JP3237562B2 - Fluorescent lamp - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fluorescent lamp replacing a high-pressure sodium lamp.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Discharge lamps utilizing a discharge phenomenon in an arc tube include a high-intensity discharge lamp and a fluorescent lamp. Among these discharge lamps, a high-intensity discharge lamp is large in size, has a high lamp efficiency, is bright, has a long life, and is economically excellent. For this reason, high-intensity discharge lamps are widely used as lighting for places where large brightness is required in large-scale spaces, that is, outdoor lighting and factory lighting. Furthermore, recently, high-intensity discharge lamps have been used variously as indoor lighting because of their high lamp efficiency, good color rendering, and miniaturization.

[0003] Among high-intensity discharge lamps having high lamp efficiency and good color rendering properties, there is a high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamp as a lamp in which the light color of the lamp enters a bulb color region. By increasing the sodium vapor pressure during operation, this lamp has a warm light color similar to an incandescent light bulb, and performs more vividly than ordinary incandescent light bulbs. The lamp was 3-9 times more economical. Therefore, it was particularly suitable for lighting mainly in commercial facilities where economics and appearance were important.

On the other hand, among discharge lamps, a fluorescent lamp is
Compared to other lamps, they are easy to use, have high lamp efficiency, have excellent color rendering properties, have a long life, and have abundant light colors, so they are widely used in a wide range of fields. Among these fluorescent lamps, recently, a three-wavelength band fluorescent lamp having high efficiency and high color rendering has been widely used. This three-wavelength range fluorescent lamp concentrates light in three wavelength ranges of about 450 nm blue, about 540 nm green, and about 610 nm red, which the human eye can easily perceive color, and color rendering without losing brightness. It is a fluorescent lamp with enhanced properties. By changing the energy in these three wavelength ranges, a three-wavelength range fluorescent lamp of various light colors is produced.

In particular, daylight-colored and daylight-white three-wavelength light-emitting fluorescent lamps, which are light colors similar to outdoor daylight, are often used for indoor lighting to produce a lively, vibrant and workable atmosphere. ing. On the other hand, since several years ago, light bulb colors that produce a spacious and warm atmosphere have also become important, and three-wavelength band fluorescent lamps of the bulb color have been used for indoor lighting. The three-wavelength emission fluorescent lamp having the light color of a light bulb has a light color similar to that of an incandescent light bulb and is expected to be used as a substitute for an incandescent light bulb because it is more efficient and economical than an incandescent light bulb. I have.

[0006] However, a three-wavelength band fluorescent lamp having a light bulb color has not been considered as a substitute for a high-chroma type high-pressure sodium lamp.

There are three main reasons for the characteristics of the fluorescent lamp. First, a three-wavelength band fluorescent lamp having a light bulb color has a particularly inferior red object color appearance compared to a high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamp.
Therefore, there is a problem that the three-wavelength region light emitting bulb color fluorescent lamp is clearly inferior to the gorgeous atmosphere obtained from the appearance of colors by the high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamp.

[0008] Second, there is a problem that there is no method for quantitatively evaluating the color rendering characteristics of a high chroma type high-pressure sodium lamp. Third, there was no high-luminance fluorescent lamp as a point light source. However, recently, compact fluorescent lamps having high brightness and reduced size have been developed. Therefore, the third problem is being solved.

Therefore, if there is a method for quantitatively evaluating the color rendering characteristics of the high chroma type high-pressure sodium lamp described in the second, the first problem can be solved by any means. In addition, fluorescent lamps have a high luminous efficiency of the phosphor, a long life, a ballast used for lighting is inexpensive and easy to use, and the color of light can be freely set only by changing the mixing ratio of the phosphor. It can be expected to have many advantages not found in high-pressure sodium lamps.

Regarding the color rendering property of the lamp, which is the second problem, there is currently a method for quantitatively evaluating the color rendering property of a light source, which is a "method for evaluating the fidelity of color appearance". This is a method for quantitatively evaluating how faithfully the target lamp reproduces the color compared to the reference light, and is currently specified in JIS Z 8726 "Method for evaluating the color rendering of light sources". It is represented by the numerical value of the average color rendering index Ra.
At present, fluorescent lamps are also being developed with the aim of improving the average color rendering index Ra and improving the brightness efficiency.

[0011] On the other hand, in addition to the evaluation of the fidelity of the appearance of color, research on a "method of evaluating the preference of the appearance of color" has recently been conducted. This method is a method for quantitatively evaluating whether the target lamp has a color shift when compared with the reference light, and whether the color shift is a shift in a preferable direction or a shift in an unfavorable direction. This evaluation of the favorable color appearance is one of the important color rendering characteristics of the light source, but a standardized method has not yet been determined and has been a subject for future research.

