JP3090987B2 - Tuning device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tuning apparatus, and more particularly, to a semitone with respect to a reference pitch of an open string, such as when tuning to a semitone or a pitch one tone lower than the reference pitch. The present invention relates to a tuning device that simplifies an operation for tuning to a pitch having a height in units.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, as a tuning method for guitars used by guitarists such as heavy metal and hard rock, each string is tuned at a pitch which is a semitone or one tone lower than a reference pitch at a fundamental pitch of each open string of the guitar. There is a method called flat tuning. This flat tuning is a method to ease string choking and vibrato by tuning a semitone or one tone lower than normal open string tuning, thereby facilitating intense choking and vibrato. This tuning method is extremely suitable for music genres such as heavy metal and hard rock that use playing techniques.

On the other hand, a conventional tuning apparatus extracts a pitch of an input signal based on a string of a stringed instrument such as a guitar, and displays the pitch by using a pitch name (C) corresponding to the pitch of the input signal. , A, D, D #, etc.) as well as the deviation from the reference pitch. For this reason, for example, when performing flat tuning to a pitch that is a semitone lower than the reference pitch of the open string fundamental pitch, the tuner using the tuning device displays the basic pitch of each open string on the display unit of the tuning device. It was tuned so that the pitch name which was lowered by a semitone from the pitch name of was displayed.

[0004]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional tuning apparatus, it is necessary for the tuner of the stringed instrument to be familiar with the pitch name which is a semitone lower than the pitch name of the basic pitch of each open string. For beginners who are not accustomed to the correspondence between open strings and pitch names, there has been a problem that tuning work has been difficult.

[0005] That is, when tuning a guitar by using a conventional tuning apparatus, for example, when tuning an open string from a fundamental pitch of an open string to a pitch having a pitch in semitone units,
Change the amount of change in semitones by the pitch name of the open string basic pitch (for example,
The pitch name of the basic pitch of the fifth open string is “A”. ), It is necessary to convert the open string note name by adding or subtracting to obtain a desired note name and perform tuning. That is, to tune the fifth string of the guitar by lowering the pitch by a semitone from the open pitch basic pitch, the pitch name “G #” which is a semitone lower than the pitch name “A” of the fifth open pitch basic pitch In search of, he was tuning.

However, a stringed musical instrument has a plurality of strings stretched (for example, a guitar has six strings). It was necessary to perform open string note name conversion work. That is, it is necessary to obtain an open string name conversion table as shown in FIG. 7, and for a beginner who is not accustomed to the correspondence between open strings and note names,
There was a problem that the operation was very troublesome.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and has as its object to raise or lower a pitch of a semitone unit with respect to a reference pitch of a basic pitch of each open string. When tuning to a pitch with a pitch, it is possible to tune with the pitch name of the open string basic pitch, as in the case of normal tuning, without the need to change the pitch name in semitone units , So that the relative change amount (semitone, single tone, etc.) between the basic pitch and the pitch to be tuned can be confirmed,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a tuning apparatus that facilitates a work for tuning to a pitch having a pitch in semitone units with respect to a reference pitch of a basic pitch.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, a tuning apparatus according to the present invention extracts a pitch of an audio input signal, determines a deviation from the reference pitch, and displays it. Relative amount setting means for setting a relative amount with respect to; deviation display means for displaying a deviation between the extracted pitch and a reference pitch changed by the relative amount set by the relative amount setting means; and the relative amount setting means. And a note name display means for displaying a note name corresponding to the reference pitch irrespective of the relative amount set by (1).

[0009]

For example, the amount of change in pitch when tuning to a pitch having a pitch in semitone units with respect to the reference pitch is set by the relative amount setting means as a relative amount to the reference pitch, and is extracted by the deviation display means. The deviation between the pitch and the reference pitch changed by the relative amount is displayed, and the note name display means displays the note name corresponding to the reference pitch regardless of the relative amount. Therefore, even when tuning to a pitch having a pitch in semitone units with respect to the reference pitch, tuning can be performed based on the reference pitch and the basic pitch corresponding to the reference pitch.

