JP3184911U - Waste treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

A waste treatment that efficiently removes a first component and a second component from oil sludge so that the residue can be treated as industrial waste, and that also extends the life of the entire system including a distillation kettle. Provide a system.
A waste treatment system 1 uses, as waste, a liquid material including a first component having a first boiling point and a second component having a second boiling point higher than the first boiling point. To process. The waste treatment system 1 is loaded with a liquid material, heats the liquid material to a temperature not lower than the first boiling point and lower than the second boiling point, and evaporates the first component to generate a first residue. The first distillation pot 20 and the first distillation in which the first residue is carried in, the first residue is heated to the second boiling point or higher, the second component is evaporated, and the second residue is generated. A shuttle 30. An expansion that suppresses thermal expansion due to heating is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the steam jacket covering the second distillation still 30.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste treatment system, and more particularly to a waste treatment system for treating oil sludge containing crude oil as waste.

An apparatus for concentrating a liquid material containing components such as volatile substances and reusing the components has been proposed. In this method, the liquid is supplied to a distillation kettle, and the distillation kettle is heated to evaporate the liquid component and separate into a concentrated liquid and liquid vapor. The concentrated liquid material is reused as a concentrated liquid material, while the liquid vapor is introduced into a condenser to condense, and at least a part thereof is reused (see Patent Document 1).
A method for treating oil sludge containing crude oil as a liquid material has also been proposed (see Patent Document 2). In general, crude oil is pumped from the deep underground in an oil field, so the crude oil contains sludge such as soil and sand. In the method shown in Patent Document 2, oil sludge containing crude oil is put into a cracking furnace corresponding to a distillation kettle and heated, and oil gas as steam is cooled to obtain light oil.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-194505 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-526033

Crude oil includes at least a first component such as light oil having a first boiling point and a second component such as heavy oil having a second boiling point higher than the first boiling point. In order to remove the first component from the oil sludge, the distillation kettle may be heated to the first boiling point or higher.
However, in order to remove the second component from the oil sludge, the distillation kettle needs to be heated to the second boiling point or higher. Therefore, if the first component and the second component are removed from the oil sludge in one distillation kettle, it is necessary to heat all the oil sludge to the second boiling point or higher, which increases the heating cost of the distillation kettle. . In addition, when a general metal distillation kettle is heated to about the second boiling point, expansion and contraction due to heat of the distillation kettle become intense, and there is a possibility that the life of the entire apparatus including the distillation kettle is shortened.
In particular, in some countries, oil sludge was previously landfilled, but in recent years regulations have become stricter and oil sludge cannot be landfilled as it is. Accordingly, there has been a growing need for a system that removes oil from oil sludge in a labor-saving and efficient manner.
The objective of this invention is providing the system which can remove a 1st component and a 2nd component from oil sludge efficiently, and can process a residue as industrial waste. Another object is to extend the life of the entire system including the still.

The waste treatment system treats a liquid material including a first component having a first boiling point and a second component having a second boiling point higher than the first boiling point.
In the waste treatment system, the liquid material is carried in, heated to a temperature not lower than the first boiling point and lower than the second boiling point, and the first component is evaporated by evaporating the first component. The first distillation kettle to be produced and the first residue are carried in, and the first residue is heated to the second boiling point or higher to evaporate the second component, thereby producing the second residue. And a second distillation kettle.
Further, at least the second distillation still is covered with a steam jacket, and an expansion is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the steam jacket to prevent breakage due to thermal expansion when heated.

According to the present invention, the first component is evaporated from the liquid in the first distillation kettle to produce the first residue. This first residue is carried into a second distillation kettle and the second component is evaporated to produce a second residue. Since the first distillation kettle heats the liquid at a lower temperature than the second distillation kettle, only the first component can be efficiently evaporated from the liquid. Thereby, the substance based on the first component and the substance based on the second component can be efficiently removed from the liquid substance, and the liquid substance after both components are removed can be treated as industrial waste.
In addition, by providing an expansion on the outer peripheral surface of the steam jacket that covers the second distillation kettle, even if the second distillation kettle is heated to the second boiling point or higher, the steam jacket is damaged by expansion and contraction due to heat. Can be prevented. Thereby, the lifetime of the whole system including the still can be prolonged.

