JP3119441B2 - Cleaning device for heat fixing member, heat fixing method, and image forming method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cleaning device for cleaning a heat fixing member for heat fixing a toner image on a recording material in an image forming method such as electrophotography, electrostatic recording and magnetic recording. More specifically, the present invention relates to a cleaning device effective for removing toner remaining on a heat fixing member after fixing, a heat fixing method using the cleaning device, and an image forming method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, electrophotography has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,297,691, Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-23910.
It is known by a number of methods as described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. JP-B-43-24748 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-24748. Generally, a photoconductive substance is used to form an electric latent image on a photoreceptor by various means, and then the latent image is developed using toner, and if necessary, using direct or indirect means. After a toner image is transferred to a recording material such as paper, it is fixed by heating, pressure, heating and pressurizing, or solvent vapor to obtain a copy.
Then, the toner remaining on the photoconductor without being transferred to the recording material is cleaned by various methods, and the above-described steps are repeated.

Further, a method of forming a general full-color image will be described. The photoconductor of the photoconductor drum is uniformly charged by a primary charger, image exposure is performed by a laser beam modulated by a magenta image signal of a document, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photoconductor drum, and magenta toner is formed. The electrostatic latent image is developed by the magenta developing device, and a magenta toner image is formed. Next, the magenta toner image developed on the photosensitive drum by the transfer charger is transferred to the conveyed transfer material using direct or indirect means.

On the other hand, the photosensitive drum after the development of the electrostatic latent image is neutralized by a static eliminator, cleaned by a cleaning unit, and charged again by a primary charger. Forming a cyan toner image and transferring the cyan toner image to a recording material on which the magenta toner image has been transferred,
The same procedure is performed in the same manner as for the black color to transfer the four color toner images to the recording material. The recording material having the four color toner images is fixed by the action of heat and pressure by a fixing roller to form a full color image.

[0005] In recent years, such devices have begun to be used not only as office work copiers for copying original manuscripts, but also as printers as personal computer outputs or personal copies for individuals.

[0006] In addition to such fields represented by laser beam printers, the development of plain paper faxes using a basic engine has been rapidly developing.

[0007] Therefore, smaller, lighter, faster, higher image quality, and higher reliability have been demanded, and machines have become simpler in various aspects. As a result, the performance required of the toner has become higher, and if the performance of the toner cannot be improved, a better machine cannot be realized. In recent years, along with various needs for copying, demand for color copying has rapidly increased, and further higher image quality, higher resolution, and the like are desired in order to more faithfully copy an original color image. From these viewpoints, the toner used in the color image forming method needs to have good meltability and color mixing when heat is applied thereto, and has a low softening point and a low melt viscosity. It is preferable to use a toner having a high melting property.

That is, by using such a sharp melt toner, the color reproduction range of a copy can be widened and a color copy faithful to the original image can be obtained.

However, such a color toner having a high sharp melt property generally has a high affinity with a fixing roller, and tends to be easily offset to the fixing roller during fixing.

Particularly, in the case of a fixing device that can be installed in a color image forming apparatus, since a plurality of toner layers of magenta, cyan, yellow, and black are formed on a transfer material, offset is particularly likely to occur due to an increase in toner layer thickness. There is a tendency.

Conventionally, for the purpose of preventing toner from adhering to the surface of the fixing roller, for example, the roller surface is formed of a material having excellent releasability from the toner, such as silicone rubber or fluorine-based resin. In order to prevent surface fatigue, the roller surface is coated with a thin film of a highly releasable liquid such as silicone oil or fluorine oil.

Although this method is extremely effective in preventing toner offset, it has a problem that a fixing device is required because a device for supplying an anti-offset liquid is required, and the fixing device becomes complicated. Needless to say, this oil application causes peeling between the layers constituting the fixing roller, resulting in a disadvantage that the life of the fixing roller is shortened. Further, as a recording material for fixing a toner image using these fixing devices,
Generally, various papers, coated papers, plastic films and the like are used. In particular, the necessity for using a transparency film using an overhead projector (OHP) as a recording material for presentations has recently been required. Especially in the case of transparency films, unlike paper, the oil absorption capacity is low, so that the currently obtained copied transparency films cannot avoid the stickiness due to oil application, and the quality of the obtained images remains a major problem. .
Further, there is a great possibility that oil such as silicone oil evaporates due to heat, thereby contaminating the inside of the machine and causing problems such as processing of recovered oil.

[0013] Therefore, a release agent such as low-molecular-weight polyethylene or low-molecular-weight polypropylene is added to the toner from the viewpoint of supplying the anti-offset liquid during heating from the toner instead of using a silicone oil supply device. A method has been proposed. However, when such additives are added in large amounts to achieve a sufficient effect,
Filming on the photoreceptor and the surface of the toner carrier such as a carrier and a sleeve are easily contaminated, and the image is deteriorated, which is a practical problem. Therefore, a device in which a small amount of release agent is added to the toner to such an extent that the image is not deteriorated and a small amount of release oil is supplied, a device using a member such as a web of a roll-up type with offset toner or a cleaning pad It has been practiced to use a cleaning device together with the cleaning device. As a web, a web in which a non-woven fabric containing an aromatic polyamide resin and a polyethylene terephthalate resin is impregnated with a silicone oil is known (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-199371).

When a small amount of silicone oil is supplied by a non-woven fabric impregnated with such a silicone oil, the stickiness due to the oil application of the transparency film does not cause a practical problem in normal use. It is possible to suppress up to. However, when the image forming is temporarily stopped for a long time and then restarted, a larger amount of oil is applied to the first sheet of recording material than in normal use, so that a transparency film was used as the recording material. In such a case, there is a problem that the sticky feeling of the oil still occurs.

Further, when replacing the cleaning material,
There is a problem that the silicone oil adheres to hands and the like, resulting in poor workability, and the silicone oil itself is expensive.

Further, the wiping properties of the nonwoven fabric as described above largely depend on the physical properties of the silicone oil. When a polymerized toner is used as the toner, the affinity between the polymerized toner and the silicone oil is low. There was a problem that sex was bad.

In the full-color field, in particular, in the conventional means for allowing the toner to contain a release agent, when a transparency film is used as a recording material, the release agent may have high crystallization or a difference in refractive index from the resin. This causes a problem that the transparency and haze of the image after fixing are slightly reduced due to the cause.

It is known that a wax is contained in a toner as a release agent. This technology is, for example,
No. 2-3304, JP-B-52-3305 and JP-A-57-52574.

JP-A-3-50559 and JP-A-2-50559
JP-A-79860, JP-A-1-109359, JP-A-62-14166, JP-A-61-27355
No. 4, JP-A-61-94062, JP-A-61-94062
-138259, JP-A-60-252361, JP-A-60-252360 and JP-A-60-252.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 217366 discloses a technique for making a toner contain waxes.

Waxes are used to improve the offset resistance of the toner at low and high temperatures and to improve the fixability at low temperatures. If the toner is exposed to heat due to a rise in temperature or the like, the developability deteriorates, or if the toner is left for a long period of time, the wax migrates to the toner surface and the developability deteriorates.

None of the conventional toners satisfies all of these aspects, causing some problems. For example, high-temperature offset and low-temperature fixability are excellent, but low-temperature offset and low-temperature fixability are excellent, but blocking resistance is slightly inferior, and developability decreases when the temperature inside the machine rises. And the offset resistance at low and high temperatures was not compatible, and the transparency of the OHP projected image was extremely poor.

In particular, regarding the transparency of the OHP projection image,
Proposal of adding a crystallization nucleating agent or the like to wax to reduce crystallization of wax itself (JP-A-4-149559, JP-A-4-107467); Use of wax having low crystallinity Proposal (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-30)
No. 1853, JP-A-5-61238); By adding a substance having good compatibility with a binder and a lower melt viscosity than the binder to the binder, the surface smoothness of the toner layer after fixing is improved. Proposal (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication
No. 212652)).

One of the release agents having relatively good transparency and low-temperature fixing performance is montan wax which is a mineral wax.

The montan wax system has the following structural formula

[0025]

[Outside 1] [Wherein, R represents a hydrocarbon group having 28 to 32 carbon atoms,
n represents an integer] It is possible to use a wax having a molecular weight of about 800 represented by JP-A-1-185660, JP-A-1-185661, JP-A-1-185662, JP-A-1-185661. JP-A-1-23
No. 8672 is proposed. However, none of these is sufficiently satisfactory in terms of transparency and haze (cloudiness value) of the OHP projected image.

On the other hand, in order to inhibit the crystallinity of the release agent itself, use of an ester wax in which the structure of the release agent itself is broken in symmetry is disclosed in JP-A-7-98511.
JP-A-6-337540, JP-A-6-3375
No. 37541, and fairly good results have been obtained.

However, even in recent full-color fixing devices, high durability and high reliability have been required, and improvement of the binder resin and the release agent of the toner alone without improvement of the fixing device has led to a change from a high image area image to a low image. Area images, and full color transparency film O
It is difficult to stably realize an image forming method applicable to HP projected images for a long period of time, and further improvement is desired.

[0028]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a cleaning apparatus, a heat fixing method and an image forming method which solve the above-mentioned problems.

An object of the present invention is to provide a cleaning device for a heat fixing member having excellent wiping properties of the heat fixing member, a heat fixing method using the cleaning device, and an image forming method.

An object of the present invention is to provide a cleaning device for a heat fixing member which is excellent in workability at the time of replacement, a heat fixing method using the cleaning device, and an image forming method.

An object of the present invention is to provide a heat fixing member capable of obtaining a fixed image having no sticky feeling even when a transparency film is used as the first recording material when image formation is temporarily stopped and then restarted. Cleaning equipment,
An object of the present invention is to provide a heat fixing method and an image forming method using the cleaning device.

An object of the present invention is to provide a cleaning device for a heat-fixing member, in which the fixing roller hardly peels off and which can extend the durable life of the fixing roller, a heat-fixing method and an image forming method using the cleaning device. To provide.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat fixing method and an image forming method capable of performing heat fixing and image formation excellent in low-temperature fixing property and offset resistance to a recording material over a long period of time.

An object of the present invention is to provide a heat fixing method and an image forming method capable of obtaining a high quality full color OHP sheet having excellent transparency.

[0035]

The above object is achieved by the following constitution of the present invention.

That is, the present invention relates to a cleaning device for a heat fixing member for cleaning the surface of a heat fixing member press-fitted with the toner image in order to heat and fix the toner image on a recording material. A cleaning member in contact with the surface of the heating and fixing member, and a wax b held by the cleaning member, wherein a contact angle between the wax b and the heating and fixing member at 100 ° C. is C; 200 with the heat fixing member
When the contact angle at C is D, the contact angles C and D
Relates to a cleaning device for a heat-fixing member, characterized by satisfying the following relationship: 60 ° ≦ C ≦ 80 ° 10 ° ≧ DC ≧ 3 °

Further, the present invention provides a step of carrying a toner image formed by toner on a recording material, and the recording material being heated by a heat fixing member which presses the toner image carried on the recording material against the toner image. And a step of cleaning the surface of the heat-fixing member with a cleaning device, wherein the cleaning device includes a cleaning member abutting on the surface of the heat-fixing member and a cleaning member held by the cleaning member. 100% of the wax b and the heat fixing member
When the contact angle at 200 ° C. is C and the contact angle between the wax b and the heat fixing member at 200 ° C. is D, the contact angles C and D have the following relationship: 60 ° C. 80 ° 10 ° D The present invention relates to a heat fixing method characterized by satisfying -C ≧ 3 °. Further, the present invention provides a step of forming an electrostatic latent image on the latent image carrier,
Developing the electrostatic latent image with toner to form a toner image, transferring the toner image to a recording material, and heat-fixing the toner image transferred on the recording material to pressure contact with the toner image An image forming method including a step of fixing the recording material with the member and a step of cleaning the surface of the heat fixing member with a cleaning device, wherein the cleaning device includes a cleaning member contacting the surface of the heat fixing member and the cleaning member; A wax b held by the member, and one of the wax b and the heat fixing member
When the contact angle at 00 ° C. is C and the contact angle between the wax b and the heat fixing member at 200 ° C. is D,
The present invention relates to an image forming method, wherein the contact angles C and D satisfy the following relationship: 60 ° ≦ C ≦ 80 ° 10 ° ≧ DC ≧ 3 °.

[0038]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As a result of intensive studies, the present inventor has found that a cleaning device for cleaning the surface of a heat fixing member for heat fixing a toner image on a recording material is in contact with the surface of the heat fixing member. By holding the wax b on the cleaning member, the wax b is softened or melted by contact with the heat fixing member heated to a high temperature, and the gap between the cleaning member and the heat fixing member is heated and fixed at a high temperature. When contacting the member, the wax b is softened or melted and can flow to fill the gap between the cleaning member and the heat fixing member, so that the cleaning member surface can be in close contact with the heat fixing member surface, and the heat fixing can be performed. Excellent effect of wiping the surface of the member can be exhibited, and the wax that has been softened or melted after fixing is solidified. It found that never sticky feeling occurs even with transparency film for OHP as fixed recording medium from that.

The wax b used in the present invention includes:
The melting point is preferably in the range of 30 to 150 ° C, more preferably in the range of 50 to 120 ° C.

When the melting point of the wax b is lower than 30 ° C., the recording material at the room temperature after fixing is also used in a portion where a recording material such as a transparency film which does not easily absorb the molten wax is used. The sticky feeling is likely to occur, and the wax b
Is in a solid state and has excellent workability without sticking or coating to the hands of workers.

When the melting point of the wax b exceeds 150 ° C., the fixing temperature must be set high in order to exhibit the function of the wax b as a release agent, which is not preferable in terms of energy saving. Furthermore, the wax b solidified at room temperature does not have sufficient melting time. For example, there is a possibility that the heating and fixing member may be damaged at the initial stage of turning on the power when the power is not turned on for a long time.

In the present invention, the melting point of the wax is AS
The temperature was defined as a temperature of a main peak value in an endothermic curve measured according to TM D3418-8.

The measurement according to ASTM D3418-8 is performed using, for example, DSC-7 manufactured by PerkinElmer. The temperature correction of the device detection unit uses the melting points of indium and zinc, and the heat quantity correction uses the heat of fusion of indium. For the sample, an empty pan was set in contrast to an aluminum pan, and the temperature was raised at a rate of 10 ° C./min. At a temperature in the range of 20 to 200 ° C.

The wax b held by the cleaning material used in the present invention is 10% of the wax b and the heat fixing member.
When the contact angle at 0 ° C. is C and the contact angle between the wax b and the heat fixing member at 200 ° C. is D, the contact angles C and D are as follows: 60 ° ≦ C ≦ 80 ° 10 ° ≧ DC ≧ 3 ° is preferably satisfied, and preferably, the following condition is satisfied: 60 ° ≦ C ≦ 72 ° 9 ° ≧ DC ≧ 4 °.

If the contact angle C between the wax b and the heat fixing member of the fixing device at 100 ° C. is in the range of 60 to 80 ° C., the wettability of the wax b with respect to the heat fixing member of the fixing device becomes appropriate. When fixing, wax b
A part or the whole of the toner appropriately covers the heat fixing member, and the toner can be fixed on the recording material without offsetting the toner. The difference between the contact angle C at 100 ° C. and the contact angle D at 200 ° C. When the angle is in the range of 3 ° to 10 °, good offset resistance can be maintained, and the life of the heat fixing member can be prolonged.

If the contact angle C exceeds 80 °, the wax b flies on the surface of the heat fixing member,
Since a region where the surface of the heat-fixing member cannot be cleaned is formed and a region where the effect of releasing the wax b from the surface of the heat-fixing member does not appear is formed, the durability of a large number of heat-fixing members decreases. At the same time, the offset resistance decreases.

