JP3104145U - Textured nozzles for texturing endless yarns - Google Patents

Abstract

An inlet end, a preferably cylindrical central section with an air blow-in opening, and a preferably conical outlet end with a divergence angle greater than 10 ° but less than 40 °. The improved textured nozzle for texturing endless yarns, with thread passages through, with improved performance, especially up to over 1000 m / min. The present invention provides a textured nozzle capable of obtaining a good yarn quality.
An air blow-in opening (15) is arranged with a blow-in angle (β) larger than 48 ° but smaller than 80 ° with respect to the yarn transport direction.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

  The present invention is a method for texturing an endless yarn by means of a textured nozzle having a penetrating yarn passage, which blows the endless yarn into compressed air of 4 bar or more in the yarn transport direction, In order to generate a supersonic flow, it relates to a type in which the outlet end of the yarn passage has a divergence angle greater than 10 ° and is preferably conical. The invention also provides an inlet end, a preferably cylindrical central section with an air blow-in opening, and an advantageously conical outlet end with an expansion angle of more than 10 ° but less than 40 °. And a textured nozzle for texturing an endless yarn having a thread passage therethrough.

  Texturing refers to the partial further treatment of spun filament bundles or corresponding endless yarns to impart texturing properties to the yarn. As used herein, texturing refers to forming a large number of loops in each filament or forming a loop yarn. Conventional solutions for texturing are described in EP 0088254. The endless filament yarn is fed into the yarn supply passage at the entrance end of the textured nozzle and is textured by the force of supersonic flow at the trumpet-like exit end. The central section of the thread supply passage has a constant cylindrical cross section over its entire length. The inlet is rounded to facilitate the introduction of untreated yarn. A guide body is provided at the trumpet-shaped outlet end. In this case, a loop is formed between the trumpet-shaped portion and the guide body. The yarn is supplied in excess to the textured nozzle. Excess feed is required to loop each filament, resulting in a higher yarn count at the exit end.

  EP 0088254 describes an apparatus for texturing at least one endless yarn consisting of a number of filaments by means of a nozzle supplied with a pressure medium. The nozzle has a thread supply passage and a supply for the pressure medium which opens radially in the passage. Nozzles of the type mentioned at the outset have a discharge opening of a passage which is flared outwardly and which protrudes into this discharge opening and forms an annular gap with this discharge opening. Alternatively, it has a hemispherical guide body. For textured yarns, maintaining yarn properties both during and after the finishing process is an important criterion for the usability of such yarns. Furthermore, the degree of mixing of the two or more yarns with the individual filaments of the textured yarn is important for obtaining uniform product formation. In this case, stability is used as a concept of quality. As described according to the polyester multifilament yarn having a count of 167f68 dtex, a yarn strand having four windings (4 turns) per meter of the reel circumference is formed to define yarn instability I. Is done. This strand is loaded at 25 cN per minute and then the length X is defined. It is then similarly loaded at 1250 cN per minute. After unloading, the strand is newly loaded at 25 cN for 1 minute. After a further minute, the length y is defined. As a result, instability represented by the following equation is obtained.

I = YX / X100%
Instability indicates what percentage of the residual stretch is formed by the applied load. The object described in EP 0088 254 is to improve such a device in such a way that an optimum textured effect is obtained which guarantees a high stability of the yarn and a high degree of mixing of the individual filaments. is there. As a solution to this problem, the outer diameter of the convexly curved discharge opening of the passage is at least four times the diameter of the passage and at least 0.5 times the diameter of the spherical or hemispherical guide body (5). A corresponding configuration has been proposed. Optimum results are obtained when the product speed is in the range of 100-600 m / min. Or more. Interestingly, the Applicant has been marketing such nozzles for over 15 years and has been successful. The quality of the yarn obtained thereby has been determined to be very good for over 15 years. However, there is a growing demand for higher performance. Applicants have found that the solution described in EP 0 880 611 provides a significant performance improvement at a yarn transport speed of 1000 m / min. The basic idea for improving the performance is to increase the flow ratio in the expanded supersonic passage, that is, in the zone where the loop is formed. As a special inspection criterion, the yarn tension at the outlet of the textured nozzle is known. From a series of experiments, it was found that the yarn tension, according to the solution of EP0088254, dropped significantly above a yarn speed of about 600 m / min. This implies the capacity limitations of such a nozzle type.

By concentrating the flow in a supersonic passage according to the proposal of EP 0 880 611, an unexpected increase in the thread tension was obtained, which made it possible to increase the transport speed to over 1000 m / min. In this case, the quality of the treated yarn was initially determined to be the same at the maximum transport speed, or otherwise good. However, in practice, in many instances the yarn quality does not meet the desired requirements.
EP0088254 Specification EP0880611 specification

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a textured nozzle in which the performance can be improved, especially up to more than 1000 m / min., And in which the maximum yarn quality is obtained in all possible applications.