It is a figure which shows the whole structure of a waste disposal system. It is the schematic which shows the structure of a 1st processing apparatus. It is sectional drawing which looked at the 1st distillation pot shown in FIG. 2 from A1 direction. It is the figure which looked at the scraper member 5 from the A2 direction of FIG. It is the figure which looked at one scraper member from the A3 direction of FIG. It is sectional drawing of a 2nd distillation kettle and a steam jacket. It is sectional drawing of a mechanical seal.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a waste treatment system 1. The waste to be treated by the waste treatment system 1 is a liquid material, specifically oil sludge, which is pumped together with crude oil when the crude oil is pumped from the deep underground of the oil field. Is composed of about 80% by weight of water, about 15% by weight of oil, and about 5% by weight of soil and sand. This oil component contains at least a first component such as light oil having a first boiling point and a second component such as heavy oil having a second boiling point higher than the first boiling point.

As shown in FIG. 1, the waste treatment system 1 includes a first processing device 2 into which a liquid material is carried in, and a liquid material that has been processed by the first processing device 2. The first residue carried out from the processing apparatus 2 is arranged side by side with the second processing apparatus 3 into which the first residue is carried.
The first processing apparatus 2 includes a metal first distillation kettle 20 that evaporates components contained in the liquid by heat treatment, a condenser 10 that cools and condenses the vapor from the first distillation kettle 20, and a condenser A vacuum pump 11 that depressurizes the inside of the first distillation kettle 20 through 10 is provided.
Similarly, the second processing apparatus 3 includes a metal second distillation kettle 30 that evaporates components contained in the liquid by heat treatment, and a condenser that cools and condenses the vapor from the second distillation kettle 30. 10, and a vacuum pump 11 for reducing the pressure in the second distillation still 30 through the condenser 10. The inside of the first and second distillation stills 20 and 30 is depressurized by the vacuum pump 11, and the boiling point at which the components evaporate can be lowered. Thereby, it is suppressed that the excessive heat load is added to the 1st and 2nd distillation pots 20 and 30. FIG. The vacuum pump 11 reduces the pressure in the first and second still tanks 20 and 30 to a state close to vacuum, but the pressure in the first and second still tanks 20 and 30 is close to this vacuum. It is not limited to.

  A low temperature boiler 21 that generates low temperature steam is connected to the first processing apparatus 2, while a high temperature boiler 31 that generates high temperature steam is connected to the second processing apparatus 3. The low temperature steam from the low temperature boiler 21 is a temperature at which light oil can be evaporated under reduced pressure, and is about 150 ° C. On the other hand, the high temperature steam from the high temperature boiler 31 is a temperature at which light oil and heavy oil can be evaporated under reduced pressure. The temperature range of the high temperature steam is about 350 to 500 ° C., but the temperature of the low temperature steam and the high temperature steam is not limited thereto. The low temperature steam from the low temperature boiler 21 is introduced into the first distillation kettle 20, and the high temperature steam from the high temperature boiler 31 is introduced into the heating space 70 around the second distillation kettle 30 described later.

(Operation of waste treatment system)
The oil sludge mined in the oil field is transported to the first distillation kettle 20 by a truck or the like, and is carried into the first distillation kettle 20. When low-temperature steam is introduced into the first distillation kettle 20, liquid components in the first distillation kettle 20, that is, components such as water vapor and light oil evaporate from the oil sludge. The components that become the water vapor and light oil are condensed by the condenser 10 and then separated into water and light oil. Since water and light oil have lighter specific gravity, water and light oil are easily separated. The light oil is reused as fuel for the low-temperature boiler 21. The oil sludge from which water and light oil have been separated is discharged from the first distillation kettle 20 as a first residue containing a component that becomes heavy oil and conveyed to the second distillation kettle 30. Applicant's measurements showed that the first residue had an oil content of about 0.75% by weight.