With respect to this evaluation method of the color appearance preference, attention is paid to the conspicuousness (conspicuous effect) based on the color rendering properties of the light source, and the object color is made vivid by the conspicuous index developed from the concept of the conspicuousness. Based on the results of many years of research, it has been revealed that the degree of showing can be evaluated (for example,
"Color Research and Application Part 1
Vol. 9, No. 3 "(Hashimoto et al .: Visual Clarity and Feeling o
f Contrast, Color Research and Application, 19, 3,
June, (1994)), Hashimoto et al .: Method of evaluating color rendering of light source based on conspicuousness, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan, 79, 11, (1995), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-1
No. 80248 (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-333919).

[0013] Based on the results, we have filed Japanese Patent Application No. 8-2.
As filed in Japanese Patent Application No. 08644, a fluorescent lamp has been produced for the purpose of making object colors such as fresh flowers and green leaves of leaves, which are important for the conspicuous effect of a light source, beautiful and preferable under general lighting environment.

By using this conspicuous index, the second
It has become possible to quantify the color rendering characteristics of the high-saturation type high-pressure sodium lamp, which was a problem of the above.

[0015]

In order to develop a fluorescent lamp that produces a gorgeous atmosphere obtained from the appearance of the object color of a high-saturation type high-pressure sodium lamp, the effect of the light source must be further improved. Regarding store lighting using high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamps, if the important objects such as food, fresh flowers, and green leaves of leaves have color characteristics that are almost equivalent to the appearance of high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamps, Since only important object colors can be effectively and vividly shown in order to create a colorful atmosphere, a gorgeous atmosphere can be created.

However, if a lamp is developed only for the purpose of making the color look vivid, there is a problem that the lamp efficiency is reduced.

Accordingly, it is necessary to determine the range of color characteristics of food, fresh flowers and green leaves of leaves, which are important objects with respect to the conspicuous effect of the light source, in a manner similar to the appearance of colors under the light of a high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamp. Is the most important issue.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is based on a prominent index M, which is uniquely developed, and has a high lamp efficiency and is substantially equivalent to the high-chroma type high-pressure sodium lamp which is the first problem mentioned above. An object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent lamp having equivalent color characteristics.

[0019]

A fluorescent lamp according to the present invention comprises:
The value of the conspicuous index M is 160 or more and 175 or less, the correlated color temperature of the light color is 2700 K or more and 3150 K or less, and the chromaticity point of the light color is the color from the blackbody locus on the CIE 1960 uv chromaticity diagram. Degree deviation is -0.005 or more +
The above object is achieved by being in the chromaticity range of 0.005 or less.

The fluorescent lamp has a peak wavelength of 400 n.
blue phosphor having a wavelength of m to 460 nm, green phosphor having a peak wavelength of 500 nm to 550 nm, red phosphor having a peak wavelength of 600 nm to 620 nm, and deep red fluorescence having a peak wavelength of 625 nm to 670 nm. It may be composed of a body.

The blue phosphor has a peak wavelength of 400 nm.
A divalent europium-activated blue phosphor having a wavelength of at least 460 nm and a peak wavelength of 500 nm.
A terbium-activated green phosphor having a wavelength of at least 550 nm,
Or a terbium / cerium activated green phosphor, wherein the red phosphor has a peak wavelength of 600 nm or more and 620 nm.
The following is a trivalent europium-activated red phosphor, wherein the deep red phosphor has a peak wavelength of 625 nm or more and 670 nm.
m or less may be a manganese-activated deep red phosphor.

In the weight percent of the fluorescent material in the fluorescent lamp, the blue fluorescent material is 0% or more and 5% or less, the green fluorescent material is 15% or more and 25% or less, and the red fluorescent material is 10% or more. % To 30%, and the deep red phosphor may be 50% to 70%.

[0023]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, an outline of a conspicuous index M will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the degree of conspicuousness of the color object illuminated under each lighting lamp is determined by the brightness (B) and the colorfulness (Mr-g, My) of the nonlinear color perception model of Naya et al. -b) (for example, "Color Research and Application Vol. 20, No. 3" (Naya et al., Color Research and Application, 2
0, 3, (1995))) in the color gamut area of the four test colors. Table 1 shows the spectral radiance factors of the four test colors.

