JP3210834U - Covered seeds for direct sowing cultivation of paddy rice in flooded soil - Google Patents
Covered seeds for direct sowing cultivation of paddy rice in flooded soil Download PDFInfo
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- JP3210834U JP3210834U JP2017001376U JP2017001376U JP3210834U JP 3210834 U JP3210834 U JP 3210834U JP 2017001376 U JP2017001376 U JP 2017001376U JP 2017001376 U JP2017001376 U JP 2017001376U JP 3210834 U JP3210834 U JP 3210834U
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title abstract description 33
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000272201 Columbiformes Species 0.000 description 4
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035040 seed growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000287127 Passeridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010025899 gelatin film Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】酸素発生量及び発生環境を改善し、種子の発芽及び初期成育の安定化を図る被覆種子を提供する。【解決手段】被覆種子１０は、種子本体１と、種子本体１を被覆する被覆資材２とを含む。被覆資材２は、過酸化カルシウムを含んだ酸素発生剤３と、石膏を含んだ結合剤とに加え、モンモリロナイト４を含む。被覆資材２で被覆された被覆種子１０の外殻は金平糖状の凹凸部５を有することが好ましい。種子本体１が水稲の種子であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは、種子本体１が無催芽状態である。これにより、被覆種子１０が常温で２ヶ月間保存可能となる。また、播種後には土壌への早期の入水が可能となり、雑草の抑制や鳥害の防止といった副次的な利益をもたらす。【選択図】図１The present invention provides a coated seed that improves the amount of oxygen generated and the environment in which it is generated, and stabilizes seed germination and initial growth. A coated seed includes a seed body and a coating material that covers the seed body. The covering material 2 contains montmorillonite 4 in addition to the oxygen generator 3 containing calcium peroxide and the binder containing gypsum. It is preferable that the outer shell of the coated seed 10 coated with the coating material 2 has a confetti-like uneven part 5. The seed body 1 is preferably paddy rice seed, and more preferably, the seed body 1 is in a non-germinated state. Thereby, the coated seed 10 can be stored at room temperature for two months. In addition, early soaking into the soil is possible after sowing, which brings secondary benefits such as controlling weeds and preventing bird damage. [Selection] Figure 1
Description
本考案は被覆種子に関し、具体的には、酸素発生量及び発生環境を改善し、種子の発芽及び初期成育の安定化を図る水稲の湛水土壌中直播栽培用の被覆種子に関する。 The present invention relates to coated seeds, and more specifically, to coated seeds for direct sowing cultivation in flooded soil of paddy rice for improving oxygen generation amount and environment, and stabilizing seed germination and initial growth.
（従来の稲作方法）
我が国では、農業分野においても、その担い手の減少や高齢化が進み、この傾向に対応した技術開発が課題となっている。水稲栽培においても、水田に育てた苗を植える従来の方法（移植栽培）とは異なり、水田に直接種をまいていく栽培方法（直播栽培）の方が、省力・低コスト化、大規模化に適しているため、有望視されている。
(Conventional rice cultivation method)
In Japan, in the agricultural field, the number of players and the aging of the population are increasing, and technology development that responds to this trend is an issue. In paddy rice cultivation, unlike the conventional method of planting seedlings grown in paddy fields (transplanting cultivation), the cultivation method of direct seeding in paddy fields (direct sowing cultivation) saves labor, reduces costs, and increases the scale. Because it is suitable for, it is considered promising.
（従来の直播栽培）
直播栽培は、通常、（１）乾田直播栽培、（２）湛水表層面直播栽培、並びに（３）湛水土壌中直播栽培の３つ方式に大別される。この（３）湛水土壌中直播栽培は、上記（１）及び（２）の栽培方法よりも種子生育の安定化が図られるものとして提唱され、直播栽培の主流となっている。
(Conventional direct sowing cultivation)
Direct sowing cultivation is generally roughly divided into three systems: (1) dry rice direct sowing cultivation, (2) flooded surface direct sowing cultivation, and (3) direct sowing cultivation in flooded soil. This (3) direct sowing cultivation in flooded soil has been proposed as more stable seed growth than the above cultivation methods (1) and (2), and has become the mainstream of direct sowing cultivation.
