JP3090409B2 - Method and apparatus for designing three-dimensional shape using computer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for designing a three-dimensional shape using a computer .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, when handling three-dimensional image information using a computer, the three-dimensional coordinates of each point in an image are expressed by three-dimensional coordinates.
Stored as a set. In other words, if the image plane is the XY plane and the height direction is the Z direction, (X, Y, Z)
The image information is stored in the storage means in a set.
However, if image information is handled in such a form, when performing processing such as enlargement / reduction, rotation, and the like, complicated operations are required for all points in the image, and a huge amount of processing time is required. . In addition, since data is frequently transferred to and from a storage device for this type of processing, a storage device such as a hard disk cannot be used to speed up the processing. Is necessary.

[0003] Therefore, it has been considered to approximate image information having a three-dimensional shape by using a large number of simple three-dimensional solids (generally a polyhedron). If this technique is applied, all three-dimensional coordinates are considered. Can be reduced as compared with the case where is stored in the storage unit as a triple. However,
If the image of the object has a fine-grained texture, the number of approximate solids becomes enormous, and the amount of information cannot be reduced sufficiently.

On the other hand, when creating a three-dimensional image having a texture of irregular and complicated irregularities such as the surface of a tree or a stone, the three-dimensional image obtained by roughly approximating the irregularities with the above-mentioned small solid is used. A method is also known in which a frame model or a surface model is created and a texture of a two-dimensional image obtained by imaging an actual object is attached to the surface of the model.

[0005]

However, conventionally,
It is only to design a three-dimensional shape from the three-dimensional data, and does not take out a part of the three-dimensional data and correct it to a predetermined shape. For example, in the three-dimensional data created by the above method, a polyhedron is frequently used Therefore, when an operation such as affine transformation is applied to three-dimensional data, it is necessary to determine which surface of each polyhedron is included in the region to be operated, and to perform a conversion process on each surface. As a result, the processing is complicated and takes time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to extract only a desired part from three-dimensional data without approximating the three-dimensional data with a polyhedron and to perform conversion to obtain a comparison. Processing can be performed at a practical speed even with very small memory resources 3
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for designing a three-dimensional shape.

[0007]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a desired one is selected from three-dimensional data in which each point on a plane defined by image information has height information. be stored and cut out a portion of the as a design area in memory
A first step that, a second process of creating a new three-dimensional data by three-dimensional data of the design area stored in memory by performing a predetermined conversion corrected to a predetermined shape,
And outputting a graphic visualizing the three-dimensional data created in the second step.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, a design area is cut out from three-dimensional data by designating a desired range in the plane in the first step. According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the transformation in the second step is an affine transformation on the plane.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first or the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of design areas are cut out in the first step, and at least a part of each design area is converted in the second step. While overlapping on a plane,
The conversion is such that the load sum of the height information of each design area is used as new height information. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, the conversion in the second step is performed by extracting a height component having a predetermined range of spatial frequencies by a spatial filter and using the extracted height component as new height information. It has been converted.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, the transformation in the second step is performed by smoothing the height component of the design area and smoothing the height from the original three-dimensional data. The conversion is such that the height component obtained by subtracting the component is used as new three-dimensional data. According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, the transformation in the second step is performed by setting a local deformation region in the design region and setting the center of the local deformation region to the peak of the Gaussian distribution curve. Is set, and the height calculated based on the Gaussian distribution curve is used as a conversion to be used for new height information in the local deformation region.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the first to seventh aspects, an upper limit value and a lower limit value are set in the converted height information in the second step, and the converted height information is set. Among them, the portion exceeding the upper limit value employs the upper limit value, and the portion less than the lower limit value employs the lower limit value. According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect or the second aspect of the present invention, the conversion in the second step is performed such that the maximum value and the minimum value of the height information of the design area are the upper limit value of the height information set in advance. And the lower limit value are converted so that the change width of the height information of the design area is enlarged or reduced.