The relative amount set by the relative amount setting means may be in units of semitones, or may be in units of one sound.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a tuning apparatus according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a tuning apparatus according to the present invention. This tuning apparatus is configured to control the entire operation of the tuning apparatus by using a central processing unit (CPU) 10. Have been. The CPU 10 has, via a bus 12, a read-only memory (R) storing a predetermined program for controlling the entire operation and various data tables required for implementing the present invention described later.
An OM) 14, a random access memory (RAM) 16 as a working memory including various registers and buffers necessary for executing a program, an operator group 18 described later, a display unit 20 described later, An input unit 22 for inputting a signal based on a string of a stringed instrument, and an input unit 2
2 is connected to a waveform shaping circuit section 24 for shaping the waveform of the input signal from the second section.

In the CPU 10, one count is 1 μsec.
Is set, and in each routine to be described later, counting is performed by this counter.

The ROM 14 has an octave table (OCT_TBL) showing the relationship between the octave and a pitch count value described later, as shown in FIG. 2, and the relationship between the pitch name and the pitch count value, as shown in FIG. And a note name table (NOTE_TABLE) indicative of the note name.

The note name table shown in FIG.
As shown in (b), the pitch count value for each note name is 50 cents (cen) from the reference pitch count value.
The value is set to be larger by t). As a result, note names within the range of ± 50 cents around the reference pitch can be displayed.

The operator group 18 is arranged on a display panel 30 of the tuning device shown in FIG. 4, and includes a power switch 32 for turning on / off the entire tuning device and a reference pitch for setting a reference pitch. A setting switch 34; and a relative pitch setting switch 36 for setting a relative pitch, which is the amount of change (relative amount) between the pitch of the reference pitch and the pitch that is raised or lowered by a semitone unit from the pitch of the reference pitch. Contains.

The reference pitch setting switch 34 is, for example,
As reference pitches corresponding to the pitch name “A” of the fifth open string of the guitar, “440 Hz”, “441 Hz”, “44”
"2 Hz", "443 Hz", and "444 Hz" can be set. By setting this reference pitch, the reference pitch for each of the other open strings is automatically set.

The relative pitch setting switch 36 can set a relative pitch with respect to the reference pitch, and includes “one tone lower (−1 tone): one tone flat (b)”,
"Semitone lower (-semitone): semitone flat", "No relative pitch (0): 0", "semitone higher (+ semitone): semitone sharp (#)", and "one tone higher (+1 tone): 1""Soundsharp" can be set. In the present embodiment, the actual value of the relative pitch amount set by the relative pitch setting switch 36 is “single sound flat: +
2, "Semitone flat: +1", "0: 0", "Semitone sharp: -1", and "Single tone sharp: -2".

The display section 20 is disposed on the display panel 30 of the tuning apparatus shown in FIG. 4, and has a tone name display section having a segment for displaying a fundamental tone name and a semitone higher tone (#) of the tone name. 40, a deviation display section 42 for displaying the deviation of the basic pitch from the reference pitch, a reference pitch display section 44 having a segment for displaying the reference pitch set by the reference pitch setting switch 34, and a relative pitch setting switch 36.
And a relative pitch display section 46 having a segment for displaying a relative amount in semitone units with respect to the reference pitch set by.

The waveform shaping circuit section 24 is a known technique, and generally includes a filter circuit, an amplifier circuit, and a comparison circuit.

In the above configuration, the operation of the tuning apparatus will be described for each step with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS.

In the flowchart showing the main routine in FIG. 5, the initial setting routine of step S100 is started and executed by turning on the power switch 32, and various buffers, registers, This is a routine for setting parameters and the like to initial values. When the process in step S100 ends, the process proceeds to step S102.

