JP3179035B2 - Electro-sensitive working medium and method of using the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electro-sensitive working medium flowing when a direct current voltage is applied, and a method of using the same.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is known that when an electric field is applied to an insulating liquid, the characteristics of the liquid vary depending on the type of the liquid. For example, a liquid crystal applies a voltage to a liquid crystal compound in a liquid crystal layer that is intermediate between a solid layer and a liquid layer,
A visible image or the like is formed by controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal compound and the like to adjust the light transmittance. However, even when an electric field is formed in the liquid crystal compound, the liquid crystal compound regulated by the alignment plate is not released from such regulation and does not flow freely.

[0003] In addition, there is also known a liquid which exhibits an effect (an electrorheological effect or a Winslow effect) that characteristics such as viscosity of the liquid are changed by applying a voltage. However, the electrorheological effect or the Winslow effect is a heterogeneous system in which silica gel, cellulose, kazain, a polystyrene-based ion exchange resin, etc. are blended with insulating oil, and these blended components (solids) are dispersed. Due to its low stability during storage.

Further, lubricants having an electrorheological effect have been proposed as lubricating oils for automobiles and the like, but these lubricants are actually heterogeneous and have a problem in stability during storage and the like.

Further, JP-A-6-57274 and JP-A-6-73390 disclose an invention of an electrosensitive composition in which a specific fluorine compound is blended with an insulating oil.

[0006] However, the compositions described in these publications are both mixtures of insulating oil and a specific fluorine compound. As a worldwide trend, the use of fluorine compounds has been shunned.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an electro-sensitive working medium which flows when a DC voltage is applied, and a method of using the same.

More specifically, the present invention relates to an electro-sensitive device, wherein the electric energy causes a flow of a medium by applying a DC voltage, and the flow of the medium can be extracted as mechanical energy such as rotational energy. It is intended to provide a working medium and a method of using the same.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION As shown in FIG. 1, the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention has a conductivity σ on the abscissa and a viscosity η on the ordinate, and shows the relationship between the conductivity σ and the viscosity η of the fluid at the operating temperature. In the graph showing the relationship, conductivity σ = 4 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m, viscosity η
= 1 × 10 ⁰ Pa · s, point P, conductivity σ = 4 × 10
Point Q represented by ^-10 S / m, viscosity η = 1 × 10 ^-4 Pa · s, conductivity σ = 5 × 10 ^-6 S / m, viscosity η = 1 × 10 ^-4 Pa · s Conductivity σ located inside a right triangle having the point R as a vertex
And a compound having a viscosity η or a mixture of two or more compounds prepared so as to have a conductivity σ and a viscosity η located inside the triangle.

That is, in the graph showing the relationship between the electrical conductivity σ and the viscosity η at the medium operating temperature shown in FIG. 1, the electro-sensitive operating medium of the present invention is represented by the points P, Q and R in Table 1 below. A compound having a viscosity and a conductivity located inside a right triangle having a vertex, or a compound which may not be located alone inside the right triangle, is mixed, and the conductivity σ of the mixture and The mixture is adjusted so that the viscosity η is located inside the triangle.

[0011]

[Table 1]

Further, the method of using the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention is to form an electric field between a positive electrode and a negative electrode in a container filled with the electro-sensitive working medium specified in Table 1 or Table 2 described below. In this case, at least a part of the electro-sensitive working medium is caused to flow in a direction regulated in the above.

When an electric field is applied to a certain insulating liquid (the "electrically responsive working medium" in the present invention), an electric force is generated inside the fluid due to the non-uniformity of conductivity and dielectric constant. .
In a DC electric field, a Coulomb force acting on a free charge becomes more dominant than a dielectrophoretic force, and this Coulomb force causes hydrodynamic instability and generates convection or secondary flow of an electro-sensitive working medium. This phenomenon is known as electrohydrodynamics (Ele
ctrohydrodynamic) effect (EHD effect).

The present inventor has found that by utilizing the EHD effect, electrical energy can be easily converted into mechanical energy, and the EHD effect can be easily converted.
We succeeded in specifying an insulating liquid that could produce an effect.
That is, although the electro-sensitive working medium used in the present invention is essentially an insulating liquid, a very small amount of current flows when an electric field is applied. When the DC voltage is applied as described above, the electro-sensitive working medium moves by the EHD effect, and a moving flow is formed by the movement of the electro-sensitive working medium. The strength (or amount) of this moving flow varies depending on the applied DC voltage. Therefore, by capturing the movement of the electro-sensitive working medium and taking it out, the electric energy can be converted into mechanical energy and used.

The present inventor has speculated that the movement of the electro-sensitive working medium in the present invention is due to the EHD effect. The present inventors presume that the “EHD effect” is the most appropriate, and does not conclude that the phenomenon occurring in the present invention is due to the “EHD effect”.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Next, the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention and a method of using the electro-sensitive working medium, and particularly, a method of using the electro-sensitive working medium as a medium for converting electric energy into mechanical energy. This will be specifically described.

The present inventor has proposed an SE type ECF motor and an RE type E driven by applying a DC voltage between the electrodes.
An application for an electro-sensitive working medium usable for a CF motor has already been filed (see Japanese Patent Application Nos. 8-16871, 8-16872 and 8-76259). However, the mechanism by which the insulating liquid flows by applying a DC voltage to the insulating liquid was almost unknown, so that the so-called general insulating liquids were structurally divided into groups, and the SE-type ECF motor or the RE-type E was used.
A group of compounds that can be actually driven by driving using a CF motor was found, and these compound groups were defined. Compounds that can be used as an electro-sensitive working medium need to have a specific structure, but as a result of further studies, the performance of the electro-sensitive working medium indicates that the performance as an electro-sensitive working medium is conductive. The effect of rate and viscosity was found to be very large.

In general, when a liquid called an insulating liquid is measured for electric conductivity σ and viscosity η at an electric field strength of 2 kVmm ^-1 and a temperature of 25 ° C., these insulating liquids are as shown in FIG. Distributed.

When the SE type ECF motor and the RE type ECF motor are driven by using these insulating liquids, the insulating liquids include those which can drive the motor and those which cannot. There is. In FIG.
A fluid that can drive the SE-type ECF motor and the RE-type ECF motor is represented by ◆, and a fluid that cannot be driven is represented by ◇.

The graph of FIG. 1 in which the vertical axis represents viscosity and the horizontal axis represents electrical conductivity of the insulating liquid as the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention is shown in FIG. A compound having viscosity and conductivity located inside a right triangle having the following points P, Q and R as vertices, or two or more compounds prepared so as to have viscosity and conductivity located inside this triangle Is a mixture comprising the compounds of

[0021]

[Table 2]

In Table 2, the points P ⁰ , Q ⁰ , R
⁰ indicates a particularly preferable range in the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention. The electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention is:
Substantially insulating liquid, the conductivity σ of such liquid insulating liquid, the electric field strength 2KVmm ^-1, when measured at a temperature 25 ° C., usually ^{1 × 10 -1 S / m~1 ×} 10 - ^The electro-sensitive working medium in the range of ¹⁷ S / m but usable in the present invention is:
This conductivity σ is 4 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m or more and 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ S / m or less, preferably 5 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m or more and 2.5 × 10 ⁻⁶ S / m.
The following insulating liquids are used. Furthermore, the insulating liquid used as the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention usually has a viscosity η.
Is 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s or more and 1 × 10 ⁰ Pa · s or less,
Preferably it is 2 × 10 ^-4 Pa · s or more and 8 × 10 ^-1 Pa · s or less.

