JP5200311B1 - Crushing method - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to efficiently crush objects to be crushed such as bedrock, concrete structures and rocks.
A first step of forming a drilling hole 2 in an object to be crushed 1 such as a rock mass, a concrete structure or a rock, and a crushing force generating member 3, a wedge member 4 and a movable member 5, 5 are drilled in this order. The wedge member 4 is inserted into the crushing force generating member 3 in a position close to the crushing force generating member 3 so as to be movable in the forming direction of the drilling hole 2, and the movable member 5 with respect to the inclined surface formed in the wedge member 4, Movable by moving the wedge member 4 toward the opening side of the drilling hole 2 by generating the crushing force by the crushing force generating member 3 in the drilling hole 2 and moving the wedge member 4 to the opening side of the drilling hole 2 by the crushing force. A third step of crushing the object 1 by pressing the members 5 and 5 against the inner wall surface of the hole 2.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing method for crushing an object to be crushed, such as a bedrock, a concrete structure or a rock.

  The inventor of the present application arranges the wedge member and the plurality of movable members in the drilling hole formed in the object to be crushed, and then drives the wedge member substantially parallel to the drilling direction to move the movable member into the drilling hole. A technique for crushing an object to be crushed was created by applying pressure to the wall surface (Patent Documents 1, 2, etc.).

Japanese Patent No. 3323492 Japanese Patent No. 3381163

  In these conventional techniques, a hydraulic jack is used as a crushing force generating member for applying a crushing force to an object to be crushed. The hydraulic jack is disposed on the surface of the object to be crushed, and crushes the object to be crushed by pulling up the wedge member in the drilling hole to the surface side. Therefore, although it is an effective means for efficiently crushing the portion near the surface of the hole, it is necessary to repeat the crushing process in order to crush to the vicinity of the bottom portion of the hole. Further, in order to repeat the crushing process, it is necessary to rearrange the hydraulic jack after leveling the surface of the object to be crushed flat before performing the next crushing process. Thus, in the prior art, it was difficult to efficiently crush the periphery of a relatively deep hole.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said subject, and it aims at providing the technique which crushes to-be-crushed objects, such as a bedrock, a concrete structure, and a rock, efficiently.

  In order to achieve the above object, the crushing method according to the present invention has a first step of forming a drilling hole in an object to be crushed such as a rock, a concrete structure or a rock, and a crushing force for crushing the periphery of the drilling hole. The crushing force generating member, the wedge member, and the movable member to be generated are inserted into the drilling hole in this order, and the wedge member is disposed movably in the direction of forming the drilling hole at a position close to the crushing force generating member. A second step of slidably disposing the movable member with respect to the inclined surface formed on the surface, generating a crushing force by the crushing force generating member in the drilling hole, and using the crushing force to move the wedge member to the opening side of the drilling hole And a third step of crushing the object to be crushed by pressing the movable member against the inner wall surface of the hole.

  In the invention configured as described above, the crushing force generating member is disposed in the drilling hole and closer to the drilling hole bottom side than the wedge member and the movable member. Then, the wedge member moves to the opening side of the drilling hole by the crushing force generated from the crushing force generating member. Along with this movement, the movable member slides on the inclined surface and presses against the inner wall surface of the drilling hole to crush the object to be crushed. Therefore, by generating the crushing force from the crushing force generating member, it is possible to crush not only the position relatively close to the opening of the drilling hole but also a relatively deep position, and crush the object to be crushed with excellent efficiency. it can.

  Here, in the second step, after the crushing force generating member, the wedge member, and the movable member are arranged, a filling member such as sand or earth may be inserted into the drilling hole to seal the drilling hole. The crushing force generated from the force generating member is prevented from coming out from the drilling hole, and is efficiently applied to the wedge member. As a result, the crushing efficiency of the object to be crushed can be increased. Moreover, it is possible to improve the workability by preventing the crushed pieces generated in the crushing process from being ejected from the hole.

  Moreover, as a crushing force generation member, an explosive, a non-explosive crushing agent, or a discharge impact generation member can be used. In this case, a conducting wire for operating the crushing force generating member may be inserted into a guide hole provided in the wedge member and connected to the crushing force generating member, and the crushing force generating member is operated via the conducting wire to crush. Force can be generated reliably. Of course, the crushing force generating member is not limited to these, and a static crushing material can be used as the crushing force generating member.