[0024]

[Table 1]

In particular, since the test color that greatly contributes to the conspicuousness is red, the area surrounded by the red, blue, and green test colors and the red, yellow, and green test colors are based on the red test color. The sum of the enclosed areas was defined as the color gamut area of the four test colors. Based on the color gamut area of the four test colors, the conspicuous index M is given by equation (1). G (S, 1) in equation (1)
000 (lx)) is the sample light source S and the illuminance 1000 (lx).
x) shows the color gamut area of the four test colors under G) (G (D6
5,1000 (lx)) indicates the color gamut area of the four-color test color under the reference light source D65 and the reference illuminance of 1000 (lx).

M = [G (S, 1000 (lx) / G (D65,1000 (lx))] ^1.6 × 100 (1) That is, the color gamut area of the four-color test color under an arbitrary illumination lamp light S Shows an area equivalent to the color gamut area under the standard light D65 light, that is, when a conspicuous feeling equivalent to the standard light D65 light is obtained, the conspicuous index M of the lamp is 1
00 was standardized. As this conspicuous index M increases,
Object colors such as fresh flowers and green leaves can be made to stand out.

As described above, in the present invention,
The most important problem is to determine the range of the color characteristics of food, fresh flowers and leaves of leaves, which are important objects with respect to the conspicuous effect of the light source, on the same level as a high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamp.

Therefore, several types of 40 W straight tube fluorescent lamps having different conspicuous index M were prepared, and an evaluation experiment was conducted to determine the range of color characteristics almost equivalent to that of a high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamp.

The fluorescent lamps used in the experiments were LaPO ₄ : Ce ³⁺ , Tb ³⁺ (shown as LAP in Table 2) for the green phosphor and Sr ₁₀ (PO ₄ ) ₆ Cl _{2 for the} blue phosphor. Eu ²⁺ (shown as SCA in Table 2) and Y ₂ O ₃ : Eu ³⁺ (shown as YOX in Table 2) and 3.5MgO · 0.5Mg
It was produced by using F ₂ .GeO ₂ : Mn ⁴⁺ (indicated by MFG in Table 2) and mixing phosphors of three colors of green, blue and red.

For comparison with a high-chroma high-pressure sodium lamp, a fluorescent lamp having a correlated color temperature of about 2800 K, which is equivalent to the color temperature of the high-chroma high-pressure sodium lamp to be compared, was manufactured.

In the observation experiment, an observation booth having a size of 170 cm in depth, 150 cm in width, and 180 cm in height and having each fluorescent lamp mounted on the ceiling was used for a fluorescent lamp. ,
An observation booth having a size of 120 cm in depth, 150 cm in width, and 210 cm in height and having a high-chroma type high-pressure sodium lamp mounted on the ceiling was used.

In both booths, the wall surface is N8.5, the floor surface is N5, and the desk is N7. On the desk, tomato, lemon, tangerine, bell pepper, etc., which are important objects with regard to the conspicuous effect of the light source. Food and crimson roses, red, pink, white carnations, yellow chrysanthemums, bluish purple, magenta,
Various colorful flowers and plants, such as white Turkish bellflowers, which are framed in purple and pink, as well as glass, plaster, hand mirrors, small tatami mats, newspapers, magazines, and 15 types of color patches.

In the experiment, the appearance of colors in the observation booth was evaluated while alternately comparing the appearance of a fluorescent lamp and the appearance of a high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamp. Fluorescent lamps are evaluated as an alternative to high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamps, as they look almost as beautiful and vivid as the color appearance of high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamps. The evaluation was made based on whether or not the image was too vividly visible. Table 2 shows the prototype lamps used in the evaluation experiments and their evaluation results.

[0034]

[Table 2]

Table 2 shows, in order, the prototype number of the prototype lamp, the type and weight ratio of the phosphor, the correlated color temperature, and the chromaticity deviation from the blackbody locus (the plus sign indicates the upper left corner from the blackbody locus). , The minus indicates the chromaticity deviation from the black body locus to the lower right side, and Δu, v), the conspicuous index M, and the observation evaluation result are shown.

The circles in the column of evaluation in Table 2 indicate that the appearance of the color of the high saturation type high pressure sodium lamp is almost as beautiful and vivid as the appearance of the color of the high saturation type high pressure sodium lamp, and the appearance of the color of the high saturation type high pressure sodium lamp. This indicates that the evaluation result was not too vivid to the person.

As is apparent from Table 2, when the value of the conspicuous index M is 160 or more and 175 or less, which is substantially equal to the conspicuous index M of the high-chroma type high-pressure sodium lamp, the color is substantially the same as that of the high-chroma type high-pressure sodium lamp. It was found to have properties. Next, the relative spectral distribution of the fluorescent lamp manufactured as one example of the present invention is shown.

