JP3111203B2 - Plants belonging to new Stevia varieties - Google Patents

Plants belonging to new Stevia varieties

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Publication number
JP3111203B2
JP3111203B2 JP62330559A JP33055987A JP3111203B2 JP 3111203 B2 JP3111203 B2 JP 3111203B2 JP 62330559 A JP62330559 A JP 62330559A JP 33055987 A JP33055987 A JP 33055987A JP 3111203 B2 JP3111203 B2 JP 3111203B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
rebaudioside
stevia
stevioside
cuttings
content
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JPS63173531A (en
Inventor
善平 清久
豊重 守田
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中里 隆憲
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 この発明は、甘味成分の含有率を改善したステビアに
属する植物に関するものである。ステビアは、南米のパ
ラグアイを原産地とするきく科多年性植物で、学名はス
テビア・レバウディアナ・ベルトニ(Stevia Rebaudian
a Bertoni)である。ステビアは、砂糖の300倍以上の甘
味をもつ甘味成分を含むので、この甘味成分を抽出して
天然甘味料として用いるために栽培されている。 ステビアの甘味成分としては、下記構造式を有するス
テビオサイド(分子量804)および下記構造式を有するレバウディオサイドA(分子
量966) ならびにレバウディオサイドC、D、E、ズルコサイド
A等が知られている。これらのうち、主成分はステビオ
サイドで、レバウディオサイドAの含量はステビオサイ
ドの10分の3程度であり、品種によってはレバウディオ
サイドA、C等を含まないものもある。 ステビオサイドは、砂糖の300倍の甘味度を有するの
で、天然甘味量として食品工業界で用いられている。そ
の甘味は、比較的砂糖に似ているが、苦味等の不快味が
後味に残るという欠点がある。これに対して、レバウデ
ィオサイドAはステビオサイドの1.3ないし1.5倍の甘味
度を有し、その甘味は、砂糖に類似してまろやかで、不
快味を残さない。ところが、レバウディオサイドAはス
テビア中に含まれる量が少ないため、これを抽出分離し
て単独で工業的に利用することは困難であった。 この発明者は、レバウディオサイドAの含量が高いス
テビア植物を創り出そうと企てた。そして、鋭意研究の
結果、遅くとも定植6ヵ月後に、乾燥葉中ステビオサイ
ドに対しレバウディオサイドAを2.22ないし2.55倍含有
するステビアに属する植物の育成に成功し、しかもその
含有率は、越冬、株分け、挿木等により繁殖しても変わ
らないことを確認して、この発明を完成した。 すなわち、この発明は、遅くとも定植6カ月後に、乾
燥葉に含まれる甘味成分として、6.0%以上のレバウデ
ィオサイドAおよび2.7%以下のステビオサイドを含
み、かつ、ステビオサイドに対しレバウディオサイドA
を2.22ないし2.55倍含有するステビアに属する植物であ
る。遅くとも定植6カ月後とは、春に挿木により増殖さ
せ、収穫時期である秋頃までにの意味である。 甘味料においては、特に甘味質が重要であり、このう
ち甘味質が優れているのはレバウディオサイドAであ
り、ステビオサイドは劣ることが周知である。したがっ
て、ステビア抽出液から得られる甘味物質を甘味料とし
