting axis. In FIG. 1, the X axis is shown, and the Z, Y, and C axes are omitted. 18
Is an NC machining program memory, which receives the machining program created by the automatic program creating device A via the interface 9 via the interface 19, and stores and stores it.

In the automatic program creating device having the function of automatically changing the cutting axis in the numerical control device configured as described above, first, the cutting axis is selected by input from the keyboard 12 as cutting axis selecting means. In this case, the subsequent processing differs depending on whether the X-axis or the Y-axis is selected and the case where the cutting in the polar coordinate format by the XC-axis is designated. That is, the cutting in the polar coordinate system by the XC axis can be performed in the entire machining range as described above. Therefore, if this designation is first made, the stroke check by the stroke check means can be performed without any change.
A cutter path, which is a machining program, is created by the machining program editing means 4 on the XC axis in the polar coordinate system. When the X axis or the Y axis is selected as the cutting axis, a stroke check is performed by the stroke checking means 6, and in some cases, the cutting axis is converted to create a cutter path as a machining program.

Hereinafter, the stroke check will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is partially described in the section of the prior art, but first, FIG. 3A shows an example in which an oblong groove 21 is cut in an end face of a work 20. In this embodiment, in the Y-axis direction, the line 22 +50 mm from the center line and -50 m
The line 23 of m is the stroke limit, and the line 24 of −20 mm below the center line in the X-axis direction is the stroke limit of the cutting axis. As described above, there is a stroke above the X-axis direction up to the mechanical limit position of the machine tool, and in general, cutting is not possible in this direction. As described above, in this example, the hatched portion shown in each figure of the end face of the work 20 is X
It is a region where the axis or the Y axis can be cut. Therefore,
In FIG. 3 (a), in the X-axis cutting, the stroke of the X-axis is over at the portion A and cutting is not possible, so if this is changed to Y-axis cutting as shown in FIG. 3 (b), cutting can be performed for all strokes. . In FIG. 3 (c), if the cutting by the Y axis is selected, the stroke will be over at the part b. Therefore, as shown in FIG. Become. In FIG. 3E, the stroke is over at the portion C in the cutting by the X axis, and the stroke is over at the portion D (see FIG. 3F) even if the cutting is changed to the cutting by the Y axis.
In other words, this is a case where it is impossible to perform cutting for all strokes by cutting with the X axis or cutting with the Y axis. In this case, it is necessary to perform cutting in the polar coordinate system by biaxial control of the XC axis.

Next, examples of relatively simple grooving with an end mill, ie, a center grooving example of the end face and an outer center grooving example of the end face (FIG. 4), a circumferential grooving example of the end face (FIG. 5), The processing procedure of the stroke check in each cutting of the end face chamfering example (FIG. 6) and the end face hole cutting example (FIG. 7) will be individually described based on the flowcharts of FIGS. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure for cutting the end face center groove and the end face center outer groove. In the figure, first, it is determined whether the cutting axis initially selected and set by the cutting axis selecting means 12 (keyboard, see FIG. 1) is the XC axis (step 4-1). In the case of cutting by the XC axis, cutting can be performed in the entire machining range as described above. Therefore, when the XC axis is selected first, the selection of the XC axis is determined without performing a stroke check (step 4). -2), a cutter path for the XC axis is created, and the process ends. The illustration of the work area for creating the cutter path is omitted in the flowchart.

If the first selection is not the XC axis, the process proceeds to step 4-3. In this embodiment, it is first determined whether or not the cutting axis is the X axis.
It may be determined whether or not an axis is selected. If the cutting axis is the X axis, a stroke amount is calculated for the X axis, and a stroke check is performed on the calculated stroke amount (step 4-4). 5) The X axis is selected (step 4-6), a cutter path is created for this X axis, and the process ends. If it is determined in step 4-5 that the stroke is over for the X axis, the cutting axis is changed to the Y axis (step 4-7), the stroke amount is calculated for the Y axis, and the stroke is checked for the calculated stroke amount. Is performed (step 4-8), and if the stroke is not over (step 4-9), the Y axis is selected.
A cutter path is created for this Y axis, and the process ends.
If the stroke is over in step 4-9, the cutting by the XC axis is selected (step 4-11) because neither the cutting by the X axis nor the cutting by the Y axis is possible in the entire stroke. The cutter path using the XC axis is created, and the process ends.