When the contact angle C is less than 60 °,
Since the wettability of the wax b on the surface of the heat fixing member becomes too good, and the film of the wax b formed on the surface of the heat fixing member becomes too thin, the gap between the cleaning member and the heat fixing member is reduced. The wax b cannot be sufficiently filled, the adhesion between the cleaning member and the surface of the heat-fixing member is reduced, and the wiping property is reduced.
At the time of fixing, a thin film of the wax b is pushed off, so that the toner easily comes into direct contact with the surface of the heat fixing member, and the offset resistance is reduced.

When the value of the contact angle DC is less than 3 °, the melt viscosity of the wax b becomes too low.
Since the wax b easily flows on the surface of the heat-fixing member, the effect of the releasability is reduced, and in addition, a large amount of the wax migrates to the recording material side at the time of fixing, so that a streak of the wax b appears on the fixed image. May occur, or the gloss uniformity on the fixed image may be reduced.

If the value of the contact angle DC exceeds 10 °, the melt viscosity of the wax b becomes too high, the adhesion of the recording material to the heat fixing member increases, and the recording material at the time of fixing is increased. Is more likely to occur.

The wax b used in the present invention preferably has two or more peaks and / or shoulders in the molecular weight distribution by GPC using a double column, and further has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 400 to 400. 4
000 and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 200 to 4000. Mw of the wax b is more preferably 400 to 3000, still more preferably 400 to 2000, even more preferably 200 to 2000,
Most preferably, 200 to 1500 is good.

The Mn of the wax b is more preferably 200
To 3000, more preferably 200 to 2000,
More preferably, it is 150 to 2000, and most preferably, 200 to 1500.

When the Mw of the wax b is less than 400 or the Mn is less than 200, contamination of the heat fixing member is likely to occur due to low molecular weight components.

When the Mw of the wax b exceeds 4,000 or the Mn exceeds 4,000, the crystallinity of the wax itself develops and the transparency decreases.

Further, the wax b used in the present invention
Is the weight average molecular weight (Mw) / number average molecular weight (Mn) in the molecular weight distribution by GPC using a double column.
Is preferably 2 or less, more preferably 1.45 or less,
More preferably, it is not more than 1.30 in that the offset does not easily occur without contaminating the heat fixing member.

When the value of Mw / Mn of the wax b exceeds 2, transfer of a low molecular weight to the heat fixing member increases,
Offset and stickiness of the OHP sheet may be caused.

The wax b used in the present invention may achieve the above molecular weight distribution by a single wax or by mixing two or more waxes.
By having the above-mentioned molecular weight distribution, the crystallinity can be inhibited as a result, and the transparency can be further improved.

The method of blending two or more waxes is not particularly limited. For example, a media-type dispersing machine (ball mill, sand mill, attritor, apex mill, co-ball mill, handy mill, etc.) may be used at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the wax to be blended. ) Can be melt-blended, or the wax to be blended can be melted in a polymerizable monomer and blended with a media type disperser.

The wax b used in the present invention preferably has a solubility parameter (SP value) of 7.5 to 16.
3, more preferably 8.4 to 10.5, even more preferably 8.5 to 10.0.

If the SP value of the wax b is less than 7.5, the compatibility with the binder resin in the toner is poor, and transfer of the toner to the cleaning device is hindered.

When the SP value of the wax b exceeds 10.5, the water absorption becomes large, and the adsorbed water lowers the cleaning ability.

100 ° C. of wax b used in the present invention
Is preferably 1 to 50 mpas · sec, more preferably 3 to 30 mpas · sec.
sec.

The melt viscosity of wax b is 1 mpa · s
If it is lower than c, contamination of the heat fixing member occurs.

The melt viscosity of the wax b is 50 mpa · s
If the temperature exceeds ec, the external additive of the toner and the paper powder are retained on the surface of the cleaning member by the high-viscosity wax that is melted when rubbing against the heat-fixing member. hurt.

The Vickers hardness of the wax b used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 5.0, and more preferably, the Vickers hardness is 0.5 to 3.0.

If the Vickers hardness of the wax b is lower than 0.3, it is difficult to control the outflow amount of the wax b, and the wax b flows out of the cleaning portion in a short time, and the cleaning function is deteriorated.

When the Vickers hardness of the wax b exceeds 5.0, it is difficult to control the outflow amount of the wax b, and the wax cannot flow out unless it takes a longer time than the cleaning portion, so that the cleaning function cannot be exhibited.

The crystallinity of the wax b used in the present invention is preferably 10 to 50%, more preferably 20 to 35%.

If the crystallinity of the wax b is less than 10%, the wax b is oxidized and deteriorates after being left for a long period of time, so that the cleaning ability cannot be maintained and the wax b starts to stick at room temperature.

When the crystallinity of the wax b exceeds 50%, the transparency of the OHP image tends to deteriorate.

Examples of the wax b that can be used in the present invention include paraffin wax, polyolefin wax, modified products thereof (for example, oxides and graft-treated products), higher fatty acids, metal salts thereof, and amides. Wax, and ester-based wax.

Among them, a higher quality full color OHP
Ester wax is particularly preferred in that an image can be obtained.

In the present invention, examples of the method for producing the ester wax preferably used as the wax b include a synthesis method by an oxidation reaction, a synthesis from a carboxylic acid and a derivative thereof, and an ester group introduction reaction represented by a Michael addition reaction. Used. A particularly preferable method for producing the wax used in the present invention is a method using a dehydration condensation reaction of a carboxylic acid compound and an alcohol compound represented by the following formula (1) or a compound represented by the following formula (2) because of the variety of raw materials and ease of reaction. The reaction of a halide represented by) with an alcohol compound is particularly preferred.

[0073]

[Outside 2]

In the formula, R ₁ and R ₂ represent an organic group such as an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aralkyl group and an aromatic group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4. The organic group preferably has 1 to 50, preferably 2 to 45, more preferably 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and further preferably has a linear shape.

In order to transfer the above ester equilibrium reaction to the production system, a large excess of alcohol is used, or the reaction is carried out in an aromatic organic solvent capable of azeotropic distillation with water using a Dean-Stark water separator. . A method of synthesizing a polyester by adding a base as an acceptor of an acid by-produced in an aromatic organic solvent using an acid halide compound can also be used.

The cleaning device for a heat fixing member of the present invention is effective for a heat fixing member for fixing any one of a monochrome image, a monocolor image and a full color image.

In the case of a full-color image, three color toners of magenta toner, cyan toner and yellow toner or four color toners obtained by adding black toner to the color toners are used. It is necessary to use a binder resin that can be sufficiently melted at times, and when fixing a toner using such a binder resin, toner residue remaining on the surface of the heat-fixing member after fixing increases. It is more effective to use a fixing member cleaning device.

Further, as the toner used in the present invention, it is preferable to use a toner containing wax a in order to increase the offset resistance to the heat fixing member during fixing.

The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies and have found that the contact angle A at 100 ° C. between the wax a contained in the toner and the heated fixing member of the fixing device is in the range of 60 ° to 80 °. Since the wettability of the wax a with respect to the heat fixing member is appropriate, when the toner is melted to form a full-color OHP having excellent transparency, a part or all of the wax a appropriately covers the heat fixing member, In addition to being able to produce full-color OHP without offsetting the toner and exhibiting good low-temperature fixability,
Contact angle A at 100 ° C and contact angle B at 200 ° C
It has been found that when the difference from the above is in the range of 3 ° to 10 °, good offset resistance can be maintained and the life of the heat fixing member can be prolonged.

In the present invention, when the contact angle between the wax a contained in the toner and the heat fixing member of the fixing device at 100 ° C. is A, and the contact angle at 200 ° C. is B,
The contact angles A and B preferably satisfy the following relationship: 60 ° ≦ A ≦ 80 ° 10 ° ≧ BA ≧ 3 °, preferably, the following relationship: 60 ° ≦ A ≦ 72 ° 9 ° ≧ BA It is better to satisfy ≧ 4 °.

If the contact angle A is smaller than 60 °, the wax a finely dispersed in the unfixed toner or the wax a which is compatible with the binder is re-aggregated, and the color reproducibility is reduced, or the transmittance of full-color OHP is reduced. Or do it. If the contact angle A is larger than 80 °, it will not be possible to homogenize on the heating member, and as a result, uneven fixing and partial offset will occur, resulting in image defects.

When the value of the contact angle BA is smaller than 3 °, the compatibility of the wax a with the binder resin of the toner decreases, so that the fixing area becomes narrower and the transparency of the full-color OHP is reduced. No improvement can be achieved. When the value of BA of the contact angle is larger than 10 °,
When a recording material having a large heat capacity such as cardboard or transparency is used, the temperature change of the surface layer of the heat fixing member is large, and as a result, the wettability of the wax a to the heat fixing member changes, resulting in a uniform glossy image. You won't get it.

The wax a contained in the toner used in the present invention has an excessive affinity with a binder resin to exhibit good low-temperature fixability and anti-offset properties, and has high hydrophobicity and low melting point. And those having low crystallinity are preferred.

The wax a contained in the toner used in the present invention preferably has at least two peaks and / or shoulders in the molecular weight distribution by GPC using a double column, and further has a weight average molecular weight. (Mw) is preferably from 400 to 4000, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably from 200 to 4000. Mw of the wax a is more preferably 400 to 3
000, more preferably 400-2000, even more preferably 200-2000, most preferably 2
00 to 1500 is good. Mn of the wax a is more preferably 200 to 3000, and further preferably 200
To 2000, even more preferably 150 to 200
0, most preferably 200 to 1500.

When the Mw of the wax a is less than 400 or the Mn is less than 200, the blocking resistance of the toner is remarkably deteriorated. When Mw of wax a exceeds 400 or Mn exceeds 4000, the crystallinity of the wax itself is developed, and the transparency is significantly deteriorated.

The wax a contained in the toner used in the present invention has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) / number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1.45 or less, preferably, in a molecular weight distribution by GPC using a double column. It is more preferably 1.30 or less in terms of uniformity of a fixed image, good transferability of toner, and prevention of contamination of a contact charging unit for charging by contacting the photoreceptor.

If the value of Mw / Mn of the wax a exceeds 1.45, the fluidity of the toner decreases, so that the gloss unevenness of the fixed image tends to occur. Contamination to members is likely to occur.

The wax a contained in the toner used in the present invention may achieve the above-mentioned molecular weight distribution by a single wax or by mixing two or more waxes. By having the above-mentioned molecular weight distribution, the crystallinity can be inhibited as a result, and the transparency can be further improved.

The method of blending two or more waxes is not particularly limited. For example, a media-type dispersing machine (ball mill, sand mill, attritor, apex mill, co-ball mill, handy mill, etc.) may be used at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the wax to be blended. ) Can be used for melt blending, or the wax to be blended can be dissolved in a polymerizable monomer and blended with a media type disperser. At this time, a pigment, a charge control agent, and a polymerization initiator may be used as additives.

The wax a contained in the toner used in the present invention has a solubility parameter (SP value) of preferably 7.5 to 16.3, more preferably 8.4 to 10.5, and still more preferably. It is preferable to be in the range of 8.5 to 10.0. When the SP value of the wax a is less than 7.5, the compatibility with the binder resin to be used is poor, and as a result, good dispersion in the binder resin is difficult to obtain. Sufficient transparency cannot be obtained. When the SP value of the wax a exceeds 10.5, the toner tends to be blocked when the toner is stored for a long period of time, and further, the fixing is performed at the time of fixing because the compatibility between the binder resin and the wax a is too good. It is difficult to form a sufficient release layer between the member and the toner binder resin layer, and the offset phenomenon is likely to occur.

In order to obtain a sufficiently transparent OHP image with a low heat capacity of the fixing device, the wax a
It is important to reduce the crystallinity of the wax b held by the cleaning member. Normally, some undissolved toner grain boundaries that did not dissolve even after fixing exist, or the crystallinity of the wax layer reduces effective light transmittance due to irregular reflection of light, resulting in a reduction in haze. Sometimes.
Furthermore, even if the components mixed in the toner are sufficiently dissolved at the time of fixing, if the difference in the refractive index between the melted toner layer and the wax layer formed between the fixing members is large, this also causes irregular reflection of light. It is not preferable because it causes.

The increase in irregular reflection of light leads to a decrease in the brightness of a projected image and a decrease in the sharpness of colors. In particular, when a reflective overhead projector is used, this problem is further increased than when a transmissive overhead projector is used.

That is, in order to lower the crystallinity of the waxes a and b, it is important to lower the crystallinity of the waxes a and b alone. Further, in order to prevent unmelted toner grain boundaries from being present in the toner fixing layer, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the binder resin and the melting points (m
A material having a small melting enthalpy (ΔH), which is the latent heat of the waxes a and b, is particularly preferable in order to make p) as close as possible and to quickly dissolve it with a low energy amount.
Further, the molten wax layer is rapidly transferred or present between the binder resin layer and the heat-fixing member, and forms an anti-offset layer. Therefore, the difference in solubility parameter (SP) between the binder resin and the waxes a and b is appropriately adjusted. Adjustment is preferred.

Specific examples which are preferable for the present invention from such a viewpoint will be described below in detail.

In the present invention, polyester resins, styrene-acrylic resins, epoxy resins, or styrene-butadiene resins are preferably used as the binder resin of the toner. Those having a refractive index close to that of the resin are preferable.

The difference in refractive index between the binder resin and the wax a or b is 0.18 or less at a temperature of 25 ° C., more preferably 0.10 or less. Refractive index difference is 0.18
When the value exceeds, the transparency of the OHP image is likely to be reduced, and particularly, a halftone projected image is not preferable because the brightness becomes low.

The melting point of the wax a contained in the toner used in the present invention is preferably from 30 to 150 ° C., more preferably from 50 to 120 ° C. If the melting point of the wax a is lower than 30 ° C., the blocking resistance of the toner, the suppression of sleeve contamination during copying of a large number of sheets, and the prevention of contamination of the photoreceptor are likely to be reduced. Wax a
When the melting point of the toner exceeds 150 ° C., excessive energy is required for uniform mixing with the binder resin in the production method of the toner by the pulverization method. However, since the size of the apparatus is increased due to an increase in viscosity or the amount of compatibility is limited, it is not preferable because it is difficult to incorporate a large amount of the apparatus.

The melt viscosity at 100 ° C. of the wax a contained in the toner used in the present invention is 1 to 50 mp.
as · sec, more preferably 3
To 30 mpas · sec.

The melt viscosity of wax a is 1 mpa · s
If lower than c, when the toner layer is thinly coated on the sleeve by a toner layer thickness regulating member that regulates the toner layer thickness by an elastic force such as an elastic blade in a one-component developing method,
Sleeve contamination is likely to occur due to mechanical shearing force, or damage is likely to occur due to shearing force between toner and carrier when developing toner using a carrier in a two-component developing method, and burying of external additives and The toner is easily broken. When the melt viscosity of the wax a exceeds 50 mpa · sec, when producing a toner using a polymerization method,
The viscosity of the dispersoid is too high, and it is not easy to obtain a toner having a fine particle diameter having a uniform particle diameter, and the toner tends to have a wide particle size distribution.

The Vickers hardness of the wax a contained in the toner used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 5.0, and more preferably, the Vickers hardness is 0.5 to 3.0.