て用いる際、これらの相対的比率が重要であり、ステビ
オサイドに対してレバウディオサイドAの比率が高いも
のは味がよく、低いものは味が悪い。ところが、ステビ
ア成分から甘味成分を分離しようとすると、ステビオサ
イドの方がレバウディオサイドAより結晶化しやすく、
再結晶により結晶をとると、常にステビオサイドが主体
をなすことになる。一方、母液にはレバウディオサイド
Cなど他の甘味質を低下させる成分が含まれており、ス
テビオサイドの代わりにこれらの比率が高くなってくる
ので、やはり味が悪くなる。特開昭57−86264号はレバ
ウディオサイドAの単離法を記載しているが、レバウデ
ィオサイドAを単離するには高価な溶媒、加熱抽出、熱
時濾過、危険な蒸留などの操作を必要とし、試薬コス
ト、繁雑な作業が加わるので、工業的生産には適しな
い。これらの事情を考慮すると、抽出液において既にレ
バウディオサイドAの比率が高くなっていることが望ま
しい。すなわち、含有量ではなく含有比率が問題にな
る。本発明はステビオサイドとレバウディオサイドAの
含有比を高くしたステビア植物を提供するものであり、
これは工業生産に安全かつ容易に利用可能な抽出工程の
みで良質の甘味料を安価に得ることを可能にする。この
ことは甘味料の質を優れたものにするとともに、経済的
な面で、単価の安い砂糖との市場競争を可能にするもの
である。 この発明に係るステビアの育種過程を述べると次の通
りである。 昭和54年10〜12月に、レバウディオサイドAの含量が
ステビオサイドの10分の6のステビア在来品A(昭和4
7、8年頃パラグアイから輸入したステビアの乾燥葉に
混入していた種子を栽培したもの)を岡山県新見市足見
の守田化学工業株式会社新見工場内のビニールハウス内
で人為的に交配し、得られた種子を昭和55年3月初旬に
同所の育苗ビニールハウスに播種し、同年5月上旬に、
発芽成育した苗をほ場に移植し、そのうち生長がよく、
分枝し葉形の大きな苗を選択し、同年8月から甘味成分
含有率を調査し、ステビオサイドに対しレバウディオサ
イドAを1:1以上含有する苗(複数)を選択し、AF1とし
た。AおよびAF1の特性を下表に示す。なお、以下の表
中STはステビオサイド、RAはレバウディオサイドAを示
す。含有量は乾燥葉中の含有量%で示す。 AF1を挿木で増殖し、同年10〜12月にビニールハウス
内で人為的に交配し(受精させるべき花のうえに他の花
を対向して重ね合せ、振動させることにより受粉を行
う。なお、ステビアは自家不和合性が強いので、別々の
種子の株からの挿木の花どうしを受粉させる)、得られ
た種子を昭和56年2月に育苗ビニールハウス内に播種
し、同年4月下旬にほ場に移植(定植)し、同年6月上
旬から甘味成分含有率を調査し、ステビオサイドに対し
レバウディオサイドAを1:1.50以上含有する苗を選択
し、AF2とした。その全体の写真および1枚の葉の写真
をそれぞれ第4および5図として示す。AF2の特性は次
の通りである。 AF2を挿木により増殖し、越冬させ、越冬株(AF2−越
冬)を挿木により増殖し(挿木区=AF2−挿木)、さら
に越冬株を株分けにより増殖させた(株分区=AF2−株
分)。なお、収穫のための挿木は通常3〜4月頃に挿木
床に挿し、4月下旬頃にほ場に移植(定植)する。昭和
57年5月から1箇月毎にAF2−越冬、AF2−挿木およびAF
2−株分について、甘味成分含有率を調査した。その結
果、下表に示すように、何れも含有率がAF2−越冬株と
かわらないことがわかった。なお、下表は、各区100本
づつの平均値を示す。 上記の表からわかるように、AF2−挿木は定植約4ヵ
月後の8月になって、それぞれ、RAがSTの2.22倍にな
り、定植後少なくとも6ヵ月後にRAがSTの2.22倍含有す
るとの本発明のステビアの要件を充たしている。なお、
親株(AF2)はもちろん、AF2−越冬およびAF2−株分は
定植後6ヵ月をすでに前年に経過しているので本発明の
ステビアには含まれないことになる。 次に、AF2−挿木とほぼ同じ含有比率を示すAF2−越冬
