JP3119085U - Liquid magnetization processing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a liquid magnetization processing apparatus that can reliably activate a liquid to be processed by inducing a rotating swirl motion, can extend the life of the liquid to be processed, is relatively simple to manufacture, and is advantageous for cost reduction. .
The liquid magnetization processing apparatus includes a housing pipe, magnetism generating means, and a magnetization vibration element. The magnetism generating means 41 is arranged coaxially on the outer peripheral side of the housing pipe 21 and magnetizes the magnetization vibration element 31. The magnetization vibration element 31 is made of an elastic material, and is arranged coaxially in the processing chamber 25 of the housing pipe 21 and along the inner peripheral surface of the pipe. The magnetization vibration element 31 vibrates by being elastically deformed under the pressure of the liquid to be treated, and magnetizes the liquid to be treated based on this vibration.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid magnetization processing apparatus for activating a liquid, removing impurities contained in the liquid, etc. by performing a magnetization process on a liquid such as cutting oil or grinding oil. is there.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, apparatuses that perform mechanical processing using a cutting tool or a grinding tool are well known. In this type of apparatus, a liquid such as cutting oil or grinding oil is circulated and supplied for the purpose of cleaning the tool or the work surface or lubricating the operating part of the apparatus. However, when the liquid is used repeatedly for a certain period of time, fine impurities such as metal powder derived from workpieces or wear powder from cutting blades and grindstones are likely to be mixed in the liquid, and the liquid is generated by the generation of bacteria in the liquid. It becomes easy to rot and oxidize. Therefore, unless these problems are solved, there is a possibility that the processing quality is deteriorated and the operation accuracy of the apparatus is impaired.

  In view of this, various devices for removing minute impurities in the liquid and suppressing the generation of bacteria have been proposed. As an example of such an apparatus, for example, there is an apparatus that can activate a liquid by magnetizing the liquid using a magnet (see JP-A-11-77479). Specifically, in the above publication, in a liquid circulation path, a filtering means that encloses magnetic particles in a housing pipe having an inlet and an outlet, and uses the encapsulated portion of the magnetic particles as a liquid flow path; An apparatus comprising an exciting means for magnetizing magnetic particles is disclosed. In addition to such a device, 1) a device having a structure in which the outer periphery of the housing pipe is surrounded by a horseshoe magnet or the like, and 2) a stirring member having a predetermined shape made of a permanent magnet is coaxially arranged in the housing pipe. An apparatus having a configuration is conventionally known.

  By the way, the mechanism by which a liquid containing minute impurities or the like is activated by a magnetic field is considered as follows. That is, the flowing liquid is electrostatically charged by its own mutual friction, but when the charged body moves in the magnetic field, a part of the movement in the traveling direction is converted into a rotating spiral movement. Moreover, since the collision between charged bodies becomes intense, activation of molecules also occurs. When the charged body performs a rotating spiral motion in this manner, magnetic field lines are newly generated. As a result, the motion of the charged body becomes more complicated and the activation of the molecule is further promoted. Further, when there are aggregated impurities, they are separated and dispersed into fine particles. Therefore, as a conclusion, in order to activate a liquid containing a minute impurity or the like, it is an important factor to promote the rotating spiral motion of the charged body in the magnetic field.

  However, in the case of a conventional apparatus having a structure in which the outer periphery of the housing pipe is surrounded by a horseshoe magnet or the like, it is difficult to apply a strong magnetism in the housing pipe, so that a rotating spiral motion cannot be expected. Further, in the case of the conventional apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-77479, relatively strong magnetism can be applied to the housing pipe by enclosing the magnetic particles, but the magnetic particles obstruct the flow of the charged material. Therefore, you cannot expect a rotating spiral motion. In addition, in the case of a conventional apparatus having a configuration in which a stirring member made of a permanent magnet is coaxially arranged in a housing pipe, a relatively strong magnetism can be applied to the housing pipe, but a stirring member having a complicated shape is used. It is necessary to manufacture with a permanent magnet, which makes it extremely difficult to manufacture.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to reliably activate the liquid to be treated by inducing the rotational swirl motion, so that the life of the liquid to be treated can be extended and the production is relatively An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid magnetization processing apparatus that is simple and advantageous in terms of cost reduction. Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid magnetization processing apparatus that can be easily regenerated after use.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the device according to claim 1 is configured such that an inlet into which a liquid to be processed flows, a processing chamber for magnetizing the liquid to be processed, and the liquid to be processed magnetized are discharged. A housing pipe that can be installed in the middle of the piping, and a magnetization vibration element that is made of an elastic material coaxially and along the inner peripheral surface of the housing pipe in the processing chamber, The gist of the liquid magnetization processing apparatus is characterized in that it is provided coaxially on the outer peripheral side of the housing pipe and includes magnetism generating means for magnetizing the magnetization vibration element.

