JP3236404B2 - Shield machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention can excavate a tunnel having a circular cross section and a wide space portion larger than a single tunnel. For example, a subway line can be excavated between stations (between stations) and a station. The present invention relates to a shield excavator that can be efficiently formed while alternately excavating (digging) a (home) portion.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, it is well known that many tunnels such as subways and roads are formed by a shield construction method using a shield machine. The shield machine is
The main parts are a cutter that cuts the ground, a cylindrical shield (shield) that prevents the collapse of the earth wall, and a propulsion means (shield jack) that moves them forward. The tunnel can be dug safely and securely without affecting the tunnel.

[0003] However, due to the function of the cutter, the shape of the shield, and the like, most shield excavators are configured to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section exclusively. Special measures are required to form.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 4-179796 proposes a rational excavation method for a subway line including such a station. That is, a tunnel (circular cross section) between stations is excavated by a normal shield excavator, and another shield excavator is added to the excavator in a shaft provided at a starting position of the station at a station portion. It is converted into a circular (three-core) shield machine. The remodeled shield machine creates a large space (section with a triple circle, etc.) as a station, but when the shaft reaches the end of the station, the added machine is removed there, and the circular section is removed. Return to the original shield machine.

According to the method disclosed in the above publication, the construction is much simpler than the open-cutting method (the method of excavating in a groove form from the ground) over the entire length of the station, and the method is applied to each of the stations and the station. There is no facility inconvenience of using another shield machine.

[0006]

When excavating a subway line or the like in accordance with the proposal of the above-mentioned publication, the construction of the shield machine becomes a serious problem in practice. That is, how to connect and separate another excavator to a normal excavator. It is naturally inappropriate to integrate the two parts by welding because of the difficulty in removing them. However, it is necessary to realize a connection state with sufficient bonding strength by alternative means. Even when the two are connected, a large force is applied in each direction during excavation, such as pressure from earth and sand, propulsion, or excavation resistance.Therefore, simply assembling with bolts and nuts has the necessary strength. This is because they may not. Further, if it takes time for each connection due to the necessity of adjusting the mounting position or the like, the smooth progress of the construction is hindered.

In this regard, the above publication conceptually shows a method of excavating a subway line, but does not clarify a desirable configuration of a shield excavator actually used for the excavation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a shield excavator that is practical in terms of coupling strength and ease of attachment and detachment when connecting and separating another excavator (auxiliary excavator) from a normal excavator. To provide.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A shield excavator according to the present invention is designed to excavate a portion extending around a main shield machine (so-called ordinary shield excavator) for excavating a tunnel having a circular cross section. A shield excavator in which an auxiliary excavator including the cutter and the shield (another excavator as described above) is connected to a side part by a bolt or the like, and is separated, and a) a peripheral wall part of the main shield machine includes: the recess facing surface spreads in a tapered shape toward the outside is provided, b) parallel to the auxiliary tunneling member, Rutotomoni provided a convex portion that is fitted into the concave portion for forming a connection of the above, c) the excavation direction I will resist the power
Between the main shield machine and the auxiliary excavator
Provided over and pin, etc.) - it is intended.

[0010] As described in claim 2, the anti-shear member
Key can be used.

[0011]

In the shield machine according to the present invention, the auxiliary machine is connected to the main shield machine by fitting the convex portion of the above b) into the concave portion of the above a) and fastening them with bolts or the like. . Such a connection between the two has the following effects.

1) A specific direction (a direction intersecting the above-described facing surface in the concave portion) by a combination of the concave portion and the convex portion.
Has no shearing force on the bolt. Since (most of) the force in that direction acts on the combined concave and convex portions, the force acting on the bolt as a shearing force is very small. For example, it is assumed that the auxiliary excavation body is connected to the left and right sides of the main shield machine, and a concave portion having two upper and lower surfaces which are opposing surfaces is formed, and the convex portion of the auxiliary excavation body is fitted into this concave portion (FIG. )), A load acting in the vertical direction from earth and sand acts on these concave and convex portions, and does not become a shearing force of the bolt. Therefore, there is no need to use an extremely large number of strong bolts that can withstand the shearing force (this also means that the auxiliary excavator is easily attached and detached), and there is not enough space between the main shield machine and the auxiliary excavator. There will be bonding strength. Normally, a force that tries to separate the main shield machine from the auxiliary excavation body during excavation hardly occurs, so that the pulling force acting on the bolt is extremely small.