  According to the means of the method of the invention which solves this problem, the endless yarn is textured by means of a textured nozzle having a penetrating yarn passage, which blows the endless yarn into the compressed air of 4 bar or more in the yarn transport direction. In order to generate a supersonic flow, wherein the exit end of the yarn passage has a divergence angle greater than 10 ° and is preferably conically widened. In order to concentrate the yarn release, compressed air is blown into the yarn passage at a blow-in angle of 48 ° or more, especially 50 ° or more.

  According to an embodiment of the invention, the blow-in angle is between 49 ° and 80 °, preferably between 50 ° and 70 °.

  According to another embodiment of the invention, the yarn path is provided with a preferably cylindrical central section which, in the transport direction, transitions to a conical extension without a change in cross section, Compressed air was blown into the thread release section at a distance from the conical extension of the section.

  According to another embodiment of the invention, the blow-in angle is set as a function of the yarn count in the range from 48 ° to 80 °, preferably from 50 ° to 70 °.

  According to another embodiment of the present invention, the yarn is released by blowing compressed air into the yarn passage at an angle greater than 48 ° and less than 80 °, thereby avoiding the vortex of the filament.

  According to another embodiment of the invention, the yarn is subjected to a thermal action before and / or after the textured section.

According to previous studies, the data for the optimum blow-in angle for the process air obtained with a textured nozzle according to EP 0088 254 is 48 °. If it exceeds 48 °, only the texture processing quality is reduced. For this, reference is made to a number of experiments described in "A. Demir im" journal of Engineering for Industry "vom Februar 1990 (Vol. 112/97)". The authors of this paper have the opportunity to examine important parameters through a series of experiments. In this case, the nozzles have been tested with blow-in angles of 30, 45 and 60 degrees. Nozzles having a blow-in angle of 60 ° have shown poor results in many respects. This is especially because at 60 ° most of the energy hits the opposing wall and becomes ineffective. This scientifically demonstrates what has been learned empirically in the development of the textured nozzle according to EP 0088254 and as a result has become clear. In the development of the new nozzle type according to EP 0 880 611, there is no doubt the long-established technical belief that the range of blow-in angles of 45 ° to 48 ° is optimal. This is because such features are mentioned at the beginning in the description of the solution according to EP 0 880 611. As described above, in an experiment for improving the yarn quality, a new attempt has been made particularly considering the influence of the blow-in angle. Surprisingly, it was confirmed in a first series of experiments that the quality of the textured yarn was unexpectedly enhanced by increasing the blow-in angle by means of the nozzle described in EP 0 880 611. ing. As a result, the following two process zones:
It was found that it was necessary to optimally match the release of the yarn and the texturing of the yarn. Repeated experiments have shown that in the solution according to EP 0088 254, the texturing zone is limited, and thus increasing the release of the yarn results in disadvantages. According to the field of applying vortices to the yarn, it is known that the yarn releasing action is greatest at a blow-in angle of 90 °. The purpose of applying a vortex to the yarn is to form regular knots in the yarn. Examples of such eddies are described in DE 1958019. In contrast, in textured yarns, such knots must not be formed in any case. For two fundamentally different methods, the knot forming method and the loop forming method, it is necessary to set a limit range of the blow-in angle. Of course, it is still not possible to define this limit. To date, the range for the blow-in angle has been taken from 49 ° to 80 °, preferably from 50 ° to about 70 °. The upper limit has not yet been confirmed. The yarn passage preferably has a cylindrical central section, which transitions into the conical extension without a sudden change in the conveying direction, and the compressed air is conically expanded. A sufficient distance from the supersonic passage is blown into the cylindrical section.

  According to experiments related to the present invention, the following three new recognitions have been obtained.

  In a textured nozzle with intensive supersonic flow according to EP 0 880 611, quality improvement was obtained when the blow-in angle was more than 48 °.

  -The degree of quality improvement starts to increase significantly as the blow-in angle is increased above 48 °.

  When the blow-in angle is 52 ° or more, and partially up to 60 ° or 65 °, the yarn quality does not change. However, the optimum blow-in angle is often also related to the yarn count.

  It has therefore been proposed to define the blow-in angle as a function of yarn quality, in particular in the range of 48 ° to 80 °, preferably 50 ° to 70 °, in particular as a function of the yarn count. The advantages of the present invention are provided by a textured nozzle having only one hole. Through this hole compressed air is blown in at an angle greater than 48 ° or 50 °. Advantageously, however, the compressed air is blown into the yarn passage via three holes arranged 120 ° off the circumference. In this case, what is important is that notching of the yarn is avoided by blowing compressed air into the yarn passage, instead of intensively releasing the yarn.

