JP3211959B2 - Lubricant or lubricant concentrate - Google Patents

Abstract

A lubricant or lubricant concentrate based on mineral and/or synthetic oil with improved lubricating properties, in particular improved load-bearing, sliding and anticorrosion properties, contains a) one or more mineral and/or synthetic oils as the basic oil, b) at least one quadrivalent to octavalent alcohol with at least one quaternary carbon atom and at least one ether bond per molecule and having a density d20 of at least 0.900 and an enthalpy H of at least 350 kcal/kg, c) at least one asymmetric organaometallic compound, d) at least one phosphorus carrier, and e) at least one sulphur carrier, as well as f) other usual additives.

Description

The present invention relates to novel lubricants or lubricant concentrates based on mineral and / or synthetic oils with improved lubricants, in particular with improved load-bearing, sliding properties as well as corrosion protection. About things.

During the last decade, numerous processes and lubrication systems have been developed to reduce the friction and wear of operating machine parts, reduce the cost of energy and replacement parts, and extend the useful life of lubricants and materials. Have been. Lubricants that are effective during the entire life of a machine component in operation (hereinafter “lifetime lubricants”) are ideal in view of the increasingly restrictive ecological requirements. It is considered to be a good lubricant.

On the way to long life, high mechanical efficiency lubricants, lubrication systems and lubrication processes, so-called chemical wear lubricants were developed in the first phase. Parts in operation by using it, by forming a chemically reactive coating on the surface or by introducing a chemically reactive compound into the lubricant base component. Microm of mountain (microm
The formation of salts on the surface of the ountain greatly hinders metal-to-metal contact. In this way, sheathing of mechanical parts can be prevented. At the same time, however, wear due to shearing of the salt coating between the metal parts moving relative to each other was promoted. Therefore, the service life of the material remains relatively short. In a further stage, operating metals such as graphite, MoS ₂ , TiO ₂ , Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ , Teflon, etc., which are introduced in the form of lubricating sheathings, suspensions, pastes or fats Solid lubricants introduced between parts have been developed. In this way, the rubbed parts were better separated from each other and the load carrying capacity was increased. However, under the influence of high peripheral speed centripetal movement, the solid lubricant and the base medium are sooner or later separated from each other at higher temperatures due to their different specific densities. Long-life lubrication is thereby limited. In a further step, the deposition of the appropriate metal cations on the friction surface from the chemical complex dissolved in the lubricant during operation was achieved. Under the pressure and temperature of the parts to be rubbed, they form a eutectic with the metallic boundary layer, which fills the uneven valleys smoothly and partially tribochemically Flatten plastically. The anionic portion of the organometallic compound acts as a lubricant on the newly reconstructed eutectic friction surface at the original location and forms a sticky reaction layer.

Control of the progress of the reaction, besides too long an initial stage, too high abrasion coefficient and wear, is a problem with these lubrication systems. When a eutectic and reaction layer unrelated to the material is formed, which no longer functions well as an agent for removing microscopic irregularities for product adjustment in a narrow fit,
An overloaded area occurs at this location, resulting in subsequent metal damage on the sliding surface, or
The active component of the organometallic compound is strengthened, resulting in the chemical wear lubricating phase having too fast removal rates and too short a service life.

For example, DE-PS 941 678 describes soluble reaction products of phosphorus pentasulfide or lubricating oils having a liquid or solid aliphatic or terpene hydrocarbon content. DE-PS 923 984 discloses lubricating oils containing metal-containing alkylphenol sulfide esters in combination with zinc sulfonates. DE-AS 144 489 2 discloses a lubricating oil containing a salt of an aromatic zinc dithiophenophthalate and a zinc carboxylate in the presence of water. Both products mentioned above are lubricating oil cleaners, while later products are said to prevent corrosion of silver bearing surfaces. DE-AS1296730 discloses lubricating oils containing substituted succinic acids, optionally together with salts of alkylated or esterified phosphoric acids. This product has an antioxidant function as a cleaning agent. From DE-AS1271878, learn the combination of dithiophenosphate and dithiophene osfinate. From DE-OS 1 594 555 we know cutting oils containing free sulfur, dialkyldithiophenosphate and chlorinated hydrocarbons. US-PS3462367 discloses lubricating oils containing zinc or antimony dithiocarbamate. US-PS27
58087 shows a sulfur-phosphorus compound prepared by reacting phosphorus pentasulfide and olefin at high temperature, and a lubricating oil containing zinc phthalate. However, all these known lubricating oil additives do not meet today's requirements, in particular they cause heavy oxide precipitation in the area of the lubricating points,
It also causes too high abrasion.

