JP3203580B2 - Process for producing syngas or combustible gas from solid or muddy residue and waste or low quality fuel in a gasification reactor - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The use of these substances is becoming increasingly important as the accumulation of solid or muddy residues and wastes is no longer acceptable. These substances include, for example, crushed lightweight articles of automobiles, plastics, sludges of oils, paints and solvents, and partially dewatered sludge. What is common to these substances is that they contain organic components.

In the case of experiments with so-called vertical gasification reactors, a significant problem arises in the hot gasification of a large number of charges, for example the crushed light components of motor vehicles. Particularly in the case of crushed lightweight components, especially in the case of motor vehicles, it is difficult to introduce this charge uniformly into the gasification zone or primary gas chamber so that the product gas has a sufficiently uniform quality. To solve this problem, there has been an undisclosed effort to shape the charge and then feed it in bulk to a vertical gasification reactor through a conventional fill valve. However, such molding is very expensive and is not yet fully completed.

Other previously private solutions have also failed. According to this solution, the charge is ground, for example, as is known for charging fuel in a flight gasification reactor. This comminution is problematic because residues or waste may contain abrasion resistant materials such as glass, stone, iron and the like. Moreover, this method is very expensive.

Starting from now, the problems underlying the present invention are:
The aim is to ensure that the disposal of difficult-to-handle residues and wastes, including organic constituents, in particular the compacted light-weight constituents of motor vehicles, is as environmentally friendly as possible while obtaining syngas.

To solve this problem, a method with the features of claim 1 is proposed.

 The present invention provides a number of important advantages.

In the pre-heat treatment stage of the charge (pyrolysis treatment), the gaseous and solid components are burnt such that they are necessary for the operation of the flight gasification reactor, especially if the charge is a crushed lightweight component. Or occurs in a ratio of gasifiable substances (about 60% gaseous component and about 40% solids component). Therefore, little burning of other fuels in the primary gas burner is required.

The solid components from the preheat treatment have properties almost like refined coke. The solid charge therefore consists solely of the solid components of the charge to be heat treated, so that, for example, the use of smelting coke can be eliminated during gasification.

Gasification of the charge according to the invention does not produce environmentally destructive substances such as dioxins and nitrogen oxides. This is because in gasification performed under conditions below the theoretical value, dioxin cannot exist and is destroyed at a relatively high gasification temperature. Nitrogen oxides from primary gas combustion are reduced under gasification conditions. Further, in some cases, the resulting metal oxides have a lower degree of oxidation than other uses,
Therefore, it is less toxic.

Impurities such as metals contained in the charge can be separated from the solid components by a conventional separation step after the pre-heat treatment step before the solid components are provided as a charge to the gasification reactor.

The charging of the solid charge into the gasification reactor is greatly simplified and homogenized.

Gasification reactors operating according to the flight flow principle (flight flow gasification reactors) are well known and will therefore not be described here. For example, reference is made to DE 2721047 and EP 0011151.

For use in so-called flight gasification reactors, approx.
A particle size range of 0.001 mm to 5 mm is used. The solid components resulting after the pyrolysis step according to the invention, after the pyrolysis treatment and after the flow gasification, are ground,
The gaseous components which are set by sieving and / or screening, in which the particle size range is narrowed down, should preferably first undergo a condensation stage after the pyrolysis stage. The gas components formed after this condensation step are then further utilized in the process for producing synthesis gas according to the invention. For this purpose, the gaseous component is fed to a gasification reactor or a pyrolysis treatment stage to provide heat for the endothermic pyrolysis or gasification stage, or the product gas generated after the gasification reactor is the synthesis gas. Added as part.

The liquid component resulting after the condensation step may be available to other processes, but may be supplied to a gasification reactor to provide heat for gasification and / or for the endothermic gasification process. In this case, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid component resulting after the pyrolysis stage and the liquid component resulting after the condensation stage are mixed and, depending on the consistency of the mixture, pumps or screw machines are preferably used. You. Suitable feed mechanisms and methods are described, for example, in DE 2721047 and EP 0210.
It is known from the specification of 011151.

A particularly advantageous use of the gas produced according to the invention can be taken from claim 7.

It is also possible to add inorganic residues or wastes to the charge and to remove contaminants contained therein from the residues or wastes in the pyrolysis or gasification stage.

Another variation within the scope of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the block diagram described below (FIG. 1).

In the production method according to the present invention, gasification is generally
It takes place under a pressure of 10 to 100 bar. In principle, high gasification pressures are also possible. Similarly, gasification can be carried out at atmospheric pressure or slightly negative pressure (when using a draft fan).

With respect to the gaseous or liquid components to be supplied to the gasification reactor from the preheat treatment of the charge, it is clear that these gaseous or liquid components may have fine components, in particular solid components in the form of powdery substances. is there.

The components or method steps to be used in accordance with the invention as described above and in the claims and as described in the following examples, are not limited in size, shape, material choice, technical concept and method conditions. Because there are no exceptional conditions,
The selection criteria known in each application are used indefinitely.

Other details, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings.