Returning to step 4-3, if the first selection is not the X axis, that is, if the selection is the Y axis, the stroke amount is calculated for this Y axis, and a stroke check is performed for the calculated stroke amount ( Step 4-1
2) If the stroke is not over (step 4)
-13) The Y axis is selected (step 4-14), and this Y axis is selected.
A cutter path is created for each axis and the process ends. If it is determined in step 4-13 that the stroke in the Y-axis cutting is over, the cutting axis is changed to the X-axis (step 4-15), and the stroke amount is calculated for this X-axis.
A stroke check is performed for the calculated stroke amount (step 4-16). If the stroke is not over, the X axis is selected (step 4-18).
A cutter path is created for each axis and the process ends. If the stroke is exceeded for the X axis (step 4
-17) Since the X-axis cutting and the Y-axis cutting cannot be performed in all strokes, cutting by the XC axis is selected (step 4-19), and a cutter path by the XC axis is created. It ends.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart in the case of cutting the circumferential groove in the end face. In the figure, since this cutting is to cut a circumferential groove, the X axis or Y
Since it is impossible to perform cutting with only one axis, it is first determined whether or not the selection is cutting with two axes of XY axes (step 5-1). If not, the C axis is selected (step 5-). 2), a cutter path is created for this C axis, and the process ends. If the selection is an XY axis (step 5-1),
A stroke amount is calculated for each of the XY axes, and a stroke check is performed for each of the calculated stroke amounts (step 5-3). If the stroke is not over (step 5-4), the XY axis is selected (step 5-5).
-5), a cutter path is created for the XY axes, and the process ends. If the stroke is over for the XY axes (step 5-4), the C axis is selected (step 5-6), a cutter path is created for this C axis, and the process ends.

FIG. 6 shows the case of cutting the end face. When the face is cut in the Y-axis direction as shown in FIG. 6, it is first determined whether or not the cutting axis is the Y-axis. Then, if it is not the Y axis (step 6-1), the XC axis is selected (step 6-2), and a cutter path for this XC axis is created, and the process ends. If the selection is on the Y axis (step 6-1), the stroke amount of the Y axis is calculated, and a stroke check is performed on the calculated stroke amount (step 6-3). Is selected (step 6-5), a cutter path is created for this Y axis, and the process ends. If the stroke of the Y axis is over (step 6-4), XC
An axis is selected (step 6-6), a cutter path for this XC axis is created, and the process ends.

FIG. 7 shows a case where the end face hole is cut. In this case, the movement of the cutting axis during the cutting is performed in the direction of cutting the hole.
That is, the stroke of the positioning axis is checked when the tool is moved to the cutting position and positioning is performed only in the Z-axis direction. First, the positioning to the cutting position is X
It is determined whether or not the operation is performed on the Y axis (step 7-).
1). If the positioning is not performed on the X axis and the Y axis, the positioning on the XC axis is selected (step 7-2), and a cutter path for positioning on the XC axis is created and the process ends. Positioning is X axis and Y
If the calculation is performed on the axis, first, a positioning stroke amount of the Y axis is calculated, and a stroke check is performed on the calculated stroke amount (step 7-3). This Y
If it is determined that the axis is over stroke (Step 7-
3) The XC axis is selected because positioning on the X and Y axes is impossible (step 7-4), and a cutter path for this XC axis is created and the process ends. If the Y-axis is not over the stroke, then the positioning stroke amount is calculated for the X-axis, and a stroke check is performed on the calculated stroke amount (step 7-5). Is selected (step 7-6), a cutter path for positioning based on the XY axes is created, and the process ends. If it is determined that the X-axis is over the stroke, the XY-axis is selected as a positioning axis at a position where the C-axis is rotated by 180 °, and a cutter path for positioning is created (step 7-7). That is, as described above, the stroke of the cutting shaft above the work generally reaches almost the mechanical limit position of the machine tool, and the situation where cutting is not possible does not generally occur. 180 for C axis
It may be rotated by degrees so that the X-axis positioning position is located above the work. As described above, the XY axes are selected as the positioning axes at the position where the C axis is rotated by 180 °, and a cutter path for positioning the XY axes is created, and the process ends.