Use of a lubricating oil additive from US-PS2734865 which combines with the combined reaction product of phosphorus sulfide, tallow oil fatty acid alcohol ester, zinc chloride and barium hydroxide to form a dithiophenophthalate of an alkaline earth metal salt I understand. The coefficient of friction and wear values achieved thereby are too high for today's requirements, and the values of the surface pressure are too low. US-PS 2734864 describes lubricating oil additives which combine with the complex reaction product of phosphorus sulphide, mutton and alcohol esters to form an alkaline earth metal dithiophenophthalate. Non-limiting products contain sufficient amounts of barium and zinc. Such lubricating oil additives are practically unusable due to intolerable odors and also endanger the health of workers who come into contact with them. DE−
Lubricants based on mineral and synthetic oils from PS1954452 include mineral or synthetic oils, as additives, esters of epoxidized fatty acids with 10 to 18 carbon atoms and monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, zinc, lead, tin , Tungsten, molybdenum, niobium or lanthanum alkyl, aralkyl or aralkyldithiophenate, and optionally sulfur-phosphorus compounds. Lubricants and lubricant concentrates based on mineral or synthetic oils from DE-PS 2108780 are, respectively, lead, tungsten, molybdenum and / or esterified with alkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups.
Alternatively, it is found that in addition to vanadium dithiophenophthalate, at least one kind of zinc dialkyldithiophenophthalate compound and a metal-free sulfur-phosphorus-containing compound are contained. Also, lubricants that have found widespread use in these later years no longer meet all the requirements for modern long-life, high-mechanical-efficiency lubricants. Their coefficient of friction and wear are too high, their storage resistance is inadequate and their long-term use leads to too high a share of regeneration in the lubricant sector.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the lubricating properties, especially the friction and wear properties, to reduce the need for energy and replacement parts, and to build on mineral or synthetic oils meeting the highest requirements. It is to provide a new lubricant or lubricant concentrate.

This object according to the invention is surprising in that, besides the usual additives, mineral oils and / or synthetic oils contain at least one quaternary carbon atom and at least one ether linkage in their molecules, and at least one tetravalent to octavalent alcohol having Entanpi density d ₂₀ and at least 350 kcal / Kg of at least 0.900, at least one asymmetric organometallic compound, at least one phosphorus-containing material and at least one sulfur This can be achieved by adding contained substances.

The subject of the present invention is a novel lubricant or lubricant concentrate based on mineral and / or synthetic oils, comprising: a) one or more mineral and / or synthetic oils as base oil; having at least one quaternary carbon atom not only at least one ether linkage in the molecule, and at least one tetravalent having enthalpy H of density d ₂₀ and at least 350 kcal / Kg of at least 0.900 to 8 C) at least one asymmetric organometallic compound, d) at least one phosphorus-containing substance, e) at least one sulfur-containing substance, and f) also characterized by the usual additives And

The lubricants and lubricant concentrates of the present invention are superior to known lubricants and lubricant concentrates, particularly with regard to their friction and wear properties and substantially reducing energy and the need for replacement parts. This means that the use of the lubricants and lubricant concentrates of the present invention in the friction and sliding areas results in the formation of a metal surface, such as a glass surface made of an amorphous solidified metal melt. This is probably due to the fact that the surface does not show the crystal structure of any metal. The glassy smooth friction and gliding surfaces believed to be formed by using the lubricants or lubricant concentrates of the present invention provide a substantially reduced coefficient of friction and abrasion, oxidation and corrosion. Improve the overall lubrication process.
Also, rust caused by the so-called mating relationship (fitting rus)
t) is prevented by the lubricants and lubricant concentrates of the present invention. In addition, the lubricants and lubricant concentrates of the present invention are non-polluting because they contain no lead, no sulfur-containing pepper oil and little phosphorus. This has been demonstrated in fish tests and bacterial culture tests performed on the lubricants and lubricant concentrates of the present invention. Moreover, they are biologically degraded in normal soil to as much as 60% within 3-4 months.

