JP3184432B2 - Roller bit wear detector - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting wear of a roller bit used in a tunnel boring machine (TBM).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, when a tunnel is excavated in a bedrock, a TBM as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is used.
5 is a perspective view of the TBM, and FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view. The TBM is provided with a cutter head 2 at the forefront end of a main beam 1, and excavates rock and moves forward with the cutter head 2.

[0003] The cutter head 2 has a plurality of roller bits 4 attached in the circumferential direction, and a motor 5 and a gear 6.
And the like. Then, the rotation of the cutter plate 3 causes the roller bit 4 to roll on the surface of the rock in the circumferential direction, and at this time, the rock is crushed by the carbide tip implanted at the tip of the roller bit 4. The crushed rock mass is transported backward by the belt conveyor 7. A support member 10 having a front gripper 8 and a rear gripper 9
Supports the wall surface t of the tunnel T and also corrects the direction.

[0004]

However, the roller bit 4 in the above-mentioned conventional TBM has the following problems. That is, as described above, the roller bit 4 rolls on the surface of the rock in the circumferential direction and breaks the rock with the carbide tip at the tip. However, the hardness of the rock is not uniform, and the hard portion is soft and soft. In the case where the roller bit 4 is mixed, the roller bit 4 itself sometimes does not rotate. In this case, the roller bit 4 rotates in the circumferential direction together with the cutter plate 3 while sliding on the rock surface, and the entire cutter head 2 is pushed in the rock direction by a jack (not shown). The carbide tip at the tip is worn away. Therefore, it is necessary to check the reduction of the carbide tip of the roller bit 4 and replace it if it is worn out more than a predetermined amount.

Conventionally, when checking the reduction of the carbide tip of the roller bit 4, it is common to stop the TBM periodically and make a visual judgment. However, in this case, it is necessary to temporarily suspend the excavation of the tunnel, retreat the TBM, secure a working space on the face, and then go out to the face from the manhole and make a visual judgment. Therefore, there is a problem that the tunnel excavation work must be temporarily interrupted and a problem that the inspector has to perform difficult work. In addition, the frequency of inspection tends to be coarse because the inspection is troublesome and troublesome, and if the reduction of carbide tips is rapid due to the condition of the rock surface, the carbide tips will be planted by the next inspection. There is also a problem that the wear is advanced to the hub that has been used.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a roller bit wear detecting device capable of accurately detecting a worn state of a roller bit while excavating a tunnel.

[0007]

To achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 includes a cemented carbide tip installed in a recess provided in a roller bit mounting base of a tunnel boring machine. A laser oscillator for irradiating the peripheral surface of the roller bit in the radial direction of the roller bit,
It is characterized by comprising a camera for photographing a bright line appearing on the peripheral surface of the roller bit by a laser beam from the laser oscillator, and a monitor for displaying an image of the bright line photographed by the camera.

In the above configuration, the roller bit rolls on the rock with the rotation of the roller bit mounting table, and the rock is broken. Thus, when the tunnel is excavated, the peripheral surface of the roller bit including the carbide tip is irradiated in the radial direction of the roller bit by the laser beam from the laser oscillator. Then, a bright line representing the contour of the cross section of the roller bit appears on the peripheral surface of the roller bit. A bright line appearing on the peripheral surface of the roller bit is photographed by a camera and displayed on a monitor. Thus, the wear of the roller bit is detected by displaying a bright line representing the contour of the cross section of the roller bit on the monitor.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the roller bit wear detecting device according to the first aspect of the present invention, the laser oscillator emits a plane light to change a direction in which the plane of the plane light extends. The invention is characterized in that the roller bit is irradiated as the axial direction of the roller bit.

According to the above configuration, since the laser oscillator irradiates the peripheral surface of the roller bit with the plane light in the axial direction, a bright line representing the cross-sectional contour of the roller bit can be easily obtained.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the roller bit wear detecting device according to the first aspect of the present invention, the roller bit mounting base is a cutter plate, and the laser oscillator and the camera are mounted on the cutter plate. Is provided in the outer peripheral region.

According to the above configuration, the laser oscillator and the camera are installed only in the outer peripheral region of the cutter plate where the roller bit is liable to be worn, and unnecessary cost increase is suppressed.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the roller bit wear detecting device according to the first aspect of the present invention, a transparent plate for closing a concave portion in the roller bit mounting base is provided.
A fluid nozzle for ejecting a fluid to the transparent plate is provided.

