JP3098688B2 - Positioning method and positioning device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a position measuring method and a positioning device used in the method, and more particularly to a position measuring method and a positioning device used for positioning in a civil engineering or construction site. Things.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, positioning in a blackout operation is performed by:
An operator stands with a target such as a prism at a point considered as a target point, and another worker collimates the target with a surveying instrument such as an optical distance meter or a transit, and the collimation value is the coordinates of the target point. When the value is different from the value, the collimating worker instructs the worker holding the target to move the target and collimate again. The final position is determined by repeating such collimation and movement of the target many times.

[0003]

The conventional position measurement method by a person having a target and a person sighting a surveying instrument not only requires a great deal of time and labor, but also requires a high degree of accuracy depending on the skill of the worker. Unevenness occurs. On the other hand, in order to solve such a problem, the applicant has previously proposed Japanese Patent Application No. 5-28152.
No. 5 (Patent No. 2904388, June 14, 1999)
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Gazette No. H10 (1995) , a so-called automatic position setting device equipped with a calculation unit, a control unit, and a driving unit is installed on the target side, and data measured by a total station or the like is transmitted to the automatic position setting device by wireless communication or the like. There is also a means for automatic positioning by being sent. However, the automatic position setting device by this means is heavy and large,
Since it is inconvenient to carry and consumes a large amount of power, it is necessary to secure a power supply.

[0004] Therefore, position measurement can be performed in a short time, easily, and with high accuracy regardless of the skill of the operator.
In addition, a problem to be solved arises in order to reduce the size and weight of the device used in the positioning method and eliminate the need to secure a power source. The present invention solves the problem. Aim.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been proposed in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. In a surveying method for positioning a target point based on two known points on two-dimensional absolute coordinates, A reference target is provided at each of the two known points, a surveying means is provided at an arbitrary point on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates, and a positioning device in which positioning targets are provided at two predetermined positions, respectively. Placed at an arbitrary point near the point, and the positioning device
Forming two-dimensional relative coordinates by having
Further, the coordinate values of the two known points and the target point on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates and the coordinate values of the points where the two positioning targets are disposed on the two-dimensional relative coordinates are input. The surveying means measures the two reference targets, calculates the position of the surveying means by the computing means based on the survey result, and furthermore, calculates the positions of the two reference targets by the surveying means. A positioning target is surveyed, and a coordinate value of the target point on two-dimensional relative coordinates is calculated by the arithmetic means based on the measurement result and the calculation result, and the two coordinate values of the target device are orthogonal to each other. By reading with a scale, in the position surveying method for positioning the target point, and in the positioning device, at the left and right ends of the horizontal axis With disposing s positioning target, in which the vertical axis scale is to provide a positioning device for use in said position surveying method is slidably formed in the left and right with respect to the horizontal axis scale.

[0006]

The coordinate value of the surveying means placed at an arbitrary point on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates is uniquely determined by the distance and the relative angle between the surveying means and two known points on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates. Therefore, the distance and the relative angle are measured by a surveying means,
If the results of the survey are input to the arithmetic means to which the coordinate values of the two known points and the arithmetic program have been input in advance, the coordinate values of the survey means on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates can be automatically obtained. Thus, once the coordinate values on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates of the surveying means placed at an arbitrary point are determined, the coordinate values of the other arbitrary points on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates are determined by the surveying means in the same manner as described above. By measuring the other arbitrary points, it can be automatically obtained by using the arithmetic means. Therefore, the coordinate values on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates of the two positioning targets of the positioning device placed at an arbitrary point near the target point are automatically obtained by the above-described method.

On the other hand, the positioning device has two scales orthogonal to each other to form two-dimensional relative coordinates, and the arithmetic means has two-dimensional relative coordinates on the two-dimensional relative coordinates of the two positioning targets. Are input. Therefore, the relative relationship between the two-dimensional absolute coordinates and the two-dimensional relative coordinates can be known by comparing the coordinate values of the two positioning targets on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates with the coordinate values on the two-dimensional relative coordinates. . Further, since the coordinate value of the target point on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates is input in advance to the calculating means, the coordinate value of the target point on the two-dimensional relative coordinates is automatically obtained based on the relative relationship. become.

In this way, the operator reads the calculated coordinate value of the target point on the two-dimensional relative coordinates by using two mutually orthogonal scales of the positioning device.
The positioning of the target point is completed.