（従来の湛水土壌中直播栽培）
この湛水土壌中直播栽培は、図２に示すように、種子本体（種籾）１０１に、酸素発生剤（過酸化カルシウム）１０３と結合剤（石膏、図示せず）との混合物（被覆資材）１０２で被覆を施し、この被覆種子１００を湛水土壌中約５〜１０ｍｍの深さに播種する方法である。
(Conventional direct sowing cultivation in flooded soil)
As shown in FIG. 2, this direct sowing cultivation in flooded soil is a mixture (coating material) of an oxygen generator (calcium peroxide) 103 and a binder (gypsum, not shown) on a seed body (seed meal) 101. In this method, the coated seed 100 is sowed at a depth of about 5 to 10 mm in flooded soil.
しかしながら、被覆種子１００が蒔かれた土壌の性質・成分により、被覆資材１０２と土壌との化学反応は均一では無く、被覆種子１００周囲の単位時間当たりの酸素発生量が異なることが散見されている。つまり、一部の圃場によっては、酸素発生量が不足し、水稲の生育が低下するといった問題点がある。 However, the chemical reaction between the coating material 102 and the soil is not uniform due to the nature and components of the soil where the coated seed 100 is sown, and it is found that the amount of oxygen generated per unit time around the coated seed 100 is different. . That is, in some fields, there is a problem that the amount of oxygen generated is insufficient and the growth of paddy rice is reduced.
（先行技術）
酸素発生量の増大を目的とした先行技術として、種子本体を、気泡を含んだゲル膜で被覆したゲル被覆種子が開示されている（例えば、特許文献１〜３を参照）。しかしながら、種子の酸欠を防ぐために気泡の容積を増やせば、播種された水田の水に種子が浮いてしまい、土壌中に根付かせることができない。このため、被覆資材の濃度調整や被覆資材への砂の追加含有など比重調整作業が常につきまとう。
(Prior art)
As a prior art aimed at increasing the amount of oxygen generated, a gel-coated seed in which a seed body is coated with a gel film containing bubbles is disclosed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3). However, if the volume of bubbles is increased to prevent seed deficiency, seeds float in the seeded paddy water and cannot be rooted in the soil. For this reason, the specific gravity adjustment work such as the concentration adjustment of the covering material and the additional inclusion of sand in the covering material is always accompanied.
また、特許文献４では、結合剤を従来の石膏では無く、モリブデン資材やタングステン資材を採用した被覆種子が開示されている。石膏に含まれる成分が種子の苗立ちを低下させるとの知見から得られ、これを改善するための技術である。従って、圃場での酸素発生量の増加・改善を目的としたものでは無い。 Moreover, in patent document 4, the coated seed which employ | adopted molybdenum material and tungsten material instead of the conventional gypsum as a binder is disclosed. It is a technique for improving this obtained from the knowledge that the ingredients contained in gypsum reduce seedling seedling establishment. Therefore, it is not intended to increase or improve the amount of oxygen generated in the field.
本考案は、このような従来の実情に鑑みて提案されたものである。すなわち、本考案は、酸素発生量及び発生環境を改善し、種子の発芽及び初期成育の安定化を図る被覆種子を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been proposed in view of such a conventional situation. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a coated seed that improves the amount of oxygen generation and the generation environment, and stabilizes seed germination and initial growth.