Step S102 is an operator reading routine. By operating the reference pitch setting switch 34 provided on the display panel 30, for example, in the case of a guitar, the pitch name "A" of the fifth open string is used. ”As reference pitches corresponding to“ 440 Hz ”,“ 441 Hz ”,“ 4
Which reference pitch of “42 Hz”, “443 Hz” or “444 Hz” is selected is read. As for the relative pitch setting switch 36, the relative pitches are "one tone lower (-1 tone): +2", "semitone lower (-semitone): +1", and "do not set relative pitch (0): 0". Which relative pitch is selected, “semitone high (+ semitone): −1” or “one tone high (+1 tone): −2” is read.

Step S104 is a reference pitch setting routine, in which the reference pitch read in step S102 is set in a predetermined register or the like.
As a result, the reference pitch referred to in all routines for operating the tuning device is set. When the process in step S104 ends, the process proceeds to step S106.

Step S106 is a relative pitch setting routine, in which the relative pitch read in step S102 is set in a predetermined register or the like.
As a result, the relative pitch referred to in all routines for operating the tuning device is set. When the process in step S106 ends, the process proceeds to step S108.

Step S108 is a pitch extraction routine for extracting the pitch of the input signal of the open string of the stringed instrument input from the input unit 22 to obtain pitch data (PITCH) consisting of a pitch count value. It is. Since the pitch extraction routine is a known technique, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. First, the input signal input to the input unit 22 is shaped into a rectangular wave by the waveform shaping circuit unit. The square wave after waveform shaping is
The number of microseconds between the rising edge or the falling edge of the square wave is determined by the counter of 10.
c is counted. Since one count is 1 μsec, the counter of the CPU 10 sets the counted data of one cycle time as a pitch count value and sets it as pitch data. When the process in step S108 ends, the process proceeds to step S110.

Step S110 is a pitch name acquisition processing routine. First, the pitch data obtained in step S108 and the data of the octave table set in the ROM 14 are searched for which octave the pitch data is in. Acquire octave data (OCTAVE). Based on the obtained octave data, the pitch data is added by an octave to normalize the pitch data to the lowest octave, and the lowest octave normalized data (K
_PITCH). The pitch name of the pitch data is searched based on the obtained lowest octave normalized data and the data of the pitch name table set in the ROM 14, and the pitch name data (NOTE) is obtained. If the relative pitch has not been set in step S106, the pitch name data is set as the pitch name data to be displayed. On the other hand, if the relative pitch is set in step S106, the set relative amount in semitone units is added to the note name data to obtain note name data to be displayed. Step S110
Is completed, the process proceeds to step S112.

Step S112 is a routine for calculating a deviation from the reference pitch. The reference pitch set in step S104 is compared with the pitch data obtained in step S108, and a deviation from the reference pitch is calculated. . Since this routine is a known technique, a detailed description will be omitted. Step S11
When the process of No. 2 is completed, the process proceeds to step S114.

Step S114 is a display routine. Based on the note name data to be displayed obtained in step S110, the corresponding note name segment of the note name display section 40 is lit and displayed. In the display routine of step S114, the corresponding segment of the reference pitch display section 46 is turned on based on the reference pitch set in step S104, and the relative pitch is displayed based on the relative pitch obtained in step S106. The corresponding segment of the section 48 is turned on. Further, step S11
The deviation from the reference pitch obtained in Step 2
Is driven and displayed. When the processing in step S114 ends, the main routine ends.

In the above main routine, step S110, the pitch name acquisition processing routine forms the gist of the present invention.
This will be described in more detail. That is, in this pitch name acquisition processing routine, a pitch name to be displayed on the pitch name display section 40 is obtained from the pitch data obtained in step S108.

First, in step S200, the value of the number (n) used in the octave table and the note name table is set to "0". When the process in step S200 ends, the process proceeds to step S202.