In the positioning device, two positioning targets are disposed at the left and right ends of the horizontal axis, and the horizontal axis scale is fixed, and the vertical axis scale slides left and right with respect to the horizontal axis scale. If it is formed so as to be free, the relative angle of the two positioning targets as viewed from the surveying means increases, and
Since the positioning target is also fixed together with the horizontal scale, the surveying accuracy is improved as much as possible. Also, when reading the scale, first slide the vertical scale so that the vertical scale is positioned at the value of the target value, and then read the value of the vertical axis of the target value with the vertical scale. Therefore, the reading operation can be performed extremely easily.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a pattern of positioning and surveying of a target point Q at the time of inking work at a civil engineering construction site, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship between each coordinate and each point related to the surveying. First, two-dimensional absolute coordinates XY are determined on the ground surface horizontal plane, and mirrors 1 and 2 are respectively set up at known points A and B on the XY coordinates as reference targets. The target point Q to be positioned is set as a coordinate value on the XY coordinates.

Next, a total station 3 is set up as a surveying means at an arbitrary point P on the XY coordinates. After the total station 3 it will automatically search for the mirror 1 by scanning with laser light, automatically surveying the distance PA between the total station 3 and the mirror 1 by emitting a distance measuring light L _1. Then, after they searched the mirror 2, to automatically surveying distances PB and angle θ ₁ = ∠APB by emitting a distance measuring light L _2. Any point in two-dimensional space is known
If the distance to the point and the relative angle are known, it is unambiguously determined. Therefore, the coordinate values of A and B, the distances PA and PB, and the angle θ
Any point P where total station 3 is provided from ₁
Will be calculated. The calculation program for calculating the above-mentioned arbitrary point P is incorporated in the handy computer 5 on the right hand of the worker 4 on the side of the total station 3, and the coordinates of the known points A and B are used as initial data. A value has been entered. Then, when the handy computer 5 and the total station 3 are connected by the cable 6, the above-described survey data (distance PA, PB and angle θ ₁ ) is automatically input to the handy computer 5 from the total station 3. Thus, the coordinate value P on the XY coordinates of the total station 3 is automatically calculated in the handy computer 5. When the coordinate value P is determined,
The coordinate values of the other arbitrary points on the XY coordinates can be known by measuring the arbitrary point with the total station 3 and examining the relative relationship between the point P and the arbitrary point.

On the other hand, another worker 7 places the positioning device 8 at a point which is considered to be approximately the target point Q. Here, the configuration of the positioning device 8 will be described with reference to FIG. The base frame 9 of the positioning device 8 is formed in a horizontally long rectangular shape. U-shaped mirror frames 10 and 11 are respectively pivotally mounted on the left and right ends of the base frame 9 so as to be rotatable around a vertical axis. Mirrors 12 and 13 are positioned on the mirror frames 10 and 11 as positioning targets, respectively. It is pivotally mounted around it. Therefore, the mirror 1
The mirrors 2 and 13 are rotatable about a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, but the center points of the mirrors 12 and 13 are fixed with respect to the base frame 9. At the time of surveying, the mirrors 12 and 13 are used in the direction of the surveying means. And the mirror 1
Since the reference numerals 2 and 13 are provided at both left and right ends of the base frame 9, the relative angle between the two as viewed from the surveying means increases, and the surveying accuracy can be improved as much as possible.

Further, a grip portion 14 is provided on the rear portion of the base frame 9 so as to be easily carried, and a reverse L-shaped bracket 15 is fixedly provided at the center of the rear portion of the base frame 9. , The bracket 1
5 is provided with a bolt hole 16 at the upper end. When the positioning device 8 is used, the positioning device 8 is placed on a predetermined horizontal plane, and then a magnet cubic or the like is fitted under the bracket 15 to connect the bracket 15 and the magnet cubic or the like via the bolt hole 16. The positioning device 8 is fixed by bolting.

An x-axis scale 17 is formed by engraving a scale on the front side of the base frame 9 in millimeter units. In the center of the base frame 9, a thin plate-like guide rail 18 is fixed in the longitudinal direction,
The rod shafts 1 are respectively provided before and after the guide rails 18.
9, 20 are provided. Then, the x-axis scale 17
And the guide rail 18 and the rod shafts 19 and 20 are parallel to each other. Further, a carriage 21 is mounted on the upper part of the base frame 9. A concave portion 22 is formed on the lower surface of the truck 21 so as to straddle the guide rail 18, and through holes 23 and 24 are formed before and after the concave portion 22 in parallel with the concave portion 22. The rod shafts 19 and 20 are inserted through bearings, respectively. Thus, the carriage 21 is mounted on the guide rail 18.
And is guided by the rod shafts 19 and 20 to be slidable left and right.