  According to the textured nozzle of the present invention that solves the above-mentioned problem, the compressed air is blown into the yarn passage at a blow-in angle (blow-in angle) of 48 ° or more, preferably 50 ° or more in order to concentrate the yarn release. It is characterized by that. The air blow-in points are preferably arranged in a cylindrical section at a distance to the conical extension, which distance at least approximately corresponds to the diameter of the yarn passage. According to the current level of knowledge, the length of the two process steps, release and texturing, is too short in the nozzle according to EP0088254. This is one of the reasons for the limited transport speed of the nozzle type with old solutions.

  According to the present invention, the following recognition has been obtained.

  1. The release of the thread on the one hand and the texturing of the thread on the other hand must be optimized independently.

  2. In order to optimize two completely different functions, these functions must be spatially separated.

  3. Moreover, it is necessary to carry out the two operations one after the other, in such a way that the release is carried out following the texturing or the texturing is carried out immediately after the end of the thread releasing process.

  At least the central cylindrical section of the textured nozzle and the conically expanded discharge section are configured as part of the nozzle core. The nozzle core is preferably designed as an insert which is inserted into a textured nozzle head and is made of a wear-resistant material, in particular ceramic.

  Particularly advantageously, the nozzle core is configured as a replacement core, so that a nozzle core having an optimum inner dimension and an angle of penetration can be inserted. This makes it possible, for example, to replace existing nozzle cores according to the prior art with fewer operations and to take advantage of all the advantages of the invention. At the discharge end of the conically expanded section, a guide body is arranged as in the prior art, this guide body reaching at least up to the vicinity of the conically expanded discharge section. This further contributes to the uniformity of the yarn quality. The textured nozzle is advantageously configured as a part of a textured head, in which case the air is distributed in the three air blow-in holes in the textured head. Subsequently, reference is made to EP 0 880 611. This specification is the basis and starting point for the present invention as long as the process steps relate to texturing.

  In EP 0 880 611, the first clue for quality lies in the thread tension behind the textured nozzle. Only if the yarn tension can be increased, the quality is improved. The break occurs when the blow air flow becomes higher than Mach 2. A number of experiments have shown that not only is the quality improved, but that quality is only marginally adversely affected by increased production rates. Even a slight increase in Mach number above 2 already has significant consequences. According to the best explanation for concentrating the texturing process accordingly, the velocity difference immediately before and after the shock wave front is increased, which has a direct effect on the corresponding force acting on the filament. It is supposed to be. The increased force in the region of the shock wave front will increase the yarn tension. According to the invention, the rule: higher Mach number = stronger impact = intensive texturing is known. The intensive supersonic flow is detected more intensively on the wide surface and on each filament of the released yarn, so that the loop does not deviate laterally beyond the working zone of the shock wave front. Since the generation of supersonic flow in the accelerating passage is based on expansion, the effective discharge cross section is increased or almost doubled by means of a high Mach number range, for example Mach 2.5 instead of Mach 1.5. Can be Various observations have been made and the following has been proved in combination with the present invention.

  Improved quality of texturing at the same production speed when using supersonic passages configured for high Mach numbers.

  -A pilot experiment with each yarn count was performed up to a production speed of 1000-1500 m / min. Without breaking the textured processing.

  Measurement technology immediately confirmed that the yarn tension was increased by an average of about 50%. Moreover, the value thus increased is kept substantially constant over a large speed range of, for example, 400 to 700 m / min.

  -Furthermore, it has been found that the choice of compressed air supply pressure is also a major influencing factor. Higher feed pressures are often required to ensure higher Mach numbers. The higher feed pressure is between 6 bar and 14 bar, but may be as high as 20 bar or more.

  Comparison experiments between the texturing technique according to EP 0088254 and the new solution within the scope of EP 0 880 611 yielded the following rules within a remarkable wide range. The textured quality is at least as good or better than the textured quality at low production speeds due to supersonic passages designed for low Mach numbers. The texturing process is intensively performed as follows at the air velocity at Mach 2 or more, that is, at the shock wave front of Mach 2.5 to Mach 5. In other words, even at the maximum yarn passing speed, almost all the loops are gripped and intensively performed so as to be well connected to the yarn. By producing a high Mach number air velocity in the acceleration path, the texturing no longer collapses to maximum velocity. Second, all filament bundles are homogenized in well-defined outer passage restrictions and fed directly into the shockfront zone. An essential important criterion for the effective effect of the invention is that the stability of the yarn is generally improved. When the textured yarn is exposed to a strong tensile load by the new solution and is loosened again, the textured or stiff bundles and loops remain almost unchanged. This is a decisive factor for subsequent processing.