A toner containing wax a having a Vickers hardness lower than 0.3 is easily broken at a cleaning portion of a copying machine in copying a large number of sheets, and the toner is liable to fuse on the surface of a drum, resulting in black on an image. In addition to the fact that streaks are likely to occur, when multiple image samples are stacked and stored, toner is transferred to the surface and so-called show-through tends to occur, which is not preferable. A toner containing wax a having a Vickers hardness of more than 5.0 requires a high pressing force for a fixing device used for heat fixing, so that the fixing device needs to have a strength design more than necessary, which is not preferable. When fixing is performed using a pressure fixing device, the offset resistance tends to decrease, which is not preferable.

The crystallinity of the wax a contained in the toner used in the present invention is preferably 10 to 50%, more preferably 20 to 35%.

When the crystallinity of the wax a is less than 10%, the storage stability and the fluidity of the toner are liable to deteriorate. If the crystallinity of the wax a exceeds 50%, the transparency of the OHP image tends to deteriorate.

The wax a contained in the toner usable in the present invention includes, for example, paraffin wax, polyolefin wax, modified products thereof (for example, oxides and graft-treated products), higher fatty acids, and Examples thereof include metal salts, amide waxes, and ester waxes.

Among them, higher quality full-color OHP
Ester wax is particularly preferred in that an image can be obtained.

In the present invention, the ester wax preferably used for the wax a includes the aforementioned wax b
What was prepared by the same manufacturing method as the ester wax preferably used as the above is preferable.

The wax a is used in an amount of 1 to 40 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin of the toner.
It is good to mix by weight.

In a pulverized toner production method in which a mixture containing a binder resin, a colorant and wax a is melt-kneaded, cooled, pulverized and then classified to obtain toner particles, the amount of wax a added is 100 parts by weight of binder resin. It is preferably used in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 7 parts by weight.

In a polymerization toner production method in which toner particles are directly obtained by polymerizing a mixture containing a polymerizable monomer, a colorant and wax a, the amount of wax a to be added is as follows. 2 to 40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin synthesized by polymerization of the polymerizable monomer,
More preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight, further preferably 10
It is preferred to use up to 20 parts by weight.

Compared with the pulverized toner production method, in the polymerization toner production method, the wax a used is lower in polarity than the binder resin, so that in the polymerization method in an aqueous medium, a large amount of wax is easily encapsulated inside the toner particles. As compared with the above, a large amount of wax a can be used, which is particularly effective for the effect of preventing offset during fixing.

When the amount of the wax a is less than the lower limit, the effect of preventing offset tends to decrease.
The blocking resistance is reduced and the offset resistance is likely to be adversely affected, and drum fusion and sleeve fusion are likely to occur. Particularly, in the case of a polymerization toner production method, a toner having a wide particle size distribution tends to be generated.

As the binder resin used in the toner of the present invention, the following binder resins can be used.

For example, homopolymers of styrene and its substituted substances such as polystyrene, poly-p-chlorostyrene and polyvinyltoluene; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene Copolymer, styrene-acrylate copolymer, styrene-methacrylate copolymer, styrene-α-chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-
Styrene such as vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer -Based copolymer; polyvinyl chloride; phenolic resin; natural modified phenolic resin; natural resin modified maleic resin; acrylic resin; methacrylic resin; polyvinyl acetate; silicone resin; polyester resin; polyurethane; polyamide resin; furan resin; A xylene resin; a polyvinyl butyral; a terpene resin; a cumarone indene resin; Preferred binders include styrene copolymers and polyester resins.

Examples of the comonomer for the styrene monomer of the styrene copolymer include acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and the like.
Double bonds such as dodecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide Or a substituted product thereof; for example, dicarboxylic acid having a double bond such as maleic acid, butyl maleate, methyl maleate, or dimethyl maleate and a substituted product thereof; for example, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, benzoic acid Vinyl esters such as vinyl acid; for example, ethylene-based olefins such as ethylene, propylene, and butylene; for example, vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone and vinyl hexyl ketone; Vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl ethers such as vinyl isobutyl ether; such vinyl monomers are used alone or two or more.

In the present invention, the TH of the binder resin of the toner is
The number average molecular weight of the F-soluble component is 3,000 to 1,000,000.
00 is preferred.

The styrene-based polymer or styrene-based copolymer may be cross-linked, or may be a mixed resin of a cross-linked resin and a non-cross-linked resin.

As the crosslinking agent for the binder resin, a compound having mainly two or more polymerizable double bonds may be used. For example, aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinylnaphthalene; carboxylic acid esters having two double bonds such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 1,3-butadiol dimethacrylate; Divinyl compounds such as, divinylaniline, divinylether, divinylsulfide, divinylsulfone; and 3
Compounds having at least two vinyl groups are used alone or as a mixture.

The amount of the cross-linking agent to be added is as follows.
0.001 to 10 parts by weight based on 00 parts by weight is preferred.

The toner of the present invention may contain a charge control agent.

The following substances control the toner to be negatively charged.

For example, organic metal compounds and chelate compounds are effective, and monoazo metal compounds, acetylacetone metal compounds, aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, and aromatic dicarboxylic acid-based metal compounds are preferably used. Further, aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aromatic mono- and polycarboxylic acids and their metal salts, their anhydrides, their esters, their phenol derivatives such as bisphenol; urea derivatives; metal-containing salicylic acid-based compounds; Metal naphthoic acid compound; boron compound;
Quaternary ammonium salts; calixarenes; silicon compounds; styrene-acrylic acid copolymers; styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers; styrene-acrylic-sulfonic acid copolymers; and nonmetal carboxylic acid compounds.

The following substances control the toner to be positively charged.

For example, analogs of nigrosine; denatured products with fatty acid metal salts; guanidine compounds; imidazole compounds; quaternary ammonium salts such as tributylbenzine ammonium-1-hydroxy-4-naphthosulfonate and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate. Lake pigments of onium salts such as phosphonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts or onium salts; triphenylmethane dyes and these lake pigments (for example, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungsten molybdic acid Tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid, ferricyanide, ferrocyanide); metal salts of higher fatty acids; dibutyltin oxide;
Diorganotin oxides such as dioctyltin oxide and dicyclohexyltin oxide; and diorganotin borates such as dibutyltin borate, dioctyltin borate and dicyclohexyltin borate. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, a charge control agent such as a nigrosine-based or quaternary ammonium salt is particularly preferably used from the viewpoint of good charge rising.

These charge control agents are used in an amount of 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the resin component of the toner.
It is preferable to use 2 to 4 parts by weight.

As the colorant of the toner used in the present invention, carbon black, a magnetic substance, and those toned to black using a yellow colorant, a magenta colorant or a cyan colorant shown below are used. You.

As the yellow colorant, a condensed azo compound, an isoindolinone compound, an anthraquinone compound,
An azo metal complex and a methine compound are used. Specifically, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 1
5, 17, 62, 74, 83, 93, 94, 95, 10
9, 110, 111, 128, 129, 147, 168
Or 180 is suitably used.

As the magenta coloring agent, condensed azo compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, anthraquinones, quinacridone compounds, basic dye lake compounds, naphthol compounds, benzimidazolone compounds, thioindigo compounds and perylene compounds are used. Specifically, C.I.
I. Pigment Red 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 23, 4
8: 2, 48: 3, 48: 4, 57: 1, 81: 1, 1
44, 146, 166, 169, 177, 184, 18
5, 202, 206, 220, 221 or 254 are preferably used.

As the cyan coloring agent, copper phthalocyanine compounds and derivatives thereof, anthraquinone compounds and basic dye lake compounds are used. Specifically, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 1, 7, 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 1
5: 3, 15: 4, 60, 62 or 66 can be particularly preferably used. These colorants can be used alone, in a mixture or in a solid solution state. In the present invention, the colorant is selected in consideration of the hue angle, saturation, brightness, weather resistance, OHP transparency, and dispersibility in the toner.
In the toner used in the present invention, the amount of the colorant is preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin.

Further, in the present invention, the toner can be used as a magnetic toner further containing a magnetic material.
In this case, the magnetic material can also serve as a colorant.

In the present invention, examples of the magnetic material contained in the magnetic toner include iron oxides such as magnetite, hematite, and ferrite; metals such as iron, cobalt, and nickel; and metals such as aluminum, cobalt, copper, and the like. Lead, magnesium, tin, zinc, antimony,
Alloys with metals such as beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, manganese, selenium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium and mixtures thereof.

The magnetic material used in the present invention is more preferably surface-modified. When a magnetic toner is obtained by a polymerization toner production method, it is preferable to modify the surface with a surface modifier that is a substance that does not inhibit polymerization of the polymerizable monomer. Examples of such a surface modifier include silane cups. Ring agents and titanium coupling agents can be mentioned.

These ferromagnetic materials as magnetic materials have an average particle of preferably 2 μm or less, more preferably 0.1 μm or less.
It is preferably about 0.5 μm.

The amount of the magnetic material contained in the magnetic toner is preferably from 10 to 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin component.
00 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 100 parts by weight.

The magnetic material has a coercive force (Hc) of 20 to 300 Oersted when applied with 10K Oersted.
It preferably has a saturation magnetization (σs) of 50 to 200 emu / g and a residual magnetization (σr) of 2 to 20 emu / g.

Additives for imparting various toner properties may have a particle size of not more than 1/5 of the volume average particle size of the toner particles from the viewpoint of durability when added to the toner or when added to the toner. preferable. The particle size of the additive means an average particle size obtained by observing the surface of the toner particles with an electron microscope. As additives for imparting these properties, for example, the following are used.

Examples of the fluidity-imparting agent include metal oxides such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and titanium oxide;
Carbon black; and carbon fluoride.
Each of these is preferably subjected to a hydrophobic treatment.

Examples of the abrasive include metal oxides such as strontium titanate, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and chromium oxide; nitrides such as silicon nitride; carbides such as silicon carbide; and calcium sulfate, barium sulfate and Metal salts such as calcium carbonate are mentioned.

Examples of the lubricant include fluororesin powders such as vinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene; and fatty acid metal salts such as zinc stearate and calcium stearate.

As the charge controlling particles, for example, tin oxide,
Metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide and aluminum oxide; and carbon black.

These additives are preferably used in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the toner particles. These additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Next, a method for producing the toner used in the present invention will be described. The toner used in the present invention can be manufactured using a pulverized toner manufacturing method and a polymerized toner manufacturing method.

In the present invention, a method for producing a pulverized toner includes a binder resin, wax a, a pigment as a colorant, a dye or a magnetic substance, a charge control agent and other additives as necessary.
The resulting mixture is melt-kneaded using a hot kneader such as a heating roll, a kneader, or an extruder to mix the resin components with each other while mixing the metal compounds with each other using a mixing machine such as a Henschel mixer or a ball mill. Pigments, dyes, and magnetic substances are dispersed or dissolved; the resulting kneaded product is cooled and solidified, and then pulverized and classified to obtain a toner.

Further, if necessary, the toner and the desired additive are sufficiently mixed by a mixer such as a Henschel mixer.
The toner used in the present invention can be obtained.

In the present invention, a method for producing a polymerized toner is, for example, a method of atomizing a molten mixture into air using a disk or a multi-fluid nozzle described in JP-B-56-13945 to obtain spherical toner particles; Japanese Patent Publication No. 36-
No. 10231, JP-A-59-53856 and JP-A-59-61842, in which toner particles are directly produced using a suspension polymerization method; An emulsion polymerization method typified by a dispersion polymerization method of directly producing toner particles using an aqueous organic solvent in which the resulting polymer is unnecessary or a soap-free polymerization method of directly polymerizing in the presence of a water-soluble polar polymerization initiator to produce toner particles; A method in which a primary polar emulsion polymerized particle is prepared in advance, and then a polar particle having an opposite charge is added thereto to produce a toner by a heteroaggregation method in which the particles are associated with each other.

Of these, a method in which toner particles are produced by directly polymerizing a monomer composition containing at least a polymerizable monomer, a colorant and wax a is preferred.

However, in the dispersion polymerization method, the obtained toner shows an extremely sharp particle size distribution, but the selection of materials to be used is narrow, and the use of an organic solvent has an effect on the treatment of waste solvent and the flammability of the solvent. From the viewpoint, the manufacturing apparatus is complicated and complicated. Therefore, a method of directly polymerizing a monomer composition containing at least a polymerizable monomer, a colorant and a wax in an aqueous medium to form toner particles is more preferable. However, the emulsion polymerization method represented by soap-free polymerization is effective because the particle size distribution of the toner is relatively uniform, but when the used emulsifier and the terminal of the initiator are present on the surface of the toner particles, the environmental characteristics are likely to deteriorate.

Therefore, in the present invention, the suspension polymerization method under normal pressure or under pressure, which can easily obtain a fine particle toner having a sharp particle size distribution, is particularly preferable. Further, a so-called seed polymerization method in which a monomer is further adsorbed on the obtained polymer particles and then polymerized using a polymerization initiator can also be suitably used in the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the toner used in the present invention, wax a is encapsulated in an outer shell resin layer in a toner tomographic plane measurement method using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A large amount of wax a from the viewpoint of fixability
It is preferable that the wax a be included in the outer shell resin layer from the viewpoint of preservability and fluidity of the toner because it is necessary to incorporate the wax into the toner. In the case where the toner is not included, the dispersion of the wax a cannot be uniform, and as a result, the particle size distribution is widened, and the toner is easily fused to the mounting. As a specific method for encapsulating the wax a, the polarity of the material in the aqueous medium is set to be smaller for the wax a than for the main monomer, and a small amount of a polar resin or monomer is further added. As a result, a toner having a so-called core-shell structure in which the wax a is covered with the outer resin layer can be obtained. Control of the particle size distribution and particle size of the toner can be achieved by changing the type or amount of a poorly water-soluble inorganic salt or dispersant that acts as a protective colloid; mechanical device conditions, such as the peripheral speed of the rotor, the number of passes, The predetermined toner of the present invention can be obtained by controlling the stirring conditions such as the shape of the stirring blade, the shape of the container, or the solid content concentration in the aqueous solution.

A specific method for measuring the tomographic plane of the toner in the present invention is to disperse the toner sufficiently in a room temperature curable epoxy resin and then cure it in an atmosphere at a temperature of 40 ° C. for 2 days. The cured product is stained with ruthenium tetroxide or, if necessary, with osmium tetroxide, and then a flaky sample is cut out using a microtome with diamond teeth, and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is performed. The tomographic morphology of the used toner was measured. In the present invention, it is preferable to use a ruthenium tetroxide dyeing method in order to give a contrast between materials by utilizing a slight difference in crystallinity between the wax a used and the resin constituting the outer shell resin layer.

In the case where the direct polymerization method is used in the toner production method of the present invention, the toner can be specifically produced by the following production method. Wax a, a colorant, a charge control agent, a polymerization initiator and other additives are added to the monomer, and a homogenizer, a monomer system uniformly dissolved or dispersed by a disperser such as an ultrasonic disperser,
It is dispersed in an aqueous phase containing a dispersion stabilizer by a conventional stirrer or a stirrer such as a homomixer or a homogenizer. Preferably, the stirring speed and time are adjusted so that the monomer droplets have the desired size of the toner particles, and the granulation is performed.
After that, by the action of the dispersion stabilizer, stirring may be performed to such an extent that the particle state is maintained and the particles are prevented from settling. The polymerization is carried out at a polymerization temperature of 40 ° C. or higher, preferably 50 to 90 ° C. The temperature may be raised in the latter half of the polymerization reaction, and furthermore, in order to remove unreacted polymerizable monomers and by-products that cause odor at the time of fixing the toner, in the latter half of the reaction, or after the completion of the reaction, a part of aqueous solution is used. The medium is preferably distilled off.
After completion of the reaction, the generated toner particles are collected by washing and filtration, and dried. In the suspension polymerization method, it is usually preferable to use 300 to 3000 parts by weight of water as a dispersion medium with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monomer system.