 In the drawing, FIG. 1 shows a block diagram.

The block diagram shown in FIG. 1 is described in connection with the use of a flight flow gasification reactor. Another method flow is indicated by a dashed line. Only the method steps that are preferably used are additionally enclosed by dashed lines.

According to FIG. 1, the residue or waste containing organic components (hereinafter referred to as charge) is subjected to a pyrolysis stage 101, for example an indirectly heated rotary kiln (cylinder wall temperature up to 900 ° C.). Supplied. In this pyrolysis stage 101,
Without significant oxygen, the charge is heat-treated at a temperature of about 300 to 650 ° C., while being supplied with heat and substantially preventing combustion of the components of the charge. Due to the heat supply, the external gas, the product gas generated after the gasification reactor 102 and / or the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis gas purification stage 104 preferably after the condensation stage 103 connected after the pyrolysis process stage 101 used.

In the pyrolysis stage 101, the intermediate products resulting from the charge are decomposed and delivered as steam (gas component) and coke (solid component). The solid components are sized, if appropriate after the setting of the particle size range in the grinding, sieving and / or sorting stage 105, as appropriate for each type of gasification reactor (gasification reactor 102), for example. It is supplied to the gasification reactor 102 by air pressure. Substances, such as metals, contained in the solid components can be removed in a separation step 106, such as a sieving device, before the solid components are fed to the gasification reactor 102.

The gaseous components produced after the pyrolysis stage 101 are converted into vapors for gasification and / or reaction heat supply to the gasification reactor 10.
2 or first passed to the condensation stage 103. The residual gas separated here and generated under condensing conditions is supplied to a pyrolysis treatment stage 101 for supplying processing heat, preferably after passing through a pyrolysis gas purification device 104. Alternatively or additionally, a pyrolysis gas for providing heat of gasification may be provided to the gasification reactor 102 or may be provided to a product gas stream generated thereafter. In these cases, the pyrolysis gas purifier can be omitted.

The oil (liquid component) generated after the condensation stage 103 is used in another process or introduced into the gasification reactor 102. Especially if this oil is to be gasified with the solid components from pyrolysis stage 101, both components are first purified and
The gasification reactor 102 can be supplied by a pump or a screw machine 107.

The inorganic components generated after the gasification reactor 102 no longer need to accumulate and can be used as a material. The product gas generated after the gasification reactor 102 is generally purified in a gas purification stage 108. The components removed from the product gas are:
It is fed at least as a partial stream to the gasification reactor 102 where it is separated into product gas or inorganic components. The concentrated harmful gas components such as sulfur, salts and heavy metals can be further processed.

The product gas generated after the gas purification step 108 may be burned, possibly in existing power plants or, in some cases, in the pyrolysis treatment step 101, or used as syngas or other combustible gas. can do.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Ledepenning, Karl-Heinz Germany-4285 Lars Felt im Menzing 3 (72) Inventor Vening, Har. , Peter Federal Republic of Germany D-4285 Lars Felt Feltshuitige 11 JP-A-55-70618 (JP, A) JP-A-62-74992 (JP, A) JP-A-62-267526 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB Name) C10J 3/00 C10J 3/58 C10J 3/66

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] Claims 1. An organic component containing oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas and optionally water vapor at 800 ° C to 1700 ° C and possibly higher temperatures using a flight stream gasification reactor. Producing syngas from hard-to-treat solid or muddy residues and wastes, especially crushed lightweight components from automotive applications, a) providing and supplying heat in a heated rotating tube The charge should first be separated into gaseous, especially vaporous, gaseous and solid components under operating conditions by pre-heat treatment, while substantially preventing combustion of the components of the charge, and b) gasification of the solid components As a solid charge, if necessary after separation of useful substances, it is fed to a flight-flow gasification reactor for conversion to synthesis gas, and c) gas components are supplied to provide heat for the endothermic gasification process. At least partially used in the manufacturing process It characterized The method of manufacturing a synthesis gas. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gaseous components produced during the pyrolysis are subjected to a condensation step before the gaseous components are used. 3. The gas component formed after the condensation stage is combined directly with the product gas formed after the gasification reactor as part of the synthesis gas and / or the combustion gas, or is used for the gasification reactor or endothermic process. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the heat is supplied to a pyrolysis stage for supplying heat. 4. The liquid component resulting after the condensation stage is used in a separate process or is fed to a gasification reactor for supplying heat for gasification and / or for the endothermic gasification process. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size range of the solid components produced after the pyrolysis treatment step is reduced by grinding, sieving and / or screening before gasification in the flight-flow gasification reactor. The method according to one of claims 1 to 3. 6. The solid component formed after the pyrolysis treatment step,
5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid components formed after the condensation stage are mixed and fed together to a gasification reactor, preferably by means of a pump or a screw machine. 7. The gaseous product formed after the gasification reactor and possibly after the condensation stage, optionally after removal of any harmful substances (hazardous gas components), is converted to a gaseous fuel. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is used for the operation of a power plant, in particular a district heating power plant. 8. The process as claimed in claim 1, further comprising adding an inorganic residue or waste to the charge.