Thus, the lubricants and lubricant concentrates of the present invention can be considered to be very non-polluting, in particular, they can reduce the homokinetic joints of motor vehicles, i.e. high speed rotation and high loads. Suitable for use in receiving small joints. And the lubricants and lubricant concentrates of the present invention are closer to ideal lubricants, or "lifetime lubricants", than all other known lubricants. Moreover, the polyether compounds with quaternary carbon atoms used according to the invention have significant thermal stability and make them available for high-temperature operation up to 300 ° C. They offer the possibility of using them as high mechanical efficiency engines, turbines, roller bearings, tuning joints and other high mechanical efficiency mechanical elements and life-long lubrication.

As used herein, "lubricants or lubricant concentrates based on mineral and / or synthetic oils" are meant to include lubricating oils as well as lubricating fats based on mineral and / or synthetic oils.

As used herein, "quaternary carbon atom-containing compound" is meant to include compounds in which at least one tetravalent carbon atom per molecule is replaced by each four carbon atoms. Illustrative of such compounds are the monomeric, dimeric and trimeric pentaerythritol ethers, another polyol ether, pentaerythritol ethoxy ether as well as pentaerythritol ether telomerate and the corresponding ethoxylated ether. .

As can be seen from the examples below, the lubricants and lubricant concentrates of the present invention have substantially improved properties as compared to known lubricants and lubricant concentrates. The glassy smooth friction and running surface formed by the lubricant of the present invention saves driving energy and also inherently reduces the coefficient of friction,
And also by virtue of the formation of a very good sticky boundary lubricating film, it also enables point loads and elastic hydrodynamic lubrication. This results in a decrease in the friction temperature of the lubricant and the lubricated area, an increase in both oxidation resistances, and the metal friction partner undergoes less pronounced load changes and thermal stresses.

In summary, wear is greatly reduced by these effects and the service life of friction partners and lubricants is prolonged. According to the invention, these improvements have heretofore been considered to require the use of oils of high or medium viscosity, such as gears, differential gears,
Alternatively, a very wide viscosity range is achieved so that oils with low viscosity can now be used in the field of turbine gears. Moreover, the thermal stability of the lubricants and lubricant concentrates of the present invention allow for use in lubricated locations exposed to high operating temperatures, such as diesel engines and aircraft turbines.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant or lubricant concentrate comprises as compound (b) the hydroxyl group of 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, especially 8 to 12 carbon atoms.
It contains mono-, di- or tripentaerythritol which is etherified or ethoxyetherified by a straight-chain or branched alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group having three carbon atoms.

Component (b) according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention
As pentaerythritol mono-, di- or tetraethers.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant or lubricant concentrate of the present invention contains a compound having at least one free hydroxyl group thereon.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant or lubricant concentrate is 0.1% by weight of mineral oil and / or synthetic oil.
It contains up to 40% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, in particular 1 to 12% by weight, in particular 2 to 6% by weight, of component (b).

According to a still further preferred embodiment of the invention, the lubricants or lubricant concentrates according to the invention comprise, as component (b), mono-, di- or tripentaerythritol ether derivatives and / or ethoxylated ether derivatives and / or Contains pentaerythritol telomerate or an ethoxyl derivative thereof.

The lubricant or lubricant concentrate of the present invention is 1.0 mPa.s at 20 ° C.
It preferably contains beet oil, natural oil and / or synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of 2 · 10 ⁶ mPa · s at 20 ° C. as base oil. Particularly preferably, as a natural oil, 1.0 mPa.s to 50 ° C at 20 ° C.
Use of mineral oils having a viscosity of 540 mPa.s, and of aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, in particular poly-α-olefin-dicarboxylic esters, especially -butyl esters having a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 3000, Preferably diisodecyl phthalate, didecyl trimethyladipate and dioctyl sebacate, 1000 to 10
Polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of 0000 and a viscosity of 200-43000 mPa.s at 100 ° C., polymethacrylate having a viscosity of 1000 mPa.s at 100 ° C., and a water-insoluble polyglycol having a viscosity of 5-60 mPa.s at 100 ° C. With flash point higher than 50 ℃
Use of isoparaffin oil and / or alkylbenzene having a viscosity in the range of 1.0 mPa.s at 20 DEG C. to 2,000,000 mpa.s at 20 DEG C., and telomerates, preferably trimethylolpropane ester of neopentyl glycol and / or telomerate. It is.