  Therefore, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the magnetism of the magnetism generating means passes through the housing pipe and propagates into the inside thereof, and magnetizes the magnetization vibration element disposed in the processing chamber. As a result, relatively strong magnetism is likely to be generated in the processing chamber. As a result, the magnetism reliably acts on the liquid to be processed flowing in the processing chamber, and a rotational spiral motion can be induced in the liquid to be processed. Further, since the magnetization vibration element is made of an elastic material, it is elastically deformed and vibrated by the liquid pressure of the liquid to be processed, and the vibration vibrates between the magnetization vibration element and the housing pipe, and the liquid to be processed is electrostatically charged. It becomes easy. Of course, the occurrence of such vibration also improves the stirring efficiency of the liquid to be processed. In addition, since the magnetization vibration element is disposed coaxially in the processing chamber and along the inner peripheral surface of the pipe, there is no obstacle at the center of the pipe, and an environment in which a rotating spiral motion easily occurs.

  From the above, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to reliably induce a rotational spiral motion in the liquid to be treated. Therefore, the liquid to be processed can be reliably activated, and the life of the liquid to be processed can be extended. In addition, unlike the prior art, the permanent magnet can be manufactured without an operation of processing it into a complicated shape.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the magnetism generating means includes a plurality of disk-like permanent magnets arranged in a stacked manner with the same magnetic poles facing each other, and the magnetization vibration element Is constituted by a metal spring disposed coaxially and along the inner peripheral surface of the housing pipe, and a metal subspring wound around the spring, The gist of the invention is that a toothed washer having a plurality of twisted internal teeth is provided on the upstream side of the magnetization vibration element.

  Therefore, according to the second aspect of the present invention, the magnetism generating means is configured as described above using a plurality of disk-like permanent magnets, thereby generating a very strong magnetism toward the inside of the housing pipe. Can do. In addition, if the magnetization vibration element is combined with a spring and a sub-spring, a double spiral structure is used, so that friction is more likely to occur between the magnetization vibration element and the housing pipe, and the stirring effect is further improved. Further, by providing the toothed washer, the traveling direction is changed in a predetermined direction by a plurality of twisted internal teeth when the liquid to be processed passes through the toothed washer, so that a rotational spiral motion is generated in the liquid to be processed in the processing chamber. It tends to happen.

  From the above, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to induce the rotational swirl motion in the liquid to be processed more reliably, and the liquid to be processed can be reliably activated. In addition, since the magnetization vibration element is configured by using simple and inexpensive parts such as a spring and a subspring, it is relatively easy to manufacture and can be advantageous for cost reduction.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the magnetism generation unit is configured to magnetize the magnetization vibration element in the vicinity of the processing chamber, and to separate the magnetization vibration from the processing chamber. The gist of the invention is that the element can be moved along the axial direction of the housing pipe between a non-magnetized position where the element is hardly magnetized.

  Therefore, according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the magnetism generating means is disposed at the magnetization position during use, the magnetization vibration element is magnetized by the magnetism of the magnetism generation means, and the magnetization vibration element is in the liquid to be treated. Magnetic minute impurities are trapped. On the other hand, since the magnetism generating means is disposed at the non-magnetization position during reproduction, the magnetism of the magnetism generating means hardly acts on the magnetization vibration element, and the magnetization vibration element is hardly magnetized. As a result, the magnetic minute impurities trapped by the magnetization vibration element are released into the liquid to be processed. Therefore, according to the present invention, the liquid magnetization processing apparatus can be easily regenerated after use by moving the magnetism generating means along the axial direction of the housing pipe.