の乾燥葉(ステビオサイド2.6%、レバウディオサイドA
6.2%、同C0.7%含有)から抽出した甘味成分と、鹿児
島県曽於郡志布志町産のステビア(ステビオサイド7.5
%、レバウディオサイドA2.3%、同C0.8%含有)から抽
出した甘味成分の甘味度および甘味質を試験した。 試験方法:乾燥葉各20gを秤取し、20倍量の温水で甘
味が感じられなくなるまでくり返し抽出し、抽出液を合
わせて無極性多孔質樹脂(アンバーライトXAD−2)100
mlを充填したカラムに通して甘味成分を吸着させ、水洗
後、メタノールで溶離する。溶離液を濃縮し、減圧乾燥
して粉末化する。粉末を0.4%水溶液とし、10名のパネ
ラーによりテストし、次の結果を得た。なお、SSは志布
志町産ステビア、数字は人数を示す。 上記の結果から、この発明のAF2−越冬の甘味成分
が、甘味度および甘味質において従来のものよりすぐれ
ていることがわかった。 さらに、A、AF1、AF2−越冬の甘味成分を薄層クロマ
トグラフィーにより分析したところ、第1〜3図に示す
結果を得た。 分析方法:乾燥葉各20gを精秤し、20倍量の温水で甘
味がなくなるまで抽出し、抽出液を無極性多孔質樹脂
(アンバーライトXAD−2)100mlを充填したカラムに通
し、水洗後メタノール300mlで溶離し、溶離液を濃縮
し、100mlとして測定試料とし、下記条件で測定する。 使用機種:島津クロマトスキャナ910型 TLCプレート:メルク社シリカゲルプレート60F254 展開溶液:クロロホルム:メタノール:水=30:20:4 発色剤:50%硫酸 測定波長:350nm(反射ジグザグスキャニング法) スキャンスピード:20mm/分 第1図〜3図から、先に述べたA、AF1およびAF2−越
冬の甘味成分含有率が確認された。 本発明のAF2−挿木の栽培上の注意点等は次の通りで
ある。 AF2は、3〜4月に萌芽した新芽の4〜5節部を挿木
苗として取り、下部の葉を1節程度取った後、保水性の
よい土(例えば鹿沼土、川砂またはその混合物)に挿木
し、約1週間日覆する。寒冷地では、挿木床の温度を15
〜25℃に保つように加温する。挿木後2〜3週間で発根
するので、発根を確認した後ほ場に移植する。ほ場は、
元肥として堆肥1500Kg/10アール、化学肥料(窒素分、
燐酸分、カリ分各10Kg以上/10アール)を全層に施し、
遅霜がなくなった時点で定植する。植付密度は、10アー
ルあたり8000〜10000本程度が適当であるが、これより
増減しても支障はない。6月下旬に生育状況により追肥
を施し、また土の乾燥状態により適時灌水する。施肥量
は、甘味成分含有率には影響しないが、収穫量に及ぼす
影響が大きいので、できるだけ多肥が望ましい。 収穫は、定植後いつでも可能であるが、収穫量の多く
なる7月上〜下旬に第1回収穫を行ない、開花の始まる
9月中〜下旬に第2回収穫を行なうのが適当である。し
かし、日射時間が長く開花の遅れる地域では、開花の始
まる時期まで収穫を遅らせることができる。収穫回数
は、生育状況により増減することができる。秋の収穫
後、初霜の時期までほ場に放置し、寒冷地帯では掘り上
げてビニールハウス内に貯蔵し、越冬させる。温暖地帯
ではほ場での越冬が可能であるが、株に土寄せを施すこ
とが望ましい。防寒の目的で、稲わら、もみがら等を被
わせることは、過湿状態を招き却って越冬率を悪くす
る。越冬株は、挿木または株分けにより増殖することが
できる。 なお出願人は上記の本発明のステビアAF2−挿木を増
殖させた植物体を試験・研究のために栽培する希望者に
分譲する用意がある。
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant belonging to Stevia having an improved sweet component content. Stevia is a perennial plant that is native to Paraguay in South America and has the scientific name Stevia Rebaudian.