It is a figure which shows 1st Embodiment of the crushing method concerning this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the wedge member and movable member which are used with the crushing method of FIG. It is a figure which shows 2nd Embodiment of the crushing method concerning this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the wedge member and movable member which are used with the crushing method of FIG. It is a figure which shows 3rd Embodiment of the crushing method concerning this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the wedge member and movable member which are used with the crushing method of FIG. It is a figure which shows other embodiment of the crushing method concerning this invention.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of a crushing method according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a wedge member and a movable member used in the crushing method of FIG. 1A shows a state before the crushing force generating member is operated, while FIG. 1B schematically shows a state when the crushing force generating member is operated. Moreover, while the lower column in FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional structure, the upper column is a view taken along line AA in the cross-sectional structure diagram. These points are the same in FIGS. 3 and 5 described later.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, explosives are used as the crushing force generating member, and the crushing process is executed in the following procedure. First, a drilling hole 2 is formed in the (−Z) direction with respect to an object to be crushed 1 such as a bedrock, a concrete structure or a rock (first step).

  Next, after the crushing force generating member 3, the wedge member 4, and the movable members 5 and 5 are inserted into the hole 2 from the opening 21 of the hole 2 in this order, sand or earth is inserted as the filling member 6. Then, the hole 2 is sealed (second step). In the present embodiment, a bundle of a plurality of explosives and an electric detonator is used as the crushing force generating member 3. The crushing force generating member 3 has one end of a conducting wire 7 connected to the electric detonator, and the conducting wire 7 extends outside the drilling hole 2 through a guide hole 41 provided through the rotation center of the wedge member 4. ing. The other end of the conducting wire 7 is connected to an electric blasting device (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 2, the wedge member 4 is obtained by integrating a base portion 42 and a wedge portion 43. The base portion 42 has a disk shape having an outer diameter that is the same as or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the hole 2, and can be freely inserted into the hole 2. A wedge part 43 is erected in the (+ Z) direction from the upper surface of the base part 42. The wedge part 43 has a constant width in the X direction, but becomes thinner in the Y direction as it moves away from the base part 42, and has a tapered shape similar to the tip shape of a flathead screwdriver or the tip shape of a flat chisel. Have. As described above, the wedge member 4 has the inclined surfaces 44 on the (+ Y) direction side and the (−Y) direction side with respect to the rotation center axis AX extending in the Z direction. Further, a guide hole 41 is bored along the rotation center axis AX (FIG. 2), and the conductor 7 can be inserted as described above. In this embodiment, the wedge member 4 configured as described above is inserted into the hole 2 from the base part 42 side, and the hole 2 is formed with respect to the crushing force generating member 3 as shown in FIG. It arrange | positions close to the opening 21 side (+ Z direction side).

  Each movable member 5 has a sliding surface 51 that is slidable with respect to the inclined surface 44 of the wedge member 4. As shown in FIG. 2, the surface 52 opposite to the sliding surface 51 in the Y direction is finished in a convex shape having substantially the same curvature as the inner wall surface 22 of the hole 2. In this embodiment, the movable member 5 configured as described above is inserted into the drilling hole 2 with the convex surface 52 facing the inner wall surface 22 of the drilling hole 2, and slides as shown in FIG. The surface 51 is brought into contact with the inclined surface 44. In FIG. 3 (and FIG. 3, FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 to be described later), both surfaces are intentionally separated slightly in order to facilitate understanding of the inclined surface 44 and the sliding surface 51. Actually, both are in contact with each other and are relatively slidable.

  When the crushing force generating member 3, the wedge member 4 and the movable members 5, 5 are inserted into the hole 2 in this order, the wedge member 4 is disposed on the crushing force generating member 3, and the wedge member 4 The movable member 5 is arranged in the Y direction so as to be sandwiched between the inclined surface 44 and the inner wall surface 22 of the hole 2. At this stage, since a gap remains above the hole 2, a filler member 6 such as sand or earth is inserted into the gap, and the hole 2 is sealed as shown in FIG. . In this way, the setting operation of the crushing apparatus (crushing force generating member 3, wedge member 4, movable members 5, 5) for executing the crushing process is completed.