A y-axis scale 25 extends in front of the carriage 21 so as to be orthogonal to the x-axis scale 17 so as to slide integrally with the carriage 21 and to slide along the y-axis scale 25. The left side of is marked with a millimeter scale. Thus, the x-axis scale 17
And a y-axis scale 25 orthogonal to the x-axis scale 17 form two-dimensional relative coordinates xy. A screw 26 is provided at the center of the upper surface of the bogie 21.
6 is pressed against the upper end of the guide rail 18 so that the carriage 21 and the y-axis scale 2 are tightened.
5 is fixed.

When the positioning device 8 is located near the target point Q,
When placed on the toe, as shown in FIGS.
The positioning device by the laser beam of the
8, the mirror 12 at the left end is searched, and the distance measuring light L_ThreeFired
The total station 3 and the mirror 1
Distance PC to point C where 2 is located and total station
Relative angle of point C with respect to known point A or B as viewed from option 3
Degree θ_Two= ∠APC or θ_Three= ∠ BPC is automatically surveyed
You. As described above, the distance PC and the angle θ _TwoOr
θ_ThreeIf it is known, the coordinate value of the point C on the XY coordinate can be obtained.
And the calculation program is stored in the handy computer.
Data 5. And the survey data
(Distance PC and angle θ_TwoOr θ_Three) Cable 6
Input to the handy computer 5 through the
Thus, the coordinate value of the point C on the XY coordinate is automatically calculated.
You.

By emitting a distance measuring light L ₄ [0017] Similarly total station 3 is searched the right edge of the mirror 13 of the positioning device 8 with a laser beam, a distance PD and the point D the total station 3 and the mirror 13 is positioned Relative angle θ ₄ = ∠APD or θ of point D with respect to known point A or B or point C as viewed from total station 3
₅ = ∠BPD or θ ₆ = ∠CPD is automatically measured, and the coordinate value of the point D on the XY coordinates is automatically calculated by the handy computer 5.

On the other hand, coordinate values c and d at which the mirrors 12 and 13 are located on the two-dimensional relative coordinates xy formed by the positioning device 8 are input to the handy computer 5. Coordinate values C, D and x on XY coordinates
Since the coordinate values c and d on the y coordinate are the same point on the horizontal plane to be inked out, respectively,
The relative relationship between the -Y coordinate and the xy coordinate is known, and if the relative relationship is known, the coordinate value that any point on the XY coordinate takes on the xy coordinate can be obtained. That is, coordinate values C and D
And c, d, the xy coordinate is X
Assuming that the object has been translated by X _{O in} the X-axis direction and Y _{O in the} Y-axis direction with respect to the Y coordinate and has been rotated clockwise by θ _O , an arbitrary point (X, The relationship between Y) and an arbitrary point (x, y) on the xy coordinate is given by the following equation.

[0019]

(Equation 1)

Therefore, the relationship between the coordinate value (Q _X , Q _Y ) of the target point Q to be positioned on the XY coordinate and the coordinate value (q _x , q _y ) ≡q on the xy coordinate is It is given by the following equation.

[0021]

(Equation 2)

The handy computer 5 stores the coordinate values (Q _X , Q _Y ) of the target point Q on the XY coordinates.
Are input, and the coordinate values C, D and c, d are compared to calculate X _O , Y _O, and θ _O , and Equation 2
The target point Q is set to a coordinate value (q _x ,
q _y ) An arithmetic program for converting to q is incorporated. Thus, the coordinate value (q _x , q _y ) ≡q is automatically calculated by the handy computer 5, and q _x and q _y are displayed on the display unit provided in the handy computer 5.

