JP3211863B2 - Indication method of driving operation state in field test of water turbine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water turbine on-site test device comprising a high-speed A / D converter and an arithmetic unit and used for testing a hydroelectric power plant. It relates to a display method of a driving operation state in a field test of a water turbine, which is suitable for testing while analyzing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a prior art water turbine on-site test apparatus,
There was a test apparatus using an analog recorder, but editing and analysis of the output waveform data were all performed manually, which required labor and had a problem in data reading accuracy.

As a countermeasure for the above, Japanese Utility Model 4-47612
There is a test apparatus for sampling by using a high-speed AD converter disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-260, and this test apparatus aims to save labor and improve reading accuracy by automatically reading data and performing arithmetic processing.

[0004]

However, the high-speed A
In a test apparatus using a D converter, the amount of data measured increases in proportion to the sampling rate, and a problem arises in that processing cannot be efficiently performed in a short time. For this reason, since the sampling speed is reduced or the measurement time is shortened so as to fit in the data amount corresponding to the processing of the test apparatus, the required accuracy data may not be collected depending on the test content.

More specifically, a water pressure signal related to a water turbine measured in a field test generally contains a high-frequency component of about 200 Hz. In order to measure these waveforms faithfully, a signal of about 1 kHz to 2 kHz is required. Sampling speed is required.

In view of the number of measurement elements and the measurement time in the on-site test of the turbine, it is necessary to measure 30 elements for 2 minutes or more in a load shedding test or the like.
If 30 elements are measured for 120 seconds at a sampling rate of 2000 Hz (2000 times per second), the total data amount is 72
00000. It takes several tens of minutes just to display this on the screen, and furthermore, it takes several hours to analyze the test result, which causes a problem that the test period is increased.
On the other hand, if the sampling speed is reduced in consideration of the data processing time, the measured waveform becomes flat or distorted,
There is also a problem that accurate measurement, that is, test evaluation is difficult.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for displaying a driving operation state in a field test of a water turbine with high efficiency and high accuracy.

[0008]

The present invention can solve the above-mentioned problems by the following means. The operation state signal of the turbine is fetched from the detection means at a predetermined sampling cycle for a predetermined measurement duration, and the number of the operation state signals fetched within the measurement duration indicates the allowable display resolution of the display means. When it exceeds, the number of the driving operation state signals is equally divided based on the allowable display resolution by the display means, the maximum value and the minimum value of the divided driving operation state signals are obtained, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is calculated. The present invention is characterized in that the driving operation state is displayed by the display means as converted line segment coordinate data, and the converted line segment coordinate data in each of the divided signals is used as trend display data. Further, a division index is added to the divided operation state signal taken from the detection means and stored, and data before conversion to line segment coordinate data or line segment data is read out by the index, and the display means The feature is that it is displayed on the display.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for displaying the operating state of a water turbine with a short data processing time and high accuracy.
Can be offered.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a water turbine on-site test apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. The on-site turbine testing device of the present embodiment includes an A / D converter 1 as a conversion unit connected to various detectors 8 as a detection unit, a central processing unit 2 as a calculation unit, and a C unit as a display unit.
And an RT display 3. If necessary, the system includes a keyboard 4, a storage device 5 including a RAM and a magneto-optical disk, a printer 6, and a hybrid recorder 7 as a conversion unit.

The central processing unit 2 has signal acquisition means 10, signal conversion means 11, signal output means 12, signal reference means, data storage means and the like, which will be described later. The data storage means includes an internal storage device included in the central processing unit 2 or a connected external storage device 5 and the like.