When a toner is directly obtained by a polymerization method, the polymerizable monomer may be a styrene-based monomer such as styrene, o (m-, p-)-methylstyrene, m (p-)-ethylstyrene or the like. Body; methyl (meth) acrylate, (meth)
Ethyl acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate,
(Meth) such as dodecyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, behenyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, and diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate ) Acrylic ester monomers: Ene monomers such as butadiene, isoprene, cyclohexene, (meth) acrylonitrile and acrylamide are preferably used.

In the present invention, in order to form a core-shell structure in the toner, it is preferable to use a polar resin in combination. Examples of polar resins such as polar polymers and polar copolymers that can be used in the present invention are given below.

Examples of the polar resin include a polymer of a nitrogen-containing monomer such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate or a copolymer of a nitrogen-containing monomer and a styrene-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester; acrylonitrile; Nitrile monomers such as vinyl chloride; halogen-containing monomers such as vinyl chloride; unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; unsaturated dibasic acids; unsaturated dibasic anhydrides; Coalesced copolymers thereof and styrene-based monomers; polyesters; epoxy resins. More preferred are a copolymer of styrene and (meth) acrylic acid, a maleic acid copolymer, a saturated polyester resin, and an epoxy resin.

Examples of the polymerization initiator include, for example, 2,2'-
Azobis- (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,
2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 1,1'-azobis (cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), 2,2 '
Azo or diazo polymerization initiators such as azobis-4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile and azobisisobutyronitrile; benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, diisopropyl peroxycarbonate, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butylhydrogen Peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide,
Peroxide initiators such as dicumyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, 2,2-bis (4,4-t-butylperoxycyclohexyl) propane and tris- (t-butylperoxy) triazine A polymeric initiator having a peroxide in the side chain; persulfates such as potassium and ammonium persulfate; hydrogen peroxide; These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The amount of the polymerization initiator to be added is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.

In the present invention, known crosslinking agents and chain transfer agents may be added in order to control the molecular weight. A preferable addition amount is 0.001 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer. Department.

In the present invention, a suitable inorganic compound or organic compound may be used as a dispersion medium for producing a polymerization toner by a polymerization method using emulsion polymerization, dispersion polymerization, suspension polymerization, seed polymerization, or heteroaggregation. It is preferred to use a compound stabilizer. As a stabilizer for inorganic compounds,
For example, tricalcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, zinc phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium metasilicate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, bentonite, silica And alumina. As stabilizers for organic compounds,
For example, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, ethylcellulose, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid and its salts, starch, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, poly (hydroxystearic acid-g-methyl methacrylate-) (eu-methacrylic acid) copolymer and a nonionic or ionic surfactant.

When the emulsion polymerization method and the hetero-aggregation method are used, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant,
Zwitterionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants are used as stabilizers. It is preferable to use 0.2 to 30 parts by weight of these stabilizers based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.

When an inorganic compound is used among these stabilizers, a commercially available one may be used as it is, but in order to obtain fine particles, the inorganic compound stabilizer is formed in a dispersion medium. Is also good.

For finely dispersing these stabilizers, a surfactant may be used in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer. This surfactant is for promoting the stabilizing action of the dispersion stabilizer. Specific examples of this surfactant include sodium dodecylbenzenesulfone, sodium tetradecyl sulfate,
Examples include sodium pentadecyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate, sodium oleate, sodium laurate, potassium stearate, and calcium oleate.

In the present invention, as the colorant used in the polymerization method toner, it is necessary to pay attention to the polymerization inhibitory property and the water phase migration property of the colorant. It is better to perform a hydrophobic treatment without any. In particular, many dyes and carbon blacks have polymerization inhibitory properties, so care must be taken when using them.
As a preferable method for surface-treating the dye system, a method in which a polymerizable monomer is previously polymerized in the presence of these dyes is mentioned, and the obtained colored polymer is added to the monomer system. Carphocene black may be treated with a substance that reacts with the surface functional groups of carbon black, such as polyorganosilixane, in addition to the same treatment as the above dye.

The toner used in the present invention preferably has an appropriate SP value difference between the wax a or b and the binder resin as described above. Specifically, the SP value of the binder resin is
It is higher than the SP value of wax a or b, and this difference in SP value is preferably 6.0 to 15.0, more preferably 7.
0 to 14.0 is preferable.

The difference in SP value between wax a and the binder resin is 6.
If it is less than 0, the wax a tends to come out on the surface of the toner, and as a result, not only the preservability of the toner is lowered but also the contamination of the charging member is liable to occur. Wax a
When the SP value difference between the resin and the binder resin exceeds 15.0,
The dispersibility (compatibility) of the wax a in the binder resin is deteriorated, and accordingly, the dispersibility of the coloring material is also impaired, making it difficult to obtain a toner having a uniform coloring power.

The difference in SP value between wax b and the binder resin is 6.
If the value is less than 0, the affinity between the wax b and the toner containing the binder resin is high, and the cleaning or the toner is melted and mixed with the wax b to be applied to the surface of the heat fixing member. There is fear.

An SP value difference between the wax b and the binder resin is 1
If it exceeds 5.0, the affinity between the wax b and the toner containing the binder resin is low, and the cleaning property is reduced. The SP value of the binder resin is preferably 16 to 2
More preferably, it is 17 to 23.

If the SP value of the binder resin is less than 16, the rise due to contact with a charging member such as a carrier is deteriorated, and as a result, fogging toner is scattered.

When the SP value of the binder resin exceeds 24, the chargeability of the toner is reduced particularly under high humidity, and the image quality is deteriorated.

Further, the melting point of the wax a or b is higher than the glass transition temperature of the binder resin, and the temperature difference is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 75 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 50 ° C. or lower. good.

When the temperature difference between the melting point of the wax a and the glass transition temperature of the binder resin exceeds 100 ° C., the low-temperature fixability decreases. Further, if the temperature difference between the melting point of the wax a and the glass transition temperature of the binder resin is too close, the temperature range in which both the storability of the toner and the anti-high-temperature offset property are narrowed. It is preferable that the temperature is at least 2 ° C or higher.

If the temperature difference between the melting point of the wax b and the glass transition temperature of the binder resin exceeds 100 ° C., the cleaning property will deteriorate.

Further, if the temperature difference between the melting point of the wax b and the glass transition temperature of the binder resin is too close, the storage stability of the fixed image is reduced, so that it is preferably at least 2 ° C. good.

The glass transition temperature of the binder resin is preferably from 40 to 90 ° C., more preferably from 50 to 85 ° C.

When the glass transition temperature of the binder resin is lower than 40 ° C., the storage stability of the toner is lowered and the fluidity is deteriorated, so that a good image cannot be obtained.

When the glass transition temperature of the binder resin exceeds 90 ° C., the low-temperature fixability is inferior, and the transparency of full-color transparency is deteriorated. In particular, the halftone portion tends to be dull and a projection image without saturation is likely to be obtained.

In the present invention, the temperature difference between the melting point of wax a contained in the toner and the melting point of wax b used in the cleaning device is preferably | 75 ° C. |
More preferably, | 50 ° C | or less, still more preferably,
It is good that they are the same.

When the melting point of the wax b is higher than 75 ° C. than the melting point of the wax a, the wax a is held by the cleaning member at a good fixing temperature of the toner which sufficiently functions as a release agent. The exudation of the wax is not sufficiently performed, and the desired cleaning property cannot be exhibited.

Conversely, the melting point of wax a is higher than the melting point of wax b.
If the melting point of the wax is higher than 75 ° C., the melting point viscosity of the wax b becomes too low at a good fixing temperature of the toner in which the wax a sufficiently functions as a release agent, and the heat fixing member is contaminated. Easy to do.

In the present invention, the toner can be used for either a one-component developer or a two-component developer.

In the case of a magnetic toner in which a magnetic substance is contained in a toner as a one-component developer, there is a method in which a magnet incorporated in a developing sleeve is used to transport and charge the magnetic toner.

Further, when a non-magnetic toner containing no magnetic material is used as a one-component developer, a blade and a fur brush are used to forcibly triboelectrically charge the toner with a developing sleeve and adhere the toner on the developing sleeve. There is a method of transporting by pressing.

When used as a two-component developer, a carrier is used together with the toner. The carrier used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is mainly composed of iron, copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, manganese, a single ferrite and a composite ferrite composed of a metal oxide such as chromium. You. Carrier shape is also important because saturation magnetization and electrical resistance can be controlled over a wide range.
For example, it is preferable to select a shape such as a spherical shape, a flat shape, and an irregular shape, and to further control the fine structure of the carrier surface state, for example, the surface unevenness.

In the present invention, the carrier is prepared by calcining and granulating the above-mentioned metal oxide to form carrier core particles in advance and then coating the resin, thereby reducing the load on the toner of the carrier. From the implication, after kneading the inorganic oxide and the resin, pulverizing and classifying to obtain a low-density inorganic oxide dispersed carrier, and further, directly kneading the kneaded product of the inorganic oxide and the monomer in an aqueous medium by suspension polymerization. It is possible to use one obtained by a method for obtaining a spherical inorganic oxide dispersed carrier.

It is particularly preferable that the surface of the carrier is coated with a resin. As the method, any conventionally known method of coating a resin with a carrier, such as a method of dissolving or suspending a coating material such as a resin in a solvent, applying the coating material, and attaching the coating material to a carrier, or a method of simply mixing with a powder, can be applied.

The coating material on the carrier surface varies depending on the toner material. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene,
Monochlorotrifluoroethylene polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone resin, polyester resin, metal compound of ditersharry butylsalicylic acid, styrene resin, acrylic resin, polyamide, polyvinyl butyral, nigrosine, amino acrylate resin, basic dye and its lake, Silica fine powder and alumina powder are mentioned. These are suitably used alone or in combination.

The amount of treatment (coating) of the coating material is preferably 0.01 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the carrier after the treatment.

The carrier preferably has an average particle size of 1
It is good to have 0-100 micrometers, More preferably, it is 20-50 micrometers.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the surface of the ferrite is (i) a combination of a fluorine resin and a styrene resin (for example, a combination of polyvinylidene fluoride and a styrene-methyl methacrylate resin, polytetrafluoroethylene And a styrene-methyl methacrylate resin, a combination of a fluorine-based copolymer and a styrene-based copolymer), preferably 90:10 to 20:80, more preferably 70:30 to 30:70. (Ii) a silicone resin, preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight.
Coated ferrite carriers.

As the fluorine-based copolymer, a vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (10:90 to 9
0:10). As the styrene-based copolymer, a styrene-2-nitylhexyl acrylate copolymer (2
0: 80-80: 20), styrene-2-ethylhexyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer (20-6)
0: 5 to 30:10 to 50).

The coated ferrite carrier has a sharp particle size distribution, provides favorable triboelectric charging properties to the toner used in the present invention, and has the effect of improving electrophotographic properties.

In the present invention, when a two-component developer is prepared by mixing a toner and a carrier, the mixing ratio is from 2% by weight to 15% by weight, preferably from 4% by weight as a toner concentration in the developer. Good results are obtained with 13% by weight. When the toner density is less than 2%, the image density is low. When the toner density is more than 15%, fog and scattering in the machine are increased, and the useful life of the developer is shortened.

Further, the magnetic properties of the carrier are preferably as follows. The saturation magnetization is preferably ^{20 to} 90 Am ² / kg, and more preferably 30 to 70 Am ² / kg in order to achieve higher image quality. When the saturation magnetization is larger than 90 Am ² / kg, it is difficult to obtain a high quality toner image. Saturation magnetization is 20 Am ² /
If the weight is less than kg, carrier adhesion is likely to occur because the magnetic binding force is also reduced.

The methods for measuring various physical properties used in the present invention are described below.

(1) Contact Angle In the present invention, the contact angles A, B, C and D were measured by molding a thin piece of the surface layer material of the heat-fixing member (about 5 mm thick) and using a CA-X type manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science. It was measured by the drop method.

(2) Molecular weight distribution In the present invention, the molecular weight distribution of waxes a and b is determined by GPC.
Is measured under the following conditions. (GPC measurement conditions) Apparatus: GPC-150C (manufactured by Waters) Column: GMH-HT 30 cm 2 columns (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) Temperature: 135 ° C Solvent: o-dichlorobenzene (added with 0.1% ionol) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min sample: 0.4 ml of 0.15% sample injected

Measurement is performed under the above conditions, and the molecular weight of the sample is calculated using a molecular weight calibration curve prepared from a monodisperse polystyrene standard sample. In addition, Mark-Hou
The molecular weight is calculated by converting to polyethylene using a conversion formula derived from the win viscosity formula.

(3) Solubility Parameter In the present invention, the wax a, b and the binder resin solubility parameter (SP) value are determined by adding F using the additive property of the atomic group.
edors method [Polym. Eng. Sci. , 1
4 (2) 147 (1974)].

(4) Melt Viscosity In the present invention, the melt viscosities of the waxes a and b were measured by a method using a cone plate type rotor (PK-1) with VT-500 manufactured by HAAKE.

(5) Vickers Hardness In the present invention, the hardness of the waxes a and b is measured, for example, by using a Shimadzu Dynamic Ultra Micro Hardness Tester (DUH-200).
It measured by the measuring method using. The measurement conditions were as follows. After displacing the sample by 10 μm under a load of 0.5 g under a load speed of 9.67 mg / sec using a Vickers shogi and holding it for 15 seconds, the dents on the sample were analyzed to determine the Vickers hardness. As a sample, a sample previously melted using a mold having a diameter of 20 mmφ is molded into a column having a thickness of 5 mm.

(6) Crystallinity In the present invention, the crystallinity of the waxes a and b is measured by the following formula from the area ratio between the amorphous scattering peak and the crystal scattering peak without using a calibration curve.

[0200]

[Outside 3]

As the measuring device, for example, a rotor flex RU300 (Cu target, point focus, output 50 KV / 250 mA) manufactured by Rigaku Denki Co., Ltd. can be mentioned. The measurement method used the transmission method-rotation method, and the measurement angle was 2θ.
= 5 to 35 °.

(7) Refractive index In the present invention, the method of measuring the refractive index of the binder resin and the waxes a and b is as follows: vertical (20 to 30) × horizontal (8) × thickness (3 to 10) In order to improve the adhesion to the prism surface, a small amount of promnaphthalene was attached to the prism surface, and the solid sample was placed on the prism sample to measure the refractive index. As an example of the measuring instrument, there is an Appe refractometer 2T manufactured by Atago.

(8) Glass transition temperature In the present invention, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the binder resin
Was measured by a measurement according to ASTM D3418-8. For example, this is performed using Perkin Elmer DSC-7. The temperature correction of the device detection unit uses the melting points of indium and zinc, and the heat quantity correction uses the heat of fusion of indium. An aluminum pan was used as a sample, an empty pan was set as a control, and the temperature was raised at a rate of 10 ° C./min. At a temperature in the range of 20 to 200 ° C.

Next, a preferred heat fixing device to which the cleaning device of the present invention can be applied will be described.

In the present invention, the heat fixing member in contact with the toner image of the heat fixing device is for applying heat for contacting the toner image on the recording material and fixing the toner image to the recording material. . The heating and fixing member is a heating roller which is a roller-shaped member which contacts a toner image in a heating roller fixing method described later and applies heat of a heating means provided inside to the toner image, and (ii) a film. A fixing film which is a film-shaped member which is in contact with the toner image in the heat fixing method and which applies heat of a heating means provided on a surface opposite to the surface of the film-shaped member which is in contact with the toner image to the toner image; and (iii) It includes a fixing film that is a film-shaped member that is in contact with the toner image in the film heat fixing method and that applies heat generated by electromagnetic induction heating of the film-shaped member itself due to the action of a magnetic field to the toner image.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a heat fixing device of the roller heat fixing type having the cleaning device of the present invention.