The reason why the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention has the above-described electric conductivity and viscosity is not necessarily clear, but is considered as follows. In an SE-type ECF motor or an RE-type ECF motor to be described later, an important factor governing the rotational motion is the conductivity of the liquid. Free electric charge is required for electric motoring to occur in a liquid in a DC electric field. The cause of the generation of this free charge is the dissociation of neutral molecules and the injection of charge from the electrode, and the insulating liquid having an electric conductivity within the above range is free charge when used as an electro-sensitive working medium in the present invention. Is generated, and it is considered that the electro-sensitive working medium flows due to the free charge when a DC voltage is applied. It is also believed that the viscosity of the electro-sensitive working medium affects the efficiency of transferring the moving flow of the medium and the kinetic energy of the moved medium to the rotor.

Examples of the compound having the above-mentioned properties by itself as the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention include: (1) dibutyl adipate (DBA) (σ = 3.01 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m, η) = 3.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s), (6) Triacetin (σ = 3.64 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m, η = 1.4 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s),

[0025]

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(11) Butyl cellosolve acetate (σ = 2.10 × 10 ⁻⁸ S / m, η = 7.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s), (12) Butyl carbitol acetate (σ = 5.20 × 10 ⁻⁸ S / m, η = 1.7 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s), (13) 3-methoxy-3-methylbutyl acetate (Solfit AC) (σ = 8.30 × 10 ⁻⁸ S / m, η = 6.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s), (14) dibutyl fumarate (DBF) (σ = 2.65 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m, η = 3.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s) s), (17) Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) (σ = 1.56 × 10 ⁻⁷ S / m, η = 6.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s),

[0027]

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(18) Methyl acetyl ricinolate (MAR-N) (σ = 1.30 × 10 ⁻⁸ S / m, η = 1.3 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s),

[0029]

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(20) dibutyl itaconate (DBI) (σ = 1.46 × 10 ⁻⁸ S / m, η = 3.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s),

[0031]

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(23) 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (trade name: Kyowanol D) (σ = 6.24 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m, η = 4.0) × 10 ^-3 Pa · s),

[0033]

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(26) Propylene glycol ethyl ether acetate (trade name: BP-ethoxypropyl acetate) (σ = 3.10 × 10 ⁻⁸ S / m, η = 6.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s),

[0035]

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(27) 9,10-Epoxybutyl stearate (trade name: Sansosizer E-4030) (σ = 5.46 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m, η = 2.0 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s) ),

[0037]

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(28) Dioctyl terolahydrophthalate (trade name: Sansocizer DOTP) (σ = 6.20 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m, η = 4.0 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s), (33) ) 1-ethoxy-2-acetoxypropane (σ = 4.41 × 10 ⁻⁷ S / m, η = 4.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s), (35) linalyl acetate (σ = 1.82 × 10 ^-9 S / m, η = 1.3 × 10 ^-3 Pa · s)

[0039]

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(36) Dibutyl decandioate (σ = 1.35 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m, η = 7.0 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s).

Furthermore, when a plurality of media are used in combination as the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention, the conductivity and viscosity of the resulting mixture are:
In FIG. 1, the position may be within a triangle defined by points P, Q and R.

That is, the relationship between the electric conductivity and the viscosity is such that even if the electric conductivity and / or the viscosity of each compound is not within the above range, a plurality of compounds are mixed and the electric conductivity of this mixture is determined. When the viscosity is within the above range, the composition can be used as the electro-sensitive working medium in the present invention.

For example, neither 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (trade name; Kyowanol M) (σ
= 6.80 × 10 ⁻⁸ S / m, η = 1.2 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s) and 2-ethylhexyl palmitate (trade name: Exepearl EH)
−P) (σ = 2.60 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m, η = 9.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa ·
s) with a 1: 4 weight ratio (σ = 2.6).
0 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m, η = 9.8 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s) can be used as an electro-sensitive working medium, and DAM ( Diallyl Maleate)
(Σ = 7.8 × 10 ⁻⁷ S / m, η = 2.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s) and butyl stearate (trade name: Exepearl BS) (σ =
3.1 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m, η = 8.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s) and 1: 4
(Σ = 4.17 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m, η)
= 5.0 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s) can also be used as the electro-sensitive working medium.

Examples of such a mixture include: (37) Trade name; Kyowanol-M: trade name; Exepearl EH-P = 1: 4 mixture (Kyouwanol-M = 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3 , -Pentanediol monoisobutyrate Exepearl EH-P = Butyl stearate (σ = 2.60 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m, η = 9.8 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s), (38) DAM: Product Name: Exepearl BS = 1: 4 mixture DAM = diallyl maleate Exepar BS = butyl stearate (σ = 4.17 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m, η = 5.0 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s) Can be.

Further, the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention only needs to have the above-described conductivity and viscosity under the conditions in which the electro-sensitive working medium is used. Ethylhexylbenzyl phthalate (trade name; Plasizer B-8) has a conductivity and a viscosity measured at 25 ° C. of 1.10 × 10 ⁻⁸ S / m and a viscosity η of 7.8 ×. It is 10 ^-2 Pa · s, and even when a DC current of 6 kV is applied at 25 ° C., the SE-type ECF motor or the RE-type ECF motor cannot be driven. However, the dielectric constant σ of 2-ethylhexylbenzyl phthalate at 100 ° C., which is a heating body (39) obtained by heating 2-ethylhexylbenzyl phthalate of compound number (15) to 100 ° C., is 9.90 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m And the viscosity η is 3.5 × 1
0 ^-2 Pa · s. At 100 ° C, 6
When a DC current of kV is applied, the SE-type ECF motor or the RE-type ECF motor can be driven.

The above-mentioned electric conductivity and viscosity are measured at room temperature, and it is known that the respective physical property values differ depending on the temperature. The relationship between the above conductivity and the range of the viscosity does not depend on the temperature. That is, at room temperature, even if the compound is not within the above range, when the use temperature is high or low temperature, if the conductivity and viscosity of the electro-sensitive working medium at the use temperature are within the above range,
It can be used as an electro-sensitive working medium. For example, the above-mentioned 2-ethylhexylbenzyl phthalate (trade name; Plyser B-8) has a σ = 1.10 at room temperature.
× 10 ⁻⁸ S / m, η = 7.8 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s, which is not within the above range, but at 100 ° C., σ = 9.90 × 10 ⁻⁹ S / m
m, η = 3.5 × 10 ^-2 Pa · s, and this 2-ethylhexylbenzyl phthalate (trade name; Plyzer B-8)
At room temperature, it cannot be used as an electro-sensitive working medium, but at least at 100 ° C., it can be used as an electro-sensitive working medium.