The operation of the above configuration is as follows. Various signals indicating the operating state of the turbine, such as voltage, current, pressure, displacement, etc., are input from various detectors 8 attached to the test unit of the turbine for power generation to be tested. The A / D converter 1 and the hybrid recorder 7 have a digital signal, that is, data. The digital signal is converted into a trend display signal by the central processing unit 2, and the trend display signal is converted to a CRT as a display means. The information is sequentially displayed via the display 3. Then, the central processing unit 2 is again operated by an operation through interactive input means such as the keyboard 4 and the mouse 9.
And the data is referenced from the internal storage device or the external storage device 5. The referenced data is displayed on the CRT display 3 or printed and analyzed from the printer 6, and is stored in the storage device 5 or the like as necessary.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the arithmetic processing of one embodiment of the central processing unit of FIG. This flowchart will be described with reference to FIGS.
At step 21, the program is loaded. In step 22, a process of setting test items and the like for the turbine to be tested is executed. Here, since the purpose and content of the on-site turbine test differ from test to test, in the test item setting in step 22, the measurement items are selected, the measurement time is specified, the sampling speed is specified, and the measurement format is adapted to various tests. Selection and report format setting (can be changed after test completion).

In the next step 23, an item corresponding to the time is selected from the set test items. Step 24
Then, the data of the started test item (that is, digital signal) is fetched. In step 25, if necessary, the data acquisition is completed, and the data acquisition is temporarily stopped. This step 25 can be omitted. The data taken in steps 24 and 25 are stored in step 26 and converted in step 27.

Here, first, the signal conversion means in step 27, that is, the data conversion processing, will be described with reference to FIG.
And will be described in detail. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a data conversion method according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a screen of a CRT display on which a waveform A is displayed. FIG.
(b) is a diagram showing the display of 200 points of data of the waveform A, that is, the waveform B by the conventional method. For explanation,
Enlarged display. FIG. 3C is a diagram showing the display of the waveform B according to the method of the present invention.

In general, in a water turbine on-site test apparatus, simultaneous data measurement is performed using a plurality of channels. For convenience, data measurement of one channel, for example, a sampling rate of 2 kHz
A description will be given of a measurement example in which the measurement duration is 120 seconds.
The data of the waveform A measured under this condition is composed of 240,000 points of data (that is, digital signals).

It is assumed that the display resolution (resolution on the horizontal axis) of the CRT display 3 is 1200 points for 240,000 data points of the waveform A. That is, 24
It is 1/200 of 10,000 points. The resolution of the display means is limited, and when the waveform A is completely displayed on the screen as shown in FIG. 3A, the data of 200 points of the waveform A (that is, the waveform B)
Is superimposed and displayed on “one point on the screen”. That is, the enlarged one in FIG. 3B is actually displayed at one point.

If the display method of the waveform B is the conventional method, in order to draw one of the 1200 display resolutions on the screen (the time axis is set for the resolution of 1200 points on the horizontal axis of the screen). In this case, to plot one point on the time axis), one piece of measured data (one digital signal transferred from the A / D converter 1) is converted into physical data such as voltage, pressure, and displacement. The arithmetic processing is performed on the target data, the operation result is converted into the assigned coordinates on the display screen, and the coordinates are plotted as one display signal at one point on the screen. That is, one point is drawn on the screen only after the above processing is repeated 200 times.

[0019] Therefore, it is necessary a considerable amount of time to draw one point. In other words, if a large amount of data is displayed on the screen as it is and the analysis is performed in an interactive manner, the processing time of the data becomes long, and it is difficult to analyze the data accurately so as not to make a mistake ( Frustrating).

A method of displaying the waveform B according to the method of the present invention which solves this point is the data conversion method shown in FIG. That is, for example, as shown in FIG.
Maximum point Cmax in (corresponding to a predetermined number m of digital signals)
And a single line segment coordinate (corresponding to a small number n of trend display signals) having two points at both ends, ie, the minimum point Dmin and the minimum point Dmin.
These line segments are displayed on the screen of the CRT display 3 in one display process (plotting process).