a Bertoni). Since stevia contains a sweet component having a sweetness 300 times or more that of sugar, stevia is cultivated to extract this sweet component and use it as a natural sweetener. Stevia has the following structural formula as a sweet component of Stevia (molecular weight: 804) And rebaudioside A having the following structural formula (molecular weight: 966) In addition, rebaudiosides C, D, E, zurcoside A and the like are known. Among them, the main component is stevioside, and the content of rebaudioside A is about three-tenths of stevioside, and some varieties do not contain rebaudioside A, C or the like. Stevioside has a sweetness 300 times that of sugar and is therefore used as a natural sweetener in the food industry. The sweetness is relatively similar to sugar, but has the disadvantage that unpleasant tastes such as bitterness remain in the aftertaste. In contrast, rebaudioside A has a sweetness 1.3 to 1.5 times that of stevioside, and its sweetness is round, similar to sugar, and does not leave any unpleasant taste. However, since the amount of rebaudioside A contained in stevia is small, it has been difficult to extract and separate this and use it alone industrially. The inventor sought to create stevia plants with a high content of rebaudioside A. As a result of intensive research, a plant belonging to Stevia containing 2.22 to 2.55 times the rebaudioside A relative to stevioside in the dried leaves was successfully grown 6 months after planting at the latest. The present invention was completed by confirming that it did not change even when bred by cuttings or the like. That is, the present invention contains 6.0% or more of rebaudioside A and 2.7% or less of stevioside as sweet components contained in the dried leaves at the latest after 6 months from the planting, and rebaudioside A is contained in the dried leaves.
Is a plant belonging to Stevia, which contains 2.22 to 2.55 times. 6 months after planting at the latest means that the plants are grown by cuttings in spring and by the autumn time when they are harvested. It is well known that sweeteners are particularly important in sweetness, of which rebaudioside A is superior and stevioside is inferior. Therefore, when a sweet substance obtained from the stevia extract is used as a sweetener, their relative ratios are important. Those with a high ratio of rebaudioside A to stevioside have a good taste, and those with a low ratio are good in taste. Is bad. However, when trying to separate the sweet component from the stevia component, stevioside is easier to crystallize than rebaudioside A,
When a crystal is formed by recrystallization, stevioside always becomes the main component. On the other hand, the mother liquor contains other components that reduce sweetness, such as rebaudioside C, and these ratios become higher in place of stevioside, so that the taste also worsens. JP-A-57-86264 describes a method for isolating rebaudioside A. To isolate rebaudioside A, an expensive solvent, heat extraction, hot filtration, dangerous distillation, etc. This is not suitable for industrial production because it requires reagent operations and complicated operations. Considering these circumstances, it is desirable that the ratio of rebaudioside A has already been increased in the extract. That is, not the content but the content ratio becomes a problem. The present invention provides a stevia plant having a high content ratio of stevioside and rebaudioside A,
This makes it possible to obtain good quality sweeteners inexpensively with only an extraction step that is safe and easily available for industrial production. This not only enhances the quality of the sweetener, but also enables the market to compete with cheaper sugars in economic terms. The breeding process of Stevia according to the present invention is as follows. In October-December 1979, Stevia conventional product A (Rebaudioside A content: 6/10 of Stevioside)
Cultivated seeds mixed in dried leaves of Stevia imported from Paraguay around 7 or 8)) artificially in a greenhouse in the Niimi Plant of Morita Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. in Ashimi, Niimi City, Okayama Prefecture The seeds obtained were sown in the nursery greenhouse at the same location in early March 1980, and in early May of the same year,
The seedlings that have germinated and grown are transplanted to the field,