The apparatus of this embodiment has a cylindrical heating roller 101 having a heating means such as a heater 101a therein, and the fixing roller 101 rotates clockwise during fixing.

Reference numeral 102 denotes a pressure roller serving as a cylindrical pressure rotating body.
Reference numeral 02 presses against the heating roller 101 and rotates counterclockwise.

[0209] The recording material P as a material to be heated to which the unfixed toner T adheres as a toner image is conveyed from the right side (upstream side) in the drawing by the conveying belt 103, and the heating roller 101 and the pressure roller 102 are pressed against each other. The unfixed toner image carried on the recording material P by being pressed and heated by the unit is fixed to the recording material P by a heating roller 101 serving as a heating and fixing member that is in pressure contact with the toner image, and is fixed on the left side of the drawing. (Downstream).

Reference numerals 104a and 104b denote separation claws used for separation in order to prevent the recording material P from being wound around the heating roller 101 or the pressure roller 102 and causing a conveyance failure.

[0211] The cleaning device of the present invention abuts against the surface of the heating roller 101 to clean the surface of the heating roller 101.

[0212] The cleaning device of the present invention will be described.

Numeral 106 is a felt-like wax pad impregnated with the wax b. The heat-resistant nonwoven fabric was impregnated at a temperature at which the wax b was melted until the wax b was saturated. Use at least one of meta-type and para-type aromatic polyamide fibers, polyamide-imide fibers, aromatic polyetheramide fibers, polyphenylene sulfide fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers, polyester fibers, and polyamide fibers as the fibers used for the heat-resistant nonwoven fabric. can do. The fineness and fiber length of these heat-resistant fibers are not particularly limited, but those having a fineness of 0.5 to 20 denier and a fiber length of 5 to 150 mm can be suitably used. In addition, in addition to these heat-resistant fibers, carbon fibers or fibers that have been subjected to conductive processing may be mixed to impart conductivity. The case where this sheet is a non-woven fabric will be described. The fiber sheet may be a single layer or two layers, as long as at least the layer in contact with the surface to be cleaned is impregnated with wax.

As the material to be impregnated with the wax b, a sponge of silicone rubber or fluorine rubber may be used. However, since wax b is not impregnated when it is a single foam,
Continuous foaming is desirable.

Reference numeral 105 denotes a cleaning roller in which brush fibers serving as cleaning members are implanted in a cylindrical shape.
The cleaning roller 105 rotates to remove the toner residue adhering to the peripheral surface of the heating roller, and appropriately supplies the wax b.

That is, the cleaning device of the present invention
(I) Cleaning roller 1 as cleaning member
05 and (ii) the wax b impregnated in the wax pad 106 is melted or softened by the heat of the cleaning roller 105 heated by contact with the peripheral surface of the heating roller 101, and is adhered and held by the cleaning roller 105. Wax b.

For example, the heating roller 101 has a thickness of 2 to 5
An aluminum pipe having a thickness of about mm is used as a core metal, and the peripheral surface thereof is coated with 200 to 500 μm thick silicone rubber or Teflon.

The pressure roller 102 is, for example, about 10 m
An SUS pipe having a diameter of mφ is used as a core metal, and its peripheral surface is coated with silicone rubber to a thickness of about 3 mm.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another heat fixing device using a cleaning device of another embodiment of the cleaning device of the present invention described with reference to FIG.

Another heating and fixing device shown in FIG. 6 uses a cleaning roller of the roller heating and fixing device shown in FIG.
03, web holding roller 204 and web guide 20
The cleaner is changed to a cleaner using the web 203 composed of 5 or the like.

The web 203 is sent out by rotation of a drive motor (not shown). Web 203 is 0.05mm
As the toner is fed once, it contacts and moves with the fixing roller 200, which is a heat fixing member, so that the toner residue attached to the peripheral surface of the fixing roller 200 is removed, and the wax b is appropriately supplied. I do. The feed amount of the web 203 is set such that the recording paper of A4 horizontal size passes once, and the web 203 is sent out by rotation of a drive motor (not shown) based on this.

Fixing Roller 20 Having Heat Source 202 Inside
0 is about 40 m with a thickness of about 0.55 mm to 1.5 mm
A pipe made of m-iron is used as a core metal, and its peripheral surface is coated with silicone rubber, fluoro rubber or fluoro resin having a thickness of several tens to several hundreds of microns.

As the pressure roller 201, for example, about 20
Approximately 5 m of silicone rubber on a solid core of mmφ iron
m, the outermost layer coated with a fluororesin is used.

Further, the cleaning device of the present invention can be applied to a heat fixing device of a film heat fixing method instead of the heat fixing device of the roller heat fixing method.

The heat fixing device of the film heat fixing method is as follows.
Heat roller method, hot plate method, belt heating method, flash heating method, compared with other known heating and fixing devices such as oven heating method, a low heat capacity linear heating element as a heating element, a thin film as a film Since a low heat capacity type can be used, it is possible to save power and shorten the wait time (quick start property), and further, it is possible to suppress the temperature rise in the apparatus: a fixing point and a separation point can be set separately. Therefore, the offset can be prevented; and the various drawbacks of the other devices can be solved;

The heat fixing device of the film heating type is not limited to the fixing device, and is widely applied to a material to be heated, such as a device for heating a recording material carrying an image to improve the surface property, or a device for temporary attachment. Can be used as a means / apparatus for heat treatment.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a film heat fixing type apparatus (image heat fixing apparatus) having the cleaning device of the present invention.

Reference numeral 116 denotes a heater (ceramic heater) fixedly supported by a support (not shown). This heating element 11
A heat-resistant film (fixing film) 111 is brought into close contact with a pressure roller 112 as a pressure rotating body, and is slid and conveyed while being guided by guides 120 and 120. The heat-resistant film 111 is sandwiched between the heat-resistant film 111 of the press-contact nip portion (fixing nip portion) N formed by the heating element 116 and the pressure roller 112 as a pressure member, and the pressure roller 112. The recording material P to be image-fixed as a heating material is introduced while being guided by the guide 120,
The recording material P is held together with the heat-resistant film 111 by sandwiching the press-contact nip portion N and transported in the direction of arrow a, so that the heat of the heating element 116 is transferred through the heat-resistant film 111 to the recording material
And heat-fixes the unfixed toner image T carried on the recording material P to the surface of the recording material P. That is, the unfixed toner image carried on the recording material P is fixed to the fixing film 111 serving as a heat fixing member that comes into pressure contact with the toner image.
Is fixed on the recording material. The recording material P that has passed through the pressure nip N is separated from the surface of the film 111 and conveyed.

The heating element 116 is an elongated heat-resistant, insulating and good heat-conductive substrate 117 whose longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the conveying direction a of the heat-resistant film 111 or the recording material P as the material to be heated. A resistance heating element 115 formed along the longitudinal direction of the substrate at the center in the short side of the front side of the substrate, a power supply electrode 120 provided on both sides of the resistance heating element 115 as a guide, and a resistance heating element are regulated. This is a linear heating element having a low heat capacity as a whole having a heat-resistant overcoat layer 118 that protects the surface of the heating element and a temperature detecting element 114 such as a thermistor that detects the temperature of the heating element provided on the back side of the substrate.

The heating element 116 is fixedly arranged with the surface on which the resistance heating element 115 is formed being exposed facing downward and adhered and held on a rigid and heat insulating heater support.

The heating element 116 is heated by the power supply to the electrodes 120 at both ends of the resistance heating element 115, and the temperature is increased by the resistance heating element 115 generating heat over its entire length. The temperature increase is detected by the temperature detecting element 114. Is fed back to a temperature control circuit (not shown), and energization to the resistance heating element 115 is controlled so that the temperature of the heating element is maintained at a predetermined temperature. That is, at the time of fixing, the temperature sensor (thermistor)
The resistance heating element 115 so that the detection output of the resistance 114 becomes constant.
Is controlled. A heating device using alternating magnetic field injection may be used instead of the ceramic heater.

The heat-resistant film 111 is formed in the form of an endless belt, and one of the rollers which is stretched around the endless belt is used as a driving roller, and is rotated and conveyed by a frictional force between the driving roller and the inner peripheral surface of the film. , Pressure roller 11
2 as a drive roller, or a structure in which the roller is transported by a frictional force between the drive roller in contact with the outer surface of the film other than the pressure roller 112 and the outer peripheral surface of the film, or the heat-resistant film 111 is formed into a roll-wound long film There is a configuration in which this is fed out and carried out.

Reference numeral 119 denotes a cleaning device of the present invention. This cleaning device includes a cleaning material that comes into contact with the heat-resistant film 111 and the above-described wax b impregnated in the cleaning material.

As the cleaning material, it is preferable to use the one described for the felt-like wax pad 106 shown in FIG.

The pressure roller 112 as the pressure rotating body is the pressure roller 1 of the heat roller type heat fixing device shown in FIG.
12, a solid elastic roller (hereinafter referred to as a solid roller) composed of a metal core 112a and a heat-resistant rubber layer 112b having good releasability such as silicone rubber. The film 111 is sandwiched with a predetermined pressing force by
It is arranged so as to be in pressure contact with the surface of the 16. When the pressure roller 112 is a film drive roller, a rotational force is transmitted to the roller 112 from a drive unit (not shown), and the roller 112 is rotated counterclockwise in the direction of arrow b.

In the present invention, a preferred embodiment of the heating roller as the heating member is that the base layer has a heat resistant rubber 112b.
And a fluorine-based resin layer 112d having a specific contact angle with the wax b in the cleaning device of the present invention and the wax a in the toner, and the outermost layer is formed between the base layer and the outermost layer. This is an elastic roller provided with a fluorine rubber layer 112c having a hardness of 5 to 10 μm having a higher hardness than the heat-resistant rubber layer 112b. Further, it is more preferable that the fluororesin of the outermost surface layer is mainly composed of FEP (tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer).

With the above configuration, the elastic roller has excellent releasability over a long period of time and good adhesion between the layers, so that it has excellent durability and low roller hardness.

In the present invention, as a preferred embodiment of the film fixing type heat fixing apparatus, as shown in FIG. 2, the above-mentioned elastic roller is used as a pressure rotating member, and a heat-resistant member is provided between the pressure rotating member and the heating member. A recording material P as a material to be heated is introduced between the heat-resistant film and the pressure rotating body of the pressure contact nip formed by the heating body and the pressure rotating body with the film interposed therebetween,
This is a heating device in which a recording material is transported together with a heat-resistant film through a press-contact nip portion and heat of a heating body is applied to a material to be heated via the heat-resistant film.

Further, as another preferred embodiment of the heat fixing apparatus of the film heating type, a heat-resistant member such as a heat-resistant film or belt having a conductive layer and a pressure member having a conductive layer, and a magnetic field applied to these conductive layers are provided. Heating means for generating an eddy current to generate heat by generating an eddy current, and heating the recording material as a material to be heated by sandwiching and transporting the recording material in a press-contact nip portion between the heat-resistant member and the pressing member. Device.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a heat-resistant member such as a heat-resistant film or belt as a heat-fixing member is provided with a fluororesin containing FEP as a main component on the outermost surface layer and having an elastic layer inside thereof. Is more preferable.

Therefore, in the present invention, a heating fixing device of a heating roller type, a heating fixing device of a film heating type,
Furthermore, in any of the other heat fixing devices,
The heating and fixing member that is in pressure contact with the unfixed toner image carried on the recording material preferably satisfies the relationship between the wax b in the cleaning device or the wax a contained in the toner and the above-described specific contact angle. The outermost surface layer of the heating member is preferably formed of a copolymer having at least a repeating unit of tetrafluoroethylene in a main chain, and is preferably FEP or PFA having a fluoroalkoxy group and / or a fluoroalkyl group in a side chain. (Tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer),
In consideration of prevention of toner contamination, it is preferable that the toner is formed of FEP having a fluoroalkyl group in a side chain.

In the heat fixing method of the present invention, a toner image carrying step of carrying a toner image formed of a color toner on a recording material, and an unfixed toner image carried on the recording material is referred to as a toner image. The image forming apparatus further includes a fixing step of fixing the recording material by a heat-fixing member pressed against the recording material. After the fixing step, the heat-fixing member is cleaned by using the above-described cleaning device of the present invention.

Further, in the image forming method of the present invention, an electrostatic latent image forming step of forming an electrostatic latent image on the latent image holding member, and developing the electrostatic latent image with toner to form a toner image A step of transferring the toner image to a recording material, a fixing step of fixing an unfixed toner image carried on the recording material to the recording material by a heating and fixing member that is in pressure contact with the toner image, and the heating. The cleaning device has a cleaning step of cleaning the surface of the fixing member using a cleaning device, and the cleaning device of the present invention is used as the cleaning device.

Next, an example of the image forming method of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an image forming apparatus capable of performing the image forming method of the present invention.

In the figure, reference numeral 151 denotes a drum type photosensitive member as a latent image holding member, which is driven to rotate at a predetermined peripheral speed in the direction of an arrow around a shaft 151a. During the rotation of the photoconductor 151, the peripheral surface thereof is uniformly charged with a predetermined positive or negative potential by the charging unit 152, and then the image exposure unit L (slit exposure / light exposure) by the image exposure unit (not shown) in the exposure unit 153. Laser beam scanning exposure). As a result, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the exposure image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor.

The electrostatic latent image is then developed by a developing unit 154 to form a toner image, and the toner image is transferred by a transfer unit 155 from a paper supply unit (not shown) to the photosensitive member 1.
The recording material P is sequentially transferred to the surface of the fed recording material P in synchronization with the rotation of the photoconductor 151 between the recording material P and the transfer means 155.

The recording material P to which the toner image has been transferred is separated from the photoreceptor surface, introduced into the fixing means 158, where the toner image is fixed and printed out of the apparatus as a copy.

The fixing means 158 includes, for example, FIG.
A cleaning device (wax pad 159) for cleaning the heat fixing member shown in FIG.

The surface of the photoreceptor 151 after the transfer of the toner image is cleaned by the removal of the untransferred toner by the cleaning unit 156, and is further subjected to a charge removal process by the pre-exposure unit 157 to repeatedly form an image. used.

As the uniform charging means 152 for the photosensitive member 151, a corona charging device is generally widely used. As the transfer device 151, corona transfer means is generally widely used.

In the case where the electrophotographic apparatus is used as a copying machine or a printer, the light image exposure L is performed by reflecting or transmitting light from a document, or by reading a document and converting the signal into a signal. This is performed by driving an array or driving a liquid crystal shutter array.

When the image forming apparatus of the present invention is used as a printer of a facsimile machine, the light image exposure L is an exposure for printing received data. FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of this case.

The controller 211 controls the image reading section 210 and the printer 219. The whole controller 211 is controlled by the CPU 217. The read data from the image reading unit is transmitted to the partner station through the transmission circuit 213. Data received from the partner station is sent to the printer 219 through the receiving circuit 212. Predetermined image data is stored in the image memory. Printer controller 2
Reference numeral 18 controls the printer 219. 214 is a telephone.

The image received from the line 215 (image information from a remote terminal connected via the line) is demodulated by the receiving circuit 212, and then the CPU 217 performs a decoding process on the image information to sequentially execute the image memory 216. Is stored in
When the image of at least one page is stored in the memory 216, the image of the page is recorded. CPU2
Reference numeral 17 reads out one page of image information from the memory 216 and sends the combined one page of image information to the printer controller 218. Printer controller 218
The printer 2 receives the image information of one page from the CPU 217 and records the image information of the page.
19 is controlled.