According to a tenth aspect, in the first or second aspect, coloring and ray tracing are performed on the graphic visualized in the third step. According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect, the color and the reflectance of the member to be designed are set in the third step, and the visualized figure is colored with the color and the reflectance is used by using the reflectance. Perform ray tracing.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the first or the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of design areas are cut out in the first step, and the design areas are arranged so that their boundaries are in close contact with each other. In the conversion process, the height on a line connecting two points included in each of the design regions that are apart from each other and adjacent to each other is set to be adjacent to each other in the connection region that is set so as to include the seam formed between the adjacent design regions. The conversion is adopted as the height near the seam of the design area.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the first or the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of design areas are cut out in the first step, and the design areas are arranged such that their boundaries are in close contact with each other. The transformation in the process is performed by changing the height on a straight line connecting each point on the seam in one adjacent design area and the specific point corresponding to each point apart from the seam in the other design area to the seam. The conversion is adopted as the height of the neighborhood.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the first or the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of design areas are cut out in the first step, and the design areas are arranged such that their boundaries are closely attached to each other. The conversion in the process is a conversion that adopts a height on a straight line that is separated from the seam in both adjacent design areas and that connects specific points associated with each other as a height near the seam.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the first or the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of design areas are cut out in the first step, and the design areas are arranged so as to be in close contact with the boundary line. The transformation in the process is performed by calculating the height on a straight line connecting each point on the seam in one adjacent design area and the specific point corresponding to each point apart from the seam in the other design area and the two points. The conversion adopts the height obtained by adding the height of each point between them.

According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the first or the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of design areas are cut out in the first step, and the design areas are arranged so as to be in close contact with a boundary line. The transformation in the process adopts the height obtained by adding the height on the straight line connecting the specific points associated with each other apart from the seam in both adjacent design areas and the height of each point between both ends. You have to convert.

According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, in the first or the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of design areas are cut out in the first step and the respective design areas are arranged. After adding an offset value to one of the design areas so that the average of the heights of the two design areas match, the change in height from each of the design areas to each of the other design areas is plotted along a Gaussian distribution curve. In addition, the conversion is made such that the heights near the boundary between both design areas are continuous.

An eighteenth aspect of the present invention is a design device for a three-dimensional shape, in which each point on a plane defined by image information is
An output device consisting of a display for visualizing and displaying three-dimensional data with height information, and a desired part from the three-dimensional data visualized on the screen of the output device as a design area an input device for indicating a conversion according to any one of claims 3 to 17 as well as specifying a memory for storing three-dimensional data of the design area,
3D data of the design area specified by the input device
Is stored in the memory, and 3 stored in the memory is stored.
And facilities the transformations instructed fetches the dimensional data, a high display visualized by the image processing to the output device the converted result
And a data processing unit .

[0020]

SUMMARY OF According to the method of the invention of claim 1, stored in the memory to cut out a 3-dimensional data as a design area of the desired portion from the three-dimensional data without approximated by polyhedrons,
By performing a predetermined conversion on the design area stored in the memory and correcting it to a predetermined shape to create new three-dimensional data, the content of the conversion process is compared with a case where the three-dimensional shape is approximated by a polyhedron. It becomes simple and the throughput is greatly reduced. As described above, if the processing is simplified, the work area is reduced. As a result, high-speed processing can be performed even with a relatively small-capacity memory resource.

The method according to the second aspect of the present invention is a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, in which a design area is cut out from three-dimensional data by designating a desired range in a plane, and height information is stored. The design area can be specified in the state. In the method according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the affine transformation in the plane is performed on the shape cut out in the first step, variation can be given to the three-dimensional data of the design area while performing simple processing.

In the method according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the height information obtained by weighting the height information of the plurality of design areas and adding the obtained height information is used as new height information. The shape can be reflected according to the weighting ratio, and a complex uneven shape having a texture that does not actually exist can be realized.