本考案者は、鋭意検討の末、酸素発生剤である過酸化カルシウムの加水反応に着目し、加水反応後に得られる水酸化カルシウム（イオン化）が、土壌の性質・成分との相性によっては、酸素の発生を阻害することに気づき、水酸化カルシウムのプラスイオンを中性化する物質（モンモリロナイト）を被覆資材に更に追加・混合することで、水酸化カルシウムによる酸素発生の阻害が解消され、どの圃場においても効果的に酸素発生量が増大し、種子（稲）の生育促進に繋がることを見出し、本考案を完成するに至った。 After intensive studies, the inventor focused on the hydrolysis reaction of calcium peroxide, an oxygen generator, and the calcium hydroxide (ionization) obtained after the hydrolysis reaction depends on the compatibility with soil properties and components. In addition to adding and mixing a substance that neutralizes calcium hydroxide positive ions (montmorillonite) into the coating material, the inhibition of oxygen generation by calcium hydroxide has been eliminated, which field As a result, it was found that the amount of oxygen generated effectively increases the growth of seeds (rice), and the present invention has been completed.
また、酸素発生剤で種子を被覆処理する際に、通常、出芽直前の「鳩胸状態」まで生育（膨張）させた種子を使用していたが、本考案者は、モンモリロナイトにより上記効能を発揮する被覆資材であれば、膨張前の無催芽状態で被覆しても酸素発生量が十分に得られ生育が持続可能であることを見出し、これにより、被覆種子の保存期間が極めて長期間となることにも想到した。 In addition, when seeds are coated with an oxygen generator, seeds that have been grown (expanded) to “the pigeon breast state” just before emergence are usually used. If it is a coated material, it will be found that even if it is coated in the non-germinated state before expansion, it will be able to obtain a sufficient amount of oxygen generation and sustain growth, and this will result in a very long shelf life for the coated seeds. I also thought.
すなわち、本考案は、少なくとも次の構成・特徴を採用するものである。
（態様１）
種子本体と、前記種子本体を被覆する被覆資材と、を含んだ被覆種子であって、
前記被覆資材は、過酸化カルシウムを含んだ酸素発生剤と、石膏を含んだ結合剤と、に加え、モンモリロナイトを含むことを特徴とする被覆種子。
（態様２）
前記被覆資材で被覆された前記被覆種子の外殻が金平糖状の凹凸部を有することを特徴とする態様１に記載の被覆種子。
（態様３）
前記種子本体が水稲の種子であることを特徴とする態様１又は２に記載の被覆種子。
（態様４）
前記種子本体が無催芽状態であることを特徴とする態様１〜３のいずれかに記載の被覆種子。
（態様５）
前記被覆種子が常温で２ヶ月間保存可能であることを特徴とする態様１〜４のいずれかに記載の被覆種子。
That is, the present invention employs at least the following configurations and features.
(Aspect 1)
A seed coated with a seed body and a coating material for coating the seed body,
Coated seeds characterized in that the coating material contains montmorillonite in addition to an oxygen generator containing calcium peroxide and a binder containing gypsum.
(Aspect 2)
The coated seed according to aspect 1, wherein an outer shell of the coated seed coated with the coating material has a confetti-like uneven portion.
(Aspect 3)
3. The coated seed according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the seed body is a rice seed.
(Aspect 4)
4. The coated seed according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the seed body is in a non-germinated state.
(Aspect 5)
The coated seed according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the coated seed can be stored at room temperature for 2 months.
（酸素発生量の増大及び種子の生育促進）
本考案によれば、酸素発生剤である水酸化カルシウムのプラスイオンを中性化するモンモリロナイトを被覆資材にさらに追加・混合することで、水酸化カルシウムによる酸素発生の阻害が解消され、どの圃場においてもその土壌の性質・成分の影響を受けずに、効果的に酸素発生量が増大し、種子（稲）の生育（出芽及び苗立ち）が促進される。
(Increase in oxygen generation and seed growth promotion)
According to the present invention, the addition of montmorillonite, which neutralizes the positive ion of calcium hydroxide, which is an oxygen generator, is added to and mixed with the coating material, so that the inhibition of oxygen generation by calcium hydroxide is eliminated, and in any field Without being affected by the properties and components of the soil, the oxygen generation amount is effectively increased, and the growth (emergence and seedling establishment) of seeds (rice) is promoted.