  In the accelerating path, the yarn is drawn by the accelerated air flow by a corresponding drawing dimension, is released, and then immediately enters the texturing zone. The blown air stream is then guided through the widened discontinuous section without being diverted in the acceleration path. One or more yarns are introduced at the same feed rate or at different feed rates, from 400 to 1200 m / min. Textured processing is performed at the above production speed. The compressed air flow is accelerated to 2.0 Mach to 6 Mach, preferably 2.5 Mach to 4 Mach. Best results are obtained if the discharge-side end of the yarn path is limited by the impingement body so that the textured yarn exits through the gap substantially at right angles to the yarn path.

  In a particularly advantageous manner, the blown air is guided from the supply point into the cylindrical section of the yarn path directly at an almost constant speed in the axial direction to the acceleration path in accordance with the radial principle (Radilalprinzip). . In the prior art of EP 0 880 611, one or more yarns may be textured with different feed rates according to the solution of the invention. The theoretically effective full expansion angle of the supersonic passage is from 10 ° to 40 °, preferably from 15 ° to 30 °, from the smallest diameter to the largest diameter. The maximum limit angle (total angle) is from 35 ° to 36 ° for mass production according to the currently common fuzziness. The compressed air is almost always accelerated in the conical acceleration passage. The nozzle passage section immediately upstream of the supersonic passage is preferably designed to be substantially cylindrical, in which case it is blown into the cylindrical section with the conveying component towards the acceleration passage. The pulling force acting on the yarn increases with the length of the acceleration passage. By expanding the nozzle or increasing the Mach number, concentration of the texture processing can be obtained. The acceleration passage must have a cross-sectional extension of at least 1:20, preferably 1:25 or greater. It has been proposed to make the length of the accelerating passage 3 to 15 times, preferably 4 to 12 times, the diameter of the yarn passage at the beginning of the accelerating passage. The accelerating passage is configured, in whole or in part, as a continuous widening, has a conical section and / or has a somewhat spherical shape. However, the acceleration passage can also be designed in a finely graded manner and have different acceleration zones (at least one zone with a maximum acceleration and at least one zone with a low acceleration of the compressed air flow). The discharge area of the accelerating passage is further cylindrical or substantially cylindrical, the entry area being largely expanded, but at least 36 °. If the peripheral conditions for the acceleration path are maintained according to the invention, the changes in the acceleration path have proved to be approximately equivalent or at least the same. The yarn passage has, following the very sonic passage, a yarn passage opening which is widened in a largely convex, preferably trumpet-like manner, by more than 40 °, in this case from the supersonic passage to the yarn passage opening. The transition is advantageously continuous. The decisive factor is that the pressure ratio, especially in the textured loop, is positively influenced by the impactor and is kept stable. According to an advantageous configuration of the textured nozzle, the textured nozzle comprises a straight running yarn passage with a central cylindrical section, in which an air supply is open, and said cylindrical passage in the yarn running direction. Immediately following this section, there is a conical acceleration passage having an opening angle (α2) of greater than 15 °, followed by an expanding section having an opening angle (∂) of greater than 40 °.

  The present invention will be described in detail with reference to some embodiments shown in the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the textured nozzle 1 has a thread passage 4 which has a cylindrical section 2 which is at the same time a diameter d. Also corresponds to the narrowest cross section 3 having From the narrowest cross section 3 the yarn path 4 transitions into the acceleration path 11 without changing the cross section and then expands into a trumpet shape, in which case a trumpet shape having a radius of curvature R is formed. Based on the supersonic flow to be adjusted, it focused front diameter DA _E corresponding is calculated. Based on the calculated focused front diameter DA _E, relatively accurately peeled or stripped portions _{A 1, A 2, A 3} , A 4 is calculated. For the focusing front action reference is made to EP 0 880 611. Acceleration range of air is defined by the length l ₂ from the narrowest point of the cross section 3 and the stripping position A. Since this is for pure supersonic flow, the approximate air speed is calculated from these.

Figure 1 shows the structure of a conical acceleration duct 11 corresponding to the length l _2. The open angle α ₂ some 20 °. Stripping portions A ₂ are the yarn passage opening angle ∂> having 40 °, has been shifted to the strong conical or unstable expanding portion 12 of the trumpet-shaped, are described in the end of the supersonic passageway . Focusing front diameter DA _E is obtained based on the geometry. For example, the following equation holds.