In the method according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a height component having a predetermined range of spatial frequencies is extracted from the design area through a spatial filter. In the case of having unevenness, by passing through a spatial filter, it becomes possible to remove the low-frequency spatial frequency component that becomes gentle unevenness from the three-dimensional data. As a result, it is possible to create three-dimensional data that includes only high-frequency spatial frequency components (that is, consists of fine undulations).
Thus, by extracting a portion having a desired spatial frequency from the three-dimensional data, variations can be given to the finally obtained three-dimensional data.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a new three-dimensional data is obtained by smoothing a height component of a design area and subtracting the smoothed height component from the original three-dimensional data. This means that the low-frequency component has been substantially removed from the original three-dimensional data, and it is possible to obtain three-dimensional data that does not have gentle undulations but has only fine undulations when visualized.

According to the method of the present invention, a local deformation area is set in the design area, a Gaussian distribution having a center of the local deformation area as a peak of the Gaussian distribution curve is set, and along the Gaussian distribution curve. Since the height is used for new height information in the local deformation region, the height and half-value width of the Gaussian distribution curve can be appropriately set so that the curve is continuous with the peripheral shape of the local deformation region without a sense of incongruity. In other words, it is possible to smooth a portion where the change in unevenness is large locally in the design area, or to increase the unevenness conversely.
Variations can be given to dimensional data.

In the method according to the present invention, an upper limit value and a lower limit value are set in the height information after the conversion in the second process for the design area, and the portion of the height information after the conversion that exceeds the upper limit value is set. Adopts the upper limit value, and uses the lower limit value for the portion less than the lower limit value, so that the thickness of the finally visualized form can be kept within a specified dimension. For example, when designing architectural boards such as wall panels and ceiling panels, the minimum thickness dimension is regulated due to strength requirements, and the maximum thickness dimension is regulated so as not to be too large. Therefore, when designing such a member, the method of the invention according to claim 8 which defines the upper limit value and the lower limit value is useful.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the design is performed such that the maximum value and the minimum value of the height information of the design area coincide with the preset upper and lower limits of the height information, respectively. Since the change width of the height information of the area is enlarged or reduced at a predetermined magnification, the unevenness of the entire shape can be suppressed and smoothed, or the unevenness can be increased, thereby giving variation to the three-dimensional data. In addition, as in the method according to the eighth aspect, the size can be kept within a specified range.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, since coloring and ray tracing are performed on the visualized figure, the texture of the object can be given to the finally obtained and visualized three-dimensional data. Visibility is increased. In particular, as in the invention of claim 11, if the member to be designed is colored with the color of the member and ray-tracing is performed with the reflectance,
It can be made closer to the texture of the member to be designed.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the case where a plurality of design areas are arranged so that boundaries are closely attached to each other, a plurality of design areas are connected in a connection area set to include a joint formed between adjacent design areas. Since the height on the line connecting two points included in the design areas that are separated from each other and adjacent to each other is adopted as the height near the seam of the adjacent design area, the step near the seam between the adjacent design areas is used. The discontinuity caused by the joint can be removed, and the step generated at the joint can be reduced.

The method of the invention according to claims 13 to 17 is a concrete method for removing discontinuities at seams between adjacent design areas. According to the method of claims 15 and 16, the correction is performed while the original shape is preserved, and in the method of claim 17, the height information between adjacent design regions is corrected while maintaining the original shape while maintaining the original shape. Then, the height is converted in accordance with the Gaussian distribution in the connected region including the seam to correct the seam.

An eighteenth aspect of the present invention is a design apparatus for realizing the conversion method according to any one of the second to seventeenth aspects, and by adopting the above conversion method, can design various members in a short time. Can do it.

[0032]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the following embodiment, a case of designing a plate material such as a building plate will be described. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to a plate material, and it is not limited to a plate material. The technical idea of the present invention can be applied. (Embodiment 1) In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, three-dimensional information on the surface of an object 1 such as a plate having an uneven surface is measured by a three-dimensional shape measuring unit 2. The three-dimensional shape measuring unit 2 acquires three-dimensional information by a stereo method using two TV cameras, or projects a spot light or a slit light on the surface of the object 1 and uses the principle of triangulation to obtain three-dimensional information. Well-known ones such as those that obtain dimensional information can be used. Further, it is not necessarily a non-contact type, but may be a contact type having a needle-like probe.
The three-dimensional image information obtained by the three-dimensional shape measurement unit 2 is stored in a frame memory provided in the height data file creation unit 3.