As further additives, the lubricants or lubricant concentrates according to the invention are preferably sulfur-containing substances, especially thiazoles, at least one metal dialkyldithiocarbamate and / or metal dialkyldithiophenophthalate and / or phosphorus-containing substances, in particular It contains an organic phosphite, preferably a dialkylaryl phosphite, especially didecylphenyl phosphite or didodecylphenyl phosphite and / or a metal dialkyldithiophenophosphate.

The sulfur-containing material is preferably contained in the lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to the invention in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight, in particular 1 to 3% by weight, while the phosphorus-containing material is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, In particular, it is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight, especially 0.5 to 2% by weight.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant or lubricant concentrate may contain conventional antioxidants, metal deactivators, detergents, dispersants, defoamers and / or viscosity index improvers. it can.

The additives according to the invention can be added in the abovementioned amounts in the form of a composition as a single compound or as a concentrate with respect to the base medium (base oil or base fat).

Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the invention.

The polyether compounds having at least one quaternary carbon atom in the molecule and preferably used according to the invention can include the following groups of compounds:

a) Mono-, di- and tripentaerythritol ethers and their ethoxylated ether derivatives. Basic mono- and dipentaerythritol have the following structure: However, the hydroxyl groups can be partially or completely etherified, and the ether groups can contain straight-chain or branched alkyl, aralkyl or aryl groups having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 12, carbon atoms. preferable.

These compounds can be easily prepared and many representatives of these compounds are commercially available.

Examples of suitable pentaerythritol ethers are pentaerythritol monohexyl ether, pentaerythritol monooctyl ether, pentaerythritol monononyl ether, pentaerythritol monodecyl ether, pentaerythritol monododecyl ether, pentaerythritol monomyristyl ether, pentaerythritol monohexadecyl ether , Pentaerythritol monostearyl ether,
Pentaerythritol monooleyl ether, pentaerythritol monoisostearyl- and -isopalmitate ethers; the corresponding dihexyl-, dioctyl-, dinonyl-, didecyl- of pentaerythritol
Didodecyl-, dimyristyl-, dihexadecyl-, distearyl-, dioleyl-, diisostearyl- and diisopalmitate ethers; the corresponding trihexyl-, trioctyl-, trinonyl-, tridecyl-, tridodecyl-, trimyristyl- of pentaerythritol , Trihexadecyl-, tristearyl-, trioleyl-, triisostearyl- and triisopalmitate ethers as well as the corresponding tetrahexyl-, tetraoctyl-, tetranonyl-, tetradecyl-, tetradodecyl-, of pentaerythritol Tetramyristyl-, tetrahexadecyl-, tetrastearyl-,
Tetraoleyl-, tetraisostearyl- and tetraisopalmitate ethers.

b) Pentaerythritol telomeric acid derivative having the following skeleton: Wherein T is a telomer and R is T or alkyl.

Telomeric acid is a compound having a relatively high molecular weight and a long chain star molecular structure, which can be etherified in a customary manner, and the ether is a valuable lubricant (Akzo Chemistry) Commercial product Kortacid
T).

The mineral oil which can be used according to the invention is at 20 ° C.
From isoparaffin oil having a viscosity of 1.0 mPa.s
Beyond thin spindle oil with a viscosity of mPa.s, a highly viscous brightstock and 540 mPa.s at 50 ° C.
All customary mineral oils up to cylinder oils with a viscosity of s.