On the other hand, the compounds described below have their respective viscosities η and conductivity σ at room temperature (25 ° C.) which are not within the triangles represented by points P, Q and R in FIG. At 25 ° C., these compounds alone cannot drive SE-type or RE-type ECF motors.

(2) Tributyl citrate (TBC) (σ = 5.71 × 10 ⁻⁷ S / m, η = 2.0 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s) (3) Monobutyl maleate (MBM) ( σ = 2.60 × 10 ⁻⁵ S / m, η = 2.0 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s) (4) Diallyl maleate (DAM) (σ = 7.80 × 10 ⁻⁷ S / m, η) = 2.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s) (5) Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) (σ = 3.90 × 10 ⁻⁷ S / m, η = 1.2 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s) (7) Ethyl cellosolve acetate (σ = 7.30 × 10 ⁻⁵ S / m, η = 9.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s) (8) Ethyl-2- (2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate (σ = 6. 24 × 10 ⁻⁷ S / m, η = 1.4 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s) (9) 1,2-diacetoxyethane (σ = 2.00 × 10 ⁻⁶ S / m, η = 1. (5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s) (10) Triethylene glycol diacetate (σ = 5.20 × 10 ⁻⁷ S / m, η = 8.1 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s) (15) 2-ethylhexyl Benzyl phthalate (trade name; Plasizer B-8) ^{σ = 1.10 × 10 -8 S /} m, η = 7.8 × 10 -2 Pa · s) (19) 2- ethylhexyl palmitate (trade name: Exceparl EH-P) (σ = 2.60 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m, η = 9.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s) (21) Polyethylene glycol monooleate (trade name: Emanone 4110) (σ = 3.75 × 10 ⁻⁷ S / m, η) = 8.0 × 10 ^-2 Pa · s) (22) Butyl stearate (trade name: Exepearl BS) (σ = 3.10 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m, η = 8.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s) s) (24) 2,2-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (trade name; Kyowanol M) (σ = 6.80 × 10 ⁻⁸ S / m, η = 1.2 × 10 ^-2 Pa · s) (25) Propylene glycol monoethyl ether (σ = 6.24 × 10 ⁻⁵ S / m, η = 8.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s) (29) Tributyl phosphate (TBP) ( ^{σ = 2.20 × 10 -6 S /} m, η = 2.2 × 10 -3 Pa · s) (30) tributoxyethyl phosphate TBXP) (σ = 1.10 × 10 -5 S / m, η = 9.0 × 10 -3 Pa · s) (31) tris (chloroethyl) phosphate (CLP) (σ = 7.80 × 10 -6 S / m, η = 3.0 × 10 -2 Pa · s) (32) 2- methylacetoacetate ethyl acetate ^{(σ = 1.00 × 10 -4 S} / m, η = 5.0 × 10 -4 Pa · s) (34) 2- (2,2-dichlorovinyl) -3,3-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid methyl ester (DCM-40) (σ = 2.60 × 10 ⁻⁵ S / m, η = 5) .5 × 10 ^-3 Pa · s)

[0049]

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The electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention forms a flow of the electro-sensitive working medium corresponding to the applied DC voltage by applying a DC voltage. For example, in FIG. 1, the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention inside the triangle connecting the points P, Q and R is placed in a container provided with electrodes as shown in FIG. Then, a moving flow as shown in FIG. 7 is generated in the electro-sensitive working medium, for example. Therefore, when the blade rotor is disposed in the container, the convection of the electro-sensitive working medium collides with the blade body of the blade rotor, and the blade rotor rotates.

That is, the electric energy introduced into the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention as the application of a DC voltage is converted into the flow energy of a liquid, which is the formation of a medium flow, and the flow energy of the liquid is captured by, for example, a blade rotor. By extracting it as rotational energy of the wing rotor, electric energy can be converted to mechanical energy via the electro-sensitive working medium.

That is, by filling the above-described electro-sensitive working medium into the medium accommodating portion of the SE-type ECF motor having the blade rotor shown in FIG. 2 and applying a DC voltage to the electrodes in the same manner as described above, The blade of the SE type ECF motor captures the moving flow and the blade rotor rotates. Also, in an RE-type ECF motor having a cylindrical rotor, it is considered that a similar moving flow is formed between the electrodes arranged on the cylindrical rotor, and this moving flow becomes the rotational driving force of the cylindrical rotor.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show an example of an apparatus for converting electric energy into mechanical energy using the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention. FIG. 4 shows an example of the arrangement of the electrodes in the apparatus of FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of the electrodes in the apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing a device for applying a DC voltage to the electro-sensitive working medium to move the electro-sensitive working medium, converting the moving energy into rotational energy, and extracting the rotational energy. This device is a kind of actuator and has the following configuration.

This device (SE-type ECF motor) 1 comprises a cylindrical medium storage section 2 having a bottom filled with an electro-sensitive operating medium 22, a lid 4 of the medium storage section 2, and a medium storage section 2.
And a blade rotor 18 which rotates by sensing the movement of the working medium 22 when the working medium 22 moves by application of a voltage. Here, a slit 13 for arranging the electrodes 3a... 3h is cut from the upper edge of the medium housing section 2 in the bottomed cylindrical medium housing section 2. Further, fixing members 14 and 15 for fixing the electrodes 3a... 3h inserted from the slits 13 to the inner peripheral wall surface of the medium accommodation portion are formed inside the medium accommodation portion 2.

The wing rotor 18 is located at the center of the lid 4.
A through hole 19 into which the rotating shaft is fitted is formed. The blade rotor 18 includes a bearing 23 provided at the center of the bottom of the medium storage unit 2 and a plurality of blade plates 6 joined to a rotation shaft rotatably fixed by a through hole 19.

The medium storage unit 2, the lid 4, and the blade rotor 18
Is usually formed of plastic or the like which is an insulating material. In order to visually confirm the rotation of the wing rotor 18, it is preferable that the medium accommodating portion 2 and the lid 4 are formed of a plastic having transparency. The colors are preferably different from each other for confirmation of the rotation speed.

The electrodes 3a... 3h are introduced from the slit 13 into the inside of the medium accommodating section 2 and are arranged along the inner wall of the medium accommodating section 2 so as not to hinder the rotation of the blade rotor 18.
Stretched in the bottom direction. These electrodes 3a ... 3h
Insulated from each other.