By extending the acceleration duct 11 having an open angle of the correspondingly enlarged focusing front diameter DA _E is obtained. Many experiments have found that the stripping points A3 and A4 move into the acceleration passage 11 even when the supply pressure decreases. In practice, the calculation of the optimum supply pressure for each yarn is performed, in which case the length (l ₂ ) of the acceleration path is designed for the inconvenient case. That is, the length (l ₂ ) of the acceleration passage is designed to be slightly longer. Centerline of Buroin opening 15 is marked by M _B, the center line of the yarn passage 4 marked with _{M GK,} also the intersection of the _{M GK} and _{M B} are shown in SM. Pd is a point of the narrowest cross-section in the beginning of the acceleration duct 11, l ₁ the distance between the SM and Pd, l ₂ is the interval between the end of the acceleration duct from Pd (A4). Loeff approximately indicates the length of the yarn release zone, and Ltex approximately indicates the length of the yarn textured zone. The greater the angle β, the greater the yarn opening zone extending rearward.

  FIG. 2 shows a textured head or the entire nozzle head 20 in which the nozzle body 5 is incorporated. The unprocessed yarn 21 is supplied to the textured nozzle 1 via the supply device 22, and further conveyed as a textured yarn 21 '. A collision body 23 is arranged in the outlet region 13 of the textured nozzle. The compressed air connection P ′ is arranged on the side of the nozzle body 20. The textured yarn 21 'is supplied to the second supply device 25 at the transport speed VT. The textured yarn 21 ′ is supplied to a quality sensor (called ATQ by the commercial symbol HemaQuality) 26, in which the tensile force (cN) of the yarn 21 ′ and the instantaneous deviation of the tensile force are measured. (Sigma%) is measured. The measurement signal is supplied to the computer 27. Proper quality measurement is a prerequisite for optimal monitoring of production. This value is also an indicator for yarn quality. In the air blow type texturing process, it is difficult to define the quality unless a loop having a predetermined size is formed. Rather, it is better to check for deviations from the quality deemed good by the customer. This is possible with the ATQ system. This is because the yarn structure and the distortion of the yarn structure can be ascertained and evaluated via the yarn tension sensor 26 and indicated on the AT value by a unique index. The yarn tension sensor 26 detects, in particular, the yarn pulling force behind the textured nozzle as an analog electric signal. In this case, the AT value is continuously calculated from the change in the yarn tension measurement value and the average value. The magnitude of the AT value is based on the yarn structure and is calculated by the user according to the user's specific quality requirements. During manufacturing, the fluctuation (uniformity) of the yarn pulling force or the yarn tension changes, and the AT value also changes. Where the upper and lower limits are present, a knitted or woven sample is calculated by a Garnspiegeln. These vary according to the quality requirements. The advantages of ATQ measurement are different disturbances, such as textured position identity, yarn wetting, filament breakage, nozzle fouling, impact sphere spacing, Hotpin temperature, air pressure difference, POY insertion zone, yarn storage. Other disturbances are detected simultaneously from the process.

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the nozzle core 5 according to a preferred embodiment. The outer inset shape advantageously conforms exactly to the nozzle core according to the prior art. This is particularly associated with the distance L _A for incorporation dimensions of critical points, pore diameter B _D, the total length L nozzle head height K _H and the compressed air connections PP '. Experiments have shown that the optimum blow-in angle β must be greater than 48 °. The corresponding distance X between the compressed air holes 15 is problematic in connection with the acceleration path. The yarn passage 4 is a yarn entry area indicated by an arrow 16 and has a yarn introduction conical portion 6. The compressed air, which is supplied via the inclined compressed air holes 15 and is directed in the yarn transport direction, reduces the backwardly directed exhaust airflow. The dimension "X" (FIG. 6) indicates that the air holes are advantageously offset from the narrowest cross section 3 by at least the dimension of diameter d. As viewed in the transport direction (arrow 16), the textured nozzle 1 or nozzle core 5 comprises a thread guide cone 6, a cylindrical central section 7 and a cone 8 (simultaneously corresponding to the acceleration passage 11). And an expanded textured room 9. The textured room is bounded transversely to the direction of flow by a trumpet-shaped part 12, which may be configured as an open conical funnel. FIG. 3 has a textured nozzle with three compressed air holes 15 which are each offset from each other by 120 ° and are located in the yarn passage 4 at the same point Sm. It is open.

