JP3117969B1 - Split rock device and centering method using the device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a rock splitting apparatus that enables a centering operation to be shortened, reduced in cost and reduced in noise by providing a crack on a rock surface side, and a centering method using the same. An advancing / retreating path of the movable piece 21 (an alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1) is an acute angle with the longitudinal direction X of the main body 1, that is, the longitudinal direction X of the hole 7 with the tip of the movable piece 21 facing the rock surface. Are formed. Therefore, when the piston portion 41 of the hydraulic jack 4 extends, the tip of the movable piece 21 moves toward the rock surface, and the crack CR propagates from the side of the drill hole 7 toward the rock surface. By forming the crack CR toward the rock surface around the drill hole 7 in advance in this way, it is possible to easily crush the rock surface portion around the drill hole 7.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rock splitting device which is inserted into a hole formed in a rock mass to split a rock mass, and to a centering method using the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to perform rock excavation work efficiently ,
It is desirable to have as many free surfaces as possible. Therefore,
Conventionally, a method has been used in which blasting is performed without centering, and the centering portion is sequentially cut and widened. In this specification, the operation of forming a centering portion on a bedrock is referred to as a "centering operation".

[0003]

By the way, in rock excavation near the city, it is basically very difficult to use blasting. Therefore, the above-mentioned centering is performed as follows. That is, a plurality of holes are formed by a rock drill, and the centering portion is formed by expanding the holes around the holes using a hydraulic breaker, a rock breaking device, or the like.

However, there is a problem that it takes a long time to form a large centering portion.
For example, if a hydraulic breaker is used, dust or a work piece generated during the work enters the centering portion and delays the centering operation.

[0005] Further, in the case of performing the centering operation using the split rock device, if the crack given to the bedrock can be propagated to the surface (free surface) of the bedrock by the split rock device, the centering operation can be performed efficiently. However, this was difficult with the conventional rock splitting apparatus. This is because, as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-105288, a conventional rock splitting device spreads an expanding piece in a direction substantially orthogonal to the moving direction by moving a wedge member forward and backward by a hydraulic jack.
Unless the rock splitting device is set at a large angle with respect to the surface of the rock, cracks are not propagated to the surface of the rock in a normal use mode, and the core is effectively removed because the crack is generated in the rock. Is difficult to form.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and provides a rock splitting apparatus and a core cutting method using the apparatus, in which a crack is formed on the surface of the bedrock to shorten the time and cost of the centering operation. The purpose is to provide.

[0007]

A rock splitting device according to the present invention is a rock splitting device which is inserted into a hole formed in a rock to break the rock, and in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, its tip end has the above-mentioned structure. A hollow main body that can be inserted into a hole, and a tapered portion that is disposed inside the main body so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the main body, and has an outer diameter that gradually decreases from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction. A wedge member having: a driving means for driving the wedge member in the longitudinal direction; a rear end surface slidingly contacting the tapered portion inside the main body; and when the wedge member is moved by the driving means, the movement operation is performed. Correspondingly, a movable means having at least one movable piece whose tip moves forward and backward at an opening provided on the side of the main body, wherein the tip of the movable piece faces the rock surface. In front Reciprocating path of the movable piece are configured to form the longitudinal and acute.

In the rock splitting apparatus thus constructed, the moving path of the movable piece forms an acute angle with the longitudinal direction of the main body, that is, the longitudinal direction of the drilling hole, with the tip of the movable piece facing the rock surface. Because of this configuration, the tip of the movable piece moves toward the rock surface, and cracks from the side of the drill hole toward the rock surface to break the rock. By forming a crack toward the rock surface around the hole in advance in this way, it is possible to easily crush the rock surface portion around the hole.

The position of the driving means is arbitrary. In particular, when the driving means is disposed inside the tip of the main body, the rock body is split as described above, and then the main body is further moved to the deep portion of the drilling hole. Further, a crack can be continuously formed in the rock toward the rock surface side. For this reason, the centering operation can be performed more efficiently.

