JP3111533U - Vacuum carbonization furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

A vacuum carbonization furnace capable of homogeneous mass production of high purity and high quality carbides is provided.
A vacuum carbonization furnace α includes a furnace main body αa capable of creating a sealed atmosphere with one end openable and openable at the other end and a closed end, and a furnace main body αa containing a plurality of carbide raw materials B. The exhaust pipe 3 for evacuation, the vacuum gauges 4 and 5 for detecting the degree of vacuum in the furnace body αa, the temperature sensor 14 for detecting the temperature in the furnace body αa, and the temperature for carbonizing the raw material B to the carbide, The oil burner 12 that uniformly heats the inside of the furnace main body αa by being controlled based on the detection value of the sensor 14 and the one outer port end 11a are exposed through the closed end side outside the furnace main body αa to expose the oil burner 12. And the other outer end 11b is exposed through the closed end outside the furnace main body αa and connected to the chimney 13, and the tube is turned up at the arcuate portion 11c on the open end side of the furnace main body αa. Shaped stainless steel pipe 11; Comprising.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a vacuum carbonization furnace used for carbide production, and in particular, to a vacuum carbonization furnace capable of homogeneously mass-producing high-purity and high-quality carbide regardless of the type.

  Conventionally, a charcoal kiln has been used to generate charcoal such as charcoal (including oak charcoal, hereinafter the same), coconut shell charcoal, bamboo charcoal, and the like.

  However, in a charcoal-fired kiln, since it is almost impossible to finely adjust the temperature inside, temperature unevenness is inevitable, and carbides are generated in a state where impurities such as dust float in the kiln. Only low-quality carbides with poor purity can be obtained, which is not suitable for homogeneous mass production of high-purity and high-quality carbides.

  In addition, since fine temperature control in the charcoal kiln is almost impossible, when producing different types of carbides, each requires a dedicated charcoal kiln, which is expensive and extremely uneconomical. It is.

Here, the main objects to be solved by the present invention are as follows.
That is, the first object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum carbonization furnace capable of producing a high-purity carbide.

  The second object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum carbonization furnace capable of producing a high-quality carbide in a homogeneous and mass production manner.

  The third object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum carbonization furnace which can be used for the production of carbides which can freely control the heating temperature and achieve a heating temperature of about 1,000 ° C.

  Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the specification and drawings, particularly from the description of each claim of the utility model registration claim.

  In the vacuum carbonization furnace according to the present invention, characteristic constitution means is adopted in which after the plurality of carbide raw materials are accommodated, the evacuated furnace body is uniformly heated to a target temperature value.

  More specifically, in order to solve the problem, the present invention achieves the above-mentioned object by adopting a new characteristic configuration means ranging from the superordinate concept listed below to the subordinate concept. .

  That is, the first feature of the vacuum carbonization furnace of the present invention is that a furnace body that can be created in a sealed atmosphere with one end being an openable end and the other end being a closed end, and the furnace body that contains a plurality of carbide raw materials. In order to carbonize the raw material into the carbide, an exhaust pipe for evacuation inside, a vacuum degree detecting means for detecting the degree of vacuum in the furnace body, a temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature in the furnace body, The vacuum carbonization furnace is configured to include heating means for uniformly heating the inside of the furnace body by being controlled based on the detection value of the temperature detection means.

  The second feature of the vacuum carbonization furnace of the present invention is that the heating means in the first feature of the vacuum carbonization furnace of the present invention has both ends exposed through the closed end outside the furnace body and both sides in the furnace body. The pipe extending relatively parallel along the longitudinal horizontal direction is bent up at the opening end side of the furnace body as an arcuate part along the inner wall of the furnace body, and the outer end of the one end of the pipe is bent. The hot air supplied from the heat source is circulated in the furnace body while radiating heat to the surroundings, and a hot air flow path is formed that exhausts outside the furnace body through the outer end of the other end of the pipe. The construction of the vacuum carbonization furnace is adopted.