The display in this case is a line display, but may be a two-point display of a maximum point and a minimum point (display using two trend display signals) or a one-point display using an average point ( Display by one trend display signal) is also possible. Since the trend display signal is used as a signal indicating the general tendency of the operation state of the water turbine, the smaller the number, the better, if the tendency can be grasped. Therefore, the relation of m≫n is satisfied. In particular, if one line segment coordinate having both ends of a predetermined two points, for example, a maximum point and a minimum point is adopted, a general tendency of the driving operation state can be expressed by one display process. There is an effect of two birds with one stone.

Specifically, in step 35 (a step of various automatic calculations) which is a subroutine of step 27 shown in FIG. 2, two values of the maximum point Cmax and the minimum point Dmin are selected from the 200 data points of the waveform B. Is obtained from the replacement method. Then, only the two points are subjected to physical data calculation processing and coordinate conversion processing. Then, in step 28, processing of storing index data is executed, which will be described later.

Next, in step 29, using the coordinates converted from the above two points as one line segment assigned to the display screen, one piece of data is created by converting the data of 200 points of the waveform B. Is output as the original display signal, and "data display" for displaying on the CRT display 3 is executed. As a result, the repetition of the physical data calculation processing, coordinate conversion and plotting processing 200 times, the calculation processing and coordinate conversion of the physical data twice of the maximum point Cmax and the minimum point Dmin, and one trend display This is reduced to a signal plotting process.

Therefore, the processing time and the plotting time for the calculation and the coordinate conversion are greatly reduced. C with limited resolution
This is very effective as a display method of the RT display 3. In other words, it can be said that the feature of the present invention resides in that the data is reduced to data that falls within the range of the permissible display capacity and displayed since the display capability of the display means is limited. Note that the expressions of maximum point, minimum point, and average point are displayed on the screen as points, and the maximum values of physical data such as voltage and pressure,
It corresponds to the minimum value and the average value. Hereinafter, the maximum value, the minimum value, and the average value will be referred to.

In summary, as shown in this embodiment, when the number of digital signals to be measured per unit time is 240,000, the number of the digital signals falls within the range of the allowable display resolution of the display means. , And is converted into a small number of tendency display signals (signals indicating the general tendency of the operation state of the water turbine) for each of the divided blocks. That is, the number of blocks to be divided is CR
The allowable display resolution of the T display 3 is adopted, and the number of blocks is set to 1200, which is the maximum resolution. And
The number of data for each block of 1200 points is set to a predetermined number m
= 200 points, and the data of these 200 points is a predetermined number n = 1
It is converted into a trend display signal of a point (more precisely, one line composed of two points). In this case, the reason why the maximum resolution (allowable display resolution) of the CRT display 3 is adopted as the reference of the number of blocks is that it is determined that the CRT display 3 is most visually desirable for analysis.

However, while the calculation time is shortened,
Although the analysis becomes rough as the intervals become difficult to see, the number of blocks may be set to 1200 points or less.
It is also possible to have more than 00 points. Therefore, the number falling within the range of the allowable display resolution of the display means is defined as the number of ranges that are visually and analytically determined to be desirable in a device such as a display. Further, the number of data in each block is not limited to a predetermined number m = 200 points, but may be different for each block.

As described above, 240,000 points of data are acquired, and 1
It is divided into 200 blocks, and a trend display signal such as 1 point (in the case of an average value) or 2 points (in the case of a maximum value and a minimum value) is created and displayed from 200 data points of each block. is there. In other words, steps 21 to 21 shown in FIG.
Of the step 29, at least steps 24, 27,
If there are 29, (1) Step 24 as signal acquisition means
Sequentially captures a predetermined number of digital signals, and (2)
In step 27 as signal conversion means, a small number of the digital signals representing the general tendency of the operation state of the water turbine among the received digital signals are converted into trend display signals, and (3) step as signal output means 29 allows the trend display signal to be output as a display signal. Then, the display signal is transmitted to C as a display means.
It can be said that it can be displayed on the RT display 3, the printer 6, or the like. Note that there are various methods for converting the arithmetic means into the trend display signal.
The signal conversion means and the signal output means may be integrated into one. Also, the display screen of the CRT display 3 is updated,
It is also possible to provide a means for displaying the enlarged waveform B on the update screen, and detailed contents thereof will be omitted.