The above-mentioned apparatus 1 is made mainly for confirming the movement of the electro-sensitive working medium 22 by the rotation of the wing rotor 18, and is made of plastic from this point and workability. In such a rotating device,
It is sufficient that an insulating state can be secured between the electrodes 3a to 3h, and the electrodes 3a to 3h can be formed of various insulating materials such as pottery, glass, wood, ceramics, and metal subjected to insulating treatment. If 3h is mounted via an insulating material so as not to be electrically connected to each other, or into the medium container 2 which has been subjected to the insulation treatment, the medium container 2, the lid 4, the blade rotor 18 and the like have conductivity. It can also be formed of metal or the like.

The electro-sensitive operating medium 22 is inserted into the medium accommodating section 2 to such an extent that the medium does not flow out of the slit 13 and most of the wing plate 6 is buried in the medium. Is applied. Here, the rotation direction of the blade rotor 18 can be controlled by the arrangement of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. For example, the electrodes 3a, 3c, 3e, 3g are used as positive electrodes,
If the electrodes 3b, 3d, 3f, 3h are negative electrodes, the positive and negative electrodes are alternately arranged, and the blade rotor 18
There is no systematic uniformity in the rotation directions of the blades, and in this case, the rotation direction of the blade rotor 18 cannot be controlled. However, for example, if the electrodes 3a and 3e are positive electrodes, the electrodes 3b and 3f are negative electrodes, and the electrodes 3c, 3d, 3g and 3h are dummy electrodes, the direction from the electrode 3a to the electrode 3b,
The flow from e to the electrode 3f becomes dominant, so that the rotation direction of the blade rotor 18 can be controlled clockwise as shown by the arrow in FIG.

As a voltage application method, in addition to the above-described fixed application method in which a voltage is applied to an electrode at a specific position, 3
There is a fluctuation application method in which a voltage and an electrode are sequentially switched with time and applied to eight electrodes a to 3h [n electrodes from 1 to n (n is an integer)]. That is, for example, a positive voltage is applied to the electrodes 3a and 3e, a negative voltage is applied to the electrodes 3b and 3f, and the electrodes with numbers 3c, 3d, 3g, and 3h are dummy electrodes. After applying the voltage in this manner, one second later, a positive voltage is applied to the electrodes 3b and 3f, a negative voltage is applied to the electrodes 3c and 3g, and the electrodes numbered 3d, 3e, 3h, and 3a are dummy electrodes. As shown in the above example, there is a method (fluctuation applying method) of sequentially switching and applying a positive voltage and a negative voltage between the laid electrodes. In this case, in addition to switching positive / negative / no-voltage at once, it is also effective to add a constant delay condition to each application switching. The advantage of such a fluctuation application method is that the applied voltage can be reduced, and the utility is particularly high when a high applied voltage cannot be used or when the apparatus is large.

The rotation speed of the blade rotor 18 increases and decreases in proportion to the applied voltage until the rotation speed becomes equal to or higher than the initial rotation voltage and reaches a constant speed. In the present invention, as described above, the electrodes 3a.
3h uses an SE-type ECF motor (Stator-electrode type
electro-conjugate fluid motor).

In the SE type ECF motor shown in FIG.
For example, eight wing plates 6 are provided inside the cylindrical medium storage unit 2.
A SE-type ECF motor in which an electro-sensitive working medium is filled in the medium accommodating section 2 is prepared, and electrodes 3a to 3h are arranged as shown in FIG. When a DC voltage is applied during that time, the blade rotor 18 starts rotating. At this time, the rotation speed tends to increase as the number of blades 6 increases, and the rotation speed tends to increase as the electrode interval is smaller and the number of electrode pairs is larger.

The electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention can convert electric energy into mechanical energy by using an RE-type ECF motor described below in addition to the above-mentioned SE-type ECF motor.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing another example (RE type ECF motor) of a rotating body for an electro-sensitive working medium. In FIG. 3, a rotating body (RE-type ECF motor) 40 for an electro-sensitive operation medium fits into a bottomed medium storage part 41 that stores an electro-sensitive operation medium 22 and an upper release part of the medium storage part 41. To close the medium storage portion 41
The lid 44 is fitted into the opening at the upper part of the medium accommodating portion 41 to form a housing sealed by the lid 44 and the medium accommodating portion 41.

The medium accommodating portion 41 forming the housing has a bottomed shape, and is usually made of a synthetic resin (eg, Teflon, polycarbonate, acrylic, etc.) which does not corrode the charged electro-sensitive working medium, ceramics, wood, metal, or the like. , Glass and the like. Further, the medium accommodating portion 41 may be formed of a conductive material such as a metal such as stainless steel. However, if the insulating property between the electrodes is impaired, the medium containing portion 41 may be subjected to an electrical insulating process or an electrical insulating process. It is preferably formed of a substance.

A bearing 48 is provided at the center of the bottom 49 of the medium storage section 41. The bearing 48 supports the lower end of the rotating shaft 45, and has a rotating contact 60 for electrically connecting the second external terminal 52 and the second electrode 42. A conductor is led from the rotary contact 60 along the inner peripheral wall of the medium accommodating portion 41, and the conductor led out of the housing forms a second external terminal 52.
In addition, a bearing mechanism or the like can be incorporated in the bearing 48 for supporting the lower end of the rotating shaft of the rotary contact 60 in order to reduce the coefficient of friction with the rotating shaft 45.

The upper part of the medium container 41 is opened to fill the electro-sensitive working medium 22. Lid 44
Forms a hermetically closed housing by filling the medium containing portion 41 with the electro-sensitive operating medium 22 and then fitting the medium into the upper portion of the opened medium containing portion 41. This lid 44
Can be formed of the same material as that of the medium storage section 41.

The cover 44 further has a shaft hole 47 at the center thereof through which the rotating shaft 45 penetrates. This shaft hole 4
7 is provided with a rotary contact 50 that supplies electricity to the second electrode 43 via the rotary shaft 45. Rotating shaft 4
In order to reduce the coefficient of friction between the shaft 5 and the shaft hole 47, a bearing mechanism or the like can be incorporated. This rotary contact 50
And the first conductive terminal 53 is formed to form the first external terminal 53.
In these rotary contacts 50, 60, mercury can be used as a conductor.

In FIG. 3, the lid 44 is formed so as to fit into the medium storage portion 41. However, in order to further enhance the hermeticity of the housing, the medium storage portion 41 and the lid 44 are formed.
May be screwed together, and the sealing property can be further improved by interposing a packing or the like between the medium storage portion 41 and the lid 44.