  A third feature of the vacuum carbonization furnace of the present invention is that the furnace body in the first or second feature of the present invention vacuum carbonization furnace supplies the supplied cooling gas to the furnace at a timing shortly after the carbide generation. The configuration of the vacuum carbonization furnace further includes cooling gas injection means for uniformly injecting the inside of the main body.

  A fourth feature of the vacuum carbonization furnace according to the present invention resides in a configuration of a vacuum carbonization furnace in which the cooling gas in the third feature of the vacuum carbonization furnace of the present invention is a cooled nitrogen gas.

  The fifth feature of the vacuum carbonization furnace according to the present invention is that the furnace body in the third or fourth feature of the present invention vacuum carbonization furnace is introduced from outside air before the cooling gas is injected by the cooling gas injection means. The present invention employs a vacuum carbonization furnace having air injection means for uniformly injecting air into the furnace body.

  A sixth feature of the vacuum carbonization furnace according to the present invention resides in a configuration of a vacuum carbonization furnace in which the cooling gas injection means and the air injection means in the fifth feature of the vacuum carbonization furnace of the present invention are both inexpensive. .

  According to the present invention, since the inside of the furnace body containing a plurality of carbide raw materials is evacuated based on the detection value of the vacuum degree detection means, impurities such as dust are removed therefrom, so that the impurity content is extremely high. Low-purity carbides can be produced.

  Further, according to the present invention, in order to uniformly heat the inside of the furnace body containing a plurality of carbide raw materials based on the detection value of the temperature detection means, to the corners in the furnace body without causing temperature unevenness, Since the heat necessary for carbide generation is sufficiently distributed, it is possible to produce a high-quality carbide that is sufficiently and surely carbonized to the depth and mass production.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, the inside of the furnace body can be uniformly heated to various target temperature values based on the detected value of the temperature detecting means, so that only one vacuum carbonization furnace according to the present invention can be used from the same raw material. It is possible to produce carbides of different quality and is very economical.

  Here, if the vacuum carbonization furnace according to the present invention is further provided with cooling gas injection means for uniformly injecting the supplied cooling gas in the furnace body at a timing shortly after the generation of carbide, Compared with the case where a kiln is used, the time required to lower the temperature of the carbide soon after generation to room temperature can be greatly reduced. For example, in particular, when used for the production of bamboo white charcoal, in addition to such advantages, it is also possible to activate (activate) the bamboo white coal that has already been produced to obtain activated bamboo charcoal.

  Moreover, if the vacuum carbonization furnace according to the present invention is provided with air injection means for evenly injecting air taken from outside air in the furnace body before injection of the cooling gas by the cooling gas injection means, Since the raw material heated under vacuum up to the maximum heating limit value of the heating means in the furnace body is ignited by exposure to air evenly injected from the air injection means, the furnace body temperature is set to the highest temperature of the heating means. It is possible to raise the temperature to a temperature value equal to or higher than the heating limit value, and it is expected to be effective for the production of a carbide having a very high carbonization temperature (for example, bamboo white coal).

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings with examples of vacuum carbonization furnaces.
Here, FIG. 1A is a schematic configuration diagram of a vacuum carbonization furnace α as an example of the present embodiment, FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a clutch furnace lid of the vacuum carbonization furnace α, and FIG. A simplified sectional view taken along line II of the carbonization furnace α and (d) are partially enlarged views of the injection thin tube of the vacuum carbonization furnace α.

  The vacuum carbonization furnace (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “carbonization furnace”) α shown in FIG. 1 includes a drawing work vehicle 1 with wheels 1 a that can be carried into and out of the interior. This drawing work vehicle 1 is normally placed and fixed on a carriage A placed outside the furnace main body αa before the start of carbide generation by the carbonization furnace α, and at least until just before the start of carbide generation, the raw material of the carbide After loading a plurality of B, they are loaded and fixed at a predetermined position (shown by a two-dot chain line) in the carbonization furnace α. It should be noted that the example of loading the raw material B on the drawing work vehicle 1 shown in the figure is a simple illustrated example, and a plurality of raw materials B are loaded so as not to hinder the loading / unloading of the drawing work vehicle 1 into the carbonization furnace α. Needless to say, the vehicle is loaded on the drawing work vehicle 1.