（早期入水が可能）
また、モンモリロナイトが被覆資材に追加・混合された被覆種子は、土壌中への播種後、従来の被覆種子に比べて高い生育促進効果を発揮するため、土壌表面（地表）への出芽が確認される前に、該土壌へ入水が可能となる。
(Early water entry is possible)
In addition, coated seeds with montmorillonite added to and mixed with the coating material exhibit a higher growth promoting effect than conventional coated seeds after sowing in the soil, so budding on the soil surface (ground surface) has been confirmed. Before the soil can enter the soil.
（早期入水による副次的な利益）
出芽前の早期の入水は、「雑草の抑制」や「鳥害の防止」といった副次的な利益をもたらす。具体的には、早期（つまり、雑草の未だ少ない圃場）に入水し、即座に除草剤を散布することで、雑草の繁茂を抑制できる。また、地表に目が出る前（出芽前）に、この地表上に水をたたえることで、水面がスズメ等の小鳥類の飛来を妨げるため、小鳥類から土壌中の種子を防護することができる。つまり、小鳥類による食害の防止に繋がる。
(Secondary benefits from early water entry)
Early water intake before emergence brings secondary benefits such as “weed control” and “bird damage prevention”. Specifically, weeds can be prevented from growing by entering water at an early stage (that is, a field with little weeds) and immediately spraying the herbicide. In addition, the water surface prevents water birds from flying, such as sparrows, so that the seeds in the soil can be protected from the birds by filling the surface with water before the surface appears (before emergence). . That is, it leads to the prevention of food damage by small birds.
以下、本考案を図面に示す実施の形態に基づき説明するが、本考案は、下記の具体的な実施形態に何等限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, although the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.
本考案の実施例では、種子にイネ科の種子を採用した例について説明する。図１の（ａ）及び（ｂ）は、本実施例の被覆種子の断面構造の概略及び外観写真を示す。一方、図２の（ａ）及び（ｂ）は、従来（比較例）の被覆種子の断面構造の概略及び外観写真を示す。 In an embodiment of the present invention, an example in which a grass seed is employed as a seed will be described. (A) and (b) of FIG. 1 show the outline and external appearance photograph of the cross-sectional structure of the coated seed of this example. On the other hand, (a) and (b) in FIG. 2 show an outline and a photograph of the appearance of a cross-sectional structure of a conventional (comparative example) coated seed.
イネ科の種子は、浸種の積算温度によってメソコチル（中胚軸）が成長し、根よりも先に芽が動き始め、メソコチルにより発芽が行われる。そして、メソコチルが成長し、多くの酸素が吸収された後に、生涯の生命線となる主根が発根する。 The seeds of Gramineae grow mesocotyl (mesocotyl) depending on the accumulated temperature of soaking, the buds begin to move before the roots, and germination takes place with mesocotyl. Then, after mesocotyl grows and absorbs a lot of oxygen, the main root that becomes the lifeline of life begins.
この事からも、種子の生育には大量の酸素が不可欠である。種子が酸素を取得するには、空気中の酸素と、水中に含まれる溶存酸素と、からの２つの取得ルートがある。ここで、水中での溶存酸素は、空気中の酸素に比べ、同一容積から１／２０の量のみしか得られないため、湛水土壌中直播の水稲栽培では、酸素発生剤を被覆した種子の使用が必須となる。 For this reason, a large amount of oxygen is indispensable for seed growth. In order for seeds to acquire oxygen, there are two acquisition routes from oxygen in the air and dissolved oxygen contained in the water. Here, since dissolved oxygen in water can be obtained only in an amount of 1/20 from the same volume compared to oxygen in the air, in paddy rice cultivation directly sown in flooded soil, the seeds coated with oxygen generators Use is mandatory.