FIG. 4 shows the nozzle core 5 with the impingement body 14 enlarged to several times its actual size. The nozzle core 5 according to the present invention is configured as a replacement core for the core according to the prior art. Thus, in particular, the dimensions B _d , E _L (embedded length), L _A + K _{H and} K _H are advantageously not only identical, but are also produced with the same tolerances. Advantageously, the trumpet shape in the outer outlet region is also produced, as in the prior art, with a corresponding radius of curvature R. The impactor 14 may have any shape, for example, spherical, flat or semi-spherical. The exact position of the impactor 14 in the exit area is maintained by maintaining the outer dimensions, depending on the same withdrawal dimension _Sp1 . The textured room 18 does not change outward, but is defined by the acceleration passage 11 rearward. The textured room can be increased into the acceleration passage depending on the height of the selected air pressure. The nozzle core 5 may be made of expensive materials, as indicated in the prior art, for example, ceramics, hard alloys or special steels, and is an inherently expensive part of a textured nozzle. Importantly, in the novel nozzle, both the cylindrical wall 21 and the wall 22 have the best quality in the region of the acceleration path. The characteristics of the trumpet-shaped widening are defined in consideration of yarn friction.

  FIG. 5 shows the entire nozzle head 20 including the nozzle core 5 and the collision body 14. The impact body 14 is adjustable via an arm 27 in a known casing 28. For mounting, the impingement body 14 is pivoted with the arm 27 in a known manner in a direction away from or away from the working area 30 of the textured nozzle according to the arrow 29. Compressed air is supplied from the casing chamber 31 via a compressed air hole. The nozzle core 5 is tightened and fixed to the casing 33 via the tightening shackle 32. Instead of a spherical shape, the collision object may have a semicircular shape.

In the lower left part of FIG. 6, a texturing according to the prior art described in EP-A-0088254 is schematically illustrated. In this case, as described in EP-A-0 0088 254, two main parameters are shown: the open zone Oe-Z ₁ starting from the diameter d corresponding to the nozzle, and the focusing front diameter DAs. I have. In the upper right hand describes a textured by EP 0880611, in this case, the value _{Oe-Z 2} and _{D AE} It is seen greater. Yarn release zone Oe-Z ₂ is as a base point the previous acceleration duct in the region of the compressed air supply unit P, the shorter the yarn released by the disclosed in European Patent 0088254 Pat solutions zone Oe-Z ₂ It is significantly longer compared to.

The main description in connection with FIG. 6 is that the yarn tension according to the prior art with Mach <2 (curve T311) and the textured nozzle according to the invention with Mach> 2 (curve S315) and the new nozzle This is apparent from the comparison based on the diagram. The vertical axis of this diagram shows the yarn tension CN, and the horizontal axis shows the production speed Pgeschw. In m / min (m / min). According to the curve T311, it is understood that the yarn tension is greatly reduced when the production speed exceeds 500 m / min. Above about 650 m / min, the texturing by the nozzle described in EP-A-0088254 collapses. In contrast, the curve S315 according to the nozzle disclosed in EP 0880611 shows that not only the yarn tension is significantly higher, but also that the yarn tension is substantially constant in the range of 400 to 700 m / min, and that the higher production speed is obtained. It only descends slowly in the range. Increasing the mach number is one of the most important parameters for intensively texturing. Increasing the blow-in angle (blowing angle) is one of the most important parameters for the quality of the texturing process, as shown in the upper left by the third example novel nozzle. . As an example, blow-in angles in the range of 50 ° to 60 ° are shown. Yarn release zone _{Oe-Z 3} are the upper right greater than solution (European Patent No. 0880611), also significantly greater than the solution in the lower left (EP 0088254). Another method parameter is the same for all three solutions. In comparison to the different blow-in angles in the range 45 ° to 48 ° and the new 45 ° or more, a very obvious effect is shown, as indicated by OZ _{1 and} OZ ₂ (circled accordingly). Obtained in the first section of the thread release zone. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the only superficial difference is the change in the blow-in angle. Significant increases in thread tension begin at angles greater than 48 ° and are based on combined action. At least up to now, a noticeable effect is obtained at a blow-in angle of 48 °. This is only the case for textured nozzles according to EP 0 880 611. This type of textured nozzle has sufficient reserve capacity so that a slight increase in the yarn release operation can contribute to an increase in yarn quality.