  In order to raise the heat insulating property in the carbonization furnace α, the stainless steel layer 2a, the fine ceramic layer 2b as a heat insulating layer, and the stainless steel layer or the steel layer 2c are laminated on the furnace wall 2 in this order from the inside except the inner bottom portion. A three-layer structure is adopted. Note that the structure adopted for the furnace wall 2 in order to increase the heat insulating property in the carbonization furnace α is not limited to such a three-layer structure, and includes a plurality of heat insulating layers made of a heat insulating material such as fine ceramics. What is necessary is just a multilayer structure in which layers are stacked.

  An exhaust pipe 3 for evacuating the furnace body αa is provided through the furnace wall 2 of the carbonization furnace α, and the outer end of the exhaust pipe 3 (exposed to the right in the drawing from the furnace body αa) is carbonized. While connected to the vacuum pump C placed outside the furnace α, foreign matter having a predetermined particle size or more (for example, fine powder of the same carbide remaining after the formation of carbide) is sucked into the vacuum pump C at the inner end. The filter member 21 for preventing it from being attached is attached. The vacuum pump C is controlled based on the detected values of two vacuum gauges 4 and 5 (one or more are sufficient) installed in the carbonization furnace α as a vacuum degree detection means, so that the inside of the furnace main body αa Is reduced and maintained at the vacuum level of the target pressure value.

  The carbonization furnace α includes a clutch furnace lid 6 that can be opened and closed in the vertical direction on the paper surface. The clutch furnace lid 6 is supported by the furnace lid opening / closing support mechanism 7 so that the clutch furnace lid 6 can be opened and closed. However, it is controlled manually. Only when the clutch furnace lid 6 is opened can the take-out work vehicle 1 be carried into and out of the carbonization furnace α. In this embodiment, in order to further improve the airtightness and sealing performance in the carbonization furnace α in which the clutch furnace lid 6 is closed, and to prevent the closed clutch furnace lid 6 from being opened to the overflow, 2, the driving force of the hydraulic motor 8 installed outside is transmitted to the hydraulic rotary clutch ring 10 via the hydraulic cylinder 9, thereby rotating the hydraulic rotary clutch ring 10 by a predetermined angle in a predetermined direction to open the furnace wall 2 A mechanism that tightly closes the end is adopted.

  In the carbonization furnace α, there is a tube-shaped stainless steel pipe (hereinafter also referred to as “SUS pipe”) 11 that is raised to the arcuate portion 11c on the opening end side of the furnace wall 2 and bent back. It is installed on the inner surface of the furnace wall 2 so as to extend in parallel with each other in the left-right direction of the paper surface (that is, the longitudinal horizontal direction on both sides in the furnace main body αa). It is mouth end 11a, 11b. The outer end 11a of the SUS pipe 11 is connected to an oil burner 12 as a heat source, while the outer end 11b is connected to a chimney 13 (shown by a two-dot chain line) extending in the upward direction on the paper surface. This oil burner 12 is controlled based on a detection value of a temperature sensor 14 (for example, composed of a thermocouple) installed on the furnace wall 2 of the carbonization furnace α (or in the furnace main body αa) as temperature detection means. The inside of the carbonization furnace α is heated and maintained at the target temperature.

  Further, the carbonization furnace α has a nitrogen gas introduction pipe 15 to which cooled nitrogen gas is supplied from a nitrogen cylinder (not shown) installed outside thereof, and air that can take in air from outside air around the furnace body αa. And an introduction pipe 16.

  The nitrogen gas introduction pipe 15 is an arc or horseshoe-shaped pipe along the inner surface of the furnace wall 2, the top portion of which communicates with the outer opening end 15 a exposed from the carbonization furnace α and the lower ends on both sides become the closed ends 15 b. A nitrogen gas introduction / stop switching valve 17 is attached to the outer end 15 a of the nitrogen gas introduction pipe 15. The air introduction pipe 16 is also an arc or horseshoe-shaped pipe along the inner surface of the furnace wall 2, the top portion of which communicates with the outer port end 16 a exposed from the carbonization furnace α and the lower ends on both sides become the closed ends 16 b. A valve 18 for air introduction / stop switching is attached to the outer end 16 a of the air introduction pipe 16.