  Thereafter, the switch of the electric blasting device is turned on at an appropriate timing, whereby electric energy is given to the electric detonator through the conductor 7, and the explosive is blown up by the ignition of the electric detonator (third step). As a result, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the explosive force P (FIG. 2) generated from the crushing force generating member 3 is applied to the base portion 42 of the wedge member 4, and the wedge member 4 opens the hole 2. It is moved to the 21 side (+ Z direction side) and pushes the movable members 5 and 5 in the Y direction. That is, with this movement, the (+ Y) direction movable member 5 moves in the (+ Y) direction while sliding relative to the wedge member 4 on the inclined surface 44 and is movable in the (−Y) direction. The member 5 moves in the (−Y) direction while sliding relative to the wedge member 4 on the inclined surface 44. Thereby, the movable members 5 and 5 press the inner wall surface 22 of the hole 2 with the pressure P2 (FIG. 2), and the periphery of the hole 2 is crushed.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the crushing force generating member 3 is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the hole 2 and the crushing force generating member 3 is on the opening 21 side of the hole 2, that is, ( The wedge member 4 is arranged on the + Z) direction side. Then, the explosives constituting the crushing force generating member 3 are ignited to explode, the explosive force (crushing force) P moves the wedge member 4 to the opening 21 side of the hole 2, and the movable members 5 and 5 are cut. The object 1 is crushed by pressing against the inner wall surface 22 of the hole 2. Therefore, the periphery of the hole 2 can be crushed by one crushing treatment, and the crushed object 1 can be crushed with excellent efficiency.

  Further, in this embodiment, the crushing force generating member 3 is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the drilling hole 2 and is crushed to the deepest layer position of the drilling hole 2, but is crushed to the intermediate depth position of the drilling hole 2, When crushing to the deep layer position is not performed, the crushing force generating member 3 may be disposed at the intermediate depth position. Thus, the material 1 to be crushed can be crushed while controlling the depth of the region to be crushed, and the work is versatile.

  In this embodiment, the explosive is exploded in the drilling hole 2 for crushing treatment. In this respect, the explosive crushing technique that has been widely used in the past, that is, the explosive force of the explosive is used as it is. This is similar to the technique of crushing 1. However, in this embodiment, since the wedge member 4 is moved by the explosive force P, and the movable members 5 and 5 are pressed against the inner wall surface 22 of the drilling hole 2 by the movement, the explosive force P is directly applied. A larger force P <b> 2 acts on the inner wall surface 22 than when acting on the wall surface 22. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, when the angle of the wedge part 43 is 2α, the angle θ at which the inclined surface 44 intersects the XY plane is (90 ° −α). Here, the force applied to the wedge member 4 to push the wedge member 4 between the movable members 5 and 5 is an explosive force P, and the force P2 that pushes the inner wall surface 22 of the hole 2 by the movable member 5 is P -Tanθ. In this embodiment, since the two movable members 5 and 5 are used to push and expand in the Y direction, the force applied by each movable member 5 is (P2 / 2). For example, when the explosion force P is 280 [t] and the angle α is set to 0.9998606 [degrees], the force (P2 / 2) contributing to crushing is 8021.7 [t]. Moreover, in this embodiment, the direction crushing preferentially can be controlled by adjusting arrangement | positioning of the movable members 5 and 5, and this is an explosive crushing technique to which it is difficult to control a crushing direction. It can be said that this is an advantageous effect.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, after inserting / arranging the crushing force generating member 3, the wedge member 4 and the movable members 5, 5 into the hole 2, a filling member 6 such as sand or earth is inserted into the hole 2. Since the hole 2 is sealed, the explosive force (crushing force) generated from the crushing force generating member 3 is prevented from coming out of the hole 2 and is efficiently applied to the wedge member 4 so that it is efficiently covered. The crushed material 1 can be crushed. In addition, it is possible to improve workability by preventing the crushed pieces generated in the crushing process from being ejected from the hole 2.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the crushing method according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the wedge member and the movable member used in the crushing method of FIG. The second embodiment is greatly different from the first embodiment in that there is one movable member 5 and a single inclined surface 44 provided on the wedge member 4 correspondingly. Other basic configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the following, differences will be mainly described, and the same components will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

  In the wedge member 4 used in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the wedge portion 43 erected from the base portion 42 is on the side facing the movable member 5 (in the present embodiment, the (−Y) direction). And a curved side surface 45 provided on the side opposite to the inclined surface 44 (in the (+ Y) direction side in this embodiment). The curved side surface 45 is finished to have a convex shape having substantially the same curvature as the inner wall surface 22 of the drilling hole 2, and the wedge portion 43 is aligned with the base portion 42 so that the curved side surface 45 coincides with the curved side surface of the base portion 42. Are integrally attached to.