（従来の被覆種子）
図２の（ａ）及び（ｂ）に、従来（比較例）の被覆種子１００の断面構造の概略及び外観写真を示す。従来（比較例）の被覆種子１００は、図２の（ａ）に示すように、種子（種籾）本体１０１に、酸素発生剤（過酸化カルシウム）１０３と結合剤（石膏、図示せず）との混合物（被覆資材）１０２で被覆を施す。なお、種子本体１０１は、播種後に直ぐに出芽するように、水中に十分に浸漬させて「鳩胸状態」にまで膨張した催芽籾が通常使用される。なお、図２（ａ）中の破線で示した内側円が膨張前の種子本体１０１の大きさを示し、実線で示した閉じた曲線が膨張後の種子本体１０１の大きさを示す。ここで、図２（ａ）中、特に膨張した鳩胸部分を符号１０１ａに示す。
(Conventional coated seeds)
2A and 2B show an outline and a photograph of the appearance of a cross-sectional structure of a conventional (comparative example) coated seed 100. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), a conventional (comparative example) coated seed 100 includes an oxygen generator (calcium peroxide) 103 and a binder (gypsum, not shown) on a seed (seed seed) body 101. The mixture (coating material) 102 is coated. As the seed body 101, a germination bud that has been sufficiently immersed in water and expanded to a “pigeon state” so that it will germinate immediately after sowing is usually used. In addition, the inner circle shown with the broken line in Fig.2 (a) shows the magnitude | size of the seed main body 101 before expansion | swelling, and the closed curve shown with the continuous line shows the magnitude | size of the seed main body 101 after expansion | swelling. Here, in FIG. 2 (a), a particularly inflated pigeon breast portion is denoted by reference numeral 101a.
この被覆種子１００を湛水土壌中約５〜１０ｍｍの深さに播種する。ここで、酸素発生剤１０３の加水反応は、以下の式で表現される。 The coated seed 100 is sown at a depth of about 5 to 10 mm in flooded soil. Here, the hydrolysis reaction of the oxygen generator 103 is expressed by the following equation.
すなわち、酸素発生剤１０３である過酸化カルシウムが水と反応することにより、酸素が得られるのだが、同時に、水酸化カルシウムも発生する。本考案者は、この水酸化カルシウムがプラス（陽）にイオン化されており、このプラスイオンが酸素の順調な発生を阻害することに気付いた。 That is, oxygen is obtained by the reaction of calcium peroxide as the oxygen generator 103 with water, but calcium hydroxide is also generated at the same time. The inventor has noticed that this calcium hydroxide is positively ionized, and this positive ion inhibits the smooth generation of oxygen.
具体的には、従来の被覆種子１００が蒔かれた土壌の性質・成分がマイナス（陰）にイオン化されている場合は、水酸化カルシウムのプラスイオンが相殺されるため酸素発生が円滑に進むが、これに対し土壌の性質・成分が水酸化カルシウムと同様にプラス（陽）にイオン化されている場合、又は、土壌の性質・成分のマイナス（陰）のイオン化が弱い場合には、酸素が十分に発生しないことを発見した。 Specifically, when the properties and components of the soil in which the conventional coated seed 100 is sown are ionized negatively (negatively), the generation of oxygen proceeds smoothly because the positive ions of calcium hydroxide are offset. On the other hand, if the soil properties / components are positively ionized in the same way as calcium hydroxide, or if the soil properties / components negative ionization is weak, oxygen is sufficient. Discovered that it does not occur.
このように、従来の被覆種子１００では、これが播種される土壌の性質・成分により、被覆資材１０２と土壌との化学反応は均一では無く、被覆種子１００周囲の単位時間当たりの酸素発生量が異なることが経験上判っている。つまり、一部の圃場によっては、酸素発生量が不足し、水稲の生育が低下する。 As described above, in the conventional coated seed 100, the chemical reaction between the coating material 102 and the soil is not uniform and the amount of oxygen generated around the coated seed 100 per unit time varies depending on the nature and components of the soil to which the seed is seeded. I know from experience. That is, in some fields, the amount of oxygen generated is insufficient and the growth of paddy rice is reduced.