In the above configuration, the rock powder falling on the laser oscillator and the camera is blocked by the transparent plate and blown off by the fluid ejected from the nozzle. Thus, the clear image of the bright line is always displayed on the monitor.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments. FIG. 1 is a side view of a roller bit wear detecting device according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a front view. 1 and 2, reference numeral 11 denotes a roller bit, which is attached to a cutter flat plate 12 rotated by a driving device (not shown) by brackets 13, 13.

Both ends of the fixed shaft 14 of the roller bit 11 are fixed to the brackets 13, 13.
A hub 16 is rotatably fitted around the periphery of the hub 4 via bearings 15 and 15. Further, a step portion is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub 16, and the axial center portion protrudes outward by the stop ring 18 and the step portion which are fitted in the grooves formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub 16. A base 17 forming a top is detachably held. A carbide tip 19 is implanted on the top of the base 17.
The configuration of the roller bit 11 described above is basically the same as the configuration of the conventional roller bit.

A hole 21 is formed in the cutter flat plate 12 at a position facing the carbide tip 19 of the roller bit 11,
A semiconductor laser 22 and a CCD (charge-coupled device) camera 23 are provided in the hole 21. The semiconductor laser 22 irradiates the base metal 17 including the carbide tip 19 of the roller bit 11 with plane light. The direction in which the plane of the plane light extends at this time is the direction of the fixed shaft 14 of the roller bit 11. Therefore, on the base 17, due to the reflected light from the portion irradiated with the plane light, a bright line representing the contour of the cross section of the base 17 as shown by the curve c in FIG. 3 appears. This bright line is photographed by the CCD camera 23.

At this time, the position of the CCD camera 23 is perpendicular to the plane of the plane light from the semiconductor laser 22, and the direction of the optical axis is as close as possible to 90 degrees with respect to the plane of the plane light. Can accurately capture the contour of the cross section of the base metal 17.

The hole 21 in which the semiconductor laser 22 and the CCD camera 23 are housed is closed by a glass plate 24 to protect the semiconductor laser 22 and the CCD camera 23 from rock powder. The glass plate 2 in the cutter plate 12
A nozzle 25 is provided near 4. Then, the rock powder adhering to the surface of the glass plate 24 is blown off by the water jetted from the nozzle 25, so that the glass plate 24 is kept transparent. The fluid ejected from the nozzle 25 is not limited to water, but may be air.

As shown in FIG.
The image of the bright line on the base 17 captured by the D camera 23 is input to the image processing unit 31, subjected to a binarization process, and represents a contour of a cross section of the base 17 (hereinafter referred to as a contour line). Image data is obtained. Then, based on the image data, the image display unit 32 superimposes the outline b on the outline a and the outline c indicating the allowable wear range on the monitor 33 as shown in FIG. Will be played. On the other hand, the binary image data from the image processing unit 31 is also sent to the wear determination unit 34. Then, the wear determination unit 34 converts the current outline into a coordinate sequence based on the image data, and the outline representing the allowable wear range stored in the storage unit 35 in advance (the outline c in FIG. 3). From the coordinate sequence of. Then, the degree of deviation at a plurality of coordinates (hereinafter, referred to as reference coordinates) determined in advance as a reference point is compared with a deviation allowable value set in advance for each of the reference coordinates, and the degree of deviation is determined. When the number of coordinates exceeding the allowable value exceeds a predetermined number, it is determined that the wear of the roller bit 11 has reached the limit.

In this way, when the wear determination section 34 determines that the wear of the roller bit 11 has reached the limit,
The wear determination unit 34 sends a message display signal to the image display unit 32, and causes the monitor 33 to display a message indicating that the wear of the roller bit 11 has reached the limit. At the same time, a lamp lighting signal is sent to the warning unit 36 to turn on the warning lamp 37. After a predetermined time has elapsed, the wear determination unit 34 sends a buzzer signal to the warning unit 36 to drive the buzzer 38, and then sends a stop signal to the cutter flat plate driving device 39 to stop the cutter flat plate 12. It is.