  Then, the crushing process is executed using a crushing device including the wedge member 4 configured as described above, one movable member 5, and the crushing force generating member 3. That is, similarly to the first embodiment, after forming a drilling hole 2 in the Z direction with respect to an object to be crushed 1 such as a rock, a concrete structure, or a rock (first step), from the opening 21 of the drilling hole 2 The crushing force generating member 3, the wedge member 4, and the movable member 5 are inserted into the hole 2 in this order. Thus, the wedge member 4 is disposed on the crushing force generating member 3, and the movable member 5 is moved in the (−Y) direction side so as to be sandwiched between the inclined surface 44 of the wedge member 4 and the inner wall surface 22 of the drilling hole 2. Only placed. On the other hand, when the wedge member 4 is completely inserted into the hole 2, the curved side surface 45 of the wedge member 4 faces the inner wall surface 22 of the hole 2 while being in contact with or close to it. At this stage, since a gap remains in the hole 2 in the upper direction, a filler member 6 such as sand or earth is inserted into the gap, as in the first embodiment, and FIG. The hole 2 is sealed as shown in FIG. Thus, when the setting operation of the crushing apparatus for executing the crushing process is completed, the explosive is blown up by operating the switch of the electric blasting device at an appropriate timing (third step). As a result, as shown in FIG. 3B, the explosive force generated from the crushing force generating member 3 is applied to the base portion 42 of the wedge member 4, and the wedge member 4 is on the opening 21 side (+ Z direction) of the drilling hole 2. The movable member 5 is pushed in the (−Y) direction. That is, with this movement, the single movable member 5 moves in the (−Y) direction while sliding on the inclined surface 44. As a result, the curved side surface 45 and the movable member 5 of the wedge member 4 press the inner wall surface 22 of the hole 2 and crush the periphery of the hole 2.

  As described above, in the second embodiment, although the number of the movable members 5 is one, the periphery of the hole 2 can be efficiently crushed by a single crushing process in the same manner as in the first embodiment. it can.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the crushing method according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the wedge member and the movable member used in the crushing method of FIG. The third embodiment is greatly different from the first embodiment in that the number of the movable members 5 is four and the corresponding inclined surfaces 44 provided on the wedge member 4 are four. The other basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the following, differences will be mainly described, and the same components will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

  In the wedge member 4 used in the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the wedge part 43 erected from the base part 42 has a quadrangular frustum shape, and is ( There are inclined surfaces 44 on the (+ Y) direction side, (−Y) direction side, (+ X) direction side, and (−X) direction side. In the figure, in order to facilitate understanding of the configuration of each movable member 5 and the positional relationship with the inclined surface 44, the movable member 5 is shown in a state excluding the (+ X) direction side movable member 5.

  Each movable member 5 has a sliding surface 51 that is slidable with respect to the inclined surface 44 of the wedge member 4. As shown in FIG. 6, the surface 52 opposite to the sliding surface 51 is finished in a convex shape having substantially the same curvature as the inner wall surface 22 of the hole 2.

  Then, the crushing process is executed using a crushing device including the wedge member 4, the four movable members 5, and the crushing force generating member 3 configured as described above. That is, similarly to the first embodiment, after forming a drilling hole 2 in the Z direction with respect to an object to be crushed 1 such as a rock, a concrete structure, or a rock (first step), from the opening 21 of the drilling hole 2 The crushing force generating member 3, the wedge member 4, and the movable member 5 are inserted into the hole 2 in this order. Thereby, the wedge member 4 is disposed on the crushing force generating member 3, and the wedge portion 43 of the wedge member 4 is moved from the (+ X) direction, the (−X) direction, the (+ Y) direction, and the (−Y) direction. Each movable member 5 is disposed so as to be sandwiched between the inclined surface 44 and the inner wall surface 22 of the drilling hole 2 while being surrounded by 5. At this stage, since a gap remains in the hole 2 in the upper direction, as in the first embodiment, a filler member 6 such as sand or earth is inserted into the gap, and FIG. The hole 2 is sealed as shown in FIG. Thus, when the setting operation of the crushing apparatus for executing the crushing process is completed, the explosive is blown up by operating the switch of the electric blasting device at an appropriate timing (third step). As a result, as shown in FIG. 5B, the explosive force generated from the crushing force generating member 3 is applied to the base portion 42 of the wedge member 4, and the wedge member 4 is on the opening 21 side (+ Z direction) of the drilling hole 2. And the four movable members 5 are radially spread around the wedge part 43. As a result, the movable member 5 presses the inner wall surface 22 of the hole 2 in four directions and crushes the periphery of the hole 2.