  The pipes 15 and 16 are connected to each other by a plurality of injection thin tubes 19, and both the tubes 15 and 16 communicate with each other. The injection thin tubes 19 have injection openings 19 a and 19 for injection of nitrogen gas and air. 19b, 19c,... Are equally spaced with respect to the longitudinal direction. In short, in the present embodiment, the cooling gas injection means is composed of the nitrogen gas introduction pipe 15, the valve 17, and the injection thin tube 19, and the air injection means is the air introduction pipe 16, the valve 18, and the injection. It is composed of a thin tube 19 and is inexpensive. In addition, in each of the case of nitrogen gas injection and the case of air injection, the nitrogen gas introduction pipe 15, the air introduction pipe 16, and the injection thin pipe 19 are selectively used without being inexpensive as in this embodiment. And the injection thin tubes 19 may be arranged and combined.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, an example of using the carbonization furnace α for producing bamboo charcoal, which is an example of a carbide, particularly bamboo black charcoal and bamboo white charcoal, will be described. Here, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a processing procedure when bamboo charcoal is generated using the carbonization furnace α, while FIG. 3 is a processing procedure when bamboo white coal is generated using the carbonization furnace α. It is a figure which shows an example.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, first, a sufficiently dried raw material (bamboo) B is packed into a carbonizing furnace α (ST1). This clogging is performed in detail by the following work procedure. (1) The raw material (bamboo) B is loaded on the drawing work vehicle 1 placed and fixed on the carriage A outside the carbonization furnace α. (2) Since the wheel 1a of the drawing work vehicle 1 is at the same level as the drawing work vehicle storage floor 20 of the carbonization furnace α, the drawing work vehicle 1 is moved from the stop position on the carriage A into the carbonization furnace α. Move and fix to a predetermined position (two-dot chain line shown).

  Next, the inside of the carbonizing furnace α is evacuated by the vacuum pump C (ST2). This evacuation is performed in detail by the following work procedure. That is, (1) The valve 17 equipped with the nitrogen gas introduction pipe 15 and the valve 18 equipped with the air introduction pipe 16 are manually tightened, or it is confirmed that the valves 17 and 18 are respectively tightened. (2) The clutch furnace lid 6 supported by the furnace lid opening / closing support mechanism 7 so as to be opened and closed is manually closed. (3) In order to prepare for evacuation in the carbonizing furnace α, the driving force of the hydraulic motor 8 is transmitted to the hydraulic rotary clutch ring 10 via the hydraulic cylinder 9 so that the hydraulic rotary clutch ring 10 is predetermined in a predetermined direction. Rotate the corner and close tightly to the open end of the furnace wall 2. By doing so, a slight gap or the like existing between the furnace wall 2 and the hydraulic rotary clutch ring 10 is eliminated, so that the airtightness / sealing property in the carbonization furnace α is further increased and it does not open to the flood. To do. (4) The vacuum pump C is operated to depressurize the carbonization furnace α until the detected values of the vacuum gauges 4 and 5 are reduced to the target pressure value.

  By this evacuation (ST2), most of impurities such as dust are removed from the inside of the carbonization furnace α, so that it is possible for the first time to produce high-purity bamboo black charcoal or bamboo white charcoal with a very low impurity content.

  Next, in the case of the production of bamboo black charcoal, as shown in FIG. 2, until the detected value of the temperature sensor 14 reaches a temperature value of about 700 ° C. immediately before the maximum heating limit value of about 800 ° C. under vacuum of the carbonization furnace α, The burner 12 is operated to heat the inside of the carbonizing furnace α (ST3). During this time, the hot air blown into the SUS pipe 11 from the oil burner 12 through the outer port end 11a radiates heat to the surroundings while flowing in the pipe 11 toward the outer port end 11b, so that the raw material (bamboo) B The temperature inside the carbonizing furnace α is uniformly raised to a temperature value of about 700 ° C. at which the black carbonizes, and heat necessary for producing bamboo black coal is sufficiently distributed to every corner of the furnace body αa without causing temperature unevenness. For this reason, the raw material (bamboo) B is sufficiently carbonized up to its fiber quality with certainty (ST4).