2) The above-mentioned concave portion is such that the opposing surface is tapered outwardly, and one of the convex portions has a similar surface and is fitted in the concave portion. When the auxiliary excavation body is connected to the vehicle, it is not necessary to adjust the connection position at least in a direction intersecting the opposing surface. This is because if the convex portion is fitted into the concave portion so that the tapered surfaces are aligned, the position, mounting angle, and the like of the convex portion (that is, the auxiliary excavation body) with respect to the concave portion (that is, the main shield machine) in the above-described direction are determined naturally. . Then, when the concave portion and the convex portion are fitted together and a bolt or the like is fastened, the connection is completed.

3) When separating the auxiliary excavated body from the main shield machine, it is preferable to remove bolts and nuts, extract a convex portion from the concave portion, and attach covers to the concave portion. If the covers are formed into a curved surface continuous with the cylindrical surface of the shield, it is extremely preferable to excavate a tunnel having a circular cross section by a single main shield machine in which the auxiliary excavation body is separated. The fact that the digging can be carried out smoothly by attaching the covers in this manner is a unique effect due to the provision of the concave portion instead of the convex portion on the side of the main shield machine.

By the way, the above-mentioned concave portion provided on the cylindrical peripheral wall portion of the main shield machine is provided in the circumferential direction (vertical or horizontal direction).
Ideally, there are two opposing surfaces each in the axial direction (digging direction). In other words, if the main shield machine and the auxiliary excavation body are connected by fitting the concave part and the convex part having such a surface in all directions, any force such as soil pressure, excavation resistance, propulsion force, etc. No shear force acts on the bolt. However, in reality, it may be difficult to provide two surfaces facing each other in the axial direction. For example, at the forefront position of the auxiliary excavator, a bearing that supports the rotary or oscillating cutter of the excavator is arranged, and it is difficult to provide one surface that should be the axially opposed surface there. Many.

The shield excavator according to the present invention applies a force in the excavation direction (parallel to) to the bolt when an opposing surface as a concave portion or a convex portion cannot be provided in the axial direction, that is, the excavation direction in such circumstances. It was treated so as not to act as a shearing force. That is, in the shield excavator configured as described above, the force acting in the excavation direction, such as the propulsion force of the propulsion means such as the shield jack and the excavation resistance received from the earth and sand on the face face, is supported by the above-described anti-shear member. Does not work. Therefore, even when the opposing surface can be formed only in the circumferential direction, a sufficient coupling strength is provided between the main shield machine and the auxiliary excavation body.

[0017]

1 to 4 show a shield machine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This excavator 1 is configured such that a subway line can be efficiently formed by alternately excavating a tunnel portion having a circular cross section and a space portion of a station (underground station) having a wider cross section by one unit. It is. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (d), semi-cylindrical auxiliary excavating bodies 20 can be connected to and separated from the left and right sides of the cylindrical main shield machine 10, respectively (details thereof). Will be described later). Since the semi-cylindrical auxiliary excavation body 20 is connected to both sides of the cylindrical main shield machine 10, in this case, a space having a cross section of a triple circle in which three circles overlap and are horizontally connected is used as a station. Can be excavated as part of.

The main shield machine 10 itself has no difference from a known general shield machine, except for a part (a part for connection described later), so that the description of the structure of a single unit is omitted. The structure of the shield machine 1 in a state of being connected to the auxiliary machine 20 is substantially as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In other words, the excavator 1 in the connected state excavates a triple-circle tunnel, and has three cutters 11 and 21 (two cutters 21 on the front surface as shown in FIG. The two related parts 20) are arranged, and the cylindrical shield 12 and the arc-shaped shield 22 are provided along each contour line. Cutter 11
Needless to say, 21 cuts the ground, and each of them has a large number of cutter bits 11a and 21a. Agitators 11p and 21p are also provided to stir the earth and sand excavated by the cutters 11 and 21. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1 (b) or FIG. 2, the rear part inside the shields 12 and 22 and separated from the front part by the partition wall 15 is provided.
Shield jack 13.23 or segment erector 1
4.24 etc. are provided. Jacks 13 and 23
This is a means for propelling the excavator 1 by pushing the segment A (FIG. 2) constructed on the inner surface of the tunnel by the erectors 14 and 24. However, among the jacks 13, those arranged other than the outer peripheral portion in FIG. 1B do not function when the excavator 1 is in a state of a triple circle (a state in which the auxiliary excavation body 20 is connected).

The cutter 11 of the main shield machine 10
Is for excavating a large-diameter circular portion at the center of a triple circle of a tunnel. As shown in FIG. 1 (a), a cutter bit 11a (a part of which is not shown) is disposed over 360 ° over the entire surface. It is a rotary cutter that rotates continuously in a certain direction. As shown in FIG. 2, the cutter 11 is an annular drum 11b.
The drum 11b is integrated with the motor 11c.
Is driven to rotate.