The frame memory stores height information (value in the Z direction) of the object 1 at each address, and
It is associated with a coordinate value in a plane orthogonal to the direction (that is, an XY plane). That is, since image information obtained by imaging the object 1 is stored in the frame memory, the coordinate value of each pixel on the XY plane can be represented by an integer value, and can be used as an address. However, since the area for storing the height information in the frame memory does not always match the area where the coordinate values on the XY plane can be taken, an offset value (x, y) is set in order to match the two areas. The coordinate values (X _n , Y) on the XY plane obtained by the three-dimensional shape measurement unit 2
_n ) (where n = 1, 2, 3,...) and the offset value (x, y) are added to shift the area in the frame memory. That is, the offset value (x, y) is an integer value, and adding the offset value (x, y) is equivalent to shifting by x pixels in the X direction and y pixels in the Y direction. the height of the original 3-dimensional information (Z _n)
With respect to the original coordinates (X _n , Y _n ).
The pixel is shifted by y). In other words, the address (X _{n + x} , Y
_{n + y)} in the height (Z _n) is the is stored. This corresponds to mapping three-dimensional data in a three-dimensional space defined by the height data processing unit 4 described later.

Next, a method of processing the three-dimensional data to create new three-dimensional data will be described. Here, the process of creating new three-dimensional data is performed by a height data processing unit 4 using a microcomputer. The height data processing unit 4 is provided with an input device for performing various instructions described below and three-dimensional data. An output device for outputting as an image is connected. As the input device, a pointing device such as a mouse or a pen tablet is used in addition to the keyboard. As the output device, a printer is provided as necessary in addition to a display such as a CRT. Further, the three-dimensional data newly created in the height data processing unit 4 is stored in the image database 5.

As shown in FIG. 1, first, an address (X _{n + x} , Y _{n + y} ) of a frame memory is specified in order to specify a design area to be edited. Here, the design area is rectangular, and the design area is specified by specifying the coordinates of both ends of one diagonal line. That is, a range of coordinate values on the XY plane (a range of addresses of the frame memory) is specified (S1). Of course, it is also possible to specify an irregular area using a mask or the like. In this way, the three-dimensional data of the design area cut out from the original three-dimensional data is temporarily stored in a three-dimensional data memory as a work area provided in the height data processing unit 4 (S2). The cutout operation is performed by manually selecting an area using a keyboard or a pointing device as an input device while viewing the screen of a display, which is an output device provided in the height data processing unit 4. Next, various conversions are performed on the cut-out design area as needed (S3), and new three-dimensional data is created (S4). Since the three-dimensional data is visualized and displayed on the screen of the display, the operator can confirm the design. The visualized figure is also output to a printer as needed.

In FIG. 1, the conversion applied to the design area is
For example, the procedure is as shown in FIG. That is, first, affine transformation is performed on the design area (S1). The affine transformation means to freely perform parallel movement, rotation, enlargement, and reduction in a three-dimensional space with respect to the cut out design region. Next, the design area is arranged on a shape having the size and shape of a member to be newly created (for example, a plate material such as a building plate) (S2). The height after arrangement is obtained by adding the height of the plane and the height of the design area (S3). As described above, while viewing the graphic of the original three-dimensional data displayed on the display and the graphic of the three-dimensional data subjected to conversion such as affine transformation,
It is possible to cut out and convert the design area until a desired shape is obtained.