On the other hand, the display screen of the waveform A in FIG. 3 is for grasping the whole operation state of the water turbine, and as a result of grasping the whole, that is, the general tendency, the display screen of the current waveform A has a problem. If it is determined that there is no (there is no need to perform a detailed analysis), the process proceeds from step 29 to step 31 in FIG. Then, in step 31, the data printout processing and data storage processing are executed by using the printer 6, the storage device 5, and the like. Step 32
At, the next test is selected as needed.

However, if it is desired to grasp the contents of the waveform B at some point up to the contents and perform a detailed analysis, the data reference process of step 30 is executed. That is, signal reference means is used. Hereinafter, this will be described. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a data reference method according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the calculation processing of one embodiment of the data reference method of FIG. As described later, in steps 26 and 28, the 20
The data reference of step 30 in FIG. 2 is executed using the index added to the zero-point data (predetermined number m of digital signals) and the converted data (predetermined number n of trend display signals). . Step 30 includes, for example, steps 51 to 56 as a subroutine shown in FIG.
Consists of

That is, in step 51, a data reference interactive process is executed. For example, CRT by mouse 9
The user interacts with the screen of the display 3 and designates the cursor of the “data part subjected to conversion processing” (that is, the part of the trend display signal) to be referred to. In step 52, the index (number n) corresponding to the designated cursor (that is, the trend display signal) is read. Next, step 5
In step 3, 200 points of data corresponding to the index (number n) stored in step 26 described later are called and read in accordance with the read index.

Next, at step 54, arithmetic processing of 200 points of physical data, coordinate conversion, and the like are sequentially performed on the read data. Accordingly, since only the data of the part to be referred to is subjected to the arithmetic processing of physical data, the coordinate conversion, and the like, there is an advantage that useless arithmetic is not performed. Then, the display signal (in this case, the original display signal and not the trend display signal) obtained from the physical data or coordinates is sequentially displayed on the CRT display 3 at the designated time. When the display corresponding to the designated index is completed, the cursor is moved to the next point on the time axis in steps 55 and 56, and the next data reference is executed. If the next data reference is not necessary, the processing ends. By repeating the above operation, the detailed data of the waveform B can be grasped and the data can be analyzed. Summarizing the above, the arithmetic means calls a predetermined number m of digital signals added and stored before the conversion processing of the trend display signal based on the index of the trend display signal to which the same index is added, and calls the digital signal. It can be said that it has signal reference means for sequentially restoring and displaying the digital signals. In the present embodiment, step 26 shown in FIG.
, Step 28 and Step 30 (Steps 51 to 5
6) corresponds to the signal reference means.

In this embodiment, when the detailed data of the waveform B is displayed for data reference, the time axis of the waveform A screen displayed on the screen at that time does not move.
The time axis of the screen moves and is displayed. When displaying while moving the time axis of the waveform B screen, the physical value (data value corresponding to the vertical axis) gradually increases or decreases based on the data of 200 points of the waveform B designated by the index. And display 200 times. For example, in FIG. 5, the coordinates are sequentially displayed by the cursor on the screen in order from the 200 (n−1) + 1st with time. When it reaches 200 (n−1) + 100th, for example, the physical quantity of physical data is
A cursor is displayed at a coordinate point corresponding to 223.17 at the point 223.17.

At this time, it is possible to display the numerical value of 223.17 on the screen, but it is desirable to display only the maximum value and the minimum value since the numerical display may not be easy to read because the display changes with time. . In addition, the maximum value and minimum value
The cursor may be moved between the points and displayed.
By using the flowchart of the arithmetic processing including the time axis designation cursor moving step and the display step which can be arbitrarily designated as described above, it is possible to refer to the detailed data of the waveform B anytime and anywhere.