From the same year, the selection of branching and large leaf-shaped seedlings was carried out, and the content of sweet components was investigated. From August, the seedlings (several) containing rebaudioside A at a ratio of 1: 1 or more to stevioside were selected, and AF 1 and did. Shows the characteristics of the A and AF 1 in the table below. In the table below, ST indicates stevioside, and RA indicates rebaudioside A. The content is indicated by the content% in the dried leaves. AF 1 is propagated on cuttings and artificially crossed in a plastic greenhouse between October and December of the same year (pollination is performed by superimposing other flowers on the flowers to be fertilized and vibrating. , Stevia has strong self-incompatibility, so it pollinates cuttings from different seed strains) and sow the seeds in a nursery greenhouse in February 1981, and in late April of the same year the transplanted (planting) in Hojo, investigated the sweetening component content from early June same year, the rebaudioside a to stevioside of 1: select the seedlings containing 1.50 or more, and the AF 2. The entire photograph and a photograph of one leaf are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively. The characteristics of AF 2 are as follows. The AF 2 grown by cuttings, by wintering, wintering strain (AF 2 - winter) were grown by cuttings (cuttings ku = AF 2 - cuttings), further wintering strains were grown by Kabuwake (strain min ku = AF 2 - Share). The cuttings for harvesting are usually inserted into the cutting floor around March to April, and transplanted (fixed planting) to the field around late April. Showa
AF 2 -wintering, AF 2 -cuttings and AF every month from May 1957
With respect to the 2 -strain, the sweet component content was examined. As a result, as shown in the following table, both content AF 2 - was found not same as overwintering strain. In addition, the following table shows the average value of 100 pieces in each section. As can be seen from the above table, AF 2 - cuttings are taken in August after about 4 months planting, respectively, RA becomes 2.22 times the ST, the RA contains 2.22 times the ST after at least 6 months after planting Of the present invention. In addition,
Not only the parent strain (AF 2 ) but also AF 2 -overwintering and AF 2 -strain are not included in the stevia of the present invention since six months after planting have already passed the previous year. Next, AF 2 - cuttings substantially AF 2 shows the same content ratio - the dried leaves (stevioside 2.6% wintering, rebaudioside A
Sweetener extracted from 6.2% and 0.7% C) and stevia (Stebioside 7.5) from Shibushi-machi, So-gun, Kagoshima
%, Rebaudioside A2.3%, and C0.8%) were tested for sweetness and sweetness. Test method: Weigh 20 g of each dried leaf, repeat extraction with 20 times the volume of hot water until sweetness is no longer felt, combine the extracts, and add non-polar porous resin (Amberlite XAD-2) 100
The sweet component is adsorbed through a column packed with ml, washed with water and eluted with methanol. The eluate is concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to a powder. The powder was made into a 0.4% aqueous solution and tested by 10 panelists, and the following results were obtained. SS is Stevia from Shibushi town, and the numbers indicate the number of people. From the above results, AF 2 of the present invention - wintering sweetening component was found to be superior to conventional in sweetness and sweetness. Further, when the sweet components of A, AF 1 and AF 2 -overwintering were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, the results shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 were obtained. Analysis method: 20 g of dried leaves were precisely weighed and extracted with 20 times the volume of hot water until the sweetness disappeared. The extract was passed through a column filled with 100 ml of non-polar porous resin (Amberlite XAD-2) and washed with water The eluate is eluted with 300 ml of methanol, and the eluate is concentrated. Model used: Shimadzu Chromatoscanner 910 TLC plate: Merck silica gel plate 60F254 Developing solution: chloroform: methanol: water = 30: 20: 4 Color former: 50% sulfuric acid Measurement wavelength: 350nm (reflection zigzag scanning method) Scan speed: 20mm / from min Figure 1 to 3 Figure, a mentioned earlier, AF 1 and AF 2 - winter sweetening component content was confirmed. AF 2 of the present invention - notes, etc. on the cultivation of cuttings is as follows. AF 2 takes 4 to 5 nodes of the shoots that germinated in March to April as cuttings, takes about 1 node of the lower leaves, and then has good water retention soil (for example, Kanuma soil, river sand or a mixture thereof). And cover it for about one week. In cold climates, the temperature of the cutting floor may be 15