The rotating shaft 45 is divided into an upper portion and a lower portion by a cylindrical rotor 46 provided in the medium accommodating portion 41, and the upper rotating shaft 45a and the lower rotating shaft 45b are electrically insulated. . The upper rotation shaft 45a is
Is rotatably supported through a shaft hole 47 provided in
On the other hand, the lower end of the lower rotating shaft 45b is connected to a bearing 48 provided at the center of the bottom 49 of the medium housing 41.
It is rotatably supported by. This upper rotating shaft 4
A cylindrical rotor 46 that rotates together with the rotation shaft 45 inside the medium accommodating portion 41 is disposed between the lower rotation shaft 5b and the lower rotation shaft 45b. The cylindrical rotor 46 has a cylindrical shape with the rotation shaft 45 as the center axis of rotation.
A gap is formed so as not to come into contact with the inner peripheral wall surface of No. 1. The inner diameter of the medium accommodating portion 41 and the cylindrical rotor 4
6 (the inner diameter of the medium container 41 / the rotor 46).
Is usually 1.01 or more, especially 1.05 to
It is preferably in the range of 10.0. Further, for example, the inner diameter of the medium storage section 41 is set to 30 mm or less, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the medium storage section 41 to the diameter of the cylindrical rotor 46 is set to 1.
By reducing the size of the rotating body within the range of 5 to 3.0, the rotational torque at the same rotational speed increases. That is, this rotating body (RE-type ECF motor) has a characteristic that its performance is further improved by miniaturization.

Further, the cylindrical rotor 46 is not limited to a cylindrical shape, but may be a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a rotor having a large number of projections on its surface, or a star-shaped cross section depending on the purpose of use. Further, the cylindrical rotor 46 can be made hollow,
In the case of a hollow shape, the hollow portion can be filled with vacuum, air, gas, liquid, solid, or the like, and its weight can be variously adjusted. By adjusting the weight of the cylindrical rotor 46, the specific gravity of the cylindrical rotor 46 in the electro-sensitive working medium can be adjusted, and the mobility or balance of the cylindrical rotor 46 can be adjusted.

A first electrode 43 and a second electrode 42 are formed on the surface of the cylindrical rotor 46 as described above. The first electrode 43 is connected to an external terminal 53 by a rotary contact 50 via an upper rotary shaft 45a. The second electrode 42 is connected to an external terminal 52 by a rotary contact 60 via a lower rotary shaft 45b. The first
The electrode 43 and the second electrode 42 are electrically insulated.

The first electrode 43 and the second electrode 42
It can be formed by extending a conducting wire on the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical rotor 46. First electrode 43 and second electrode 4
2 can be set as appropriate. FIG.
FIG. 6 is a layout view of electrodes when the cylindrical rotor 46 is viewed from above.
Angle θ between electrodes formed by first electrode 43 and second electrode 42
Is usually 1.0 ° to 180 °, preferably 3.0 ° to 9 °.
The first electrode 43 and the second electrode 42 are stretched at 0.0 °. Since the inter-electrode angle θ varies depending on the number of electrodes to be stretched, the first electrode 43 and the second electrode 42 are used to set the inter-electrode angle θ to the above value.
And 1 to 60 can be installed respectively. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 46 denotes a cylindrical rotor, and 53a denotes a lead derived from the first electrode 43, and an upper rotating shaft 45.
a, or the conductor can be integrated with the upper rotating shaft 45a by using a conductor for the upper rotating shaft 45a itself.

Reference numeral 52a denotes a lead derived from the second electrode 42 and is incorporated in the lower rotary shaft 45b, or the lower rotary shaft 45a itself is made of a conductor to integrate this lead with the lower rotary shaft 45b. It can also be converted.

The medium accommodating section 41 having the above configuration
Is filled with the electro-sensitive working medium 22. In the present invention, an actuator having electrodes disposed on the surface of the cylindrical rotor 46 is referred to as a RE-type ECF motor (Rotor-electrode t).
ype electro-conjugate fluid motor). FIG.
FIG. 5 shows an example in which a cylindrical rotor 46 formed of a tubular member is disposed inside the medium accommodating portion 41 to manufacture an RE-type ECF motor. A rotating shaft 45 formed of, for example, a metal round bar is provided on an upper portion of the cylindrical rotor 46.
a is provided. Electric power can be supplied to the rotor electrode via a rotating contact using mercury. By using a ball bearing for the bearing of the output shaft, the friction torque can be reduced.

The SE-type ECF motor or the RE-type ECF motor having the above configuration is filled with the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention and a DC voltage is applied to the SE type ECF motor or the RE type ECF motor.
An E-type ECF motor or an RE-type ECF motor can be driven.

A method of driving the SE-type ECF motor using the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention will be described by taking the SE-type ECF motor as an example. This example shows a plastic 8
It has a blade rotor having a plurality of blades, and a medium housing portion also made of plastic having an outer diameter of 10 mm, an inner diameter of 8 mm, and a height of 20 mm, and a 0.3 μm diameter copper wire is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the solvent housing portion. Manufactured by disposing four pairs of electrodes.
It is an example of a driving method when a CF motor is filled with the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention. The rotation speed, applied voltage, and current of the SE-type ECF motor can be determined, for example, by attaching a plastic disk to the rotation axis of the SE-type ECF motor as shown in FIG. This SE type ECF
The number of rotations of the motor can be measured. The current flowing at this time is, as shown in FIG.
A resistance of 1 MΩ is inserted in series between the F motor and the ground, and measurement can be made from a potential difference caused by this resistance.
The voltage can be measured via a voltage follower using an OP amplifier having a sufficiently high input impedance by connecting a zener diode in parallel with a resistor.

For example, a DC voltage of 0.1 V to 10 kV, preferably 10 V to 7.0 kV is applied to the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention filled in the above-described apparatus. The current flowing at this time is usually 0.001 to 100 μA, preferably 0.05 to 10.0 μA. Therefore, this SE
The power supplied to the type ECF motor (that is, between the electrodes) is 1 ×
10 ^{-10 to} 1.0 W, preferably 5 × 10 ^{-7 to} 7 × 10 ^-2 W
It is.

The applied voltage can be appropriately varied depending on the scale of the device, the type of the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention, the configuration of the device, etc., but if the same device and medium are used and the conditions are the same, The rotation speed also changes in proportion to the change in the applied voltage.

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the applied voltage and the rotation speed and the relationship between the applied voltage and the flowing current. That is, FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the applied voltage and the rotation speed and the flowing current and the rotation speed when a voltage up to 6 kV is applied to the SE type ECF motor. And a certain proportional relationship is established.

The control of the number of rotations by controlling the voltage is performed by S
Not only the E-type ECF motor but also an RE-type ECF motor using a similar electro-sensitive working medium can be similarly operated. The mechanism of driving the SE-type ECF motor or the RE-type ECF motor using the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention is not always clear. However, it has been confirmed that when a voltage is applied to the electro-sensitive working medium as a phenomenon, a moving flow as shown in FIG. 7 described above is generated, and it is considered that such a moving flow is a rotational driving force of the motor.

In the past, motors driven by a high electric field using a dielectric liquid (insulating liquid) have attracted the interest of some scientists and have occasionally been fragmented. For example, more than 40 years ago, it has been reported that when a voltage of about 10 kV is applied between a parallel plate electrode and a dielectric liquid, a glass rod having a diameter of several mm placed therein rotates at several thousand rpm. This phenomenon is
It is described that when the charge generated on the surface of the glass rod is attracted toward the electrode of the opposite sign, the glass rod rotates slightly, and the polarization disappears at that moment, and the repetition causes a steady rotation. In this view, the conductivity of the liquid has no direct relation to the rotational movement of the glass rod. A motor utilizing the above phenomenon is of the order of several mm, and is an SE type ECF motor or a RE type ECF motor.
There is no report that a large motor such as the F motor was rotated.