The CPU 217 receives the next page during recording by the printer 219.

As described above, image reception and recording are performed.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of an image forming apparatus capable of forming a full-color image capable of performing the image forming method of the present invention.

This image forming apparatus is configured as a full-color copying machine. As shown in FIG. 4, the full-color copying machine has a digital color image reader unit 35 at the upper part and a digital color image printer unit 36 at the lower part.

In the image reader section, the original 30 is placed on an original platen glass 31 and is exposed and scanned by an exposure lamp 32 so that a reflected light image from the original 30 is condensed on a full-color sensor 34 by a lens 33 to produce a color image. Obtain a decomposed image signal. The color-separated image signal is processed by a video processing unit (not shown) through an amplifier circuit (not shown) and sent to a digital image printer unit.

In the image printer section, the photosensitive drum 1, which is a latent image holding member, is a photosensitive member such as an organic photoconductor, and is supported rotatably in the direction of the arrow. Around the photosensitive drum 1, a pre-exposure lamp 11, a corona charger 2 as a primary charging member, a laser exposure optical system 3 as a latent image forming means, a potential sensor 12, four developing devices 4Y of different colors, 4C, 4M, 4K, on-drum light amount detection means 1
3. The transfer device 5A and the cleaning device 6 are arranged.

In the laser exposure optical system 3, an image signal from the reader unit is converted into an optical signal for image scan exposure by a laser output unit (not shown), and the converted laser light is reflected by the polygon mirror 3a. Is projected on the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 via the lens 3b and the mirror 3c.

When an image is formed, the printer unit
Is rotated in the direction of the arrow, and after the charge is eliminated by the pre-exposure lamp 11, the photosensitive drum 1 is uniformly negatively charged by the charger 2 to irradiate a light image E for each separation color, and the latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum 1. To form

Next, a predetermined developing device is operated to develop the latent image on the photosensitive drum 1 to form a visible image, that is, a toner image, on the photosensitive drum 1 using a resin-based negative toner. The developing units 4Y, 4C, 4M, and 4K alternately approach the photosensitive drum 1 in accordance with the respective separation colors and perform development by the operation of the eccentric cams 24Y, 24C, 24M, and 24K.

The transfer device 5A includes a transfer drum 5, a transfer charger 5b, a suction charger 5c for electrostatically attracting a recording material and a suction roller 5g opposed thereto, an inner charger 5d, an outer charger 5e, It has a separation charger 5h.
The transfer drum 5 is rotatably supported so as to be rotatable, and a transfer sheet 5f, which is a recording material carrier that carries a recording material in an opening area around the transfer drum 5, is integrally adjusted on a cylinder. A polycarbonate film or the like is used for the transfer sheet 5f.

The recording material is conveyed from the recording material cassette 7a, 7b or 7c to the transfer drum 5 through the recording material conveyance system, and is carried on the transfer sheet 5f. Transfer drum 5
The recording material carried thereon is repeatedly conveyed to a transfer position facing the photosensitive drum 1 as the transfer drum 5 rotates, and is transferred onto the photosensitive material by the action of the transfer charger 5b while passing through the transfer position. 1 is transferred.

In the above image forming step, yellow (Y)
By repeating the process for magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K), a color image in which four color toner images are superimposed and transferred on the recording material on the transfer drum 5 is obtained.

In the case of single-sided image formation, the recording material onto which the four color toner images have been transferred in this manner is separated by the action of the separation claw 8a, the separation push-up roller 8b, and the separation charger 5h.
The sheet is separated from the transfer drum 5 and sent to the heat fixing device 9.
This heat fixing device 9 has a fixing device including a heat fixing roller 9a as a heat fixing member having a heating means therein and a pressure roller 9b, and a cleaning device in which brush-like fibers as a cleaning member are implanted in a cylindrical shape. It comprises a roller 9c and a wax pad 9d impregnated with wax. It has a cleaning device.

The configuration of the cleaning roller 9c and the wax pad 9d as the cleaning member is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, and therefore, the heat fixing device 9 of the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. And the surface of the heat fixing roller 9a is cleaned.

The full-color image carried on the recording material is fixed on the recording material by passing the recording material through the pressure contact portion between the heat fixing roller 9a and the pressure roller 9b as a heat fixing member. That is, in this fixing step, toner color mixing, color development, and fixing to the recording material are performed to form a full-color permanent image, which is then discharged to the tray 10 to complete one full-color copy. On the other hand, the photosensitive drum 1
After the residual toner on the surface is cleaned and removed by the cleaning device 6, the toner is again subjected to the image forming process.

In the image forming method of the present invention, a toner image obtained by developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the latent image holding member can be transferred to a recording material via an intermediate transfer member.

That is, in this image forming method, the first transfer step of transferring the toner image formed by developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the latent image holding member to the intermediate transfer member, and transferring the toner image to the intermediate transfer member. Transfer the transferred toner image to the recording material
It has a transfer step.

An example of an image forming method using an intermediate transfer member will be specifically described with reference to FIG.

In the apparatus system shown in FIG. 5, the cyan developing device 54-1, the magenta developing device 54-2, the yellow developing device 54-3, and the black developing device 54-4 are respectively provided with a cyan developer containing a cyan toner and a magenta developer. A magenta developer having a toner, a yellow developer having a yellow toner, and a black developer having a black toner have been introduced. An electrostatic latent image is formed on a photosensitive member 51 as a latent image holding member by a latent image forming means 53 such as a laser beam. By a developing method such as a magnetic brush developing method, a non-magnetic one-component developing method or a magnetic jumping developing method,
The electrostatic charge image formed on the photoconductor 51 is developed with these developers, and a toner image of each color is formed on the photoconductor 51.
The photosensitive member 51 is a photosensitive drum or a photosensitive belt having a conductive substrate 51b and a photoconductive insulating material layer 51a such as amorphous selenium, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide, an organic photoconductor, and amorphous silicon formed on the conductive substrate 51b. . The photoconductor 51 is rotated in a direction indicated by an arrow by a driving device (not shown). As the photoconductor 51, a photoconductor having an amorphous silicon photosensitive layer or an organic photosensitive layer is preferably used.

As the organic photosensitive layer, either a single layer type in which the photosensitive layer contains a charge generating substance and a substance having charge transporting properties in the same layer, or a function-separated type photosensitive layer comprising the charge transporting layer and the charge generating layer as components. It may be. A laminated photosensitive layer having a structure in which a charge generation layer and then a charge transport layer are laminated on a conductive substrate in this order is one of preferred examples.

As the binder resin of the organic photosensitive layer, a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, and an acrylic resin have good cleaning properties, and poor cleaning, toner fusion to the photoreceptor, and filming hardly occur.

In the present invention, in the charging step, there are a non-contact type with the photoreceptor 51 using a corona charger, and a contact type with a contact charging member such as a roller.
There is a contact type system using a contact charging member such as a roller, and any system is used. For efficient uniform charging, simplification, and low ozone generation, a contact type system as shown in FIG. 5 is preferably used.

The charging roller 52 as a primary charging member
Is a conductive elastic layer 5 having a central core 52b and an outer periphery.
2a as a basic configuration. Charging roller 52
Is pressed against the surface of the photoconductor 51 with a pressing force, and is rotated by the rotation of the photoconductor 51.

As a preferable process condition when the charging roller is used, the contact pressure of the roller is 5 to 500 g /
cm, when a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage is used, the AC voltage is 0.5 to 5 kVpp,
50 to 5 kHz, DC voltage = ± 0.2 to ± 5 kV.

As other contact charging members, there are a method using a charging blade and a method using a conductive brush. These contact charging members have the effects of eliminating the need for high voltage and reducing the generation of ozone.

The material of the charging roller and the charging blade as the contact charging member is preferably conductive rubber, and a release coating may be provided on the surface thereof. As the release coating, a nylon resin, PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride), or a fluorine acrylic resin can be used.

The voltage of the toner image on the photosensitive member (for example, ± 0.
(± 1 kV) is applied to the intermediate transfer member 55 to which the voltage is applied. The intermediate transfer member 55 is a pipe-shaped conductive core 55b.
And a medium resistance elastic layer 55a having an outer peripheral surface thereof. The cored bar 55b may be formed by providing a conductive layer (for example, conductive plating) on the surface of plastic.

The medium resistance elastic layer 55a is made of silicone rubber,
Teflon rubber, chloroprene rubber, urethane rubber, EP
An elastic material such as DM (ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer) is mixed with a conductivity-imparting agent such as carbon black, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and silicon oxide to disperse the electric resistance value (low volume efficiency). It is a solid or foamed layer adjusted to a medium resistance of 10 ⁵ to 10 ¹¹ Ωcm.

The intermediate transfer member 55 is arranged in parallel with the photosensitive member 51 so as to be in contact with the lower surface of the photosensitive member 51, and is rotated at the same peripheral speed as the photosensitive member 51 in the counterclockwise direction indicated by the arrow. I do.

In the process in which the toner image of the first color formed and carried on the surface of the photosensitive member 51 passes through the transfer nip where the photosensitive member 51 and the intermediate transfer member 55 are in contact with each other, the transfer nip is applied by the transfer bias applied to the intermediate transfer member 55. The intermediate transfer is sequentially performed on the outer surface of the intermediate transfer body 55 by the electric field formed in the intermediate transfer member 55.

The untransferred toner on the photosensitive member 51 that has not been transferred to the intermediate transfer member 55 is transferred to the photosensitive member cleaning member 5.
8 and is collected in the photoconductor cleaning container 59.

A transfer means is provided in parallel with the intermediate transfer body 55 and is brought into contact with the lower surface of the intermediate transfer body 55. The transfer means is, for example, a transfer roller 57 and has the same circumference as the intermediate transfer body 55. Rotate in the clockwise direction of the arrow at speed.
The transfer roller 57 may be arranged so as to be in direct contact with the intermediate transfer member 55, and the transfer roller 57 may be a belt or the like.
5 and the transfer roller 57.

[0288] The transfer roller 57 is basically composed of a central core bar 57b and a conductive elastic layer 57a forming the outer periphery thereof.

As the intermediate transfer member and the transfer member used in the present invention, general materials can be used.
In the present invention, the voltage applied to the transfer member can be reduced by setting the volume resistivity of the transfer member smaller than the volume resistivity of the intermediate transfer member, and a good toner image can be formed on the transfer material and the transfer can be performed. The material can be prevented from winding around the intermediate transfer member. In particular, the volume resistivity of the elastic layer of the intermediate transfer member is 1 more than the volume resistivity of the elastic layer of the transfer member.
It is preferably at least 0 times higher.

The hardness of the intermediate transfer member and the transfer member is determined according to JIS.
It is measured according to K-6301. The intermediate transfer member used in the present invention is preferably composed of an elastic layer belonging to the range of 10 to 40 degrees. The hardness of the elastic layer of the transfer member used in the present invention is higher than the hardness of the elastic layer of the intermediate transfer member, and preferably has a value of 41 to 80 degrees in order to prevent the recording material from winding around the intermediate transfer member. . If the hardness of the elastic layer of the transfer member is lower than the hardness of the elastic layer of the intermediate transfer member, a concave portion is formed on the transfer member side, and the recording material is likely to be wound around the intermediate transfer member.

As the transfer member, for example, a transfer roller is used, and the transfer roller 57 is rotated at a constant speed or at a different peripheral speed from the intermediate transfer member 55. The recording material 56 is conveyed between the intermediate transfer member 55 and the transfer roller 57, and at the same time, a bias having a polarity opposite to that of the triboelectric charge of the toner is applied to the transfer roller 57 from the transfer bias means, so that the recording material 56 Is transferred to the surface side of the recording material 56.

The untransferred toner remaining on the intermediate transfer member that has not been transferred to the recording material 56 is removed by the cleaning member 6 for the intermediate transfer member.
0 and is collected in the intermediate transfer body cleaning container 62. The toner image transferred to the recording material 56 is fixed on the recording material 56 by the heat fixing device 61.

The heat fixing device 61 comprises a fixing device composed of a heat fixing roller 61a as a heat fixing member and a pressure roller 61b, a cleaning roller 61c having a brush-like fiber as a cleaning member, and a wax. And a wax pad 61d impregnated with the cleaning device.

The structure of the cleaning roller 61c and the wax pad 61d as the cleaning member is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, and therefore, the heat fixing device 61 of the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. And the surface of the heat fixing roller 61a is cleaned.

As the material of the transfer roller, the same material as that of the charging roller can be used. Preferred transfer process conditions include a contact pressure of the roller of 2.94 to 49.
0 N / m (3-500 g / cm) (more preferably 1
9.6 N / m to 294 N / m), DC voltage = ± 0.2
±± 10 kV.

If the linear pressure as the contact pressure is less than 2.94 N / m, it is not preferable because the conveyance of the recording material and the occurrence of transfer failure tend to occur.

For example, the conductive elastic layer 5 of the transfer roller 57
Reference numeral 7b denotes an electric resistance value (volume resistivity) obtained by mixing and dispersing a conductivity imparting agent such as carbon black, zinc oxide, tin oxide, or silicon carbide in an elastic material such as polyurethane rubber or EPDM (ethylene propylene diene terpolymer). ) To 10 ⁶
This is a solid or foamed layer adjusted to have a medium resistance of ¹⁰ to 10 ¹⁰ Ωcm.

Hereinafter, the structure of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0299]

Example 1 450 g of a 0.1 M Na ₃ PO ₄ aqueous solution was charged into 710 g of ion-exchanged water, heated to 60 ° C., and then, using a TK homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo). 13000 rp
m. A 1.0 M CaCl ₂ aqueous solution 6
8 g was gradually added to obtain an aqueous medium containing Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ .

Styrene 166 g n-butyl acrylate 34 g copper phthalocyanine pigment 15 g metal ditertiary-butylsalicylate 3 g saturated polyester (acid value 11, peak molecular weight 8500) 10 g monoester wax 40 g (Mw500, Mn400, Mw / Mn: 1.25, Melting point: 70 ° C., viscosity: 6.5 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 1.1, SP value: 8.6)

The above-mentioned formulation was heated to 60 ° C., and was subjected to 12000 rpm using a TK homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo).
To dissolve and disperse uniformly. In addition, polymerization initiator 2,
2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) 1
0 g was dissolved to prepare a polymerizable monomer composition. The polymerizable monomer composition was charged into the aqueous medium,
Under N ₂ atmosphere, use a TK homomixer for 100
The mixture was stirred at 00 rpm for 20 minutes to granulate the polymerizable monomer composition. Thereafter, while stirring with a paddle stirring blade, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C., and a polymerization reaction was performed for 10 hours.

After the completion of the polymerization reaction, the mixture was cooled, hydrochloric acid was added to dissolve calcium phosphate, and then filtered, washed with water and dried to obtain polymer particles (toner particles).

The binder resin of the obtained polymer particles has an SP value:
19, Tg: 60 ° C.

[0304] The obtained polymer particles (toner particles) with respect to 100 parts by weight, specific surface area by BET method of 100 m ² /
g of hydrophobic titanium oxide (2.0 parts by weight) was externally added to obtain a cyan toner having an average particle diameter of 6.2 μm.

To 7 parts by weight of the cyan toner, 93 parts by weight of a 35 μm silicone-coated ferrite carrier were mixed. It was set to 1.