FIGS. 7a to 7c and 8a to 8c graphically show the relationship between different parameters for the prior art (T341K1 and S345) and the textured nozzle according to the invention having a blow-in angle of 50 ° to 58 °. Have been. In FIG. 8a, the thread tension increases significantly from left to right, from about 20 CN to 56 cN. The thread tension is more than double in the illustrated embodiment according to the invention. FIG. 7a shows a state in which the yarn tension is initially slightly higher. All experiments give the in-frame variations of the two graphs 7a and 8a, which newly show that the thread tension increases significantly above a blow-in angle of 48 °. FIG. 7c, like FIG. 8c, shows three different textured yarn patterns, respectively. The yarn pattern shown at the top was produced with a nozzle according to the prior art. The upper part of FIG. 7c shows a yarn pattern produced according to EP-A-0 0088 254 (T-type nozzle) and in the center a EP-A-0 880 611 (S-type nozzle). The lower pattern was produced with a textured nozzle according to the present invention. In the yarn pattern of the prior art, a relatively large protruding loop is conspicuous, and there are few compact (dense) portions. Dimensions B ₁ and B ₂ denotes the width dimension of the largest protruding and loops. In the two yarn patterns of the lower dimensions B ₃ is significantly smaller. In particular, relatively compact locations that are arranged at short intervals at relatively compact locations and have many loops are identified. The decisive point is that the yarn pattern forms a significantly different pattern under load. When a thread pattern according to the prior art (upper and middle) is subjected to a tensile load, the loop is severely disintegrated, and when no longer subjected to the tensile load, the loop disappears partially. On the other hand, the loop in the yarn pattern according to the present invention is almost completely maintained even after the tensile load is removed. This means that the quality of the texturing has been significantly increased in a double sense. This could also be confirmed in all yarn counts tested so far. Even more interesting is the fact that in the thermal action according to WO 99/45182 it has been proven that the invention has increased the corresponding quality and efficiency. EP 1058745 describes a corresponding additional combination as a combined component.

  FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a novel texturing process. Distinct process steps are shown continuously from top to bottom. The smooth yarn (Glattgarn) 100 is supplied from above to the textured nozzle 101 at a predetermined transport speed V1 via the first supply device LW1, and is guided through the yarn passage 104. Via a compressed air passage 103 connected to the compressed air source Pl, highly compressed, preferably unheated, air is blown into the yarn passage 104 at an angle α to the yarn transport direction. Immediately after the compressed air passage 103, the yarn passage 104 widens conically, and in the conical section 102 a strongly accelerated (supersonic, preferably above Mach 2) air flow is formed. As described in detail in said WO 09/30200, a shock wave is generated. The first section, which continues from the point of air blowing 105 into the yarn passage 104 to the first section of the conical extension 102, is used to unravel and release the smooth yarn. Thus, each filament is exposed to the supersonic flow. The texturing takes place in the conical part 102 or in the outlet area, depending on the height of the provided air pressure (9 ... 12-14 bar and higher). There is a direct proportional relationship between Mach number and texturing. The higher the Mach number, the stronger the impact action and the more intensive the texturing. Two important parameters are given for production speed:

-Desired quality standard-If the transport speed is further increased, the texture processing will be disrupted (Schlack ern)
The meanings of the symbols shown in FIG. 9 are as follows.

  Th.Vor .: In some cases, pre-treatment with heat by yarn heating or hot steam.

  G.mech .: The yarn is treated by the mechanical action of the compressed air flow (supersonic flow).

  Th.nach .: Heat treatment with high-temperature steam (in some cases, only heat or heated air).

D: steam, PL: compressed air The production rate is increased by additional heat treatment to 1500 m / min. (M / min), without the collapse of the texturing and without schlackern. The limits in this case are given by the experimental equipment present. The best textured quality is obtained at production speeds well above 800 m / min. According to the invention, one or two entirely new quality parameters have been discovered. In this case, the other regularity (high Mach number = stronger impact = intensive texturing) is proven in all experiments. The parameters found are, on the one hand, the heat treatment connected before and / or after the texturing, and, on the other hand, an increase in the Mach number by increasing the compressed air and a corresponding configuration of the acceleration passage.

a) Thermal post-treatment or relaxation The most important quality criteria in texturing are determined by those skilled in the art according to the yarn tension of the yarn discharged from the textured nozzle. This is also the concentration of textured processing. The yarn tension is adjusted with a textured yarn 106 between the textured nozzle (TD) and the feeding device LW2. In the region between the textured nozzle (TD) and the supply device LW2, a heat treatment of the yarn subjected to a tensile load is performed. In this case, the yarn is heated to about 180 ° C. The first experiment was already successfully completed with a hot pin or heated godet and with a hot plate (without contact), so that the quality limits related to the transport speed were purely increased. . At present, it is believed that the thermal post-treatment has a twisting effect as well as a shrinkage effect on the textured yarn, thereby promoting the texturing.

b) Thermal pretreatment It was further noted that thermal pretreatment also had a positive effect on the texturing process. This is due to the combined effect of contraction and yarn release in the supersonic range in the section between the point of air blowing into the yarn passage and the first part of the conical expansion. Preconditions for loop formation during the texturing process are improved because the stiffness is reduced by heating the yarn. In this case, the experiment is successfully completed even if a hot plate or a hot pin is used as a heat source. Also, by thermally pre-treating the yarn, adverse cooling effects due to air expansion at the texturing nozzles are avoided, thus improving the texturing of the heated yarn. At very high transport speeds, some of the heat remains in the yarn until it reaches the extent of loop formation.