（実施例の被覆種子）
本実施例の被覆種子１０は、種子本体１と、この種子本体１を被覆する被覆資材２と、を含む。ここで、被覆資材２は、従来の被覆種子１００の被覆資材１０２にも同様に含まれていた過酸化カルシウムを含んだ酸素発生剤３と、石膏を含んだ結合剤（図示せず）とを含むが、これに加え、モンモリロナイト４を含む。なお、混入させるモンモリロナイト４は、我が国で産出された良質なモンモリロナイトを選択・採用することが好ましい。
(Coated seed of Example)
The coated seed 10 of the present embodiment includes a seed body 1 and a coating material 2 that coats the seed body 1. Here, the coating material 2 includes an oxygen generating agent 3 containing calcium peroxide and a binder (not shown) containing gypsum, which are also included in the coating material 102 of the conventional coated seed 100. Contains montmorillonite 4 in addition to this. As the montmorillonite 4 to be mixed, it is preferable to select and employ a high-quality montmorillonite produced in Japan.
（モンモリロナイト）
ここで、モンモリロナイトとは酸性白土とも呼ばれるケイ酸塩鉱物の一種である。モンモリロナイトは、マイナスイオンを帯び、有機物を包む（有機物と吸着する）。しかしながら、引き寄せられた有機物とモンモリロナイトとの結合力は強力では無く、プラスイオンを帯びたものと接触すると瞬時にイオン交換を行う。また、イオン交換を一旦行うと吸着した物質を強くは束縛せずに解放できるといった特徴がある。
(Montmorillonite)
Here, montmorillonite is a kind of silicate mineral also called acid clay. Montmorillonite carries negative ions and wraps organic matter (adsorbs with organic matter). However, the binding force between the attracted organic matter and montmorillonite is not strong, and ion exchange is instantaneously performed when it comes into contact with a positive ion. In addition, once ion exchange is performed, the adsorbed substance can be released without being strongly bound.
（モンモリロナイトの混合による作用効果）
本実施例のように、モンモリロナイト４を追加・混合された被覆資材２で被覆された被覆種子１を土壌中に播種し、入水すれば、モンモリロナイト４の強力なマイナスイオンが、酸素発生剤３の上記加水反応によって生ずる水酸化カルシウム（プラスイオン）を囲むように即座に吸着される。つまり、モンモリロナイト４によって、プラスイオンとマイナスイオンとが相殺（中性化）されるため、従来技術で中性化の役割を担っていた土壌の性質・成分に拘わらず、常に、被覆種子１周囲の１日当たりの酸素発生量を増加させることができ、播種された被覆種子１の出芽及び苗立ちの生育の促進及び安定化を図ることができる。
(Functional effects by mixing montmorillonite)
As in this example, when the seed 1 covered with the coating material 2 added and mixed with the montmorillonite 4 is sown in the soil, and the water enters the soil, strong negative ions of the montmorillonite 4 It is immediately adsorbed so as to surround calcium hydroxide (positive ions) generated by the above hydrolysis reaction. In other words, because montmorillonite 4 cancels (neutralizes) positive ions and negative ions, the surroundings of the coated seed 1 always remain, regardless of the nature and components of the soil that played the role of neutralization in the prior art. The amount of oxygen generated per day can be increased, and the germination of the seeded coated seed 1 and the growth of seedling can be promoted and stabilized.
より具体的には、酸素発生剤３のＰＨは１１〜１２と強アルカリ性であり、イネ科の作物に適しないが、モンモリロナイトのＰＨは５〜６であり、これを酸素発生剤３に混合することで、本考案の被覆資材２を中性に降下させることができ、後述の金平糖状の凹凸部６で形成された外殻による早期の被覆資材２の崩壊と相俟って、本考案の被覆種子１の発芽や生育の環境を良好にする。 More specifically, the pH of oxygen generator 3 is strongly alkaline with 11-12, which is not suitable for gramineous crops, but the pH of montmorillonite is 5-6, which is mixed with oxygen generator 3 Thus, the covering material 2 of the present invention can be lowered to the neutral, coupled with the early disintegration of the covering material 2 by the outer shell formed by the confetti-like uneven portion 6 described later, The environment for germination and growth of the coated seed 1 is improved.