The two-component developer No. 1 and a commercially available full-color copying machine C as an image forming apparatus shown in FIG.
The fixing layer of LC-800 (manufactured by Canon) has a surface layer of both a heat roller and a pressure roller as a heat fixing member by FEP
Using a roller coated with 10 μm, a non-woven cloth (manufactured by Nippon Vilene Co., Ltd.) containing an aromatic polyamide resin and a polyethylene terephthalate resin is impregnated with the same monoester wax as used for the toner at 60 ° C. until the pad is saturated at 60 ° C. 10 mm, length 310 mm, thickness 1.
The cleaning roller holds the wax impregnated in the wax pad by cutting it into 5 mm and using it as a wax pad, and rotating the cleaning roller in which brush-like fibers are implanted in a cylindrical shape while rotating the cleaning roller. Meanwhile, using an image forming apparatus modified to a configuration in which the oil application mechanism is removed as shown in FIG. 1 and having a cleaning device for cleaning the heating roller by contacting the cleaning roller with the heating roller, an image area of 20% and 50% is used. 20% each using two types of original manuscripts
A paper passing test was performed on 0000 sheets, and evaluation was performed based on the following evaluation method.

At this time, the contact angles A (at 100 ° C.) and B (at 200 ° C.) between the heating roller and the wax a are A = 69 °, B = 74 °, and BA = 5 °. Contact angle c between heating roller and wax b (100 ° C
) And D (at 200 ° C.) were C = 69 °, D = 74 °, and DC = 5 °.

-Evaluation Method- (1) OHP Transmittance The transmittance was measured using a Shimadzu self-recording spectrophotometer UV2200 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), with the transmittance of the OHP film alone as 100% and the toner weight per unit area. 1.0mg /
The transmittance of OHP at cm ² is magenta toner (650 nm) and yellow toner (500 n).
m), for a cyan toner (600 nm). A: 60% or more B: 55% or more and less than 60% C: 50% or more and less than 55% D: less than 50%

(2) Image Gloss Unevenness The maximum value of the glossiness when an A4 solid image was fixed at a toner weight per unit area of 1.0 mg / cm ² using CLC-SK paper (manufactured by Canon). Evaluation is based on the difference between the minimum values.

For the glossiness at this time, a handy glossmeter gloss checker IG-310 (incidence angle: 60 degrees: manufactured by Horiba Ltd.) was used. A: 3 or less B: More than 3 to 6 or less C: More than 6 to 10 or less D: More than 10

(3) Offset resistance 200,000 sheets were continuously fed and evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria. A: No stain is observed on the front and back surfaces of the recording paper up to 200,000 sheets. B: Some dirt is observed on the back surface of the recording paper when 200,000 sheets are passed. C: Stain was observed on the back surface of the recording paper between 50,000 and 200,000 sheets. D: Dirt is recognized on the back surface of the recording paper by 50,000 sheets.

(4) Cleaning Property The cleaning property was evaluated by fixing the 50% original document at 1/4 the speed at which plain paper was fixed, and then passing plain paper in the blank state at normal speed. The value of the Macbeth density on the surface of the plain paper after passing the paper was determined based on the following evaluation criteria.

The Macbeth density was measured using a Macbeth densitometer RD91.
The reflection density was measured using a filter of Model 8 (manufactured by Macbeth), and the average value of 10 measurements was taken as the Macbeth density. (Evaluation criteria) A: 0.1 or less B: More than 0.1 to 0.2 or less C: More than 0.2 to 0.5 or less D: More than 0.5

(5) Stickiness of OHP Sheet When a mixture of CLC-700 toner and carrier (two-component developer) was sprinkled on a transparent sheet on which a white paper image (solid white image) was formed. The amount of the two-component developer adhered on the sheet is visually determined. (Evaluation criteria) A: Almost no adhesion is observed. B: Adhesion is partially observed. C: Attached over the entire surface.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, a paraffin wax 2 (Mw: 570, M) was used in place of the monoester wax 1 used in the toner.
n: 380, Mw / Mn: 1.50, melting point: 69 ° C., viscosity: 6.8 mPa · s Vickers hardness: 0.7, SP
Value: 8.3), except that the two-component developer No. was used in the same manner as in Example 1. 2 and a non-woven fabric (manufactured by Japan Vilene Co., Ltd.) containing an aromatic polyamide resin and a polyethylene terephthalate resin instead of a wax pad until the silicone oil having a viscosity of 300 centistokes at 2.5 ° C. is saturated at 120 ° C. The impregnated pad was 10 mm wide, 310 mm long, and 1.
Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an oil pad cut to 5 mm was used. At this time, the contact angles A and B between the heating roller and the wax a were A = 83 ° B = 92 ° BA−9 °.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 2 In Example 1, PTFE was used in place of FEP used as a surface material of a heat roller as a heat fixing member, and an aromatic polyamide resin was used in place of the wax pad used in Example 1. And a polyethylene terephthalate resin-containing non-woven fabric (manufactured by Japan Vilene Co., Ltd.) is impregnated with a silicone oil having a viscosity of 300 centistokes at 2.5 ° C until saturation at 120 ° C at a width of 10 m.
m, length 310 mm, thickness 1.5 mm, except that an oil pad was used.
An evaluation was performed.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 3 In Example 1, an RTV silicone rubber was used in place of FEP used as a surface material of a heating roller as a heat fixing member, and an aromatic rubber was used in place of the wax pad used in Example 1. Nonwoven fabric containing polyamide resin and polyethylene terephthalate resin (manufactured by Japan Vilene Co., Ltd.)
Except that a pad impregnated with a silicone oil having a viscosity of 300 centistokes at 2.5 ° C. and saturated at 120 ° C. was cut to a width of 10 mm, a length of 310 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm. Example 1
Evaluation was performed in the same manner as described above.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

Example 2 In Example 1, PFA was used in place of FEP used as a surface material of a heat roller as a heat fixing member, and a continuous foamed silicone rubber having an Asker C type rubber hardness of 30 degrees was used. A pad impregnated with monoester wax 1 at 60 ° C. until saturated is 10 mm wide and 310 m long
An image was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a wax pad cut to m and a thickness of 1.5 mm was used. As shown in Table 1, good results were obtained.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

Example 3 In place of the monoester wax 1 used in Example 1, diester wax 3 (Mw480, Mn410, Mw /
Mn: 1.17, melting point: 73 ° C., viscosity: 10.5 mPa ·
s, Vickers hardness: 1.0, SP value: 9.1), except that two-component developer No. 1 was used in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 3 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a wax pad using the diester wax 3 was used in place of the monoester wax impregnated in the wax pad while preparing the wax pad. As shown in FIG. 2, good results were obtained.

Example 4 In place of the monoester wax used in Example 1, tetraester wax 4 (Mw: 430, Mn: 380, M
w / Mn: 1.34 and a molecular weight of 850 with a shoulder, melting point: 73 ° C., viscosity: 11.6 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 1.2, SP value: 8.5) Two-component developer No. 4 was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above-mentioned tetraester wax 4 was used instead of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad. Good results were obtained as shown.

Example 5 In place of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad used in Example 1, a tetraester wax 5 was used.
(Mw525, Mn350, Mw / Mn: 1.5 and Mw900 with shoulder, viscosity 10.9 mPa ·
s, Vickers hardness: 1, evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that SP value 9) was used. As compared with Example 1, OHP transmittance, image gloss unevenness and O
The stickiness of the HP sheet was ranked B, but it was practical.

The two-component developer Nos. Used in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used. Table 1 shows the physical properties of 1-4.
Table 2 shows the evaluation results of Example 1-5 and Comparative Example 1-3.

[0328]

[Table 1]

[0329]

[Table 2]

Example 6 The fixing device of the full-color copying machine CLC-800 used in Example 1 was modified to that shown in FIG. 2 and the same operation was carried out except that the surface material of the fixing film was FEP. As shown in Table 2, good results were obtained.

[0331]

[Table 3]

Example 7 A quinacridone pigment was used in place of the copper phthalocyanine pigment used in Example 1, and C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 180 and carbon black, respectively, to prepare a magenta toner, a yellow toner, and a black toner. 5, no. 6 and no. 7 were obtained.

The two-component developer No. 1, No. 5, N
o. 6 and no. An unfixed full-color image was formed using the commercially available full-color copying machine CLC-800 using the four-color developer of Example 7 in Example 1, and full-color fixing was performed using the same fixing device as in Example 1. Image obtained. As a result, color reproducibility of pale colors was excellent, and good results were obtained.
Further, when a full-color image was projected by OHP, a very clear and good projected image was obtained.

Example 8 Commercially available full-color copying machine CLC-80 used in Example 7
5 and a full-color image forming apparatus using an intermediate transfer member shown in FIG.
o. 1, No. 5, no. 6 and no. An unfixed full-color image was formed using the four color developers 7 and a full-color colored image was obtained using the same fixing device as that used in Example 7. As a result, good results were obtained as in Example 7.

Example 9 Instead of the copper phthalocyanine pigment used in Example 1, a magnetic iron oxide treated with a silane coupling agent (average particle size 0.25 μm)
m) Toner particles were prepared using 200 g, and a magnetic toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that hydrophobic silica was used as an external additive. Agent 8 was obtained.

The black developing device 5 having the black toner of the full-color image forming apparatus shown in FIG.
An unfixed full-color image was formed in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the developing device capable of developing the magnetic one-component developer 8 was used instead of 4-4. This was performed to obtain a full-color coloring image. As a result, good results were obtained as in Example 8.

Example 10 Using the one-component developer 8 used in Example 9, a commercially available copying machine NP-8582 as an image forming apparatus shown in FIG.
A cleaning device in which FEP is used as a surface layer of a heat roller as a heat fixing member of a fixing device (manufactured by Canon), and a wax pad impregnated with the monoester wax 1 used in Example 1 and brush-like fibers are implanted in a cylindrical shape. Modified to a fixing device having a cleaning device having rollers,
An image was formed on 200,000 sheets, and the image gloss unevenness, the anti-offset property and the cleaning property were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the stickiness of the OHP sheet was evaluated based on the following evaluation method. Was.

—Evaluation Method— (6) Stickiness of OHP Sheet After the endurance, the apparatus is stopped for 24 hours and the power switch is turned on again
The first (first) transparent sheet thus formed is subjected to image formation in a blank state (solid white image), and (5) the same evaluation as the sticky feeling of the OHP sheet is performed.

Example 11 (Reference Comparative Example) Paraffin wax 2 (M ) was used in place of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad used in Example 10.
w: 570, Mn: 380, Mw / Mn: 1.50, melting point: 69 ° C., viscosity: 6.8 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 0.7, SP value: 8.3) Except for this, evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 10.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 12 (Reference Comparative Example) In place of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad used in Example 10, the paraffin wax 2 used in Example 11 was fractionated by molecular weight to separate paraffin wax 6 ( Mw: 580, Mn: 415, Mw / Mn =
1.4, melting point: 70 ° C., viscosity: 6.8 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 0.7, SP value: 8.3), except that a wax pad using 8.3) was used. Was evaluated.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 13 The acrylic acid-modified wax 7 was used in place of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad used in Example 10.
(Mw: 2100, Mn: 990, Mw / Mn = 2.
1, melting point: 94 ° C., viscosity: 6.8 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 0.7, SP value: 10.6), except that a wax pad was used, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 10. Was done.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 14 (Reference Comparative Example) In place of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad used in Example 10, a fluorine-modified wax 8 (M
w: 600, Mn: 410, Mw / Mn = 1.46, melting point: 95 ° C., viscosity: 8.3 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 1.4, SP value: 8.0) Except for this, evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 10.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 15 (Reference Comparative Example) Instead of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad used in Example 10, silicone wax 9 (M
w: 1600, Mn: 1000, Mw / Mn = 1.6,
Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 10 except that a wax pad using melting point: 110 ° C., viscosity: 12 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 1.5, SP value: 14.2) was used.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 16 In place of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad used in Example 10, natural carnauba wax 1 was used.
0 (Mw: 900, Mn: 530, Mw / Mn = 1.7)
0, melting point: 65 ° C., viscosity: 6.3 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 6.8, SP value: 8.7), except that a wax pad was used. Was done.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 17 A diester wax 3 (M) was used in place of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad used in Example 10.
w: 480, Mn: 410, Mw / Mn: 1.17, melting point: 73 ° C., viscosity: 10.5 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 1.0, SP value: 9.1) Except for this, evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 10.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 18 Instead of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad used in Example 10, a tetraester wax 4
(Mw: 430, Mn: 320, Mw / Mn: 1.3
4, and a shoulder at a molecular weight of 850, melting point: 73
° C, viscosity 11.6 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 1.
Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 10 except that a wax pad using 2, SP value: 8.5) was used.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 19 A diester wax 11 was used in place of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad used in Example 10.
(Mw: 1900, Mn: 1400, Mw / Mn: 1.
36, melting point 125 °, viscosity: 11.0 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 1.6, SP value: 8.6), except that a wax pad was used. went.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 20 The olefin-modified wax 1 was used in place of the monoester wax 1 impregnated in the wax pad used in Example 10.
2 (Mw: 1800, Mn: 1280, Mw / Mn: 4
1. Melting point: 100 °, viscosity: 12.5 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 3.2, SP value: 8.4), except that a wax pad was used, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 10. Was done.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 21 The monomer used in Example 10 was replaced with 160 g of styrene and n-
Except that 30 g of butyl acrylate and 20 g of methacrylic acid were used, the same procedure as in Example 10 was repeated except that the one-component developer No. shown in Table 3 was used. 9 was prepared and evaluated.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 22 (Reference Comparative Example) F used as the surface material of the heating roller used in Example 10
Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 10 except that PTFE was used instead of EP.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 23 F used as the surface material of the heating roller used in Example 10
Example 1 except that PFA was used instead of EP
The evaluation was performed in the same manner as 0.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Comparative Example 4 Example 1 was replaced with the wax pad used in Example 10.
The evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 10 except that a pad that was not impregnated with the monoester wax 1 used in Example 0 was used. It changed and streaks appeared on the image.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Comparative Example 5 In place of the wax pad used in Example 10, a non-woven fabric (manufactured by Nippon Vilene Co., Ltd.) containing an aromatic polyamide resin and polyethylene terephthalate resin was mixed with 12 silicone oils having a viscosity of 300 centistokes at 25 ° C.
Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 10 except that an oil pad obtained by cutting a pad impregnated at 0 ° C. until saturation was 10 mm in width, 310 mm in length, and 1.5 mm in thickness was used. Oil unevenness occurs,
It appeared on the image as oil line unevenness.

The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

The above Examples 10 to 24 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5
One-component developer No. Table 4 shows the physical properties of 8 and 9, and Table 5 shows the evaluation results of Examples 10-24 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5. Examples 11 and 12 had a large contact angle C of 83 °, and Example 14 had a large contact angle D.
−C is 12 °, which is large, and Example 15 has a contact angle D−
C is 1 °, which is small, and Example 22 has a contact angle C of 83 °.
° and large, and the contact angle DC is 1 ° and small, and thus Examples 11, 12, 14, 15, and 22
Is a comparative reference example in the present invention.

[0370]

[Table 4]

[0371]

[Table 5]

Example 24 100 parts by mass of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer (Mw: 110,000, Mn: 5000, Tg: 70 ° C.) 90 parts by mass of magnetic material 2 parts by mass of monoazo metal complex Monoester wax 135 parts by mass (Mw: 490, Mn: 415, Mw / Mn: 1.18, melting point: 71 ° C., viscosity: 11 mPa · s, Vickers hardness: 10.6 mPa · s, SP value: 9.1)

After the above materials were premixed with a Henschel mixer, melt kneading was performed at 130 ° C. using a twin screw kneading extruder. After allowing the kneaded material to cool, coarsely pulverized with a cutter mill,
The powder was pulverized using a fine pulverizer using a jet stream, and further classified using an air classifier to obtain negatively-chargeable insulating magnetic toner particles having a weight average particle diameter of 6.4 μm. To 100 parts by mass of the magnetic toner particles, 1.0 part by mass of hydrophobic dry silica was externally added by a Henschel mixer to obtain a magnetic toner. It was set to 10.