  FIG. 9 shows a state in which the processing medium (high-temperature air, high-temperature steam or other high-temperature gas) acts on the running yarn one after another for a short time or directly. The intervention of the method is not implemented separately in this manner, but rather in one cooperation between the two supply devices. This means that the yarn is not only held at the start and end, but also has a mechanical pneumatic and thermal action between the start and end of the yarn. is there. The thermal treatment is performed on filaments or yarns that are still under the stress generated mechanically by the compressed air.

  FIGS. 10 a) to 1 d) show examples for mechanically and thermally acting in a spatially separated manner. The thermal action takes place spatially before or after the actual texturing. In this case, even a small amount of yarn heating is effectively used for texturing. FIGS. 10 a) to 10 d) show some important possibilities for using so-called heated and driven godets for thermal processing. Each of the temperature indications in the godet indicates whether it is for a heated location. In all embodiments, it is advantageous to use a hot plate or a compressed air buffer according to the invention, respectively.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the yarn passage in the area of the intended opening and the textured zone according to the present invention. It is a schematic diagram showing a thread tension inspection at the time of texture processing. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the nozzle body according to the present invention; It is sectional drawing which shows the nozzle body provided with the collision body in the start end part of an acceleration path. It is the schematic diagram which judged partially showing the whole nozzle body provided with the collision body. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison between a textured yarn according to the prior art and the present invention in relation to yarn tension. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing experimental results relating to different blow-in angles, starting from a prior art nozzle having a blow-in angle of 48 °. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing experimental results relating to different blow-in angles, starting from a prior art nozzle having a blow-in angle of 48 °. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing experimental results relating to different blow-in angles, starting from a prior art nozzle having a blow-in angle of 48 °. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing experimental results relating to different blow-in angles, starting from a prior art nozzle having a blow-in angle of 48 °. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing experimental results relating to different blow-in angles, starting from a prior art nozzle having a blow-in angle of 48 °. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing experimental results relating to different blow-in angles, starting from a prior art nozzle having a blow-in angle of 48 °. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a heat treatment stage combined with a texturing process. a, b, c, and d are schematic diagrams showing a heat treatment process via godet heating.

Explanation of reference numerals

  1,101 textured nozzle, 2 cylindrical section, 3 narrowest cross section, 4,104 yarn passage, 5 nozzle core, 9 textured room, 11 acceleration passage, 12 divergent section, trumpet-shaped part, 13 focusing front, 14 pressure rising zone, parallel body, 15 blow-in opening, 20 nozzle body, 21 cylindrical wall surface, 21 'thread, 22 plane, 26 thread tension sensor, 27 computer, 30 working range, 31 casing room, 32 tightening shackle, 33 casing

Claims (6)

With an inlet end, a preferably cylindrical central section with an air blow-in opening, and a preferably conical outlet end with a spreading angle of more than 10 ° but less than 40 ° A textured nozzle for texturing an endless yarn, having a thread passage therethrough,
A textured nozzle for texturing endless yarns, characterized in that the air blow-in openings are arranged with a blow-in angle of more than 48 ° but less than 80 ° with respect to the yarn transport direction. .   2. The textured nozzle according to claim 1, having only one air blow-in opening.   2. The textured nozzle according to claim 1, comprising three air blow-in openings that are offset by 120 [deg.], The air blow-in openings opening at the same blow-in location.   4. The air blow-in point according to claim 1, wherein the air blow-in points are spaced apart in a cylindrical section relative to the conical extension, the spacing corresponding at least approximately to the diameter of the yarn passage. 2. The textured nozzle according to claim 1.   At least a cylindrical central section and a conically expanded discharge section are configured as part of the nozzle core, the nozzle core being advantageously configured as an insert inserted into the textured nozzle body, 5. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is made of a wear-resistant material.   The nozzle body is designed as a replacement core, the nozzle core having the optimum inner dimensions and the angle of penetration can be inserted as an insert, and preferably a guide body is arranged at the outlet end of the conically widened section. The guide body extends at least to the vicinity of an outlet section which expands in a substantially conical manner, wherein the textured nozzle is advantageously configured as a part of the textured head and the thread of the textured head A textured nozzle, characterized in that the air is particularly preferably distributed in the passage by three air blow-in openings.

Images