  As described above in detail, according to the devices described in claims 1 to 3, the liquid to be processed can be reliably activated by inducing the rotational swirl motion, so that the life of the liquid to be processed can be extended, and the production is relatively It is possible to provide a liquid magnetization processing apparatus that is simple and advantageous in terms of cost reduction. Therefore, when this device is installed on the circulation path of cutting oil or grinding oil of a machining device, for example, reduction of processing cost, improvement of working environment, stabilization of processing accuracy, tool and cutting oil or grinding oil It is possible to extend the service life.

  Moreover, according to the invention described in claim 3, it is possible to provide a liquid magnetization processing apparatus that can be easily regenerated after use.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11 of this embodiment includes a housing pipe 21, a magnetization vibration element 31, a magnetism generating means 41, a toothed washer 51, and the like.

  The housing pipe 21 of this embodiment is a straight tubular member made of metal. Here, the metal material forming the housing pipe 21 is not limited, but for example, austenitic stainless steel or the like (SUS304 or the like) is suitable.

  An inlet 22 through which the liquid to be processed flows is provided at one end of the housing pipe 21, and an outlet 23 through which the liquid to be processed magnetized is discharged at the other end. In the housing pipe 21, female thread portions are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the portion where the inlet 22 is located and the inner peripheral surface of the portion where the inlet 22 is located. A male screw portion of a hexagonal different diameter nipple 26 is screwed to the female screw portion of the inlet 22, and a male screw portion of a hexagonal different diameter nipple 27 is screwed to the female screw portion of the inlet 22.

  The region in the housing pipe 21 is divided into two, and the upstream side thereof is a pre-processing chamber 24 and the downstream side thereof is a processing chamber 25 for magnetizing the liquid to be processed. The cross-sectional shape of the pre-treatment chamber 24 and the cross-sectional shape of the treatment chamber 25 when the housing pipe 21 is cut in the radial direction are both circular. However, the cross-sectional area of the processing chamber 25 is the same at any position, whereas the cross-sectional area of the pre-processing chamber 24 becomes smaller toward the downstream side. In other words, the pre-treatment chamber 24 has a tapered shape with a diameter decreasing toward the downstream side. As a result, a step portion 28 is formed at the boundary between the pre-treatment chamber 24 and the treatment chamber 25.

  A toothed washer 51 having a plurality of twisted internal teeth 52 is provided on the surface of the stepped portion 28 on the processing chamber 25 side as shown in FIG. Since the plurality of inner teeth 52 of the toothed washer 51 are twisted in the same direction, the structure is like a fin. Therefore, when the liquid to be processed passes through the toothed washer 51, the traveling direction is converted into a predetermined direction by the internal teeth 52. As a result, the rotational vortex motion easily occurs in the liquid to be processed in the processing chamber 25. Since the pretreatment chamber 24 is reduced in diameter toward the downstream side, the liquid to be treated flowing therethrough is gradually collected at the center of the pipe. Therefore, the liquid to be treated is likely to hit the plurality of inner teeth 52 formed on the inner peripheral side of the toothed washer 51. The flow direction of the liquid to be treated is indicated by a white arrow A1 in the figure.

  A magnetizing vibration element 31 having a so-called double spiral structure is disposed in the processing chamber 25 of the housing pipe 21. Specifically, the magnetization vibration element 31 includes a metal spring 32 and a metal subspring 33 wound around the spring 32.

  The spring 32 is formed in a coil shape using a metal such as stainless steel as a material. In this case, although austenitic stainless steel such as SUS304 may be used, it is preferable to use martensitic stainless steel that is more easily magnetized. Note that the spring constant of the spring 32 is preferably set to be relatively small so that the spring 32 is elastically deformed by the action of the liquid pressure of the liquid to be treated and surely vibrates. The aforementioned toothed washer 51 supports one end of the spring 32.