In step S202, step S108
It is determined whether or not the pitch data obtained in step 2 is larger than the pitch count value corresponding to the value of the number in the octave table. If the determination result is negative (NO), that is, if the pitch data is smaller than the pitch count value corresponding to the value of the number in the octave table, step S
Proceed to 204. On the other hand, the judgment result is affirmative (YES),
That is, if the pitch data is larger than the pitch count value corresponding to the value of the number in the octave table, the process proceeds to step S300.

In step S204, the value of the number is "1".
Is only incremented. When the processing in step S204 ends, the process proceeds to step S206.

In step S206, step S204
It is determined whether or not the value of the incremented number is smaller than “7”. This judgment result is affirmative (YE
S), that is, if the value of the number is smaller than “7”, the process returns to step S202. Accordingly, until the result of the determination in step S202 becomes affirmative, the value of the number is within a range from "0" to "7" (in the octave table, the value of the number is "0", "1", "2"). ,
“3”, “4”, “5”, and “6”. )
Step S202, step S204, and step S2
06 will be repeated. On the other hand, if the result of this determination is negative, that is, if the value of the number is greater than “7”, the flow proceeds to step S208.

In step S208, processing outside the octave range is performed, and a data name error is detected and the pitch name acquisition processing routine ends.

As described above, if the result of the determination in step S202 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S300, where the octave value corresponding to the value of the number is set as octave data. When the process of step S300 ends, the process proceeds to step S302.

In step S302, step S300
In order to normalize the pitch data to the lowest octave based on the octave data obtained in (1), the pitch data is added by an octave, and the lowest octave normalized data is calculated. When the processing of step S302 is completed, step S302
Proceed to 304.

In step S304, the value of the number is
Set to "0". When the processing in step S304 ends, the process proceeds to step S306.

In step S306, step S302
It is determined whether or not the lowest octave normalized data obtained in step (1) is larger than the pitch count value corresponding to the value of the number in the tone name table. If the judgment result is negative (NO),
That is, if the lowest octave normalized data is smaller than the pitch count value corresponding to the value of the number in the tone name table, the process proceeds to step S308. On the other hand, if the result of this determination is affirmative (YES), that is, if the lowest octave normalized data is larger than the pitch count value corresponding to the value of the number in the tone name table, the flow proceeds to step S400.

In step S308, the value of the number is "1".
Is only incremented. When the process in step S308 ends, the process proceeds to step S310.

In step S310, step S308
It is determined whether the incremented value of the number is smaller than “12”. This judgment result is affirmative (Y
ES), that is, if the value of the number is smaller than “12”, the process returns to step S306. Therefore, step S30
Until the judgment result in No. 6 becomes affirmative, the number value is within a range from "0" to "12" (in the pitch name table, the number value is "0", "1",
"2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7",
“8”, “9”, “10”, and “11”. ), The processes of step S306, step S308, and step S310 are repeated. On the other hand, if the result of this determination is negative, that is, if the value of the number is greater than “12”, the flow proceeds to step S312.

In step S312, the pitch name out-of-range processing is performed, and the pitch name acquisition processing routine ends as a data error.

As described above, if the result of the determination in step S306 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S400, where the value of the pitch name corresponding to the value obtained by subtracting "1" from the value of the number is set as the pitch name data. Is set. When the process of step S400 ends, the process proceeds to step S402.

In step S402, step S402
If the determination result in 306 is positive, the value of the number is
It is determined whether it is smaller than “0”. If this determination result is affirmative, that is, if the value of the number when the determination result in step S306 is affirmative is smaller than “0”, the process proceeds to step S404.

In step S404, the out-of-string number range process is performed, and the tone name obtaining process routine ends as a data error.

If the result of the determination in step S402 is negative, that is, if the result of the determination in step S306 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S406 if the value of the number is greater than "0".

In step S406, step S106
It is determined whether or not the relative pitch has been set. If the result of this determination is negative, that is, if the relative pitch has not been set in step S106, the sound of the number corresponding to the value of this note name data is determined based on the note name data and the note name table obtained in step S400. The tone name acquisition processing routine ends with the tone name as the acquired tone name. Thereafter, the acquired note name is displayed in step S114. On the other hand, if the result of this determination is affirmative, that is, if the relative pitch has been set in step S106, the flow proceeds to step S408.