This one-component developer No. Using 10,
A commercially available copying machine GP-55 as the image forming apparatus shown in FIG.
Monoester wax 13 instead of silicone oil as the release agent for impregnating the web with a fixing device (manufactured by Canon Inc.)
FIG. 6 using a cleaning device modified to use
The image formation of 200,000 sheets was performed using the image forming apparatus modified to the configuration shown in FIG.

Comparative Example 6 Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 24, except that the web impregnated with the monoester wax used in Example 24 was replaced with a web not impregnated with wax. Was performed, the heat fixing member was changed to a surface roughness of JIS Rz 5 or more by rubbing with the web, and streaks were generated on the image.

The results of the evaluation are shown in Table 6.

Comparative Example 7 A silicone oil having a viscosity of 10,000 centistokes at 25 ° C. was used in place of the monoester wax impregnated in the web used in Example 24, and the silicone oil was saturated with the web at 120 ° C. The evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 24 using the web impregnated with the silicone oil until the unevenness was observed. As a result, unevenness of adhesion of the silicone oil occurred, and the unevenness of the oil appeared on the image.

The results of the evaluation are shown in Table 6.

[0379]

[Table 6]

[0380]

According to the present invention, there is provided a cleaning device for cleaning the surface of a heat fixing member.
Since the cleaning device in contact with the heat-fixing member is impregnated with the wax, it has excellent wiping properties on the surface of the heat-fixing member.
There is no stickiness of the transparency film as the first recording sheet, and it is possible to perform fixing with excellent offset resistance over a long period of time (many sheets durability).

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a fixing device of a roller heating type having a cleaning device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a film heating type fixing device having the cleaning device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of an image forming apparatus capable of performing the image forming method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of an image forming apparatus capable of forming a full-color image capable of performing the image forming method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an example of an image forming apparatus using an intermediate transfer member used in the image forming method of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating an example of a roller heating type fixing device having a cleaning layer according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a case where the image forming apparatus of the present invention is applied to a printer of a facsimile machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Photosensitive drum (latent image holding body) 4Y, 4C, 4M, 4K Developing device 5A Transfer device 9 Heat fixing device 9a Heat fixing roller (heat fixing member) 9b Pressure roller 9c Cleaning roller 9d Wax pad 51 Photoconductor (latent image) Holder) 54-1 Cyan developing device 54-2 Magenta developing device 54-3 Yellow developing device 54-4 Black developing device 55 Intermediate transfer member 56 Recording material 57 Transfer roller (transfer member) 61 Heat fixing device 61a Heat fixing roller ( Heating and fixing member) 61b Pressure roller 61c Cleaning roller 61d Wax pad 101 Heating and fixing roller (heating and fixing member) 102 Pressure roller 105 Cleaning roller (cleaning member) 106 Wax pad 111 Fixing film 112 Pressure roller 119 Wax pad (cleaning member) ) 151 drum type photoreceptor (latent image holder) 151 a shaft 152 charging unit 153 exposure unit 154 developing unit 155 transfer unit 156 cleaning unit 157 pre-exposure unit 158 fixing unit 159 wax pad 200 fixing roller (heat fixing member) 201 pressure Roller 202 Heat source 203 Web 204 Web holding roller 205 Web guide L Optical image exposure P Recording material T Toner

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-4-168466 (JP, A) JP-A-7-77836 (JP, A) JP-A-7-98511 (JP, A) JP-A-3-114064 (JP) JP-A-4-214570 (JP, A) JP-A-4-107566 (JP, A) JP-A-58-215675 (JP, A) JP-A-4-2933073 (JP, A) 58-152653 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G03G 15/20 104-105 G03G 15/20 101 G03G 21/10 G03G 9/08

Claims (52)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cleaning device for a heat fixing member for cleaning a surface of a heat fixing member which is in pressure contact with the toner image in order to heat and fix the toner image on a recording material , wherein the cleaning device comprises a surface of the heat fixing member. It has a wax b held by the cleaning member and the cleaning member in contact with the, contact at 100 ° C. with the wax b and the heating fixing member
An antennae is C, and 20 of the wax b and the heat fixing member
When the contact angle at 0 ° C. is D, the contact angles C and D
Is a cleaning device for a heat-fixing member , wherein the following relationship is satisfied: 60 ° ≦ C ≦ 80 ° 10 ° ≧ DC ≧ 3 ° 2. The cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein said wax b has a melting point of 30 to 150 ° C. 3. The wax b has a weight average molecular weight (M
3. The cleaning device for a heat fixing member according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning device has a w) and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 200 to 4000. 4. 4. The wax b has a weight average molecular weight (M) of 400 to 4000 in a molecular weight distribution by GPC.
w) and 200 to 4000 heat fixing member cleaning device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of. 5. The wax b has a weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight (Mw / Mn) of 2 or less in a molecular weight distribution by GPC.
5. The cleaning device for a heat fixing member according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . Wherein the wax b is cleaning heat fixing member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has a 7.5 to 16.3 solubility parameter (SP value) apparatus. 7. The wax b is 1 to 50 mpas.
And heating the fixing member cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it has a melt viscosity at 100 ° C. in sec. 8. The wax b is a heat fixing member according to any one of claims 1乃<br/> optimum 7, characterized in that it has a Vickers hardness of 0.3 to 5.0 Cleaning device. 9. The wax b is a group consisting of paraffin wax, modified paraffin wax, polyolefin wax, modified polyolefin wax, higher fatty acid, metal salt of higher fatty acid, amide wax and ester wax. The cleaning device for a heat fixing member according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of: 10. A heating fixing member, a heating fixing member cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fixing roller in the roller heat fixing system. 11. heating fixing member, a heating fixing member cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fixing film in the film heat fixing system. 12. The cleaning member is a cleaning roller in which brush-like fibers are provided on a cylinder, and the cleaning roller contacts a wax pad impregnated with the wax b by rotating, and It holds the wax b, claims 1 to 1 abuts against the surface of the heating fixing member and performs cleaning
2. The cleaning device for a heat fixing member according to claim 1 . 13. The cleaning member is a web, the web is impregnated with the wax b, and the web impregnated with the wax b is sequentially sent out, and the surface of the heat fixing member is The cleaning device for a heat fixing member according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the cleaning is performed by contacting the cleaning member. 14. The cleaning member is a pad, the pad is impregnated with the wax b, and the pad impregnated with the wax b is brought into contact with a surface of the heat fixing member. heat fixing member cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the cleaning Te. 15. A step of carrying a toner image formed by a toner on a recording material, and fixing the toner image carried on the recording material to the recording material by a heat fixing member which is in pressure contact with the toner image. And a step of cleaning the surface of the heat-fixing member with a cleaning device. The cleaning device comprises: a cleaning member in contact with the surface of the heat-fixing member; and a wax b held on the cleaning member. the has, contact at 100 ° C. with the wax b and the heating fixing member
An antennae is C, and 20 of the wax b and the heat fixing member
When the contact angle at 0 ° C. is D, the contact angles C and D
Is a heat fixing method satisfying the following relationship: 60 ° ≦ C ≦ 80 ° 10 ° ≧ DC ≧ 3 ° 16. The heat fixing method according to claim 15 , wherein the wax b has a melting point of 30 to 150 ° C. 17. The wax b has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 400 to 4000 and a number average molecular weight (Mw) of 200 to 4000 according to GPC molecular weight distribution.
claim, characterized in that a n) 15 or 16
3. The heat fixing method according to 1. 18. The wax b has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 400 to 4000 and a number average molecular weight (Mw) of 200 to 4000 in a molecular weight distribution by GPC.
claim, characterized in that a n) 15 or 16
3. The heat fixing method according to 1. 19. The wax b are Claim 1 in the molecular weight distribution by GPC, characterized in that it possess 2 following weight-average molecular weight / number average molecular weight (Mw / Mn)
19. The heat fixing method according to any one of 5 to 18 . 20. The wax b, which is contained in an amount of 7.5 to 16.3.
The heat fixing method according to any one of claims 15 to 19 , having a solubility parameter (SP value). 21. The wax b may be 1 to 50 mpa.
heat fixing method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that it has a melt viscosity at 100 ° C. of s · sec. 22. The wax b are Claim 1, characterized in that it has a Vickers hardness of 0.3 to 5.0
22. The heat fixing method according to any one of 5 to 21 . 23. The wax b is a group consisting of paraffin wax, modified paraffin wax, polyolefin wax, modified polyolefin wax, higher fatty acid, metal salt of higher fatty acid, amide wax and ester wax. claim, characterized in that it comprises one or more members selected from the 15 to 22
The heat fixing method according to any one of the above. 24. heating fixing member, heat fixing method according to any one of claims 15 to 23, characterized in that a fixing roller in a roller heat fixing system. 25. heating fixing member, heat fixing method according to any one of claims 15 to 23, characterized in that a fixing film in the film heat fixing system. 26. The cleaning member is a cleaning roller having brush-like fibers provided on a cylinder, and the cleaning roller is brought into contact with a wax pad impregnated with the wax b by rotating, and 16. The cleaning device according to claim 15, wherein the cleaning is performed by holding the wax b and abutting against the surface of the heat fixing member.
25. The heat fixing method according to any one of 25 . 27. The cleaning member is a web, the web is impregnated with the wax b, and the web impregnated with the wax b is sequentially sent out, and the surface of the heat fixing member is The heat fixing method according to any one of claims 15 to 25 , wherein the cleaning is performed by contacting the fixing member. 28. The cleaning member is a pad, the pad is impregnated with the wax b, and the pad impregnated with the wax b is brought into contact with the surface of the heat fixing member. The heat fixing method according to any one of claims 15 to 25 , wherein cleaning is carried out by heating. 29. a step of forming an electrostatic latent image on the latent image carrier, a step of developing the electrostatic latent image with toner to form a toner image, a step of transferring the toner image to a recording material,
An image forming method comprising: fixing the toner image transferred onto the recording material to the recording material by a heating and fixing member that is in pressure contact with the toner image; and cleaning the surface of the heating and fixing member by a cleaning device. , the cleaning device has a wax b on the surface of the heating fixing member held by the cleaning member and the cleaning member abuts, against at 100 ° C. with the wax b and the heating fixing member
An antennae is C, and 20 of the wax b and the heat fixing member
When the contact angle at 0 ° C. is D, the contact angles C and D
An image forming method characterized by satisfying the following relationship 60 ° ≦ C ≦ 80 ° 10 ° ≧ D-C ≧ 3 °. 30. The image forming method according to claim 29 , wherein said wax b has a melting point of 30 to 150 ° C. 31. The wax b has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 400 to 4000 and a number average molecular weight (Mw) of 200 to 4000 according to GPC molecular weight distribution.
claim, characterized in that a n) 29 or 30
2. The image forming method according to 1., 32. The wax b has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 400 to 4000 and a number average molecular weight (Mw) of 200 to 4000 according to GPC molecular weight distribution.
claim, characterized in that a n) 29 or 30
2. The image forming method according to 1., 33. The wax b has a weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight (Mw / Mn) of 2 or less in a molecular weight distribution by GPC.
33. The image forming method according to any one of 29 or 32 . 34. The wax b, which has a composition of 7.5 to 16.3.
The image forming method according to any one of claims 29 to 33 , having a solubility parameter (SP value). 35. The wax b may be 1 to 50 mpa.
The image forming method according to any one of claims 29 to 34, characterized in that it has a melt viscosity at 100 ° C. of s · sec. 36. The wax b are Claim 2, characterized in that it has a Vickers hardness of 0.3 to 5.0
36. The image forming method according to any one of 9 to 35 . 37. The wax b is a group consisting of paraffin wax, modified paraffin wax, polyolefin wax, modified polyolefin wax, higher fatty acid, metal salt of higher fatty acid, amide wax and ester wax. 29. to 3, characterized in that it comprises one or more members selected from
7. The image forming method according to any one of 6 . 38. heating fixing member, an image forming method according to any one of claims 29 to 37, characterized in that a fixing roller in a roller heat fixing system. 39. heating fixing member, an image forming method according to any one of claims 29 to 37, characterized in that a fixing film in the film heat fixing system. 40. The cleaning member is a cleaning roller in which brush-like fibers are provided on a cylinder, and the cleaning roller is brought into contact with a wax pad impregnated with the wax b by rotating, and 30. The cleaning device according to claim 29, wherein the cleaning is performed by holding the wax b and abutting against the surface of the heat fixing member.
39. The image forming method according to any one of items 39 . 41. The cleaning member is a web, the web is impregnated with the wax b, and the web impregnated with the wax b is sequentially sent out, and the surface of the heat fixing member is The image forming method according to any one of claims 29 to 39 , wherein cleaning is performed by contacting the image forming apparatus. 42. The cleaning member is a pad, the pad is impregnated with the wax b, and the pad impregnated with the wax b is brought into contact with the surface of the heat fixing member. The image forming method according to any one of claims 29 to 39 , wherein the cleaning is performed by a cleaning method. 43. The toner, colorant, image forming method according to any one of claims 29乃<br/> optimum 39, characterized by containing a binder resin and a wax a. 44. A combination of the wax a and the heat fixing member
When the contact angle at 00 ° C. is A and the contact angle between the wax a and the heat fixing member at 200 ° C. is B,
The image forming method according to claim 43 , wherein the contact angles A and B satisfy the following relationship: 60 ° A ≦ 80 ° 10 ° ≧ BA ≧ 3 °. 45. The wax a has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 400 to 4000 and a number average molecular weight (Mw) of 200 to 4000 according to GPC molecular weight distribution.
The image forming method according to claim 43 , wherein n) is satisfied. 46. The wax a has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 400 to 4000 and a number average molecular weight (Mw) of 200 to 4000 in a molecular weight distribution by GPC.
n), and the inoculation angle between the wax a and the heat fixing member at 100 ° C. is A, and the contact angle between the wax a and the heat fixing member at 200 ° C. is B, contact angles a and B, the following relationship 60 ° ≦ a ≦ 80 ° 10 ° ≧ B - the image forming method according to claim 43, characterized in that satisfy a ≧ 3 °. 47. The wax a has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 400 to 4000 and a number average molecular weight (Mw) of 200 to 4000 according to GPC molecular weight distribution.
n), and the inoculation angle between the wax a and the heat fixing member at 100 ° C. is A, and the contact angle between the wax a and the heat fixing member at 200 ° C. is B, The contact angles A and B satisfy the following relationship: 60 ° ≦ A ≦ 80 ° 10 ° ≧ BA−3 ° The wax b has a molecular weight distribution of 4 according to GPC.
Weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 00 to 4000 and 200
Or The image forming method according to claim 43, characterized in that it has a number average molecular weight of 4000 (Mn). 48. The method according to claim 29 , wherein the toner image is a full-color toner image formed by magenta toner, cyan toner and yellow toner.
48. The image forming method according to any one of items 47 to 47 . 49. The toner image, an image forming method according to any one of claims 29 to 47, characterized in that a full-color toner image formed magenta toner, cyan toner, the yellow toner and a black toner. 50. A said toner image, an image forming method according to any one of claims 29 to 47, characterized in that a black toner image formed by the black toner. 51. The image forming method according to claim 50 , wherein the black toner is a magnetic toner containing a magnetic material. 52. The image forming method, the the toner image transferred to the first transfer step and the intermediate transfer member for transferring the toner image formed on the latent image bearing member to an intermediate transfer member records The image forming method according to any one of claims 29 to 51 , further comprising a second transfer step of transferring to a material.