Heat to keep at ~ 25 ° C. Rooting takes place 2 to 3 weeks after cutting, so after confirming rooting, transplant to field. Hoba,
Compost 1500Kg / 10 ares, chemical fertilizer (nitrogen content,
Phosphoric acid content, potassium content each 10 kg or more / 10 are) applied to all layers,
When the late frost disappears, plant the plants. A suitable planting density is about 800 to 10,000 plants per 10 ares, but there is no problem even if the planting density is increased or decreased. Top fertilizer is applied in late June according to the growing condition, and watering is performed according to the dry condition of the soil. The amount of fertilization does not affect the sweet component content, but has a large effect on the yield, so it is desirable to use as much fertilizer as possible. Harvesting can be performed at any time after planting, but it is appropriate to perform the first harvest in early to late July when the yield is large, and to perform the second harvest in mid to late September when flowering begins. However, in areas where the sunshine is long and flowering is delayed, harvest can be delayed until the flowering begins. The number of harvests can be increased or decreased depending on the growing situation. After harvesting in autumn, leave it in the field until the first frost, dig it up in cold regions, store it in a greenhouse, and let it winter. It is possible to overwinter in the field in warm regions, but it is desirable to bury the plants on the soil. Covering rice straw, rice husks, etc. for the purpose of winterization can lead to over-humidification and worsen the rate of wintering. Overwintering strains can be propagated by cutting or straining. Note applicant Stevia AF 2 of the invention described above - are willing to sale to seekers cultivated for testing plants were grown cuttings and research.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第1〜3図は、それぞれA、AF1およびAF2−越冬の甘味
成分の薄層クロマトグラフィーによる分析結果を示す。
図において、STはステビオサイド、RAはレバウディオサ
イドAを示す。第4図は、AF2の全草の形態を示す写
真、第5図はその葉の1枚を示す写真であり、何れも生
物の形態を示す写真である。
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 1-3 FIG respectively A, AF 1 and AF 2 - shows the results of analysis by thin layer chromatography sweetening component wintering.
In the figure, ST indicates stevioside, and RA indicates rebaudioside A. Figure 4 is a photograph showing the form of whole plant of AF 2, FIG. 5 is a photograph showing a single of the leaves, all of which are photographs showing the biological forms.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭57−86264(JP,A) 特開 昭57−54575(JP,A) 「昭和58年度種苗特性分類調査報告 書、種類名:ステビア」社団法人農林水 産技術情報協会 昭和59年3月発行 「農事試験場研究報告」第31号 1980 年発行第1〜71頁「Stevia re baudiana Bertoxiの定 着化に関する研究」 「食品工業」10/下 1975,Vol. 18,No.20 第44〜49頁「ステビオサ イドの利用技術と安全性」 「熱帯農業」29(2)1985.第109〜 115頁「ステビアの主要甘味配糖体に関 する変異」 (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) A01H 5/00 JOIS──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-57-86264 (JP, A) JP-A-57-54575 (JP, A) "Seedling and Characteristic Survey Report for 1983, Type name: Stevia" Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Information Association, published in March 1984, “Agricultural Experiment Station Research Report” No. 31, 1980, pages 1 to 71 1975, Vol. 18, No. 20 Pages 44-49, “Technology and Safety of Stevioside Utilization” Tropical Agriculture 29 (2) 1985. Pp. 109-115, “Mutations in Stevia Major Sweet Glycoside” (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) A01H 5/00 JOIS

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 1.遅くとも定植6ヵ月後に、乾燥葉に含まれる甘味成
分として、6.0%以上のレバウディオサイドAおよび2.7
%以下のステビオサイドを含み、かつ、ステビオサイド
に対しレバウディオサイドAを2.22ないし2.55倍含有す
るステビアに属する植物。
(57) [Claims] Six months after planting at the latest, 6.0% or more of rebaudioside A and 2.7%
% Of stevioside, and 2.22 to 2.55 times rebaudioside A relative to stevioside.
JP62330559A 1987-12-26 1987-12-26 Plants belonging to new Stevia varieties Expired - Lifetime JP3111203B2 (en)

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