  On the other hand, the subspring 33 is also formed using a material such as stainless as described above. As such a sub-spring 33, it is preferable to use one that is thinner than the spring 32 for the convenience of winding. When the sub-spring 33 is wound around the spring 32, the surface area of the magnetization vibration element 31 is substantially increased, and the contact opportunity between the pipe inner peripheral surface and the magnetization vibration element 31 is increased. Note that an increase in the contact opportunity leads to an increase in friction, and as a result, the liquid to be processed is easily electrostatically charged. Of course, the occurrence of such vibration also improves the stirring efficiency of the liquid to be processed.

  The spring 32 is disposed inside the processing chamber 25 coaxially with the housing pipe 21 and along the inner peripheral surface of the pipe. By adopting such an arrangement mode, there is no obstacle at the center of the pipe inside the processing chamber 25, and an environment in which a rotating spiral motion easily occurs. In addition, since the distance between the spring 32 and the sub-spring 33 and the inner peripheral surface of the pipe is shortened, the chance of contact with each other is surely increased.

  On the outer peripheral side of the housing pipe 21, magnetism generating means 41 for magnetizing the magnetization vibration element is disposed coaxially with the housing pipe 21. The magnetism generating means 41 of the present embodiment is constituted by a plurality of disk-like permanent magnets 42 that are stacked in a state where the same magnetic poles face each other, and a metal magnet case 43 that accommodates them. As the plurality of disk-like permanent magnets 42, for example, neodymium magnets with extremely strong magnetic force are preferably used. Here, the reason why the same magnetic poles are arranged so as to face each other is as follows. In other words, with this structure, the lines of magnetic force collide at the interface between the disk-shaped permanent magnets 42, so that the lines of magnetic force are directed toward the center of the housing pipe 21. Therefore, it is possible to generate very strong magnetism toward the inside of the housing pipe 21 and to form a plurality of stages of strong magnetic fields in the processing chamber 25.

  Further, the magnet case 43 constituting the magnetism generating means 41 of the present embodiment is designed to be about half the length of the housing pipe 21. The magnetism generating means 41 is located between the magnetization position P1 where the magnetization vibration element 31 is magnetized close to the processing chamber 25 and the non-magnetization position P2 which is separated from the processing chamber 25 and hardly magnetizes the magnetization vibration element 31. It can move along the axial direction of the housing pipe 21 (see FIG. 3). Incidentally, FIG. 1 shows a state in which the magnetism generating means 41 is at the magnetization position P1. When using the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11, the magnetism generating means 41 is basically arranged at the magnetization position P1. However, after the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11 has been used to some extent, the magnetism generating means 41 is slid from the magnetization position P1 to the non-magnetization position P2 to perform a regeneration process for removing magnetic minute impurities.

  And according to this embodiment, the following effects can be acquired.

  (1) In the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11 of the present embodiment, a plurality of disk-like permanent magnets 42 are used, and the magnetism generating means 42 is configured by stacking them with the same magnetic poles facing each other. Yes. Such magnetism generating means 41 is coaxially arranged on the outer peripheral side of the housing pipe 21. Therefore, very strong magnetism can be generated toward the inside of the housing pipe 21, and a plurality of regions of strong magnetic fields can be formed in the processing chamber 25. As a result, the magnetization vibration element 31 can be reliably magnetized. Therefore, it becomes possible to induce the rotational swirl motion in the liquid to be processed more reliably, and the liquid to be processed can be reliably activated.

  (2) Further, in the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11 of the present embodiment, the so-called double-helical structure magnetization vibration element 31 is configured by combining the spring 32 and the subspring 33 made of an elastic material. This is disposed coaxially within the processing chamber 25 of the housing pipe 21 and along the inner peripheral surface of the pipe. Therefore, structurally, friction is more likely to occur between the magnetization vibration element 31 and the housing pipe 21, and the stirring effect of the liquid to be processed is further improved. This also has a positive effect on reliably inducing a rotating spiral motion in the liquid to be treated. In addition, since the magnetization vibration element 31 is configured by using simple and inexpensive parts such as the spring 32 and the sub-spring 33, the manufacturing is relatively easy and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  (3) Further, in the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11 of the present embodiment, since the magnetization vibration element 31 having the above structure is used, the magnetization vibration element 31 in the liquid to be processed is magnetized by the magnetism generating means 41. Magnetic fine impurities can be captured. In particular, since this magnetization vibration element 31 has a double spiral structure, it has a complicated shape and easily captures magnetic minute impurities.