  High temperature steam is introduced around the second distillation still 30, heavy oil from the first residue in the second still 30, and residual water vapor and light oil not evaporated in the first still 20. The component which evaporates. The components that become the heavy oil, water vapor and light oil are condensed by the condenser 10 and then separated into water, light oil and heavy oil. The specific gravity of water, heavy oil and light oil decreases in this order, and water, heavy oil and light oil are separated. Heavy oil and light oil are reused as fuel for the high-temperature boiler 31. The first residue from which water, heavy oil, and light oil are separated is discharged from the second still 30 as a second residue from which most of the oil and moisture have been removed. The applicant brought the second residue into the testing institution and asked to measure the residual oil, and it was found that the residual oil (n-hexane extract) was less than 0.05% by weight. Therefore, most of the second residue is soil or sand and can be treated as industrial waste.

The water separated in the first distillation pot 20 and the second distillation pot 30 is subjected to oil removal processing in the waste water treatment device 91 and then supplied as makeup water for the cooling device 90. The water cooled by the cooling device 90 is used as the cooling water for circulating cooling of the condenser 10 of the first distillation pot 20 or the mechanical seal 6 described later of the second distillation pot 30 and the condenser 10 as cooling water described later. Is done. Exhaust gas from the low-temperature boiler 21 and the high-temperature boiler 31 is supplied to a scrubber 9 that is a device for processing harmful gas. That is, the water separated from the original oil sludge and the waste water generated from the scrubber 9 are passed through the waste water treatment device 91 and the condenser 10 and the second distillation tank 30 connected to the first distillation pot 20 and the condenser 10 It is recycled at. The oil component separated from the oil sludge is consumed by the low-temperature boiler 21 and the high-temperature boiler 31 that can be reused as crude oil or can use waste oil.
The exhaust heat from the second distillation pot 30 may be supplied to the low temperature boiler 21. Moreover, you may generate electric power using the waste heat from the low temperature boiler 21 or the high temperature boiler 31. FIG.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the first processing apparatus 2. As described above, the first processing apparatus 2 includes the first distillation pot 20, the condenser 10, and the vacuum pump 11 that depressurizes the inside of the first distillation pot 20 through the condenser 10. A mist catcher 22 that captures impurities contained in the vapor from the first distillation still 20 is provided between the first still 20 and the condenser 10. The oil and moisture condensed by heat exchange in the condenser 10 are separated into light oil and moisture by the oil / water separator 23. A steam jacket 7 to be described later is attached to the bottom surface of the first distillation pot 20, and a steam supply pipe 23 for supplying low temperature steam and the first distillation pot 20 are heated to the bottom of the steam jacket 7. A steam discharge pipe 24 is provided for discharging later low-temperature steam.

The first distillation still 20 has a longitudinal direction substantially horizontal, and a rotating shaft 4 extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction is provided inside. Both end portions of the rotating shaft 4 are rotatably fitted to both end portions of the first distillation still 20, and a sprocket 41 is provided at one end portion of the rotating shaft 4. A motor M that rotates the rotating shaft 4 is provided below the steam jacket 7, and the rotational driving force of the motor M is sprocket 41 and the rotating shaft 4 by a chain 42 that is hung between the motor M and the sprocket 41. Is transmitted to.
In the first distillation still 20, a frame 53 is attached to the rotary shaft 4 along the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of stirring blades 40 and a scraper member 5 are integrally provided on the frame 53. The stirring blade 40 rotates about the rotation shaft 4 and stirs the oil sludge so that the temperature of the oil sludge in the first distillation still 20 becomes uniform.