Further, when the movable piece is projected from the opening of the main body toward the surface of the rock as described above, a large force acts on the main body in the bottom direction of the hole. Here, if the main body is not firmly fixed, the main body is pulled in the direction of the bottom of the hole by the force, and the force contributing to the processing of the rock in the rock decreases. In order to prevent this, it is effective to provide, for example, a pull-in restricting means on the rear end side of the main body. This is because, by providing the retracting control means on the rear end side of the main body, assuming that the above-mentioned force is applied to the main body, the retracting restricting means engages with the rock surface and the main body is pulled into the drill hole. Is reliably prevented.

When the movable means is composed of a plurality of movable pieces, these movable pieces are arranged radially around the movement path of the wedge member, so that the rock surface portion is formed in a substantially conical shape centering on the drilled hole. Can be split, and the centering work can be performed more efficiently.

In order to achieve the above object, a centering method according to the present invention includes a step of forming a drilled hole in a bedrock, and a step of forming a drilled hole in the rock mass, wherein the drilled hole has a front end side of a rock cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4. And forming a crack extending from the drilling side toward the rock surface by moving the wedge member to project the tip of the movable piece from the opening provided on the side of the main body. Crushing the rock surface portion where the crack is formed.

In the centering step, cracks are formed around the drill hole toward the rock surface using the above-mentioned rock splitting device, and the rock surface portion around the drill hole can be easily crushed.

[0014]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of a rock splitting apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is similar to FIG.
FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. In the split rock apparatus, as shown in these figures, four openings 11 are provided at equal angular intervals (90 °) about the center axis X (FIG. 2) of the main body 1 on the side of the hollow main body 1. ing. Each opening 11 is inclined from the inside to the outside of the main body 1, and extends toward the rear end (upper side in FIG. 1) toward the outside.

A movable piece 21 is provided inside the main body 1 so as to correspond to each opening 11. This movable piece 21
The cross section is a pentagon, the rear end portion is located inside the main body 1, and the rear end surface 211 is a tapered portion 3 of a wedge member 3 described later.
It is finished in a shape that can slide on it. On the other hand, the distal end of the movable piece 21 is pointed like a ridge, and can move forward and backward with respect to the opening 11 as the wedge member 3 moves in the longitudinal direction X of the main body 1 as described later. . in this way,
In this embodiment, the moving path of the movable piece 21 (the dashed line in FIG. 1) forms an acute angle, for example, about 30 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction X of the main body 1 (the moving direction of the wedge member 3). However,
This angle is not limited to 30 °, and may be any angle as long as it is acute.

The wedge member 3 for moving the movable piece 21 forward and backward has a conical shape, and is disposed inside the main body 1 so as to be reciprocally movable in the longitudinal direction X. The wedge member 3 has a tapered portion 3 whose outer diameter gradually decreases from one end (the lower end in the figure) to the other end (the upper end in the figure) in the longitudinal direction X.
One. And one end of the hydraulic jack 4
Is fixedly mounted.

The hydraulic jack 4 is disposed inside the front end of the main body 1 and is fixed to the lid 12 fixed to the front end of the main body 1 by a plurality of fasteners 42 such as bolts and screws. When the hydraulic jack 4 is operated by a hydraulic control circuit known per se to expand and contract the piston portion 41, the wedge member 3 moves in the longitudinal direction X according to the operation.

That is, the piston portion 4 of the hydraulic jack 4
1A, the wedge member 3 moves toward the distal end of the main body 1 (the lower side in FIG. 1), and each movable piece 21 slides on the tapered portion 31 by its own weight as shown in FIG. The movable piece 21 is moved into the main body 1 while being in contact therewith, and the entire movable piece 21 is accommodated in the main body 1. Accordingly, the distal end side of the main body 1 can be inserted into a hole formed in the rock with the movable piece 21 housed inside the main body 1 in this manner.