Many of the synthetic oils that can be used according to the invention include, for example,
BP's trade name “Hyvis 10” (polyisobutylene having a viscosity of 200 mPa.s at 100 ° C.), “Hyvis 200” (4300 m at 100 ° C.)
Polyisobutylene having a viscosity of Pa.s) and "Hyvis 20
Commercially available under "00" (polyisobutylene having a viscosity of 43000 mPa.s at 100 DEG C.) Viscoplex 4-95 from Rhhm having a viscosity of 1000 mPa.s at 100 DEG C.
(Polymethacrylate), Union Carbide 100
Ucolub N9 with a viscosity of 5.7 mPa.s at ℃, 5.7 mP at 100 ℃
Ucolub N36A with viscosity of as, Ucolub N36A with viscosity of 55 mPa.s at 100 ° C, Ucol with viscosity of 55 mpa.s at 100 ° C
Not only ub N120A (all of which are water-insoluble polyglycols) but also Etsuso's "Isopar J" (isoparaffin oil) having a viscosity of 1.0 mPa.s at 20 ° C. is commercially available. .

The phosphorus-containing compound which can be used according to the invention is an organic phosphorus compound of the formula Wherein R is substituted at the O- or P-position by a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl group, each having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Phenyl group.

Preferred examples of the organic compound having the above formula include monodecyl-diphenyl phosphite, didecyl phenyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, dioctyl-phenyl phosphite, dihexyl-phenyl-phosphite, diisodecyl-phenyl-phosphite, and diisooctyl. Phenyl-phosphite, didecyl-O-methyl-phenylphosphite and didecyl-P-methylphenylphosphite.

The metal dialkyldithiocarbamate that can be used in the present invention as a sulfur-containing substance is a compound of the following formula: In the formula, Me is copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), titanium (Ti), boron (B), zircon (Z
r), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), tantalum (Ta), antimony (Sb), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), cobalt ( Co) and a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), preferably boron (B), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) or molybdenum (Mo).

The metal dialkyldithiophosphate usable in the present invention as a sulfur-containing substance as well as a phosphorus-containing substance is a compound of the following formula: In the formula, Me is copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), titanium (Ti), boron (B), zircon (Z
r), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), tantalum (Ta), antimony (Sb), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), cobalt ( Co) and nickel (Ni), preferably zinc (Zn), nickel (N
i), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), molybdenum (M
o), tungsten (W) and manganese (Mn).

Since the alkyl groups of the above-mentioned metal dialkyldithiocarbamates and metal dialkyldithiophosphates each preferably have 4 to 8 carbon atoms, the metal salt selected dissolves in a commercially available base oil. Examples of particularly convenient alkyl groups are n-, i- and tert-butyl, n- and i-amyl, n- and i-hexyl, n- and i.
-Heptyl group and 2-ethylhexyl group. Particularly preferred are i-butyl, n- and i-amyl and 2-ethylhexyl.

Examples of metal dialkyldithiocarbamates which can be advantageously used according to the invention are: copper-dialkyldithiocarbamate and copper-bis-dialkyldithiocarbamate, silver-dialkyldithiocarbamate, zinc- and cadmium-. Bis-dialkyldithiocarbamates, boron-trisdialkyldithiocarbamates, as well as tin- and lead-bis-dialkyldithiocarbamates, antimony-, vanadium-, tantalum-tris-dialkyldithiocarbamates, -tetrakis-, and -pentakisdialkyldithios Carbamates, also dialkyldithiocarbamates in which these metals are present in mixed degrees of oxidation; chromium-bis-, chromium-tris, chromium-tetrakis, and chromium-hexakisdialkyl Thiocarbamates, molybdenum- and tungsten-tetrakis-, -hexakis-, and -oxybis- and -oxytetrakisdialkyldithiocarbamates, manganese-bis-, -tris-, -tetrakis- and -hexakisdialkyldithiocarbamates, and cobalt -And nickel-bis- and -trisdialkyldithiocarbamates.

Among these compounds, boron-trisdialkyldithiocarbamate, nickel-trisdialkyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum-tetrakis- and molybdenum-oxytetrakisdialkyldithiocarbamate, manganese-, vanadium- and tungsten-tetrakisdialkyldithiocarbamate are particularly preferred.