  (4) Further, in the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11 of the present embodiment, the toothed washer 51 having a plurality of twisted internal teeth 52 is provided in the processing chamber 25 on the upstream side of the magnetization vibration element 31. Therefore, when the liquid to be processed passes through the process chamber 25, the traveling direction is changed in a predetermined direction by the plurality of twisted internal teeth 52. As a result, a rotational spiral movement easily occurs in the liquid to be processed in the processing chamber 25. In addition, such a toothed washer 51 has a liquid stirring effect in addition to the effect of inducing the rotating spiral motion.

  (5) In the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11 of the present embodiment, the magnetization vibration element 31 is configured to be movable between the magnetization position P1 and the non-magnetization position P2 along the axial direction of the housing pipe 21. Yes. Therefore, in use, the magnetism generating means 13 is arranged at the magnetization position P1 so that the magnetizing vibration element 31 is magnetized by the magnetism of the magnetism generating means 41 and the magnetism vibrating element 31 captures magnetic minute impurities in the liquid to be processed. Can be made. On the other hand, by arranging the magnetic generation means 41 at the non-magnetization position P2 at the time of reproduction, the magnetism of the magnetic generation means 41 hardly acts on the magnetization vibration element 31, and the magnetization vibration element 31 is hardly magnetized. As a result, the magnetic minute impurities captured by the magnetization vibration element 31 are released into the liquid to be processed. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, by moving the magnetism generating means 41 along the axial direction of the housing pipe 21, it is possible to easily reproduce the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11 after use without removing it. For this reason, running costs can be reliably reduced, and short-term depreciation is possible.

Hereinafter, a more specific example of the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11 will be described.
[Example]

  FIG. 3 shows a grinding device 71 which is a kind of machining device. A grindstone 76 as a tool is accommodated in the grinding device 71. A nozzle 77 is disposed above the grindstone 76, and a grinding liquid is discharged from the nozzle 77 during processing. One end of a pipe 72 is connected to the discharge side of the grinding device 71, and a tank 73 is connected to the other end of the pipe 72. Therefore, the grinding fluid recovered by the grinding device 71 is temporarily stored in the tank 73 via the pipe 72. The tank 73 is provided with a pump 74, and another pipe 75 is connected to the pump 74. The pipe 75 is connected to the supply side of the grinding device 71, and the nozzle 77 is attached to the tip thereof. And what installed two liquid magnetization processing apparatuses 11 in the state of the series in the middle of the piping 75 was made into the test area of an Example. On the other hand, what did not install the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11 was made into the test plot of a comparative example. And after performing a fixed period about these, the following investigation was conducted.

  1) About clogging of the grindstone 76 and the life of the grindstone 76

  In the comparative example, a large amount of iron particles (that is, magnetic minute impurities) derived from the workpiece was contained in the grinding fluid. For this reason, iron particles are likely to adhere to the grindstone 76 and cause clogging, the cutting becomes worse early, and the life of the grindstone 76 is shortened. On the other hand, in the examples, clogging due to adhesion of iron particles was difficult to occur despite the inclusion of iron particles in the grinding fluid. Therefore, suitable cutting was maintained over a long period of time, and the life of the grindstone 76 was about twice as long as that of the comparative example. Of course, this leads to a reduction in processing costs. Incidentally, in the embodiment, as a result of the iron particles being charged by the activation treatment of the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11, the iron particles repel each other with the electrostatic grindstone 76 and the like, and the adhesion of the iron particles to the grindstone 76 is inhibited. Guessed.