On the other hand, when the piston portion 41 of the hydraulic jack 4 is extended, the wedge member 3 moves to the rear end side (upper side in the figure) of the main body 1 as shown in FIG. The movable piece 21 moves to the outside of the main body 1 while sliding on the tapered portion 31, and the distal end of the movable piece 21 protrudes from the opening 11 of the main body 1. Therefore, as described above, the movable piece 21
After the tip of the main body 1 is inserted into the rock drilling hole in a state in which is accommodated, when the piston portion 41 of the hydraulic jack 4 is extended, the tip of each movable piece 21 projects toward the rock surface,
Cracks can be given to the bedrock to split it.

At the rear end of the main body 1, a retraction restricting portion 5 for preventing the main body 1 from being drawn into the drilled hole when performing the rock splitting work is detachable. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the pull-in restricting portion 5 includes a plate 51 for engaging with the rock surface and pressing the surface, and a pair of receiving members arranged on the plate 51 so as to surround the main body 1. It comprises a metal fitting 52 and a wedge rod 53 inserted between the receiving metal fitting 52 and the main body 1.

More specifically, when the receiving members 52 are integrated with each other by four bolts 521, a through hole is formed at the center thereof, and the through hole and the center hole of the plate 51 (not shown). The through hole is narrow at the front end side (lower side in FIG. 1) of the main body 1 and gradually increases toward the rear end side (upper side in FIG. 1). Hardware 52
Is formed with a tapered portion at the center. The wedge rod 53 is press-fitted along the tapered portion, so that the receiving fitting 52 is mounted and fixed to the main body 1.

In this embodiment, the workability is improved by using the wedge rod 53 divided into four parts. However, the number of divisions is not limited to this and may be arbitrary. Also, an integrated one may be used without being divided.

In this embodiment, a pair of receiving members 5
2 are fastened to each other with bolts 521 and integrated.
The number of divisions is not limited to this. Also, a pair of receiving fittings 5
One of the two may be fixed to the plate 51, or the receiving fitting 52 and the plate 51 may be used in a separated state. Further, it goes without saying that a receiving bracket 52 integrally formed as shown in FIG. 4 may be used.

Next, the operation of the thus-constructed rock splitting apparatus and the procedure for centering work using the same will be described with reference to the drawings.

First, a boring machine 6 such as a rock drill or a core boring machine (see FIG. 5) is attached to the tip of a boom of a heavy equipment vehicle (not shown).
(A)) is attached. In the drilling device 6, a rod 61 is rotated and slid along a leader attached and fixed to a boom, and a drilling hole can be formed in a bedrock by a bit 62 attached to a tip of the rod.

When the setting of the drilling device 6 on the heavy equipment vehicle is completed, the tip of the bit is moved to the centering work position by operating the heavy equipment vehicle, and then the drilling device 6 pierces the rock R from the surface to a predetermined depth. A hole 7 that is the center of the centering part
To form Here, as described later, since the rock R is rocked by the rock rocking apparatus of FIG. 1, it is necessary to form the drilled holes 7 having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the main body 1.

A rock splitting device is set in the drilled hole 7 thus formed. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
A wire W is attached to a hanging hole 13 (see FIG. 3) formed at a rear end of the main body 1, and the wire W is hooked on a hook F attached to a tip of a boom of the heavy equipment vehicle. Is inserted into the drill hole 7 and positioned at the position where the rock is first split. Also, the retractable restricting portion 5 is attached to the rear end side of the main body 1 so that the plate 51 is positioned at the same time when the main body 1 is positioned.
By pressing the rock surface. Thus, the preparation for the first rock splitting operation is completed. During this preparation stage, the piston 41 of the hydraulic jack 4 is controlled to be in a contracted state, and the movable piece 21 is housed inside the main body 1. It is in a state.