The metal dialkyl phosphates which can be advantageously used according to the invention are the same metal dialkyl dithio phosphates of the same degree of oxidation as listed above for the metal dialkyl dithiocarbamates.

Particularly advantageous are zinc-bisdialkyldithiophosphato, nickel-bis- and -trisdialkyldithiophosphato, titanium- and vanadium-tetrakisdialkyldithiophosphato, molybdenum- and tungsten-tetrakisalkyldithiophosphato and molybdenum- and Tungsten-oxytetrakisdialkyldithiophosphate.

Particularly preferred samples of the metal dialkyldithiocarbamates used according to the invention are boron-trisdiisobutyldithiocarbamate, boron-trisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamate, nickel-trisdiisobutyldithiocarbamate, nickel-trisdiamildithiocarbamate, Nickel-trisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum-tetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum-oxytetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamate, manganese-, vanadium- and tungsten-tetrakis-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamate, likewise Cobalt-bis-diisobutyldithiocarbamate.

Particularly preferred examples of the metal dialkyldithiophosphates used according to the invention are zinc-bis-di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, nickel-bis- and -trisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, manganese, titanium. -And vanadium-tetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphato, as well as molybdenum- and tungsten-tetrakis- and molybdenum- and tungsten-oxytetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphato.

The present invention will be described in more detail using the following examples, but is not limited thereto.

In the following examples, commercially available lubricating oils and fats are:
Each of the following compositions was used, and they were compared with respect to their lubricity, on the one hand containing the lubricant concentrate of the invention and on the other hand not containing it.

The results obtained in each example are depicted graphically in the figures.

A refined steel disc 23 mm in diameter and 10 mm thick was used to perform the test, and the surface was coated with a drop of each lubricant or lubricant concentrate to be tested. Above the area where the lubricant or lubricant concentrate drops were placed, the same refined steel sphere of 10 mm diameter was placed so that the load exerted pressure on the surface of the metal plate. The metal sphere moved under the pressure on the surface of the metal plate at a frequency of 50 Hz over an amplitude of 1 mm for 60-180 minutes and back again. The load in the load area during the test varied from 50 to 300N and the temperature changed from 50 to 150 ° C (O
SRV sold worldwide by ptimol GmbH Shokai
(Vibration-friction-wear) device).

Abrasion marks caused by friction between the surface of the metal plate and the loaded sphere during a test period diagonally to the oscillating direction of the sphere (contour of unevenness caused by abrasion) were recorded by an appropriate recording device. The figure shown below is obtained, on the vertical axis, the height of wear is the difference between the highest and lowest points of wear marks on the surface of the metal plate,
Furthermore, the scanning range of the surface of the metal plate is drawn on the horizontal axis.

In the following figures, a depth of 1 cm of the wear mark on the vertical axis corresponds to a true depth of 1 μm of the wear mark on the surface of the metal plate. However, in FIG. B 'of Example 2, the scanning device was weakened so that the 1 cm depth of the wear marks in the figure corresponded to the true depth of 2.5 μm of the wear marks on the plate surface.

The figures were recorded under the same conditions (ball load 50-300
N, friction frequency 50 Hz, temperature 50 to 150 ° C., friction amplitude 1 mm, test time 1 to 3 hours).

The coefficient of friction shown in the following figure (R _K max = maximum coefficient of friction; R _K
d = mean coefficient of friction over 98% of the coefficient of friction curve) was measured using the SRV apparatus described above. Unless stated otherwise, in all tests, products having the following composition were used as lubricant concentrates according to the invention: Example 1 A highly viscous lubricating oil having a viscosity of 2200 mPa.s at 50 ° C. and having the following composition was prepared and tested: trimethyl adipate didecyl ester 34% polyisobutylene (43000 mpa.s / 100 ° C.) 32 % Lubricant contaminants 6% Inventive lubricant concentrate 28% In comparative products, inventive lubricant concentrate was excluded.

Both products are 1 under the same conditions at a temperature of 150 ° C and a load of 200N.
Time tested. The results obtained are plotted graphically in the following figures A (according to the invention) and A '(according to the state of the art).

The addition of the lubricant concentrate according to the invention leads to a wear scar depth of 1.13 μm (average of two measurements). A wear scar depth of 1.68 μm (average of two measurements) was obtained without the addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention.