In step S408, step S400
Is added to the pitch name data obtained in step S106, and the relative pitch amount in semitone units set in step S106 is added, and new pitch name data is set. Based on the pitch name table, the value of the new pitch name data corresponds to The tone name acquisition processing routine is ended with the tone name of the number to be set as the acquired tone name. Thereafter, the acquired note name is displayed in step S114.

Next, an operation example of the tuning apparatus of the present invention will be described. In this operation example, a case will be described in which, in a general 6-string guitar, the reference pitch is set to “442 Hz”, and tuning is performed by a semitone lower than the reference pitch. Since the procedure of the tuning operation is the same for all six strings, only the tuning of the fifth string whose fundamental pitch of the open string is "A" will be described, and the description of the other strings will be omitted. And

First, the reference pitch setting switch 34 is operated (step S102), and the reference pitch is set to "442H".
z ”(step S104). Next, the relative pitch setting switch 36 is operated to set “−semitone: +1” in order to set the amount of change relative to the reference pitch to be a semitone lower.
Is selected (step S102) and set (step S106). At this time, the “442 Hz” segment of the reference pitch display section 46 and the relative pitch display section 48
Is turned on (step S1).
14). The fifth string of the guitar is struck by an open string and tuned so that the note name “A” in the note name display section 40 lights up.
When the pitch name “A” is turned on, this fifth string is set to the pitch name “G #: n = 8” (step S).
108, step S110, step S114). That is, the pitch name corresponding to the pitch of the open string actually being struck is “G #: n = 8”, but the change amount is “− semitone:
Since “+1” has been set, this change amount (+1) is added to the pitch name “G #: n = 8” (n = 8 + 1), and “A:
n = 9 "is displayed (step S40).
8).

[0051]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

Even when performing tuning that changes in semitone units with respect to the reference pitch, the relative amount to the reference pitch that can be arbitrarily set in semitone units can be set, so that the pitch name can be changed without changing the reference pitch. Since a search can be performed and a relative amount can be added to the pitch name for display, the tuning can always be performed based on the pitch name corresponding to the reference pitch. Therefore,
Even when tuning is performed with a semitone lower than the pitch name of the open string basic pitch, the tuning can always be performed based on the pitch name of the open string basic pitch.

The setting of the reference pitch and the relative amount are performed separately, and the reference pitch can be set independently. For example, when tuning to the piano pitch with a string instrument such as a guitar, for example, the pitch of the piano Is 442 Hz, the amount of change in pitch in semitone units is set further from the tuning in which the reference pitch is set to 442 Hz, so that the pitch can be changed without affecting the reference pitch.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a tuning device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an octave table.

FIG. 3A is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a pitch name table, and FIG. 3B is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a reference pitch and a pitch count value corresponding to a pitch name.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a display panel of the tuning device.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a main routine.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a pitch name acquisition processing routine.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an open string name conversion table for guitar tuning.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 10 CPU 12 bus 14 ROM 16 RAM 18 operator group 20 display unit 22 input unit 24 waveform shaping circuit unit 30 display panel 32 power switch 34 reference pitch setting switch 36 relative pitch setting switch 40 note name display unit 42 deviation display unit 44 reference Pitch display 46 Relative pitch display

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G10G 7/02

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A tuning apparatus for extracting a pitch of an audio input signal and determining and displaying a deviation from a reference pitch, a relative amount setting means for setting a relative amount with respect to a reference pitch, Deviation display means for displaying a deviation from the reference pitch changed by the relative amount set by the amount setting means; and a note name corresponding to the reference pitch regardless of the relative amount set by the relative amount setting means. A tuning device having a note name display means. 2. The tuning device according to claim 1, wherein the relative amount set by the relative amount setting means is a semitone unit.