As described above, in the present embodiment,
The base metal 17 including the carbide tip 19 of the roller bit 11 is irradiated by the semiconductor laser 22 with plane light, and a bright line representing the cross section of the base metal 17 appearing on the base metal 17 is represented by C
Photographed by the CD camera 23. Then, the bright image binary image data is obtained by the image processing unit 31, and the monitor 33 is displayed by the image display unit 32 based on the image data.
The contour line of the cross section of the base metal 17 is displayed, and the wear determination unit 34 determines that the wear of the roller bit 11 has reached the limit based on the degree of deviation of the contour line from the allowable contour line. I have. Therefore, while excavating the tunnel, the wear state of the roller bit 11 can be automatically and accurately detected based on the shape of the cross section of the base metal 17 and the value of the degree of wear. That is, according to the present embodiment,
Safely and without interrupting tunnel excavation work
The wear of the roller bit 11 can be accurately detected.

The method of determining that the wear of the roller bit 11 has reached the limit by the wear determination unit 34 and the subsequent processing based on the determination result by the wear determination unit 34 are not limited to the above embodiment. Absent. In the above-described embodiment, a bright line representing the cross-sectional contour of the base 17 is obtained by the plane light emitted from the semiconductor laser 22. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and applies the laser beam to the fixed shaft 14 of the roller bit 11.
The bright line may be obtained by scanning at a high speed in the direction of. In the above embodiment, the bright line appearing on the base 17 is photographed by the CCD camera 23. However, the bright line may be photographed by a television camera and the bright line may be directly displayed on a monitor. Further, the semiconductor laser 22 and the CCD camera 23 do not need to be provided for all the roller bits 11 and may be provided only for the outer roller bits 11 where wear is severe.

[0024]

As apparent from the above description, the roller bit wear detecting device according to the first aspect of the present invention has a laser oscillator provided in a concave portion provided on a roller bit mounting base.
Since a clear line representing the outline of the cross section that appeared on the peripheral surface of the roller bit by the laser beam from the laser oscillator is photographed by a camera and displayed on a monitor, a specific cross section of the roller bit displayed on the monitor is displayed. The wear state of the roller bit can be detected based on the contour. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately detect the wear state of the roller bit while excavating the tunnel.

Further, the laser oscillator in the roller bit wear detecting device according to the second aspect of the present invention irradiates the roller bit with the direction of extension of the plane of the emitted flat light as the axial direction of the roller bit. A bright line representing the contour of the cross section of the roller bit can be easily obtained.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the roller bit wear detecting device, the laser oscillator and the camera are provided.
Since the laser oscillator and the camera are installed only in the outer peripheral region of the cutter plate where the roller bit is liable to be worn, since the laser oscillator and the camera are installed in the outer peripheral region of the cutter plate, unnecessary cost increase can be suppressed.

In the roller bit wear detecting device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the concave portion of the roller bit mounting base is closed with a transparent plate and a fluid nozzle jets a fluid to the transparent plate. And the rock powder falling on the camera can be removed. Therefore, according to the present invention, the clear image of the bright line can be always displayed on the monitor.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a roller bit wear detecting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the roller bit wear detecting device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an outline of a base metal of a roller bit in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an apparatus for processing an image obtained by the CCD camera in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a TBM.

6 is a vertical sectional view of the TBM shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

11: roller bit, 12: cutter flat plate, 16: hub, 17: base metal,
18 Stop ring 19 Carbide tip 22 Semiconductor laser 23 CCD
Camera, 24: Glass plate, 25: Nozzle, 31: Image processing unit, 32: Image display unit, 33: Monitor, 34: Wear determination unit, 35: Storage unit, 36 ...
Warning section 39, cutter flat plate drive.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21B 12/02 E21B 10/08-10/12 E21D 9/08

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A laser oscillator installed in a recess provided in a roller bit mounting table of a tunnel boring machine and irradiating a peripheral surface of the roller bit including a carbide tip in a radial direction of the roller bit. A roller for photographing a bright line appearing on the peripheral surface of the roller bit by a laser beam from the laser oscillator; and a monitor for displaying an image of the bright line photographed by the camera. Bit wear detector. 2. The roller bit wear detecting device according to claim 1, wherein the laser oscillator emits planar light, and the extending direction of the plane of the planar light is set as an axial direction of the roller bit. A wear detecting device for a roller bit, wherein the bit is irradiated. 3. The roller bit wear detecting device according to claim 1, wherein the roller bit mounting base is a cutter plate, and the laser oscillator and the camera are installed in an outer peripheral area of the cutter plate. A wear detecting device for roller bits, characterized in that: 4. The roller bit wear detecting device according to claim 1, further comprising: a transparent plate that closes a concave portion of the roller bit mounting base; and a fluid nozzle that ejects a fluid to the transparent plate. Roller bit wear detector.