Example 2 A moderately viscous lubricating oil having a viscosity of 190-200 mPa.s at 50 DEG C. and having the following composition was prepared and tested: Polymer alpha-olefin ester 12% trimethyladipate Decyl ester 36% Polyisobutylene (43000 mpa.s / 100 ° C.) 18% Lubricant contaminants 6% Inventive lubricant concentrate 28% In comparative products, the inventive lubricant concentrate was excluded.

Both products are 1 under the same conditions at a temperature of 150 ° C and a load of 200N.
Time tested. The results obtained are depicted graphically in the following figures B (according to the invention) and B '(according to the state of the art).

The addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention led to a wear scar depth of 0.90 μm (average of two measurements). A wear scar depth of 13.98 μm (average of two measurements) was obtained without the addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention.

Example 3 An intermediate viscous lubricating oil having a viscosity of 120-150 mPa.s at 50 DEG C. and having the following composition was prepared and tested: High viscous alpha-olefin ester copolymer 4% intermediate Α-olefin ester polymer with a consistency of 12% Didecyl trimethyl adipate 34% Polyisobutylene (200mpa.s / 100 ° C) 12% Lubricant contamination 6% Lubricant concentrate of the invention 32% Comparative product In the above, the lubricant concentrate of the present invention was excluded.

Both products were tested under the same conditions at a temperature of 150 ° C. and a load of 200 N for 1 hour. The results obtained are depicted graphically in the following figures C (according to the invention) and C '(according to the state of the art).

The addition of the lubricant concentrate of the present invention caused a wear scar depth of 1.03 μm (average of two measurements). A wear scar depth of 3.48 μm (average of two measurements) was obtained without the addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention.

Example 4 A highly viscous, sticky, high temperature lubricating oil having a viscosity of 15000 mPa.s at 50 ° C. and the following composition was prepared and tested: trimethyladipate didecyl ester 29% polyisobutylene (43000 mpa.s) / 100 ° C.) 52% Lubricant concentrate of the invention 19% In comparative products, the lubricant concentrate of the invention was excluded.

Both products are 1 under the same conditions at a temperature of 150 ° C and a load of 200N.
Time tested. The results obtained are plotted graphically in the following figures D (according to the invention) and D '(according to the state of the art).

Addition of the lubricant concentrate of the present invention caused a wear scar depth of 0.8 μm (average of three measurements). A wear scar depth of 1.57 μm (average of two measurements) was obtained without the addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention.

Example 5 A lubricating fat for multipurpose lubricants for high mechanical efficiency gears and tuning joints having the following composition was prepared and tested: Mineral oil 70% Lithium stearate based consistency improver 9% The present invention Lubricant concentrate of 21% In the comparative product, the lubricant concentrate of the present invention is 3% by weight
Molybdenum disulfide / graphite mixture.

Both products were tested under the same conditions at a temperature of 50 ° C. and a load of 300 N for 3 hours. The results obtained are shown in the following figure (according to the invention)
And F '(according to the state of the art) in graphical form.

The addition of the lubricant concentrate according to the invention causes a wear scar depth of 0.95 μm (mean of three measurements), while the addition of the comparative additive mixture results in a wear of 1.63 μm (mean of three measurements). Causes the depth of the scar.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto, but may be modified in many ways in a manner apparent to the expert without exceeding the scope of the invention. Obviously, it can be modified.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI C10M 135: 18 C10M 135: 18 107: 08 107: 08 107: 22 107: 22 105: 36) 105: 36) C10N 20:00 C10N 20:00 CZ 30:06 30:06 30:08 30:08 30:12 30:12 40:00 40:00 40:04 40:04 40:12 40:12 (56) References 58-117287 (JP, A) JP-A-59-75995 (JP, A) JP-A-58-61189 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C10M 169/04 C10M 129/16 C10M 129/74 C10M 137/02 C10M 137/10 C10M 135/18 C10M 107/08 C10M 107/22 C10M 105/36

Claims (11)