The scraper member 5 is attached to the frame body 53 and extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rotation shaft 4, a mounting plate 52 attached to the tip of the support rod 51, and the mounting plate 52 A plate-shaped scraper 50 that is attached and has a leading end approaching the inner peripheral surface 25 of the first distillation still 20 is configured. The scraper member 5 scrapes off the oil sludge adhering to the inner peripheral surface 25 by rotating integrally with the rotating shaft 4.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the first still 20 shown in FIG. 2 as viewed from the A1 direction. The first distillation still 20 has a substantially circular cross section, and oil sludge is carried into the lower side of the rotating shaft 4. That is, a marginal space filled with steam from the oil sludge is formed in the upper side of the first distillation still 20 with the oil sludge being carried in.
The steam jacket 7 is made of metal and has a semicircular cross section with the bulge facing downward. A heating space 70 is formed between the steam jacket 7 and the first distillation still 20. Low temperature steam is supplied into the heating space 70, and the first distillation still 20 is indirectly heated. Due to the indirect heating by the steam, at least the lower side of the first distillation still 20 is heated substantially uniformly.

4 is a view of the scraper member 5 as viewed from the direction A2 in FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 is a view of one scraper member 5 as viewed from the direction A3 in FIG. Three scraper members 5 are provided radially around the rotation shaft 4, and the three scraper members 5 are provided at substantially equal angular intervals. The scraper 50 and the stirring blade 40 are inclined with respect to the rotating shaft 4 in the longitudinal direction. The number of scraper members 5 is not limited to three.
The oil sludge is carried in substantially parallel to the rotating shaft 4 from the end portion (see FIG. 2) where the sprocket 41 of the first distillation still 20 is provided. Since the scraper 50 and the stirring blade 40 are inclined with respect to the rotation shaft 4, when the rotation shaft 4 rotates, the oil sludge carried into the first distillation still 20 and the inner periphery of the first distillation still 20 by the scraper 50 are used. The oil sludge scraped off from the surface 25 is conveyed toward the other end of the first still 20 so as to draw a spiral with respect to the rotating shaft 4. A door (not shown) for taking out the conveyed first residue is provided at the other end of the first distillation still 20.
In addition, the 2nd processing apparatus 3 has the structure similar to the 1st processing apparatus 2, and processes a 1st residue.

However, the second still 30 of the second processing apparatus 3 is heated to a higher temperature than the first still 20. The entire peripheral surface of the second distillation pot 30 is covered with the steam jacket 7 in order to heat the whole (see FIG. 6). In this case, since distillation proceeds in the second distillation vessel 30, the peripheral surface of the second distillation vessel 30 is substantially equal to the distillation temperature. However, since high-temperature steam is introduced into the heating space 70, the steam jacket 7 is easily deformed by thermal expansion. In particular, the outer side of the steam jacket 7 may be covered with a heat insulating material, which is more easily deformed by metal. In view of this, the following device has been devised for the steam jacket 7 covering the second distillation still 30.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the second distillation still 30 and the steam jacket 7, in which the internal rotary shaft 4, the frame 53, the stirring blade 40 and the scraper member 5 are omitted. Since the steam jacket 7 covers the entire outer peripheral surface of the second distillation pot 30, the steam jacket 7 and the second distillation pot 30 have a structure like a double circle in a side sectional view. . An expansion 32 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the steam jacket 7 covering the second distillation kettle 30 so as to protrude outward by deep drawing or the like, thereby increasing the rigidity of the steam jacket 7. Thereby, even if the second distillation still 30 is heated to a high temperature, it is possible to prevent the steam jacket 7 from being damaged due to expansion and contraction due to heat. Thereby, the lifetime of the 2nd processing apparatus 3 whole containing the 2nd distillation pot 30 can be prolonged.
If the heating space 70 has a margin, the expansion 32 may protrude inward from the outer peripheral surface of the steam jacket 7.

In addition, since the inside of the second distillation pot 30 is depressurized, the effect of depressurization is diminished if outside air enters the second distillation pot 30 carelessly. In view of this point, as described above, the end portion of the second still 30 is provided with the mechanical seal 6 that prevents air from entering the second still 30.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the mechanical seal 6, and the right side in FIG. 7 is the outside of the second distillation still 30. The mechanical seal 6 is made of metal, for example, stainless steel, and includes a water-cooled cooling box 60 attached to the second distillation still 30. A through-hole 61 through which the rotating shaft 4 passes is formed in the center of the cooling box 60. Since the mechanical seal 6 itself has a known general configuration including an O-ring or the like, a detailed description is omitted.