  Next, when all of the raw material (bamboo) B packed in the carbonization furnace α is completely black carbonized, the heating of ST3 is terminated at that time, and the valve 17 is loosened at an appropriate time thereafter in the nitrogen gas introduction pipe 15. Is introduced into the carbonization furnace α by uniformly injecting nitrogen gas from the injection ports 19a, 19b, 19c,... Cool (ST5). By doing in this way, the time required for lowering the temperature of bamboo black charcoal shortly after generation to room temperature will be much shorter than when using a charcoal kiln. The same applies to the case of bamboo white charcoal generation described below.

  On the other hand, in the case of bamboo white charcoal generation, as shown in FIG. 3, the oil burner 12 is operated until the detected value of the temperature sensor 14 reaches the maximum heating limit value of about 800 ° C. under vacuum of the carbonizing furnace α. The inside of α is heated (ST3 ′).

  Here, since the heating temperature value required for white carbonization of the raw material (bamboo) B is about 1,000 ° C., bamboo white charcoal cannot be obtained only by heating ST3 ′. Therefore, when all the raw materials (bamboo) B packed in the carbonization furnace α are completely black carbonized, by temporarily loosening the valve 18 and temporarily introducing air into the air introduction pipe 16, The air is uniformly injected from the injection ports 19a, 19b, 19c,... Of each injection thin tube 19 to follow and heat the inside of the carbonization furnace α (ST3 ″). When the carbonized raw material (bamboo) B is exposed to air and ignites, the temperature of the raw material (bamboo) B is white carbonized up to about 1,000 ° C., and the temperature inside the carbonizing furnace α is uniformly increased. Since the heat required for the production of bamboo white coal is sufficiently distributed to every corner of the furnace body αa without causing temperature unevenness (ST4), all of these black carbonized raw materials (bamboo) B are The carbonization is sufficiently and surely white carbonized, and the heating of ST3 ′ is finished. End.

  Further, when the inside of the carbonization furnace α is sufficiently leveled and all the raw material (bamboo) B packed therein is completely white carbonized, after the valve 18 is closed and the introduction of air into the air introduction pipe 16 is stopped, At an appropriate time, the valve 17 is loosened and nitrogen gas is introduced into the nitrogen gas introduction pipe 15, whereby nitrogen gas is evenly injected from the injection ports 19a, 19b, 19c,. The inside of the main body αa is cooled (ST5). At this time, the bamboo white coal already generated in the carbonization furnace α is activated (activated) by being exposed to nitrogen gas to become activated bamboo charcoal.

  As described above, in the case of bamboo black charcoal generation, each processing procedure illustrated in FIG. 2 is sequentially performed, whereas in the case of bamboo white charcoal generation, each processing procedure illustrated in FIG. 3 is sequentially performed. This makes it possible for the first time to produce high-quality bamboo black charcoal and bamboo white charcoal that have been sufficiently and reliably carbonized or white carbonized up to the fiber using only a single device (carbonization furnace α).

  And in any case of bamboo black charcoal production and bamboo white charcoal production, when the inside of the carbonization furnace α is sufficiently cooled, the plurality of produced bamboo black charcoal or bamboo white charcoal are taken out from the furnace main body αa together with the drawing work vehicle 1. In this case, when the production of bamboo black charcoal or bamboo white charcoal is finished, product inspection, safe storage, or the like may be performed. On the other hand, when shifting to new bamboo black charcoal production or bamboo white charcoal production, each processing procedure illustrated in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 is sequentially performed again. By doing in this way, it becomes possible for the first time to mass-produce high quality bamboo black charcoal and bamboo white charcoal that have been sufficiently and surely black carbonized or white carbonized up to fiber quality.