(57) [Claims] 1. A (a) natural oils, synthetic oils and base oils selected from the group consisting of a mixture thereof, (b) has a density d ₂₀ of at least 0.900, and at least one fourth in the molecule At least one tetravalent to octavalent alcohol derivative containing a secondary carbon atom, wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of mono-, di- and tripentaerythritol, wherein the alcoholic group has 6 to 18 carbon atoms. (C) sterically hindered phenols, (c) sterically hindered phenols, all etherified by alkyl or aryl halides containing straight or branched alkyl, aralkyl or aryl groups having atoms. At least one dialkyldithiocarbamate compound represented by the following formula: (In the formula, Me is a metal selected from the group consisting of boron, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, cobalt, nickel and mixtures thereof, and R independently has 4 to 8 carbon atoms. (E) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of dialkylaryl phosphites, monoalkyldiaryl phosphites, trialkyl phosphites and triaryl phosphites (provided that the alkyl group is linear, A phenyl group which is branched or cyclic and contains 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and the aryl group is substituted at the o- or p-position by an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. (F) a thiazole derivative, (g) at least one dialkyldithiophosphate represented by the following formula: Compounds, and (In the formula, Me is a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, molybdenum and a mixture thereof, and R is an alkyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.) (H) Antioxidant, metal inert Selected from agents, detergents, dispersants, defoamers and viscosity index improvers;
(G) a lubricant containing an additive different from any of (g), wherein the component (b) is added in an amount of 0.1 to 4 based on the weight of the component (a);
0% by weight, the total amount of component (d) and component (g) is 0.5 to 10
% By weight, 0.1 to 5% by weight of the component (e), 0.1% by weight of the component (f).
The above-mentioned lubricant containing about 3% by weight. 2. Component (d) is selected from the group consisting of boron-dialkyldithiocarbamate, nickel-dialkyldithiocarbamate, cobalt-dialkyldithiocarbamate, molybten-dialkyldithiocarbamate and mixtures thereof, and component (g) is The lubricant of claim 1, wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of zinc-dialkyldithiophosphate, molybten-dialkyldithiophosphate, and mixtures thereof. 3. Component (d) is (i) boron-tris-diisobutyldithiocarbamate, boron-tris-di-
(Ii) nickel-tris-diisobutyldithiocarbamate, nickel-tris-diamyldithiocarbamate, nickel-tris-di-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamate, and a compound selected from the group consisting of 2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamate and a mixture thereof. A compound selected from the group consisting of the mixture thereof, wherein component (g) is zinc-bis-di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, molybten-tetrakis-di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, molybten-oxytetrakis-phosphate. 3. The lubricant of claim 2, wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of di-2-ethylhexyl dithiophosphate and mixtures thereof. 4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight of component (a) is 0.1 to 20.
The lubricant according to claim 1, which contains component (b) by weight. 5. The lubricant according to claim 4, which comprises from 1 to 12% by weight of component (b), based on the weight of component (a). 6. A lubricant according to claim 5, comprising 2 to 6% by weight of component (b), based on the weight of component (a). 7. The base oil has a viscosity of 0.1 mPa.s to 2,000,000 mPa.s at 20 ° C.
The lubricant according to claim 1, having a viscosity in the range of: 8. A synthetic oil comprising an aromatic dicarboxylic acid ester,
The lubricant according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid ester and a mixture thereof. 9. The lubricant according to claim 8, wherein the synthetic oil is a poly-α-olefin-dicarboxylic acid ester having a molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 3,000. 10. The synthetic oil comprises diisodecyl phthalate, didecyl trimethyladipate and dioctyl sebacate, a molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000 and a molecular weight of 1 to 100,000.
Polyisobutylene having a viscosity of 200 mPa.s to 43000 mPa.s at 00 ° C., polymethacrylate having a viscosity of 1000 mPa.s at 100 ° C., and a water-insoluble polyglycol having a viscosity of 5 mPa.s to 60 mPa.s at 100 ° C. The lubricant of claim 1, wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of isoparaffin oil, an alkylbenzene having a flash point above 50 ° C. and a viscosity at 20 ° C. in the range of 1.0 mPa.s to 2,000,000 mPa.s, and a telomerate. . 11. The lubricant according to claim 1, wherein the natural oil is a mineral oil.