By the way, it is also possible to interactively input the index via the keyboard 4 and specify the index. Furthermore, to make it easier to understand the correspondence between the cursor and the index,
The index indicated by the cursor may be displayed on the screen.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a data storage method according to one embodiment of the present invention. A method of adding an index to a predetermined number m of digital signals before conversion processing into a trend display signal and storing the digital signals, and associating the stored digital signals with the digital signals to be converted and converting the same index. It is a figure explaining the method of storing the tendency display signal which added to the said tendency display signal and the said index was added. The upper half of FIG.
The storage method of the measured data is shown, and corresponds to the process of step 26. The lower half shows how to store the converted data,
This corresponds to the process of step 28. The index is also called an address. That is, the method of storing the converted data in step 26 is as follows.
In the present embodiment, the data to be captured is divided into blocks each having 200 points, and an index such as a number N is added to each block and stored. In the method of storing the converted data in step 28, the trend such as coordinates corresponding to parameters (analysis factors) that are relatively frequently used for analysis such as the maximum value, the minimum value, and the average value calculated in step 35 are used. The display signal is stored corresponding to the same number N as the above-mentioned index for each block.

The index such as the number N is added to each block when it is necessary to refer to the detailed data later, and when the detailed data is not referred to (that is, when no signal reference means is provided). , There is no need to add an index. Also, a function of calculating the above parameters (function similar to step 35) may be incorporated in step 28.

As shown in the upper half of FIG. 6, in the conventional method, between time 200 * (N) and 200 * (N + 100), 2
0200 data are read and calculated 20200 times. On the other hand, as shown in the lower half of FIG. 6, in the method of the present invention, parameters (maximum value, minimum value, average value, etc.) are calculated and arranged in advance for each index.
In the (N, N + 100) range, between the index N,.
Since there are only 02 pieces of data, data processing can be performed by only 202 calculations. Therefore, since the data analysis time is shortened, even if the number of data analyzes is large, it does not lead to suffering (a mental burden on the tester), and it can be said that sufficient analysis can be performed quickly in a few minutes.

Next, FIGS. 7 and 8 show an application example of a water turbine on-site test apparatus having an automatic calculation function and a test function for a plurality of test machines, and this will be described. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a test data print of one embodiment according to the present invention. It shows the output opening degree test results in the power generation operation of the turbine test items. In the output opening test, water pressure, vibration, noise, etc. are measured to confirm the stable operation range of the turbine in relation to the output during power generation operation of the turbine and the guide vane opening (guide vane servo stroke). . Here, a measurement result of a hydraulic pulsation generated around the water turbine is shown.

Further, the maximum value and the minimum value are automatically obtained from each data for each designated index, and the result numerically displayed on the screen is printed. Such test data is printed in a short time, and the test of the turbine on site is performed efficiently. Further, what is shown in the right part of the latter half of FIG. 7 is a case where test data for each index is compressed and printed in order to facilitate data analysis, and is an example in which the waveform tendency is more easily grasped.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a test data print of another embodiment according to the present invention. The results of the load shedding test in the power generation operation of the turbine test items are shown. In the load rejection test, it is assumed that the load was rejected due to an accident in the power system during the power generation operation of the turbine, and safe operation without load occurred without any abnormality in iron pipe water pressure, rotation speed, generator voltage, etc. It is confirmed that migration is possible. Other than the above,
Vibration and noise are also measured. Here, measurement results of iron pipe water pressure, rotation speed, generator voltage, and guide vane servo stroke are shown.

In FIG. 8, in addition to the printing of the maximum value and the minimum value shown in FIG. 7, for example, test data unique to a water turbine such as a transition time of certain measurement data is automatically analyzed and calculated, and the calculation result is printed. ing. FIG. 8 shows an example in which tests are performed simultaneously on a plurality of test turbines (two generators in this example), test data of the same type of test item is converted, displayed, and printed. It is shown.