  As described above, in the third embodiment, not only the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained, but also the pressing direction of the movable member 5 against the inner wall surface of the drilling hole 2 becomes four directions, and the periphery of the drilling hole 2 Can be crushed more finely than in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications other than those described above can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the said 1st Embodiment thru | or 3rd Embodiment, as the crushing force generation | occurrence | production member 3, explosives, for example, Kayasoft, Kayamite, No. 3 paulownia dynamite (these are the brand names made by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), a salt oil explosive (AN -FO explosives) or the like is used, but a bedrock / concrete crusher (“SLB” manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) set to suppress noise and vibration generated during crushing may be used. Moreover, you may use non-explosive crushing agents, such as Ganzaizer (trademark) and Direx (brand name of Nikko Engineering Co., Ltd.) instead of these. Further, a discharge impact crushing device (registration number: KK-050047-A of the new technology information providing system “NETIS” of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) may be used for crushing using the impact force generated by the discharge. In this discharge impact crushing device, the discharge cartridge functions as a crushing force generating member, and electric energy is supplied to the discharge cartridge via the conductor 7 to release the impact force as crushing force.

  In addition, static crushing materials such as S Mite (trade name of Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.), Blister (trade name of Taiheiyo Material Co., Ltd.) and HP Rocktone (trade name of Kawai Lime Industry Co., Ltd.) are used in the present invention. It may be used as a “crushing force generating member”. However, when the static crushed material is used, the wiring of the conducting wire 7 is not necessary, and the expansion force (crushing force) generated from the static crushed material leaks since it expands from the time when it is disposed in the drilling hole 2. In order to prevent this, it is desirable to use the wedge member 4 in which the guide hole 41 is closed or the guide hole 41 is not provided. In order to prevent leakage, a sheet-like member such as a rubber sheet or a cushion sheet having an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the hole 2 may be disposed between the crushing force generating member 3 and the wedge member 4. .

  In the first to third embodiments, the crushing process is performed by inserting one set of crushing force generating member 3, wedge member 4 and movable member 5 into one drilling hole 2. A plurality of sets, for example, two sets of crushing force generating member 3, wedge member 4 and movable member 5 as shown in FIG. In this case, the crushing force generating member 3 may be ignited at the same time, or the crushing process may be performed by igniting at a different timing. Moreover, you may make the explosive force of each crushing force generation member 3 mutually differ. Moreover, all the some crushing force generation | occurrence | production members 3 may be comprised with the same kind, and you may use them, and may use it combining a mutually different kind.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the movable member 5 is moved to the direction orthogonal to the formation direction (Z direction) of the hole 2 and the inner wall surface 22 of the hole 2 is pressed, a pressing direction is limited to this. For example, it may be set in a direction that forms an acute angle with the hole forming direction and faces the surface of the object 1 to be crushed.

  In addition, the surface 52 of the movable member 5 that comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the drilling hole 2 is finished to be a curved surface. However, it is also possible to provide a protrusion on the surface 52 and concentrate the pressing force on the protrusion. Good.

  Further, the number of the movable members 5 is not limited to one (second embodiment), two (first embodiment), and four (third embodiment), and is arbitrary.

  Furthermore, when performing the crushing process, it is more preferable to lay a sheet such as an explosion-proof sheet on the surface of the object to be crushed 1 so as to cover the opening 21 of the hole 2.

  The present invention can be applied to all crushing methods for crushing objects to be crushed such as ground, concrete structures and rocks.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Object to be crushed 2 ... Drilling hole 3 ... Crushing force generating member 4 ... Wedge member 5 ... Movable member 6 ... Filling member 7 ... Conductor 21 ... Opening 22 ... Inner wall surface 41 ... Guide hole 44 ... Inclined surface 51 ... Sliding surface

Claims (5)

A first step of forming a hole in the object to be crushed, such as bedrock, concrete structure or rock;
A crushing force generating member for generating a crushing force for crushing the periphery of the hole, a wedge member, and a movable member are inserted into the hole in this order, and the wedge member is positioned close to the crushing force generating member. And a second step of slidably disposing the movable member with respect to the inclined surface formed on the wedge member;
The crushing force is generated by the crushing force generating member in the drilling hole, and the wedge member is moved to the opening side of the drilling hole by the crushing force to press the movable member against the inner wall surface of the drilling hole. A crushing method comprising a third step of crushing the material to be crushed. The crushing method according to claim 1,
The crushing method, wherein the second step includes a step of sealing the hole by inserting a filling member into the hole after the crushing force generating member, the wedge member, and the movable member are arranged. The crushing method according to claim 1 or 2,
A crushing method using an explosive, a non-explosive crushing agent or a discharge impact generating member as the crushing force generating member. The crushing method according to claim 3,
The second step includes a step of inserting a conducting wire for operating the crushing force generating member through a guide hole provided in the wedge member and connecting to the crushing force generating member,
Said 3rd process is a crushing method which is a process of operating the said crushing force generation | occurrence | production member via the said conducting wire. The crushing method according to claim 1 or 2,
The crushing method wherein the crushing force generating member is a static crushing agent.

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