When the preparation for the rock splitting operation is completed, the hydraulic control circuit extends the piston portion 41 of the hydraulic jack 4 so that the movable piece 21 is tilted by about 30 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction X toward the surface of the bedrock. It protrudes from the opening 11. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5C, a crack CR is formed in the rock surface from the drill hole 7 toward the rock surface, and the rock R is split. In particular, in this embodiment, 4
The movable pieces 21 are radially arranged around the longitudinal direction X of the drill hole 7, and the movable pieces 21 radially protrude and the cracks CR are also formed radially. An inverted and substantially conical portion r with the center at the center rises from the rock R. In other words, crack CR
Are connected to each other to form a free surface. In addition, for convenience of the following description, the portion r is referred to as a “surface separation portion”.

If a free surface is not formed by one split rock operation, at least one split rock operation is performed.
A complete free surface can be formed by repeating the process more than once. That is, the hydraulic jack 4
The movable piece 21 is accommodated inside the main body 1 by contracting the piston portion 41 of the main body 1 and the main body 1 is rotated several tens degrees, for example, about 45 °, and then another crack CR is formed on the rock surface in the same manner as described above. Give towards. In this way, a completely free surface can be formed.

By forming a free surface on the surface of the rock as described above, the hole 7 can be expanded as described below. Of course, it is not essential to form a complete free surface in performing the centering operation. Even if a crack CR is generated from the side of the drill hole 7 toward the rock surface on the rock surface, The drilling 7 can be expanded by performing the operation described below.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6A, after the pull-in restricting portion 5 is removed, the surface separation portion r is removed, for example, as disclosed in
The crushing and removal are carried out by a conventionally well-known rock splitting device 8 as described in JP-A-105288. In this way, as shown in FIG. 3B, the surface separation portion r is completely removed, the centering portion is expanded, and the free surface is expanded. Of course, the centering operation may be completed with this. However, in this embodiment, after the surface side of the centering portion is further widened by the well-known splitting device 8, the above-described centering portion is repeated to remove the centering portion. To expand. By doing so, a larger centering portion can be formed.

This repetitive operation is performed as follows. First, as shown in FIG.
Is sent into a deeper portion (deep portion) of the drilled hole 7 and positioned at a position where the rock is to be split next. Also, the main body 1
The retraction restricting portion 5 is mounted again on the rear end side, and the rock surface is pressed down by the plate 51 simultaneously with the positioning of the main body 1. Thus, the preparation for the next rock splitting operation is completed. During this preparation stage, the piston portion 41 of the hydraulic jack 4 is controlled to be in a contracted state, and the movable piece 21 is housed inside the main body 1. It is in a state.

When the preparation for the rock splitting operation is completed, the piston 41 of the hydraulic jack 4 is extended by the hydraulic control circuit, and the movable piece 21 is tilted by about 30 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction X toward the surface of the bedrock 1 so that the movable piece 21 faces the rock surface. It protrudes from the opening 11. As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, a crack CR is formed from the drilled hole 7 toward the surface of the bedrock at the surface of the bedrock where the core has been removed, and the bedrock R is split. Thus, a surface separation portion r is newly formed immediately below the region that has already been crushed and removed. Here, if the free surface was not formed by one split rock operation, the main body 1 was used as in the first case.
A complete free surface can be formed by repeating the rotation of the rock and the rock work.

Subsequently, similarly to the above, after the pull-in restricting portion 5 is removed, the surface separation portion r is crushed and removed by a conventionally-known rock breaking device 8 or the like. In this way, the surface separation portion r is completely removed, the centering portion is expanded, and the free surface is further expanded.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the movable piece 21 is held in a state where the tip of the movable piece 21 faces the rock surface.
Of the main body 1 in the longitudinal direction X,
In other words, since the drilling portion 7 is formed so as to form an acute angle with the longitudinal direction X, the tip of the movable piece 21 moves toward the rock surface by extending the piston portion 41 of the hydraulic jack 4, and the drilling hole is formed. A crack CR is provided from the side of 7 toward the rock surface. By forming the crack CR toward the rock surface around the drill hole 7 in advance in this way, it is possible to easily crush the rock surface portion around the drill hole 7. In particular,
As in this embodiment, the free surface is formed by the rock splitting operation, and the surface separation portion r is crushed so as to rise from the rock R, so that the surface separation portion r can be easily crushed.
Moreover, it can be performed efficiently, and the work time for centering can be significantly reduced, and noise can be reduced.