  2) About the state of the workpiece cutting surface

  In the comparative example, the work cutting surface was rough due to the occurrence of scratches and the like, and the machining accuracy was clearly lowered. On the other hand, in the examples, scratches or the like did not occur and the workpiece cutting surface was not rough. Therefore, the machining accuracy was improved and stabilized as compared with the comparative example.

  3) Changes in grinding fluid

In the comparative example, since a large amount of iron particles and the like were contained in the grinding liquid as described above, the generation of bacteria was remarkable (the number of bacteria = about 1 × 10 ⁷ ), and the oxidation of the liquid was also progressing (pH = About 8.2). Therefore, the life of the grinding fluid was shortened. In contrast, in the examples, the generation of bacteria was suppressed (the number of bacteria = about 1 × 10 ³ ), and the oxidation of the liquid was also suppressed (pH = about 9.2). Therefore, the decay and odor generation of the grinding fluid was prevented, and the life could be extended. Of course, this leads to reduction of processing costs and improvement of the working environment. Incidentally, in an Example, it is estimated that generation | occurrence | production of bacteria etc. were suppressed as a result of having activated the grinding fluid by the activation process of the liquid magnetization processing apparatus 11. FIG.

  In addition, you may change embodiment of this invention as follows.

  In the above embodiment, the magnetization vibration element 31 having a double helix structure is used. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The magnetization vibration element having a single helix structure, that is, the sub-spring 33 is omitted and only the spring 32 is used. A magnetization vibration element may be used.

  In the above embodiment, the stainless spring 32 and the subspring 33 are used, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other metal materials (for example, a wire made of steel other than stainless steel, a nickel steel wire, a chrome steel wire) Etc.) may be used.

  -In above-mentioned embodiment, although the magnetism generation means 41 was comprised using the some disk shaped permanent magnet, it is not necessarily limited to this, You may comprise using the permanent magnet which is not disk shaped. Furthermore, it is allowed to use an electromagnet instead of the permanent magnet.

  In the above embodiment, the toothed washer 51 having the plurality of twisted internal teeth 52 is provided on the upstream side of the magnetization vibration element 31, but the configuration may be omitted.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a liquid magnetization processing apparatus according to an embodiment that embodies the present invention. The front view of the toothed washer used for a liquid magnetization processing apparatus. Schematic for demonstrating the installation state of the liquid magnetization processing apparatus in an Example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Liquid magnetization processing apparatus 21 ... Housing pipe 22 ... Inflow port 23 ... Discharge port 25 ... Processing chamber 31 ... Magnetization vibration element 32 ... Spring which comprises a magnetization vibration element 33 ... Sub spring which comprises a magnetization vibration element 41 ... Magnetic generation Means 42: Disk-like permanent magnet constituting magnetic generation means 51 ... Toothed washer 52 ... Internal tooth P1 ... Magnetized position P2 ... Non-magnetized position

Claims (3)

A housing pipe that has an inlet into which the liquid to be processed flows, a processing chamber for magnetizing the liquid to be processed, and an outlet through which the magnetized liquid to be processed is discharged; ,
A magnetization vibration element made of an elastic material coaxially arranged along the inner peripheral surface of the housing pipe in the processing chamber;
A liquid magnetization processing apparatus comprising: a magnetism generating means that is coaxially disposed on an outer peripheral side of the housing pipe and magnetizes the magnetization vibration element. The magnetism generating means is configured to include a plurality of disk-shaped permanent magnets arranged in a stacked manner with the same magnetic poles facing each other.
The magnetization vibration element includes a metal spring coaxially arranged along the inner peripheral surface of the housing pipe and a metal subspring wound around the spring. ,
The liquid magnetization processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a toothed washer having a plurality of twisted internal teeth is provided on the upstream side of the magnetization vibration element in the processing chamber. The magnetism generating means is arranged between the housing between a magnetization position where the magnetization vibration element is magnetized close to the processing chamber and a non-magnetization position where the magnetization vibration element hardly magnetizes the magnetization vibration element away from the processing chamber. The liquid magnetization processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid magnetization processing apparatus is movable along the axial direction of the pipe.

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