(First Embodiment of Fluorescent Lamp)
First, an example of a fluorescent lamp having a correlated color temperature of 2800K and a 40 W straight tube type constituted by four phosphors will be described. FIG.
Are Sr ₁₀ (PO ₄ ) ₆ Cl ₂ : Eu ²⁺ and LaPO ₄ : Ce ³⁺ , Tb ^{3 +} and Y ₂ O ₃ : Eu ³⁺
_{3.5MgO · 0.5MgF 2 · GeO 2:} Mn4 + four phosphors about sequentially by weight% 1: 21: 23:55 is a fluorescent lamp spectral distribution of a mixing ratio of, (Table 2) No.4 Fluorescent lamp.
The prominent index M of the fluorescent lamp of FIG. 1 is 160, and the lamp efficiency is about 57 lm / W. The chromaticity point of the light color has a chromaticity deviation from the blackbody locus of 0.0017 on the CIE 1960 uv chromaticity diagram.

For example, a conspicuous index M of a diffusion type / straight tube type / 140 W high chroma type high pressure sodium lamp is 164 and the lamp efficiency is about 38 lm / W.

Therefore, the fluorescent lamp of FIG. 1 has a lamp efficiency about 1.5 times that of the above-described high-chroma type high-pressure sodium lamp, and has a conspicuous index M substantially equal to that of the high-chroma-type high-pressure sodium lamp. Therefore, it is possible to provide a fluorescent lamp in which green of fresh flowers and leaves can be seen vividly and neatly almost in the same manner as color appearance under a high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamp.

Strictly speaking, the value of the conspicuous index of the fluorescent lamp is desirably 164 or more that of the high-saturation type high-pressure sodium lamp, but the range of color characteristics where the conspicuous index is around 164 is very vivid and gorgeous. Therefore, even if the conspicuous index was slightly low, the observation evaluation was sufficiently satisfactory. Therefore, the minimum limit value of the conspicuous index was set to 160.

(Second embodiment of fluorescent lamp)
An example of a fluorescent lamp composed of two phosphors and having a correlated color temperature of 2800K is shown. Figure 3 shows Sr ₁₀ (PO ₄ ) ₆ Cl ₂ : Eu ²⁺ and LaPO
₄ : Ce ³⁺ , Tb ³⁺ and Y ₂ O ₃ : Eu ³⁺ and 3.5MgO · 0.5MgF ₂ · GeO ₂ : Mn4 + Four phosphors in a weight ratio of about 1: 21: 15: 63 in order. Is the spectral distribution of the fluorescent lamp mixed with
o.3 is a fluorescent lamp. The prominent index M of the fluorescent lamp of FIG. 3 is 175, and the lamp efficiency is about 50 lm / W. The chromaticity point of the light color has a chromaticity deviation of 0.0009 from the black body locus on the CIE 1960 uv chromaticity diagram. As described above, the conspicuous index M of the diffusion type / straight tube type / 140 W high saturation type high pressure sodium lamp is 164, and the lamp efficiency is about 38 lm / W.

Therefore, the fluorescent lamp of FIG.
Because the efficiency is twice as high and the conspicuous index M is higher than the conspicuous index of the high-saturation type high-pressure sodium lamp, the green color of fresh flowers and leaves is more vivid than the color appearance under the high-saturation type high-pressure sodium lamp light. A fluorescent lamp that looks beautiful can be provided.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, an example of the embodiment is shown, but it goes without saying that it can be made by combining various phosphors.

As an example, a phosphor of 400 nm to 460 nm is Sr
₂ P ₂ O ₇ : Eu ²⁺ , Sr ₁₀ (PO ₄ ) ₆ Cl ₂ : Eu ²⁺ , (Sr, Ca) ₁₀ (PO ₄ ) ₆ C
^{_{l 2: Eu 2+, (Sr}} , Ca) 10 (PO 4) 6 Cl 2 · nB 2 O 3: Eu 2+ or BaMg ₂ Al ₁₆ O
_27: Eu ^{2 +,} from 500 nm 550 nm of the phosphor, LaPO _4: Ce ^3+, T
b ³⁺ , La ₂ O ₃・ 0.2SiO ₂・ 0.9P ₂ O5: Ce ³⁺ , Tb ³⁺ , CeMgAl ₁₁ O ₁₉ :
Tb ³⁺ or GdMgB ₅ O ₁₀ : Ce ³⁺ , Tb ³⁺ , 600 nm to 620 nm phosphor is Y ₂ O ₃ : Eu ³⁺ , 625 nm to 670 nm phosphor is Y ₂ O ₃ : Eu ³⁺ ,
GdMgB ₅ O ₁₀ : Ce ³⁺ , Tb ³⁺ , Mn ²⁺ or GdMgB ₅ O ₁₀ : Ce ³⁺ , Mn ²⁺ , Mg ₆
As ₂ O ₁₁ : Mn ⁴⁺ and 3.5MgO.0.5MgF ₂ .GeO ₂ : Mn ⁴⁺ .