In the above embodiment, the hydraulic jack 4
After arranging inside the tip of the main body 1 and breaking the rock surface,
Furthermore, since the main body 1 can be moved to the deep part of the drill hole 7 and the crack CR can be formed continuously on the rock R toward the rock surface, the centering operation can be performed more efficiently. It becomes possible.

In the above embodiment, not only the main body 1 is simply lifted by the wire W, but also the main body 1 is firmly fixed in the split rock work by the pull-in restricting portion 5.
The effect that the rock splitting work can be performed efficiently can be obtained. That is, with the movable piece 21 facing the rock surface, the main body 1
Of the main body 1 through the hole 7
A large force acts in the bottom direction. Here, if the main body 1 is not firmly fixed, the main body 1 will be drilled by the hole 7 by its force.
Although the force contributing to the rock processing of the rock R is reduced by being pulled toward the bottom of the rock, the above-described force is applied to the main body 1 by mounting the pull-in restricting portion 5 on the rear end side of the main body 1. As a result, it is possible to reliably prevent the main body 1 from being pulled into the drilled hole 7 due to the pull-in restricting portion 5 being locked by the rock surface.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the four movable pieces 21 are radially arranged around the longitudinal direction X of the drill hole 7, and when the piston portion 41 of the hydraulic jack 4 is extended, the movable pieces 21 are radially arranged. And the crack CR is also formed radially, so that the crack CR
Which is effective in improving the efficiency of the centering operation.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various changes other than those described above can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the hydraulic jack 4 is disposed inside the front end of the main body 1, but may be disposed at the rear end side of the main body 1 as shown in FIG. 9. In this embodiment, a flange portion 14 having an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the hole 7 is attached to the rear end of the main body 1.
Is inserted into the drilled hole 7, the flange portion 14 is locked to the rock surface to function as a pull-in restricting means, and the same effect as in the above embodiment can be obtained.

A lid 15 is mounted above the flange 14, and the hydraulic jack 4 is disposed inside the lid 15. The piston 41 of the hydraulic jack 4 is connected to the wedge member 3, and the wedge member 3 moves in the longitudinal direction X in accordance with the expansion and contraction of the piston 41. It is configured to advance and retreat along an advance and retreat path (an alternate long and short dash line in the figure) that forms an acute angle with the direction X.

Therefore, after the tip of the main body 1 is inserted into the hole 7 and the piston 41 of the hydraulic jack 4 is extended by a hydraulic control circuit known per se, the movable piece 21
Protrude radially, and a crack propagates from the bottom of the side surface of the drill hole 7 toward the rock surface. By forming a crack toward the rock surface in advance around the hole 7 in this way, it is possible to easily crush the rock surface portion around the hole 7 as in the above embodiment. .

In the above embodiment, the movable piece 21 is
Although the number of the movable pieces is arbitrary, the number of the movable pieces can be arbitrarily selected and set as appropriate according to the hardness and type of the rock.
That is, by extending the piston portion 41 of the hydraulic jack 4, at least one movable piece that moves toward the rock surface and propagates the crack CR from the side of the drill hole 7 toward the rock surface is provided. What is necessary is just to comprise a movable means.

In the above embodiment, the hydraulic jack 4
Is connected to the rear end (large diameter portion) of the wedge member 3, but is connected to the front end (sharp portion) to move the wedge member 3 in the longitudinal direction X. You may. However, in consideration of durability, breaking strength, and the like, it is desirable to connect the piston portion 41 to the rear end (large diameter portion) of the wedge member 3 as in the above embodiment.