As described above, the stroke checking means 6
When the machining program is created by the machining program editing means 4 after the stroke check (see FIG. 1), the machining program is stored in the RAM 5 serving as a working memory.
After being temporarily stored in CPU ₁ , under the control of CPU ₁ ,
The data is transmitted to the numerical controller B via the interface 9. Upon receiving the processing program, the numerical controller B receives the interface 19 under the control of the CPU _2.
The machining program is stored in the NC machining program memory 18 via the. When cutting with a machine tool,
When a cutting command is input from a keyboard 12 as data input means, the CPU ₂ executes an NC machining program memory 1 based on a system program stored in a ROM 13 and parameters stored in a RAM 14.
8 is sequentially read out, and according to the machining program, the servo motor 15 is controlled via the interpolation circuit 17 and the servo amplifier 16 to perform cutting. In this way, even when the cutting axis selected first cannot perform cutting in all strokes due to insufficient stroke, it is possible to automatically change to another cutting axis that can be cut and perform cutting. .

[0018]

As described above, when the machining program is created by the automatic program creating means, the stroke amount of the cutting axis is determined by the stroke checking means on the basis of various movable ranges and machining data which are input in advance. Is calculated, a stroke check is performed for the calculated stroke amount, and if the stroke is over, the machine is changed to another cutting axis that can be cut to create a machining program. Becomes an executable program,
It is possible to realize an automatic program creation device with a cutting axis automatic change function in a numerical control device that does not require visual confirmation work of a machining program list or actual machine confirmation work, and does not require operator's program correction work.
This contributes to a reduction in the number of man-hours during machining by the NC machine tool and a reduction in the working time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an apparatus configuration of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a stroke check.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a cutting axis selection processing procedure when cutting a center groove and an outer center groove of an end face;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a cutting axis selection processing procedure when cutting a circumferential groove in an end face;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a cutting axis selection processing procedure when cutting the end face is cut.

FIG. 7 is a processing procedure for selecting a positioning axis to be positioned when performing end face hole cutting.

[Description of Signs] 1. Central processing unit (CPU ₁ ) 2. Interactive system program memory (ROM) 3. Parameter and data storage means (RAM) 4. Processing program editing means 5. Working memory (RAM) 6. Stroke checking means 7. Cutting axis changing means 8. Program transfer means 9. Interface 10. Central processing unit (CPU ₂ ) 11. CRT 12. Keyboard (cutting axis selecting means) 13. System Program memory (ROM) 14. Parameter and data storage means (RAM) 15. Servo motor 16. Servo amplifier 17. Interpolator 18. NC machining program memory 19. Interface 20. Work

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G05B 19/4093 G05B 19/18 B23Q 15/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] An automatic program creating device for a numerical control device for controlling a machine tool having each of X, Y, Z, and C cutting axes, wherein the machine tool is controlled by an X axis, a Y axis, or a polar coordinate system. Cutting axis selecting means for selecting which of the XC axes to perform cutting, a parameter as data for controlling the cutting axis and a parameter and data storing means for storing machining data, and the cutting axis When either the X axis or the Y axis is selected by the selecting means, the stroke amount at the time of X axis or Y axis cutting is calculated based on the input machining data, and the stroke amount obtained by this calculation is obtained. A stroke check is performed to check whether the stroke amount is within the movable range of the X-axis or the Y-axis.
New X axis or Y changed by cutting axis changing means
A stroke check unit that performs the stroke check on the axis; and a stroke amount checked by the stroke check unit on the X axis or the Y axis selected by the cutting axis selection unit. If it exceeds the movable range, the selection by the cutting axis selecting means is changed from one of the X axis and the Y axis to the other, and the stroke is again checked by the stroke checking means for the changed cutting axis, and the checked cutting axis is checked. When the stroke amount exceeds the movable range of the X axis or the Y axis, a cutting axis changing unit that changes the cutting axis to the XC axis in polar coordinates, and an X axis and a Y axis based on the stroke check by the stroke checking unit. Or which of the XC axes is to be used for cutting. A machining program editing means for creating a machining program with the cutting axis set, and a control unit for performing cutting control of the machine tool based on the machining program created by the machining program editing means. Automatic program creation device with automatic change function.