On the other hand, the cutter 21 of the auxiliary excavation body 20
It excavates a relatively small-diameter semicircular part that protrudes outward from the triple circle, but it is not a rotary type but a swing type. As for the cutter 21, first, as shown in FIG.
Radially from the shaft 21b within a sector of 215 °
Arm is extended and a plurality of cutter bits 2
1a (a part of which is not shown) is provided. And FIG.
As described above, the cutter 21 is disposed slightly behind and parallel to the cutter 11 so as to avoid contact with the cutter 11, the shaft 21b is supported by a bearing 21c and the like, and the hydraulic pressure is set in the middle of the shaft 21b. The telescopic end of the cylinder 21d is connected. Cylinder 21d
There are a pair of cutters 21. The cutters 21 swing about the shaft 21b by 30 ° in the forward and reverse directions from the state shown in FIG. The cutter 21 has a width of 215 ° covering almost the entire semicircular excavation area, and the interval between its nine arms is about 30 ° except for a part of the area. The required range of excavation can be sufficiently performed by the swing of 30 °.

The shield excavator 1 in the above-described three-circle state is formed by connecting the auxiliary excavators 20 one by one to the left and right of the central main shield machine 10. The connection is as follows. Have gone to. That is, a) a plurality of bolts (and nuts) 16 to enable the auxiliary excavation body 20 to be separated from the main shield machine 10.
n (FIG. 1A or FIG. 2).

(B) As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the concave portion 16 provided on the peripheral wall of the main shield machine 10 and the auxiliary excavation body 20 are designed so that a shearing force is not applied to the bolt 16n based on a load from the upper portion due to earth and sand. The connection is made by fitting the protrusions 26 provided on the side portions. The recess 16 is, as shown in FIG.
The tapered two opposing surfaces 16a opened outward and a bottom surface 16b connected to the two opposing surfaces 16a are formed on a part of the peripheral wall (shield 12) of the main shield machine 10. One convex part 2
6 is formed on the shield 22 of the auxiliary excavation body 20 with a tapered opposing surface 26a that can be in close contact with the opposing surface 16a and a protruding end surface 26b that can be joined to the bottom surface 16b through a slight gap. are doing.

(C) Between the main shield machine 10 and the auxiliary excavation body 20, as shown in FIG. 2 (see the drawing portion), so that the shear force does not reach the bolt 16 n by the load acting in the excavation direction. Key 16x is provided in the circumferential direction along the shield 12. The load in the excavation direction is
The propulsive force of the shield jacks 13 and 23 (may exceed 1000 tons in total) and the excavator 1 from the face (left side in FIG. 2) of each part of the main shield machine 10 and the auxiliary excavator 20
And the sum or difference thereof can be the shearing force. In this example, as can be seen in FIG.
In the auxiliary excavating body 20, the shaft 21b and its bearing 21c are provided at the front, and the bending moment acting on the shaft 21b increases when the bearing 21c is moved rearward. Therefore, the surface facing the partition plate 26c in the excavation direction. Therefore, it was not possible to form a convex portion and a concave portion having opposing surfaces for receiving a load in the excavation direction. The key 16x is provided as described above in place of such a convex portion and a concave portion. The key grooves 16e and 26e into which the keys 16x are fitted include a part of the shield 12 of the main shield machine 10 and the auxiliary excavation body 2 as shown in the drawing part of FIG.
And the inner wall surface 26d connected to the zero shield 22.

By breaking the connection described above, the auxiliary excavation body 2
When 0 is separated, the external shape of the main shield machine 10 viewed from the side is as shown in FIG. The recess 16, the bolt 16 n (the bolt hole 16 m), the key 16 x (or the key groove 16 e) and the like can be seen. A tunnel having a circular cross section can be excavated by the excavator 1 having only such a main shield machine 10. However, in operation, it is preferable in terms of the function of the shield 12 to cover the recess 16 and the rear opening 17 with covers 18 and 19 (see FIG. 4).

The excavation of the subway line by the shield machine 1 can proceed according to the following procedure.
Referring to FIG. 4, a tunnel having a circular cross section between stations is dug by the main shield machine 10 (FIG. 4A) with the covers 18 and 19 attached.

At a position corresponding to both ends (start and end) of the station portion, a shaft slightly widened from the ground surface (not shown)
When the excavator 1 (main shield machine 10) reaches the shaft at the beginning of the station, the covers 18 and 19 are removed (FIG. 4 (b)), and the two auxiliary excavators 20 are placed on both sides. (FIG. 4 (c)). This is done using a slightly larger space in the shaft that connects to the ground surface. Main shield machine 1
As described above, the auxiliary excavation body 20 has the concave portion 16 and the convex portion 26 fitted together and is connected by the bolt 16n (see FIG. 2), but the tapered facing surface between the concave portion 16 and the convex portion 26 is provided. Since there are 16a and 26a (see FIG. 1A), it is not necessary to adjust the connection position and the parallelism (angle) of the axis.