In the above-described embodiment, the hydraulic jack 4 is used as a driving means for moving the wedge member 3 in the longitudinal direction X. However, it goes without saying that other driving means may be used. .

In the above embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the main body 1 is circular (annular). However, the shape is not limited to this, and may be polygonal. Similarly, the cross-sectional shape of the wedge member is not limited to a circular cross-section, but may be a polygonal cross-section.

[0046] Further, in the above embodiment, in order to prevent the main body 1 when the movable piece 21 projects into the rock side is drawn into the drilling 7, pull-regulation in the previous embodiments as pull regulating means The portion 5 is provided with the flange portion 14 in the later embodiment (FIG. 9). However, when the main body 1 is firmly positioned and fixed by a heavy equipment vehicle or the like, it is not always necessary to provide the pull-in restricting means. . That is, the pull-in restricting means is not an essential component but an optional component. However, by providing this, as described above, the main body 1 can be firmly fixed, and the effect that more efficient split rock work can be performed can be obtained.

[0047]

As described above, according to the present invention, the moving path of the movable piece forms an acute angle with the longitudinal direction of the main body (longitudinal direction of the drill hole) with the tip of the movable piece facing the rock surface. The tip of the movable piece moves toward the rock surface in response to the movement of the wedge member, and cracks from the side of the drill hole toward the rock surface to break the rock. The cracks can thus be preliminarily drilled around the drilling
Crushing of rock surface around drilling
Can be easily performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of a rock splitting apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1 (b).

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a pull-in restricting unit.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the pull-in restricting portion.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a procedure of a centering operation using the rock splitter of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a view showing a procedure of a centering operation using the rock splitter of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a procedure of a centering operation using the split rock apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a procedure of a centering operation using the rock splitter of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a view showing another embodiment of the rock splitting apparatus according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Main body 3 ... Wedge member 4 ... Hydraulic jack (drive means) 5 ... Retraction restricting part (retraction restricting means) 7 ... Hole 11 ... Opening 14 ... Flange part (retraction restricting means) 21 ... Movable piece 31 ... (wedge Tapered portion of member 41 41 Piston portion CR Crack R Rock bed X Longitudinal direction

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rock splitting device for splitting a rock by being inserted into a drill hole formed in a rock, comprising: a hollow main body having a tip end inserted into the drill hole; A wedge member that is disposed movably in the direction, and has a tapered portion whose outer diameter gradually decreases from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction; a driving unit that drives the wedge member in the longitudinal direction; The end face is in sliding contact with the tapered portion inside the main body,
When the wedge member is moved by the driving means, a movable piece having at least one or more movable pieces whose distal end moves forward or backward at an opening provided in a side portion of the main body in accordance with the moving operation. A rock splitting device, wherein the movable piece has an advancing / retreating path that forms an acute angle with the longitudinal direction in a state where a tip end of the movable piece faces a rock surface. 2. The rock splitting device according to claim 1, wherein the driving means is disposed inside a tip of the main body. 3. A retraction control means provided on a rear end side of the main body so as to be capable of engaging with a rock surface, and restricting the main body from being drawn into the hole by engaging with the rock surface. The rock splitting device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 4. The movable unit according to claim 1, wherein the movable unit includes a plurality of movable pieces, and these movable pieces are radially arranged around a movement path of the wedge member. Split rock equipment. 5. A step of forming a hole in a bedrock, a step of inserting a tip end side of the rock splitting device according to claim 1 into the hole, and a movable piece by moving a wedge member. Forming a crack extending from the side of the drilling hole toward the rock surface by projecting the tip end of the rock from the opening provided on the side of the main body; and crushing the rock surface portion having the crack formed. A centering method characterized by the following.