Here, in the case of designing a board, if a design area having a desired shape is obtained as described above, the desired design area on the screen having the dimensions and shape of the board to be designed is obtained. Paste the design area at the position of. The design areas to be pasted on the design area need not be the same, and design areas of various shapes are pasted on the design area as needed, and the design area is filled with the design area. This concept is illustrated in FIG. In FIG. 4, a design area E ₁ ′ obtained by performing rotation by affine transformation on the design area E ₁ cut out from the three-dimensional data P ₁ is pasted to the design area D, or the design area E in which the three-dimensional data P ₂ is reduced. ₂ shows an example where 2 is pasted on the design area D, or the 3D data P ₃ is pasted on the design area D without being edited and used as the design area E ₃ . Here, the design areas E ₁ ′, E ₂ and E ₃ may overlap each other.
Also, pasting means moving to a desired area on the screen of the display for display.

(Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, it is possible to design a plate material having a more complicated uneven shape by using a plurality of design areas in an overlapping manner. In other words, cut out two design area, the points of each design area respectively _{(X a, Y a, Z} a), (X
_b, Y _b, when the Z _b), placing in the design area so as to overlap at least a portion of the X and Y coordinates of each design area. In this case X and Y coordinates height Z _a duplicate pixels, the Z _b, is added after multiplied by the weighting coefficient, respectively (i.e. seek weighted sum), the three-dimensional data such as the value the height create. That is, when the weighting coefficient k, and l, it is to the _{k × Z a + l × Z} b and new height information. Thereafter, if the same processing as in the first embodiment is performed, a complicated shape design that cannot be obtained from only the single target object 1 can be realized.

(Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, an upper limit value and a lower limit value are set for height information of a plate material as a target member to be designed. That is, when the three-dimensional data stored in the frame memory has height information as shown in FIG. 5A, an upper limit value Tu is set in the height information, and a portion exceeding the upper limit value Tu is set to the upper limit value. If the value is set to the value Tu, a flat portion can be formed on the surface of the plate material as shown in FIG. 5B. Therefore, when such a plate material is formed, it is easy to stack and store. If the lower limit value Tl is set in the height information and the portion less than the lower limit value Tl is aligned with the lower limit value Tl, the thickness of the plate material can be maintained at a certain value or more, and the strength of the plate material can be increased to a predetermined value or more. Can be kept.

For setting the upper limit value Tu and the lower limit value Tl, a histogram relating to height information as shown in FIG. 6 is created from three-dimensional data, and an appropriate upper limit value T is determined with reference to the histogram.
If u and the lower limit value Tl are set, the design of the storability and the strength is facilitated as described above. Other processes are the same as in the first embodiment. (Embodiment 4) In this embodiment, a spatial filter capable of extracting a specific frequency component of the spatial frequency of the height information of the three-dimensional data is applied to the three-dimensional data of the frame memory. The effect can be added. In particular, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 7A, when there is a relatively large undulation on the surface of the object 1 used to obtain three-dimensional data, if a low-cut filter is used as a spatial filter,
The undulation can be removed from the height information as shown in FIG. That is, it is possible to extract only the uneven shape from the target object 1 that is different from the plate material and has a relatively fine uneven shape on the curved surface, and apply the extracted uneven shape to the plate material. Other processes are the same as in the first embodiment.

(Embodiment 5) In this embodiment, swelling is removed in the same manner as in Embodiment 4 by smoothing the height information of the design area and calculating the difference from the original three-dimensional data. . That is, when there is a relatively large undulation on the surface of the object 1 used for obtaining the height information as indicated by the broken line in FIG. 7A, the smoothing process is performed on the height of FIG. As shown in FIG. 8 (b), a rectangular area of P × Q points is set on the XY plane with the point (Xi, Yi) at the center, and the average height within the area is calculated as (Xi, Yi). A smoothing process is performed to obtain a three-dimensional shape having no small surface unevenness components as shown in FIG. This processing is for obtaining a moving average in a three-dimensional space, and removes high-frequency components of a spatial frequency. Next, by calculating the difference in height information between the original three-dimensional data and the three-dimensional data smoothed as shown in FIG. 8C, it is possible to remove the undulation as shown in FIG. 8D. . That is, it is possible to extract only the irregular shape from the object 1 that is different from the plate material and has a relatively fine irregular shape on the curved surface.

(Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, the local shape of a figure visualized by three-dimensional data is continued without any discomfort from the surrounding shape. That is, as shown in FIG. 9A, the conversion is performed when unnecessary projections 11 are generated in the three-dimensional data and the projections 11 are to be made inconspicuous.
For this conversion, first, a local deformation region F including the protrusion 11 is designated as a circle, and a Gaussian distribution such that the center of the local deformation region F is a Gaussian distribution peak (100%) and the circumference is 0%. Each height in the created area is represented by the following equation. h ′ = m × (h × g) + min where h ′ is the height after conversion, and m is the sign of a Gaussian distribution, which is negative in the illustrated example. h is the original height, g is (X,
Y) The value of the Gaussian distribution, min is the minimum value in the area. By performing this conversion, a shape as shown in FIG. 9B is obtained.

In the case of a recess instead of the protrusion 11, m may be set to a positive value in order to reduce the amount of recess. Further, if similar conversion is performed on a substantially flat portion, it is possible to create a projection or a depression. (Embodiment 7) In this embodiment, the height of three-dimensional data is enlarged or reduced to increase the degree of unevenness to deform the shape into a deeply carved shape, or to reduce the unevenness to deform the shape closer to a plane. Things.

First, a height histogram is obtained from three-dimensional data as shown in FIG. 11A, as shown in FIG. 11C , and displayed on a display (S1 in FIG. 10). Referring to the maximum value and the minimum value of the histogram, a person inputs the maximum value (maxb) and the minimum value (minb) after the deformation (FIG. 1).
0 S2). The range of the input maximum value and minimum value (that is, the upper limit value and the lower limit value) and the maximum value (max
a), the ratio k of the range of the minimum value (mina) k = (maxb−
minb) / (maxa-mina) is calculated (S1
0), a new height h 'is obtained by applying the following equation to the height h of the design area using the ratio (S11). h ′ = (h−mina) × k + minb As described above, the height change range can be enlarged or reduced to be within the specified range. The height determined in this way
An example of the length h 'is shown in FIG.

(Embodiment 8) In each of the above embodiments,
If a graphic to be displayed on the display after conversion is designated and colored and ray-tracing is performed, the graphic can be displayed on the display with a texture close to the real thing. That is, the design result is easily visible. In addition, when coloring, specify the color corresponding to the material of the target object of the design, and if ray tracing is performed using the reflectance of the surface of the member, it will be displayed on the display with the texture of a more realistic image And the visibility is further improved.

(Embodiment 10) In the above embodiment, it has been assumed that the entire object 1 fits within the visual field of the three-dimensional shape measuring unit 2. However, in the present embodiment, the entire object 1 is included within the visual field. When the three-dimensional shape measurement unit 2 cannot be accommodated and is moved to a plurality of locations, the object 1 is measured for each partial area, and the measured values of the partial areas are combined, or the brightness image is edited as described above. A process for removing discontinuities (steps) occurring in height information between adjacent partial regions or design regions when the designed region is pasted on the design region will be described. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, a height difference occurs at the joint G between the design areas Ea and Eb.
The following processing is performed in order to remove a height difference at a joint between adjacent partial areas and design areas to remove a sense of incongruity.