Since the conventional water turbine on-site test apparatus does not employ the conversion processing method according to the present invention, it is difficult to process a large amount of test data of a large number of test items. It was almost impossible to test. On the other hand, the arithmetic means according to the present invention comprises: signal acquisition means for simultaneously acquiring a plurality of sets of digital signals representing the operating state of the turbine of the same type of test item from a plurality of power generation turbines to be tested; And a signal output means for simultaneously outputting a plurality of sets of trend display signals, and a signal output means for simultaneously outputting the plurality of sets of trend display signals, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to print the test results of the test unit No. It should be noted that a means for simultaneously printing the test results of a plurality of test machines is connected to the arithmetic means.

More specifically, the on-site test of a turbine for power generation and pumping including the test items shown in the embodiments of FIGS.
Guide vane opening / closing force measurement, servo motor opening / closing time measurement,
Water-free tests such as water-free tests such as inlet valve opening / closing force / opening / closing time measurement and governor internal tests, metal run-in tests in power generation and pumping operation, automatic start / stop tests, shutoff tests, emergency (slow / sudden) Numerous tests such as stop test, output opening test, sudden load increase test, water thrust measurement, guide vane proper opening test, load test, input test, phase adjustment operation test, phase adjustment ← → power generation (pumping) switching test, etc. A large amount of test data on test items can be processed simultaneously, and a comprehensive test can be executed to simultaneously test a plurality of test machines.

Note that step 22 described in FIG.
The setting processing of measurement items and the like corresponds to many test items as described above. Then, from step 32 to step 2
The selection of the test 3 corresponds to the selection of the above many test items. In addition, high-frequency components were
Sufficient time for accurate sampling rate of water pressure waveform
Is continuously measured to determine the tendency or phenomenon of its operation.
Can be displayed faithfully. In addition, the present invention
According to it, dozens of items of data can be measured accurately at once
Data analysis faster and more effectively
This allows a small number of people to conduct on-site testing of the turbine in a short time.
There are also possible effects.

[0045]

According to the present invention , measurement can be performed with high-speed sampling.
Preprocessing large amounts of data collected at fixed durations
To understand the tendency at high speed.
And, if necessary, for each division specified
Can display the operation status.

[0046]

[0047]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a water turbine on-site test apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a calculation process of an embodiment of the central processing unit of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a data conversion method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a data reference method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a calculation process of an embodiment of the data reference method of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a data storage method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a test data print of one embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a test data print of another embodiment according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1. A / D converter, 2. Central processing unit, 3. CRT
Display 4, keyboard 5, storage device 6, printer 7, hybrid recorder 8, various detectors,
9 mouse, 10 signal acquisition means, 11 signal conversion means, 12 signal output means.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-7-174617 (JP, A) JP-A-5-281102 (JP, A) Japanese Utility Model 63-135255 (JP, U) (58) Field (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01M 19/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for receiving a driving operation state signal of a turbine from a detection means attached to a power generation turbine to be tested and displaying the driving operation state of the turbine on a display means, wherein a predetermined measurement continuation is performed. The operation state signal of the turbine is fetched from the detection means at a predetermined sampling cycle with respect to time, and the number of the operation state signals fetched within the measurement duration time exceeds the allowable display resolution of the display means. Divides the number of the operation state signals evenly based on the permissible display resolution, obtains the maximum value and the minimum value of the divided operation state signals, and obtains line segment coordinate data connecting the maximum value and the minimum value. Converting the converted line segment coordinate data in each of the divided signals into trend display data, and displaying the driving operation state by the display means. Displaying running operating state in the field test of the water turbine and performing shown. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a division index is added to the divided operation state signal taken from the detection means, and the divided operation state signal is stored into line segment coordinate data or line segment data based on the index. Reading the data before conversion and displaying the data on the display means.