In a state where the auxiliary excavation body 20 is connected to the main shield machine 10 (FIG. 4D), excavation of a station space having a horizontal triple circle cross section is performed.

When the shaft reaches the shaft provided at the end of the station, the auxiliary excavation body 20 is separated in the shaft, and covers 18 and 19 are attached, and only the main shield machine 10 is in the state (FIG. 4 ( Return to a)) and excavate the tunnel with a circular cross section between stations again.

Although an embodiment has been described above, the present invention can also be implemented as follows.

A) The auxiliary excavating body connected to the main shield machine is not limited to the one in which the cross section is semicircular and the cutter is of an oscillating type as in the above embodiment. Depending on the cross-section of the space required for the station, etc. (it may be other than three circles), it may be of other shape, and depending on its cross-section shape and combination with the main shield machine, the swing type It is also possible to adopt a cutter other than (for example, a rotary type / reciprocating type).

B) The number of auxiliary excavating bodies connected to one main shield machine is not limited to two, and the number of auxiliary excavating bodies may be determined according to the cross section of the required space. Further, the connection position of the auxiliary excavation body is not limited to only the side (horizontal position) of the main shield machine. For example, when it is desired to form an expansion space for an air conditioning duct, wiring, and the like above a tunnel having a circular cross section, an auxiliary excavation body is connected to an upper portion of the main shield machine.

C) The auxiliary excavation body requires a cutter and a shield, but a propulsion means such as a shield jack is not always indispensable. Since the main shield machine is connected to the main shield machine with sufficient coupling strength, the propulsion means may not be necessary for the auxiliary excavation body if the propulsion of the main shield machine has a margin. Although the excavation speed is slightly reduced, there is often no problem when the excavation distance in the connected state is short.

D) The present invention can be used not only for excavation of a subway line but also for excavation of a tunnel for an automobile road partially including an escape lane, an overtaking lane, and the like.

[0034]

The shield machine according to the present invention has the following effects.

1) Based on the combination of the concave portion of the main shield machine and the convex portion of the auxiliary excavation body, no shearing force acts on the bolt in a specific direction. Sufficient bonding strength is provided between the shield machine and the auxiliary excavation body.

2) Since the concave and convex portions to be fitted have tapered opposing surfaces, the auxiliary excavator can be easily connected to the main shield machine without adjusting the connection position in a specific direction. can do. This is preferable because the above 1) facilitates the work of attaching and detaching the bolt and facilitates the excavation work.

3) Since there is a recess on the side of the main shield machine,
When digging a tunnel with a circular cross section using only the main shield machine, it is easy to facilitate the excavation.

Further, 4) even when it is not possible to provide a concave portion or a convex portion having an opposing surface in the excavation direction (axial direction of the excavator), the force in the excavation direction is not applied to the bolt as a shearing force, and sufficient A bond strength is obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1A is a front view showing an outline of a shield machine 1 as an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a rear view of the machine 1;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the shield machine 1 taken along the line II-II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the shield machine 1 showing only a main shield machine 10;

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an excavation point of a subway line by the shield machine 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield excavator 10 Main shield machine 20 Auxiliary excavation body 11 ・ 21 Cutter 12 ・ 22 Shield 16 Depressed portion 16a Opposite surface 16x Key (anti-shearing member) 26 Convex portion 26a Opposite surface

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Tadashi Sukekawa 807-3, Funaishikawa, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture (72) Inventor Ken Watanabe 4-2-1-13 Hoya, Hoya-shi, Tokyo (72) Inventor Oride Kenichi 3-1, 1-1 Higashikawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kobe Factory (56) References JP-A-4-258493 (JP, A) JP-A-4-179795 (JP, A) Kaihei 5-38092 (JP, U) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 9/06 301

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. An auxiliary excavating body including a cutter and a shield is connected to a side portion by a bolt or the like and separated from a main shield machine excavating a tunnel having a circular cross section so as to excavate a portion extending therearound. A shield excavating machine, in which a peripheral wall portion of the main shield machine is provided with a concave portion whose opposing surface is tapered outward, and the auxiliary excavating member is fitted into the concave portion in order to make the above connection. When Ru provided with a convex portion to be placed
In both cases, the main shield machine and auxiliary are used to resist the force parallel to the direction of excavation.
A shield excavator , wherein an anti-shear member is provided between the excavator and the excavator. 2. The anti-shear member according to claim 1, wherein said anti-shear member is a key.
The shield machine described.