Further, a blue phosphor having a wavelength of 400 nm or more and 460 nm or less,
Green phosphor of 500 nm or more and 550 nm or less, red phosphor of 600 nm or more and 620 nm or less, and even if a small phosphor having a peak wavelength is added in addition to the deep red phosphor of 625 nm or more and 670 nm or less, if claim 1 is satisfied, It goes without saying that a fluorescent lamp having almost the same color characteristics as a high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamp can be produced.

Further, in this embodiment, the fluorescent lamp made of a 40 W straight tube is shown, but it goes without saying that the fluorescent lamp of the present invention can be made even if the wattage is different or the shape of the fluorescent lamp is different.

Note that the chromaticity point of the light color of the fluorescent lamp is
1960 uv Chromaticity deviation Δ from chromaticity point of blackbody locus on chromaticity diagram
The closer u and v are to 0, the closer to the light color of the incandescent bulb. However,
In the case of a fluorescent lamp, since the light color of the fluorescent lamp varies in the manufacturing process, the chromaticity deviation Δu, v is set to be within the allowable range of -0.005 or more and +0.005 or less as compared with 0, thereby achieving high chroma. The light color is similar to the light color of a high-pressure sodium lamp in the shape.

As shown in FIG. 4, the chromaticity deviation Δu, v is
When the chromaticity point of the light color of the light source is S (u, v) and the intersection of the perpendicular drawn from the chromaticity point S to the blackbody locus and the blackbody locus is P ( _uo , _vo ), CIE It is defined by the distance SP between the chromaticity point S and the intersection point P on the 1960uv chromaticity diagram.

However, when the chromaticity point S is on the upper left side (green light side) of the locus of the black body, the chromaticity deviation is positive (Δu, v>
0), the chromaticity deviation is negative (Δu, v <0) when it is on the lower right side (reddish light color side).

[0051]

As described above, according to the present invention, a fluorescent lamp having substantially the same color appearance as that of a high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamp and having a higher lamp efficiency than a high-saturation high-pressure sodium lamp can be obtained. realizable.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a relative spectral distribution diagram of a fluorescent lamp according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a conspicuous index M which is a basic concept of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a relative spectral distribution diagram of the fluorescent lamp according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a chromaticity deviation SP.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-64-62384 (JP, A) JP-A-5-28966 (JP, A) JP-A-5-36384 (JP, A) JP-A-5-28384 109387 (JP, A) JP-A-3-33186 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H01J 61/44

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. The fluorescent lamp S is operated under an illumination of 1000 (lx).
The color gamut area of the color test color is G (S, 1000 (lx)), and the standard light D65 is
The color gamut area of the four test colors under illuminance 1000 (lx) is G (D65,1
000 (lx)), and the conspicuous index M is M = [G (S, 1000 (lx)) / G (D6
5,1000 (lx))] ^1.6 × 100, the value of the conspicuous index M of the lamp is 160 or more and 175 or less, the correlated color temperature of the light color of the lamp is 2700 K or more and 3150 K or less, and the light color The fluorescent lamp whose chromaticity point has a chromaticity deviation from the blackbody locus on the CIE1960uv chromaticity diagram in the chromaticity range of -0.005 or more and +0.005 or less. 2. A peak wavelength of 400 nm or more and 460 nm.
Blue phosphor having a peak wavelength of 500 nm or more 5
Green phosphor of 50 nm or less, peak wavelength of 600 n
The fluorescent lamp according to claim 1, comprising a red phosphor having a length of m or more and 620 nm or less, and a deep red phosphor having a peak wavelength of 625 nm or more and 670 nm or less. 3. A blue phosphor is a divalent europium-activated blue phosphor having a peak wavelength of 400 nm to 460 nm, and a green phosphor has a peak wavelength of 500 nm to 5 nm.
A terbium-activated green phosphor or a terbium / cerium-activated green phosphor having a wavelength of 50 nm or less; and a red phosphor having a peak wavelength of 600 nm or more and 620 nm or less.
3. The fluorescent lamp according to claim 2, wherein the deep red phosphor is a manganese activated deep red phosphor having a peak wavelength of 625 nm to 670 nm.