（被覆種子の外殻形状）
次に、本考案の被覆種子１の好適な形態についても幾つか説明する。先ず、図１の（ｂ）に示すように、被覆資材２で被覆された被覆種子１０の外殻が「金平糖状」の凹凸部５を有することが好ましい。これにより、被覆種子１０は、播種された土壌との接触面積が増大するため、水分（及び水分中の溶存酸素）の吸収が促進され、従来の被覆種子１００を使用した場合よりも種子本体１の生育（膨張）が早く進み、２〜３日程で被覆資材２のコーティングが崩壊する。
(Outer shell shape of coated seed)
Next, some suitable forms of the coated seed 1 of the present invention will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), it is preferable that the outer shell of the coated seed 10 coated with the coating material 2 has an uneven portion 5 having a “gold flat sugar shape”. Thereby, since the contact area with the seed | inoculated soil increases, the covering seed 10 accelerates | stimulates absorption of a water | moisture content (and dissolved oxygen in water | moisture content), and the seed main body 1 rather than the case where the conventional covering seed 100 is used. The growth (expansion) of the coating progresses rapidly, and the coating of the covering material 2 collapses in about 2 to 3 days.
（種子本体）
また、本考案者は、播種後の被覆種子１０が空気中の酸素と水中の溶存酸素とを効率良く吸収することから、被覆種子１０内の種子本体１に、水中に浸漬させるものの催芽（膨張）前の無催芽籾を使用しても、播種後、メソコチルによる発芽や発根が順調に行われることも発見した。これは重要な発見であり、以下の効果・メリットをもたらす。
(Seed body)
In addition, the inventor of the present invention efficiently absorbs oxygen in the air and dissolved oxygen in water after sowing, so that the seed body 1 in the coated seed 10 germinates (expands) what is immersed in water. ) It was also found that even if the previous non-budded pods were used, germination and rooting with mesocotyl were performed smoothly after sowing. This is an important discovery and brings the following effects and benefits.
（被覆種子の保存期間）
鳩胸状態の催芽籾を種子本体１０１に使用した従来の被覆種子１００では、常温で最長１週間程度しか保存が出来ない。これに対して、上述のように、浸種のみの無催芽状態の種子本体１を採用することにより、種子本体１を被覆資材２で被覆した本考案の被覆種子１０では、２ヶ月程度の長期期間の保存が可能である。従って、農作業の忙しくなる前に、種子本体１に被覆資材２のコーティング作業（被覆）を行って、被覆種子１０を用意しておくことができる。
(Storage period of coated seeds)
The conventional coated seed 100 using the budding breast buds as the seed body 101 can be stored at room temperature only for up to about one week. On the other hand, as described above, in the seed 10 of the present invention in which the seed body 1 is coated with the coating material 2 by adopting the seed body 1 in a non-germination state only by soaking, a long period of about 2 months. Can be stored. Therefore, before the agricultural work becomes busy, the seed body 1 can be coated (coated) with the coating material 2 to prepare the coated seed 10.
このように、本考案の被覆種子１０中の種子本体１は無催芽状態であることが好ましく、これにより、被覆種子１０は常温で２ヶ月間保存可能になる。 Thus, it is preferable that the seed main body 1 in the coated seed 10 of the present invention is in a non-germinated state, so that the coated seed 10 can be stored at room temperature for two months.
（従来技術との対比）
以下の表に従来（比較例）の被覆種子１００と、本考案の被覆種子１０とを対比して、これらの違いを示す。
(Contrast with conventional technology)
The table below shows the difference between the conventional (comparative example) coated seed 100 and the coated seed 10 of the present invention.