The worker 4 visually recognizes the display portions q _x and q _y and notifies the worker 7 holding the transceiver 28 by the transceiver 27 held in the left hand. And Thus, after the acting skilled 7 which is adapted origin is slid in the y-axis scale 25 of the positioning device 8 the y-axis scale 25 is in the position of the scale q _x in the x-axis scale 17, the screw 26 The y-axis scale 25 is fixed by tightening. Then, when the scale q _y on the y-axis scale 25 is read, the point q≡ (q _x , q _y ) is the target point Q. Thus, the positioning of the target point Q is completed in a short time. It can be performed. Further, it is not necessary for the user to have a certain skill level as in the prior art, and anyone can perform the positioning with high accuracy by a simple operation. Further, the handy computer 5 only needs to have a function of performing arithmetic processing based on predetermined data, and does not require a control function unlike Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 5-281525, which was previously proposed by the applicant. Is enough,
Not only can it be small and light, but there is no need to secure a power supply. Similarly, since the positioning device 8 is of a manual type and has only a simple mechanical structure without a drive motor or the like as in the above-mentioned patent application, no power source is required, and it is small, lightweight and portable. Good, easy to manufacture, and can greatly reduce costs.

Note that the xy coordinates need not necessarily be on the same plane as the XY coordinates, and the planes formed by the two coordinates may be parallel to each other. That is, when the positioning device 8 is mounted so as to be parallel to the surface horizontal plane, the levels of the known points A and B and the target point Q are different, as is well known in the conventional positioning survey. However, the target point Q can be positioned and measured. In this embodiment, the survey result of the total station 3 is automatically inputted to the handy computer 5 via the cable 6. However, another simple surveying means such as a lightwave distance meter or a transit is used. The measurement may be manually performed, and the measurement result may be manually input to the handy computer 5 by the operator 4. Further, depending on the distance between the worker 4 and the worker 7, the transceiver 27,
The coordinate values (q _x , q _y ) may be reported by real voice without using 28, and the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and Naturally, the modified ones are also covered.

[0025]

As described in detail in the above embodiment, the present invention converts a target point into coordinate values on two-dimensional relative coordinates created by a positioning device based on survey data obtained by surveying means. The position of the target point is configured by reading the coordinate values on two mutually perpendicular scales of the positioning device. Therefore, positioning and surveying can be performed easily and with high accuracy in a very short time, irrespective of the skill level of the operator. In addition, since the arithmetic means only needs to execute the arithmetic program based on the predetermined data, it can be formed compact and handy, and the power consumption is very small, so that it can operate sufficiently with the battery and connect the power cord separately. No need. In addition, the positioning device has a simple configuration including a positioning target and a scale, not only does not require a power source but also can be reduced in size and weight, and can be provided easily and inexpensively.

Further, the positioning device is provided with positioning targets at the left and right ends of the horizontal axis, and the vertical axis scale is formed so as to be slidable left and right with respect to the horizontal axis scale, so that the surveying accuracy is improved as much as possible. In addition, the present invention has various effects, such as a very simple and quick reading of the coordinate value of the target point.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention and is an explanatory diagram thereof.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a relative relationship between each coordinate and each point.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the positioning device in FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 2, 12, 13 mirror 3 total station 4, 7 worker 5 handy computer 6 cable 8 positioning device 17 x-axis scale 25 y-axis scale 27, 28 transceiver XY two-dimensional absolute coordinates xy two-dimensional relative coordinates A , B Known point C, D The point where the mirror of the positioning device is located on the XY coordinate c, d The point where the mirror of the positioning device is located on the XY coordinate P The point where the total station is located Q On the XY coordinate The target point on the q xy coordinate

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-62-19712 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01C 15/00-15/14

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A surveying method for positioning a target point based on two known points on two-dimensional absolute coordinates.
The reference target is provided at each of the known points, the surveying means is provided at an arbitrary point on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates, and the positioning device having the positioning targets disposed at two predetermined positions is moved to the vicinity of the target point. Placed on any point of, and
The positioning device forms two-dimensional relative coordinates by having two scales orthogonal to each other, and further includes coordinate values of the two known points and the target point on the two-dimensional absolute coordinates and the two-dimensional relative coordinates. By providing an arithmetic unit to which the coordinate values of the points where the two positioning targets are arranged on the dimensional relative coordinates are input, the surveying unit measures the two reference targets and adds the survey result to the survey result. The position of the surveying means is calculated by the calculating means on the basis of the two positioning targets, and the two positioning targets are measured by the surveying means. By calculating the coordinate value of the target point and reading the coordinate value with two mutually perpendicular scales of the positioning device, Position surveying method characterized in that for positioning of the point. 2. The positioning device according to claim 1, wherein a positioning target is provided at each of left and right ends of a horizontal axis, and is formed so as to be slidable left and right with respect to a vertical axis scale. A positioning device used in the positioning method described in the above.