  Since the carbonization furnace α having the above-described configuration is different from the existing charcoal baking kiln, most of the smoke filled in the interior is used for black carbonization or white carbonization of bamboo without leaking to the outside. Although not suitable for liquid collection, it is not necessary to consider measures to prevent air pollution.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not necessarily limited to the above-described means and usage examples, and may be appropriately modified within the scope of achieving the above-described effects. Is possible. For example, if wood (including oak), coconut husk, etc. are used as the raw material B instead of bamboo, high-purity and high-quality charcoal, coconut husk charcoal, etc. can be mass-produced in a homogeneous manner, which is not possible conventionally When mass-producing both charcoal and coconut husk charcoal, one carbonization furnace α is sufficient, which is extremely economical. It is also widely used for firing any carbide.

  It is used for mass production of all kinds of carbides with high purity, high quality and homogeneous. In particular, the use of bamboo black charcoal and bamboo white charcoal, which has attracted attention in recent years due to their unique high functionality, is optimal.

(A) is a schematic block diagram of a vacuum carbonization furnace as an example of an embodiment of the present invention, (b) is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a clutch furnace lid of the vacuum carbonization furnace, and (c) is an I- I-line view simplified sectional view and (d) are partially enlarged views of injection thin tubes of the same vacuum carbonization furnace. It is a figure which shows the example of a process sequence in the case of producing | generating bamboo black charcoal using the vacuum carbonization furnace shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of a process sequence in the case of producing | generating bamboo white charcoal using the vacuum carbonization furnace shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

α ... vacuum carbonization furnace αa ... furnace body A ... cart B ... raw material C ... vacuum pump 1 ... drawing work vehicle 1a ... wheel 2 ... furnace wall 2a ... Stainless steel layer 2b ... Fine ceramics layer 2c ... Stainless steel layer or steel layer 3 ... Exhaust pipe 4, 5 ... Vacuum gauge 6 ... Clutch furnace lid 7 ... Furnace lid opening / closing support mechanism 8 ... Hydraulic motor 9 ... Hydraulic cylinder 10 ... Hydraulic rotary clutch ring 11 ... Stainless steel pipe 11a, 11b, 15a, 16a ... Outlet end 11c ... Arc portion 12 ... Oil burner 13 ... Chimney 14 ... Temperature sensor 15 ... Nitrogen gas introduction pipe 16 ... Air introduction pipe 15b, 16b ... Closed end 17, 18 ... Valve 19 ... Injection capillary 19a, 19b, 19c ... injection port 20 ... Drawer work vehicle storage floor 21 ... Filter member

Claims (6)

A furnace body capable of creating an internal sealed atmosphere with one end as an openable open end and the other as a closed end;
An exhaust pipe for evacuation in the furnace body containing a plurality of carbide raw materials;
A degree of vacuum detection means for detecting the degree of vacuum in the furnace body;
Temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature in the furnace body;
In order to carbonize the raw material into the carbide, heating means for uniformly heating the inside of the furnace body by being controlled based on the detection value of the temperature detection means,
Comprising
A vacuum carbonization furnace characterized by that. The heating means includes
Both ends of the pipe that is exposed through the closed end outside the furnace body and extends in parallel with each other along the longitudinal horizontal direction on both sides of the furnace body, the folded portion on the opening end side of the furnace body is the inner wall of the furnace body. While turning up as an arcuate part along
Hot air supplied from a heat source through the outer end of one end of the pipe is radiated to the surroundings while circulating in the furnace body, and is exhausted out of the furnace body through the outer end of the other end of the pipe Forming a flow path,
The vacuum carbonization furnace according to claim 1. The furnace body is
Cooling gas injection means for evenly injecting the supplied cooling gas in the furnace body at a timing shortly after the carbide generation,
In addition,
The vacuum carbonization furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that. The cooling gas is
Cooled nitrogen gas,
The vacuum carbonization furnace according to claim 3. The furnace body is
An air injection means for evenly injecting air taken from outside air in the furnace body before the cooling gas injection by the cooling gas injection means;
In addition,
The vacuum carbonization furnace according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that. The cooling gas injection means and the air injection means are
Both are inexpensive,
The vacuum carbonization furnace according to claim 5.

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