表１中の被覆資材の成分、外殻形状、種子本体の状態、保存期間などは上述したとおりであるので、更なる説明は省略する。播種から入水日までの期間も、本考案の被覆種子１０を使用した場合は５〜７日で済み、従来技術を使用した場合の１０〜１４日に比べて十分に短い。入水日までの期間が短ければ、除草剤を散布する期間も早めることができ、雑草繁茂を抑制できる。また、この早期入水により、播種から苗立ちまでの期間も短縮される（２〜３週間）。なお、本考案の被覆種子１０は、従来技術と同様に高い発芽率を有する。 Since the components of the coating material, outer shell shape, seed body state, storage period, etc. in Table 1 are as described above, further explanation is omitted. The period from the sowing to the water entry date is 5-7 days when the coated seed 10 of the present invention is used, and is sufficiently shorter than 10-14 days when the conventional technique is used. If the period until the water entry date is short, the period of spraying the herbicide can be shortened and weed growth can be suppressed. In addition, this early water entry also shortens the period from sowing to seedling establishment (2 to 3 weeks). In addition, the coated seed 10 of the present invention has a high germination rate as in the prior art.
本考案によれば、酸素発生剤である水酸化カルシウムのプラスイオンを中性化するモンモリロナイトを被覆資材にさらに追加・混合することで、水酸化カルシウムによる酸素発生の阻害が解消され、どの圃場においてもその土壌の性質・成分の影響を受けずに、効果的に酸素発生量が増大し、種子（稲）の生育（出芽及び苗立ち）が促進される。 According to the present invention, the addition of montmorillonite, which neutralizes the positive ion of calcium hydroxide, which is an oxygen generator, is added to and mixed with the coating material, so that the inhibition of oxygen generation by calcium hydroxide is eliminated, and in any field Without being affected by the properties and components of the soil, the oxygen generation amount is effectively increased, and the growth (emergence and seedling establishment) of seeds (rice) is promoted.
また、モンモリロナイトが被覆資材に追加・混合された被覆種子は、土壌中への播種後、従来の被覆種子に比べて高い生育促進効果を発揮するため、土壌表面（地表）への出芽が確認される前に、該土壌へ入水が可能となる。この出芽前の早期入水は、「雑草の抑制」や「鳥害の防止」といった副次的な利益をもたらす。 In addition, coated seeds with montmorillonite added to and mixed with the coating material exhibit a higher growth promoting effect than conventional coated seeds after sowing in the soil. Before the soil can enter the soil. This early water entry before emergence brings secondary benefits such as “control of weeds” and “prevention of bird damage”.
従って、本考案の被覆種子は、産業上の利用価値や利用可能性が非常に高い。 Therefore, the coated seeds of the present invention have very high industrial utility value and applicability.
１ 種子本体
２ 被覆資材
３ 酸素発生剤（過酸化カルシウム）
４ モンモリロナイト
５ 被覆種子（被覆資材）の外殻に形成された金平糖状の凹凸部
１０ 本考案（実施例）の被覆種子
１００ 従来（比較例）の被覆種子
１０１ 種子本体
１０１ａ 種子本体において特に膨張した鳩胸部分
１０２ 被覆資材
１０３ 酸素発生剤（過酸化カルシウム）
1 Seed body 2 Coating material 3 Oxygen generator (calcium peroxide)
4 Montmorillonite 5 Coniferous irregularities formed on the outer shell of the coated seed (coating material) 10 Coated seed of the present invention (Example) 100 Conventional (Comparative) coated seed 101 Seed body 101a Particularly expanded in the seed body Pigeon breast part 102 Coating material 103 Oxygen generator (calcium peroxide)
Claims (5)
前記被覆資材は、過酸化カルシウムを含んだ酸素発生剤と、石膏を含んだ結合剤と、に加え、モンモリロナイトを含むことを特徴とする被覆種子。 A seed coated with a seed body and a coating material for coating the seed body,
Coated seeds characterized in that the coating material contains montmorillonite in addition to an oxygen generator containing calcium peroxide and a binder containing gypsum.
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