Now, two design areas Ea and Eb are arranged in the X direction, and two adjacent design areas Ea and Eb are arranged.
a, 3-dimensional coordinates of points on the seam G of Eb, each _{(X a, Y a, Z} a), (X b, Y b, Z b) is assumed to be (provided that, X _a = X _{b , Y a = Y b, Z} a> Z
_b ). Also, as shown in FIG. 13A, the two adjacent design areas Ea and Eb have a step in height,
It is assumed that the height change is relatively small in each of the design areas Ea and Eb. At this time, as shown in FIG. 13B, for one design area Ea, a point (X
_a, Y _a, adopts Z _a) directly, information in different predetermined positions of the point (here the joint G is other design area Eb, point next to the seam _{G (X b + 1, Y} b, Z b )) and the point (X _a on the joint G of one of the design area Ea above, Y _a, bear Z _a) and the height of both design area Ea on this straight line, in the vicinity of the joint G of Eb high Adopted as In this way, the height difference is reduced. Also,
As shown in FIG. 13C, both design areas Ea and Eb
At points away from the seam G (X _a-1 , Y _a ,
If Z _a ) and (X _{b + 1} , Y _b , Z _b ) are connected, the step is further reduced. Here, the design area E
Two adjacent points a and Eb have a distance of a plurality of pixels on a display as an output device. When the height information fluctuates relatively largely as shown in FIG. 14A for both design areas Ea and Eb, FIG.
(B), the point on the seam G for one design area _{Ea (X a, Y a,} Z a) adopted, p pixel from the seam G in the X direction for the other design area Eb as connecting spaced points _{(X b + p, Y b} , Z b) and the point _{(X a, Y a, Z} a) between the change trend of the height at this time is stored. That is, the point (X _{b + p} ,
Y _b, when Z _b) and the point (X _a, Y _a, the original height of each point between the Z _a) is Z _i (however, i = 0,1, ...
..., p), each point _{(X b + i, Y b} , Z i + (p-i)
(Z _a −Z _b ) / p). According to this method, it is possible to reduce the level difference while preserving the change tendency of the height information in the original design area Eb. Further, as shown in FIG. 14C, both design areas Ea,
Together without using a point on the joint G for eb, the midpoint of the height above the seam _{G (X a, Y a,} (Z a +
Z _b) / 2) arranged to pass, the design area Ea, E
It is no point p in the X direction from a joint G for point b at a distance of q points _{(X b + p, Y b} , Z b), (X aq, Y a,
Z _a ). Therefore, both points (X _{b + p} , Y _b , Z _b ) in the original design areas Ea and Eb,
When the height of a point between (X _aq , Y _a , Z _a ) is Z _i (where i = −q,..., −1, 0, 1,...,
p), when each point i <a _{0 (X a + i, Y} a, Z i -
i (Z _a −Z _b ) / 2q), and when i ≧ 0, (X
_{b + i, Y b, Z} i + (p-i) (Z a -Z b) / 2p)
That is.

When part of the two design areas Ea and Eb overlap near the seam G as shown in FIG. 15A, the seam G is provided between the two design areas Ea and Eb.
Mean value of the height Z _a of one design area Ea of AV1 Tomo average value of the height Z _b of one of the design area Eb AV2
The offset is added so that is equal to
A shape as shown in FIG. Next, as shown in FIG. 15C, the element having the narrower range between the maximum value and the minimum value is enlarged by the same method as in the seventh embodiment so that the maximum value and the minimum value are the same. . Finally, a combination rate is set to smooth the connection of the seam G. In the joint region including the seam G shown in FIG. 15D, the synthesis ratio G1 on the design area Ea side gradually decreases from 100% near the seam to 0% as shown in FIG. 15D. The synthesis rate is 100% on the design area Ea side outside this range, and 0% on the design area Eb side.
The portion that changes smoothly near the seam G is set to have a Gaussian distribution curve. Similarly, the combination rate G2 is set. The heights of the design areas Ea and Eb are synthesized using the synthesis rates G1 and G2. The height h ′ after the conversion can be obtained by the following equation, where h1 is the height on the design area Ea side and h2 is the height on the design area Eb side. h ′ = h1 × G1 + h2 × G2 In the above description, if the design area is read as a partial area, the same processing can be performed even on the partial areas, and the connection can be performed so that the joints are not noticeable. Other processes are the same as in the first embodiment.