Using the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention, SE
The mechanism of converting electric energy into mechanical energy through a type ECF motor or an RE type ECF motor is based on the fact that the conductivity and viscosity of the electro-sensitive working medium are important factors for driving the motor in the present invention. The theory cannot explain.

Therefore, the mechanism of converting electric energy into mechanical energy via the SE-type ECF motor or the RE-type ECF motor of the present invention will be discussed based on the currently confirmed items.

The migration of ions existing in a liquid having a viscosity of several mPa · s is reported to be of the order of 10 ⁻⁸ m ² V ⁻¹ S ⁻¹ . Assuming that the hydrodynamic radius of the ions is in the range of 0.5-1.2 nm, the Stokes-Einstein equation gives 0.5 kV.
In an electric field of mm ^-1 (5 kV for 10 mm electrode spacing), the ions will move about 5 × 10 ^-3 m / s. If the movement of ions causes drag flow in the medium liquid, and the force causes the motor to rotate, the rotation speed should be much slower. SE type ECF motor and RE type ECF
Since the motor rotates about two orders of magnitude faster than that,
It is unlikely that the movement of the ions causes a direct rotational movement of the rotor. As described above, when a high voltage is applied to the dielectric liquid, a secondary flow such as convection or chaos may occur in the liquid. According to a computer simulation of this electrohydrodynamic convection (EHD convection) (EHD is a nonlinear phenomenon governed by continuity equations, equations of motion, Maxwell equations, and charge transport equations), a condition (micron) where the action of gravity is negligible
gravity conditions), the electrical Rayleigh number is 60
At 00 (the condition that the Coulomb force is much greater than the viscosity), the velocity of the secondary flow is estimated to be about 0.02 m / s. However, this numerical value is also slightly smaller than the flow velocity observed when the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention is used, and the high-speed rotation of the rotor cannot be completely explained by EHD convection alone.

By the way, Yabe and Maki disclose that a ring-shaped electrode is arranged in parallel with a plate electrode with a slight gap therebetween, and when a high voltage of 10 kV is applied to the ring, the electrode is blown out from the plate electrode near the center of the ring. (Int. J. Heat Mass Tra
nsfer, 31, 407 (1988)). This phenomenon is a phenomenon in which the fluid drawn from around the ring passes through the gap between the ring and the plate electrode, and then jumps out as a high-speed jet. At this time, it has been reported that the flow velocity may exceed 1 m / s. I have. Although the mechanism of generation of this jet flow is unknown, the speed of the jet flow is comparable to the peripheral speed of the rotor in the present invention. This phenomenon is common in terms of the speed of the fluid with the moving speed of the fluid when a DC voltage is applied to the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention. We believe it may indicate that there is some possibility that

The above description of the mechanism of the mechanism relating to the present invention is an inference for assisting the understanding of the present invention based on the facts confirmed by the inventor, and the present invention is limitedly interpreted by this inference. Of course, it should not.

The electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention flows by applying a DC voltage, and the flow of the electro-sensitive working medium can be converted into mechanical energy such as rotational energy and taken out. . In addition, by changing the applied voltage by using the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention to vary the supplied electric energy, the electric energy is supplied to another energy in proportion to the amount of electric energy supplied by the applied voltage. It can be converted while controlling steplessly. Therefore, an application utilizing the movement of the electro-sensitive working medium between the electrodes to which the DC voltage is applied as described above, or a moving flow motion is formed in the working medium by applying a DC voltage to the electro-sensitive working medium. However, it can be used in a very wide range of other fields, such as applications in which this moving flow motion is taken out of the apparatus as rotational energy and used. A typical example is SE
Type ECF motor and RE type ECF motor. In particular, SE-type E using the energy control conversion method of the present invention
The CF motor and the RE-type ECF motor are improved in their characteristics by being miniaturized, and have a simple structure.

Further, in addition to the rotating mechanism that uses the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention to lay electrodes on the rotor portion and that rotates by itself, a small piece with the electrodes laid in the electro-sensitive working medium is floated, By supplying and adjusting the DC voltage to the electrodes from above, it is possible to produce a fish-like piece that freely swims around the medium using the medium flow generated between the electrodes as a driving force.

Further, by floating a small piece on a ship on the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention and laying an electrode on the bottom thereof, the small piece on the ship freely running on the medium using the flow generated by the application of the DC voltage as a driving force. Can also be prepared.

The DC voltage can be applied not from an external power supply but using a solar cell panel or a PLZT element which is a photopiezoelectric element and can generate a high voltage by light irradiation. In this case, the solar cell panel or the PLZT element is laid on the driving portion together with the electrodes, and light is applied instead of supplying the voltage from the outside, so that an electric wire from an external power supply is unnecessary. As a result, a large degree of freedom is given to the movement of the fish-like small pieces and the boat-like small pieces, and the movement of the fish-like small pieces and the boat-like small pieces sealed in the transparent container can be freely controlled. This is for internal work in nuclear power plants where humans cannot access,
By operating the light irradiation through the protective glass, it can be used and useful for an internal working device that can be driven and controlled.

Further, a rectangular parallelepiped medium storage section may be used instead of the cylindrical medium storage section, electrodes may be laid on the inner wall of the storage section, and the linear motor may be used as a linear motor for generating a moving flow. Can be. Further, as another mechanism, a linear motor using a fish-like piece on which the above-mentioned electrode is laid can be formed.

Further, the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention is specified by the electric conductivity and the viscosity at the temperature at which the electro-sensitive working medium is used, and the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention is an organic compound. Or an inorganic compound. Therefore, the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention includes:
For example, an inorganic high-temperature fluid having a predetermined conductivity and viscosity such as a lava flow (inorganic high-temperature fluid) flowing out of a volcano is also included. Inorganic high temperature fluid such as lava flow,
If it has the viscosity and electric conductivity specified by the present invention at the flow temperature, it exhibits the same behavior as the organic compound-based electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention described in detail above. Therefore, for example, if a giant electrode is inserted into a lava flow that satisfies the conditions as the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention, and a DC voltage is applied to this electrode, the lava flow will flow through its flow path (lava) by the applied DC voltage. It is not impossible to control the flow direction).

Further, since the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention can be specified by the viscosity and the electric conductivity at the temperature used, even in a very high temperature environment which is difficult to use with a conventional motor, If the viscosity and conductivity of the fluid in the temperature environment are within the ranges specified in the present invention, the fluid can be driven by applying a DC voltage.

[0096]

According to the present invention, the physical properties required for the electro-sensitive working medium and the range thereof have been specified. That is, the properties required for use as the electro-sensitive working medium in the present invention are the viscosity and the electrical conductivity under the temperature conditions at which the electro-sensitive working medium is used, and a phenomenon suggesting that other physical properties are involved. Nonetheless, temperature is only a requirement to specify the conductivity and viscosity that must be met when using this electro-sensitive working medium.