  A jacket portion 8, which is a space through which cooling water flows, is provided on a part of the peripheral surface of the cooling box 60, and a cooling water inlet 80 and a cooling water outlet 81 are provided on the jacket portion 8. The cooling water inlet 80 and the cooling water outlet 81 are separated from each other by about 180 ° C. across the rotating shaft 4, and the cooling water flowing from the cooling water inlet 80 is drained from the cooling water outlet 81 through the jacket portion 8. Thereby, the cooling box 60 is water-cooled.

When the stirring blade 40 and the scraper member 5 rotate with the rotary shaft 4, the first residue is conveyed along the longitudinal direction of the second distillation still 30.
At this time, since the second distillation still 30 is heated to a high temperature, the metal cooling box 60 also has a high temperature. When the cooling box 60 reaches a high temperature, the O-ring or the like contained therein is thermally damaged or damaged, and the function of the mechanical seal 6 is impaired. In order to prevent this, the mechanical seal 6 is cooled by cooling water flowing in the jacket portion 8. The mechanical seal 6 may be provided in the first distillation kettle 20. The mechanical seal 6 may be air-cooled.

According to the waste treatment system 1 of the present embodiment, a component that becomes light oil or the like from oil sludge is evaporated in the first distillation pot 20 to generate a first residue. This 1st residue is carried in into the 2nd distillation pot 30, and the component used as heavy oil etc. is evaporated, and a 2nd residue is produced | generated. Since the first distillation pot 20 heats oil sludge at a temperature lower than that of the second distillation pot 30, only components that become light oil and the like from the oil sludge can be efficiently evaporated. Thereby, light oil, heavy oil, etc. can be removed efficiently.
Further, by providing the expansion 32 on the outer peripheral surface of the steam jacket 7 covering the second distillation kettle 30, even if the inside of the second distillation kettle 30 is heated to the second boiling point or higher, the steam jacket 7 Damage due to thermal deformation can be prevented. Thereby, the lifetime of the 2nd processing apparatus 3 containing the 2nd distillation pot 30 and the steam jacket 7, and by extension, the waste treatment system 1 whole can be made lasting.
As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was explained in full detail, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various deformation | transformation implementation is possible within the range of the summary of this invention.

  The present invention is useful when used in a waste treatment system for treating oil sludge containing petroleum crude oil.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste processing system 2 1st processing apparatus 3 2nd processing apparatus 5 Scraper member 6 Mechanical seal 7 Steam jacket 20 1st distillation pot 30 2nd distillation pot 32 Expansion

Claims (6)

A waste treatment system for treating a liquid material containing a first component having a first boiling point and a second component having a second boiling point higher than the first boiling point as waste,
The first distillation in which the liquid material is carried in, the liquid material is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the first boiling point and lower than the second boiling point, and the first component is evaporated to generate a first residue. With a kettle,
A second distillation kettle that carries in the first residue, heats the first residue to the second boiling point or higher, evaporates the second component, and generates the second residue; Waste disposal system.   The waste according to claim 1, wherein at least the second distillation still is covered with a steam jacket, and an expansion is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the steam jacket to prevent breakage due to thermal expansion when heated. Processing system.   A rotary shaft that extends in one direction and fits into the end of the distillation kettle is provided inside each distillation kettle, and a stirring blade for stirring the liquid material or the first residue is attached to the rotary shaft. The waste disposal system according to claim 1 or 2.   The waste treatment system according to claim 3, wherein a mechanical seal having a cooling function is provided at least at an end of the second distillation still.   The marginal space filled with the vapor from the liquid material or the first residue is formed in the upper side of each distillation kettle in a state where the liquid material or the first residue is carried in. The waste disposal system described.   The first component includes light oil, the second component includes heavy oil, and the liquid material including the first component and the second component is crude oil sludge. Waste treatment system.

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