Therefore, the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention is not limited to an organic compound or an inorganic compound, and the conductivity and viscosity at the temperature at which the electro-sensitive working medium is used satisfy the viscosity and conductivity conditions specified in the present invention. Conventionally, the electro-sensitive working medium is an organic compound, so that it can be used as an electro-sensitive working medium in the area of inorganic compounds.

Further, since the electro-sensitive working medium of the present invention can be made to flow by forming an electric field, it can be used in the above applications.

[0099]

EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples of the present invention, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto.

[0100]

Example 1 The compounds (1) to (36) described below were measured for viscosity and electric resistance (conductivity) at 25 ° C. Here, the viscosity and the electric resistance were measured using a rheometer (manufactured by HAAKE, Rheo-Stress RS100). That is, the compound is sandwiched between two disks having a diameter of 3.5 cm, and a direct current of 2 kV is applied to conduct the conductivity (S / m when 2 kV / mm is applied).
Value) was measured. Similarly, one of the disks was rotated to measure the viscosity of the compound. In the present invention, the electric conductivity and the viscosity are measured by the above methods.

Next, this compound was charged into an SE type ECF motor as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
Whether or not the blade rotor was rotated when a DC voltage of 6 kV was applied, and the number of rotations was measured when the blade rotor was rotated.

In the SE type ECF motor used here, the inner diameter of the bottomed cylindrical container was 20 mm, the number of blades of the blade rotor was 8, the height of the blade was 35 mm, and the width was Is 17 mm, and when this container is filled with 12 ml of the medium, the blades are completely immersed in the medium.

Further, this SE type ECF motor was provided with four electrodes, the first and third electrodes being negative electrodes, and the second and fourth electrodes being positive electrodes. The angle between the first and third electrodes and the angle between the second and fourth electrodes are 180 °, respectively, and the angle between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the third angle. Each electrode is arranged such that the angle between the first electrode and the fourth electrode is 45 °.

12 ml of a medium is put into the SE-type ECF motor having the above-described structure, and a DC voltage of 6 kV is applied between the electrodes to determine whether or not the SE-type ECF motor is driven. Was measured.

The conductivity and viscosity of the used insulating liquid,
Further, the results of the electric sensitivity are shown below.

[0106]

[Table 3]

FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the conductivity and the viscosity shown in Table 3 above. Further, in FIG. 1, the conductivity and the viscosity of the driven medium are represented by “◆”, and the conductivity and the viscosity of the non-driven medium are represented by “◇”.

[0108]

Example 2 The SE-type ECF motor described in Example 1 was filled with 2,2-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (trade name: Kyowanol M) which is compound number (24). Then, a DC voltage of 6 kV was applied. As shown in Tables 3 and 4, at 25 ° C.,
Trade name of 2,24-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate of (24): Conductivity σ of Kyowanol M
= 6.80 × 10 ⁻⁸ S / m and viscosity η = 1.2 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s
The SE ECF motor was not driven.

Separately from this, a DC voltage of 6 kV filled with 2-ethylhexyl palmitate (trade name: Exepearl EH-P) having the compound number (19) was applied to the SE-type ECF motor. As shown in 3 and 4, at 25 ° C., trade name: Exepearl EH-P which is 2-ethylhexyl palmitate of this compound number (19)
Has a conductivity of σ = 2.60 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m and a viscosity of
η = 9.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s, and this SE type ECF motor was not driven.

Next, the compound number (24) of 2,2-trimethyl-
Trade name: 1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate: Kyowanol M, and trade name: 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, compound number (19): Exepearl E
And HP at a weight ratio of 1: 4 to obtain a homogeneous mixture (3
7) was manufactured.

This mixture (37) was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 and had a conductivity σ at 25 ° C. of 2.60 × 10 6
^-9 S / m and viscosity η = 9.8 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s. This mixture (37) was charged into the SE type ECF motor and
When a DC voltage of 6 kV was applied in the same manner at ° C, the device was driven at a rotation speed of 38 rpm.

Table 4 shows the results.

[0113]

Example 3 The SE type ECF motor described in Example 1 was added to diallyl maleate (DA
M), and a DC voltage of 6 kV was applied.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 4, at 25 ° C., the dielectric constant σ of the diallyl maleate (DAM) of the compound (4) = 7.80 × 1
0 ^-7 S / m, viscosity η = 2.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s, and this SE type ECF motor was not driven.

Separately, a DC voltage of 6 kV filled with butyl stearate (trade name: Exepearl BS), which is compound number (22), was applied to the SE-type ECF motor. As shown, at 25 ° C., the conductivity of butyl stearate of this compound number (4) (trade name: Exepearl BS) was σ = 3.10 × 10 ^−.
10 S / m, and the viscosity is η = 8.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s,
This SE type ECF motor was not driven.

Next, diallyl maleate (DAM) having the number (4) and butyl stearate (trade name: Exepar BS) having the compound number (22) were mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 4 to obtain a uniform mixture. A mixture (38) was prepared.

This mixture (38) was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 and had a conductivity σ of 4.17 × 10 at 25 ° C.
^-9 S / m, and the viscosity η was 5.0 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s. This mixture (38) was charged into the SE type ECF motor and
When a DC voltage of 6 kV was applied in the same manner at ° C, the device was driven at a rotation speed of 140 rpm.

Table 4 shows the results.

[0118]

[Table 4]

The relationship between the conductivity and the viscosity shown in Table 4 is also shown in FIG. Further, in FIG. 1, the electric conductivity and the viscosity of the driven medium are represented by “◆”,
The conductivity and viscosity of the undriven medium are represented by "◇".

[0120]

Example 3 The SE-type ECF motor described in Example 1 was filled with 2-ethylhexylbenzyl phthalate (trade name; Plasizer B-8), which is compound number (15).
The temperature of the compound number (15), 2-ethylhexylbenzyl phthalate (trade name; Plasizer B-8) was 25
C., and a DC voltage of 6 kV was applied.
At 25 ° C., as shown in FIGS.
5) 2-ethylhexylbenzyl phthalate (trade name; Plasizer B-8) has a dielectric constant σ = 1.10 × 10 ⁻⁸ S / m and a viscosity η = 7.8 × 10 ⁻² Pa · s. , This SE type EC
The F motor did not drive.

Next, 2-ethylhexylbenzyl phthalate which is the compound number (15) (trade name; Plasizer B)
The temperature in -8) was adjusted to 100 ° C. to obtain a heating body (39). When the electric conductivity and the viscosity at 100 ° C. of the heating body (39) were measured, the electric conductivity at 100 ° C. was σ = 9.90
× 10 ⁻⁹ S / m, and the viscosity was η = 3.5 × 10 ⁻³ Pa · s.

This heating element (39) was filled in the SE-type ECF motor, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that the temperature of 2-ethylhexylbenzyl phthalate was maintained at 100 ° C.
When a DC voltage of kV was applied, the SE-type ECF motor was driven at a rotation speed of 21 rpm.

Table 5 shows the results.

[0124]

[Table 5]

The relationship between the conductivity and the viscosity shown in Table 5 is also shown in FIG. Further, in FIG. 1, the electric conductivity and the viscosity of the driven medium are represented by “◆”,
The conductivity and viscosity of the undriven medium are represented by "◇".

[0126]

Embodiment 4 In the SE-type ECF motor shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the outer diameter of the medium containing acrylic resin is 10 mm, the inner diameter is 8 mm, and the height is 20 mm. SE type E having eight blade rotors
A CF motor was manufactured. This SE type ECF motor has four pairs of electrodes made of a copper wire having a diameter of 0.3 mm. The distance between the electrodes was set to 22.5 ° (1.5 mm), and the rotation axis of the blade rotor was a 1 mm copper wire. In addition, the friction torque is reduced by using a ball bearing for the bearing. Also,
As shown in FIG. 6, a plastic disk was attached to the rotating shaft, and the rotation of the disk was detected by a photointerrupter to measure the rotational peripheral speed. Further, as shown in FIG.
A 1 MΩ resistor was inserted in series between the E-type ECF motor and the ground, and the current was determined from the potential difference at this resistor. Further, to protect the measuring instrument, a Zener diode was connected in parallel with the resistor, and the voltage was measured via a voltage follower using an OP amplifier having a sufficiently high input impedance.

Dibutyl decandioate was put into the SE type ECF motor as described above, and the number of rotations and the current were measured when the applied voltage was changed every 0 kV from 0 to 6 kV. This SE
The type ECF motor started rotating from an applied voltage of 2 kV, and its rotation speed increased in proportion to the applied voltage.

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the applied voltage, the rotation speed, and the current in this SE ECF motor. As is clear from FIG. 8, it can be seen that the rotation speed is proportional to the applied voltage.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the viscosity and the electrical conductivity of an insulating liquid (electrically responsive working medium).

FIG. 2 shows an SE-type EC using an electro-sensitive working medium.
It is a figure which shows an example of an F motor typically.

FIG. 3 is a RE-type EC using an electro-sensitive working medium.
It is a figure which shows an example of an F motor typically.

FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of an electrode arrangement of the SE-type ECF motor illustrated in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing an example of an arrangement of electrodes of the RE-type ECF motor shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating a device for measuring output torques of an SE-type ECF motor and an RE-type ECF motor in a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a behavior of the electro-sensitive operating medium when a DC voltage is applied to the electro-sensitive operating medium stored in the medium storage unit.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing an example of a change in rotation speed with respect to an applied voltage and a change in current with respect to an applied voltage in an SE-type ECF motor.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... SE type ECF motor 2 ... Medium accommodating part 4 ... Lid 3a, 3b, 3c, 3b, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h ... Electrode 6 ... Wing plate 18 ... Blade rotor 22 ... Electrically sensitive working medium 40 ... RE-type ECF motor 41 ... Medium accommodating part 42 ... Second electrode 43 ... First electrode 44 ... Lid 45 ...・ Rotating shaft part 46 ・ ・ ・ Cylinder rotor 47 ・ ・ ・ Shaft hole 48 ・ ・ ・ Bearing part 49 ・ ・ ・ Bottom part 50,60 ・ ・ ・ Rotary contact 52,53 ・ ・ ・ External terminal

Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-8-226375 (JP, A) JP-A-6-49478 (JP, A) JP-A-5-32988 (JP, A) JP-A-8-170087 (JP) JP-A-10-66366 (JP, A) JP-A-8-284798 (JP, A) JP-A-9-208978 (JP, A) JP-A-9-208977 (JP, A) 8-245976 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C10M 105/32-105/48 C10M 107/20-107/36 C10M 129/66-129/95 C09K 3 / 00 C10N 40:14 F03G 7/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A graph showing the relationship between the conductivity σ and the viscosity η of a fluid at an operating temperature, wherein the conductivity σ is 4 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m, viscosity η = 1 × 10 ⁰ Pa · s, point P, conductivity σ = 4 ×
At a point Q expressed by 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m, viscosity η = 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s, conductivity σ = 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ S / m, viscosity η = 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s A compound having a conductivity σ and a viscosity η located inside a right triangle having the point R as an apex (however,
Butyl, dibutyl phthalate, bis (2-ethyl phthalate)
Hexyl), dimethyl phthalate, dialkitaic acid
, Alkyl acetyl ricinoleate, naphthenic acid dial
Kill, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diiso
Butyrate, glyceryl triacetate, acetic acid-2-meth
Xi-1-methylethyl, propylene glycol monoethyl
Ruether acetate, 1-ethoxy-2-acetoxypro
Bread, dibutyl diglycol adipate, 3-methoxy-3
-Methylbutyl acetate, diethylene glycol butyrate
Ruether acetate, 3,7-dimethyl-1.6-octadie
-3-yl-acetate, 9,10-epoxystearate
And an ester compound represented by the following general formula (I)
Excluded), or electro-sensitive movable medium characterized by comprising a mixture of the prepared two or more kinds of compounds so as to have a conductivity σ and a viscosity located inside the triangle eta. R ₁ OOC (CH ₂ ) _X COOR ₂ (I) (wherein X is an integer of 4 to 12, and R ₁ and R ₂ are carbon
It is an alkyl group of Formulas 1 to 13. ) 2. A point P has a conductivity σ = 5 × 10 ^-10 S / m, a viscosity η = 8 × 10 ^-1 Pa · s, and a point Q has a conductivity σ = 5 ×
10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m, viscosity η = 2 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s, and
The point R has a conductivity σ = 2.5 × 10 ⁻⁶ S / m and a viscosity η = 2 × 10
The electro-sensitive working medium according to claim 1, wherein the pressure is ^-4 Pa · s. 3. An electric field is formed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode in a container filled with the electro-sensitive operating medium according to claim 1 or 2, and at least one of the electro-sensitive operating medium is controlled in a direction regulated by the electric field. A method for using an electro-sensitive working medium characterized by flowing a part. 4. A compound or a mixture of two or more compounds.
A method for checking whether a compound is an electro-sensitive working medium.
The horizontal axis is the conductivity σ, the vertical axis is the viscosity η, and the operating temperature
Graph showing the relationship between the fluid conductivity σ and viscosity η
In the graph, conductivity σ = 4 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ S / m, viscosity η = 1 ×
10 ⁰ points represented by Pa · s P, the conductivity ^{σ = 4 × 10 -10 S /} m,
Point Q expressed by viscosity η = 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s, conductivity σ = 5
The point R represented by × 10 ⁻⁶ S / m and viscosity η = 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa · s
The conductivity σ located inside the right triangle as the vertex and
Of the electro-sensitive working medium to determine whether it has a viscosity η
Inspection methods.