[0049]

[Effect of the Invention] The invention of claim 1, stored in the memory and cut out a 3-dimensional data as <br/> design area desired portion from the three-dimensional data without approximated by polyhedrons, memory
The new design data is created by applying a predetermined conversion to the design area stored in the file and correcting it to a predetermined shape. Therefore, compared with the case where the three-dimensional shape is approximated by a polyhedron, the content of the conversion processing is simplified. As a result, the processing amount is greatly reduced, and the processing area is reduced by simplifying the processing. As a result, high-speed processing can be performed even with a relatively small-capacity memory resource.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the design area is cut out from the three-dimensional data by designating a desired range in the plane, the design area can be designated with the height information stored. There are advantages. According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the affine transformation in the plane is performed on the shape cut out in the first process, there is an advantage that variation can be given to the three-dimensional data of the design area while performing simple processing.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the height information obtained by weighting the height information of a plurality of design areas and adding the obtained information is used as new height information. This can be reflected according to the weighting ratio, and has the advantage that a complex uneven shape having a texture that does not actually exist can be realized.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since a height component having a predetermined range of spatial frequencies is extracted from a design area through a spatial filter, for example, when the original three-dimensional data is visualized, the surface as a whole has gentle irregularities. In such a case, by passing through a spatial filter, it becomes possible to remove low-frequency spatial frequency components that become gently uneven from the three-dimensional data. As a result, it is possible to create three-dimensional data that includes only high-frequency spatial frequency components (that is, consists of fine undulations). As described above, if a portion having a desired spatial frequency is extracted from the three-dimensional data, there is an advantage that variation can be given to the finally obtained three-dimensional data.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the new three-dimensional data is obtained by smoothing the height component of the design area and subtracting the smoothed height component from the original three-dimensional data. Since the low-frequency component is removed from the data, there is an advantage that when visualized, three-dimensional data having only fine undulations without gentle undulations can be obtained.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a local deformation region is set in the design region, a Gaussian distribution is set with the center of the local deformation region as a peak of the Gaussian distribution curve, and a height along the Gaussian distribution curve is set. Since it is used for new height information in the local deformation region, by appropriately setting the height and half width of the Gaussian distribution curve, it is possible to make the peripheral shape of the local deformation region continuous with the peripheral shape without a sense of incongruity. In other words, there is an advantage that a portion having a large change in unevenness locally in the design area can be smoothed, or conversely, the unevenness can be increased to give variation to the three-dimensional data.

According to the invention of claim 8, an upper limit value and a lower limit value are set in the height information after the conversion in the second process for the design area, and the portion of the height information after the conversion that exceeds the upper limit is set to the upper limit. Since the value is adopted and the lower limit is used for the portion less than the lower limit, there is an effect that the thickness of the finally visualized form can be kept within the specified dimension. Claim 9
According to the method of the invention, the height information of the design area is set such that the maximum value and the minimum value of the height information of the design area respectively match the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the height information set in advance. Since the width of change is enlarged or reduced at a predetermined magnification, the unevenness of the entire shape can be suppressed and smoothed, or the unevenness can be increased to give variation to the three-dimensional data.

The inventions according to claims 8 and 9 are for designing architectural boards such as wall panels and ceiling panels, where the minimum thickness is restricted due to the demand for strength and the thickness increases. This is particularly useful when the maximum thickness dimension is restricted so as not to be too small. According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, since the visualized figure is colored and ray-traced, it is possible to give the texture of the object to the finally obtained and visualized three-dimensional data, and the visibility of the design result is high. There is an advantage that it becomes. In particular, as in the eleventh aspect of the present invention, if the member to be designed is colored with the color of the member to be designed and ray tracing is performed based on the reflectance, the texture of the member to be designed can be made even closer.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, when a plurality of design areas are arranged so that their boundaries are in close contact with each other, a plurality of design areas are connected to each other in a connection area set to include a joint formed between adjacent design areas. Since the height on the line connecting the two points included in the distant and adjacent design areas is adopted as the height near the seam of the adjacent design area,
There is an advantage that a discontinuity due to a step near a joint between adjacent design regions can be removed and a step generated at the joint can be reduced.

The method of the invention according to claims 13 to 17 is a concrete method for removing discontinuities at seams between adjacent design areas. According to the method of claims 15 and 16, the correction is performed while the original shape is preserved, and in the method of claim 17, the height information between adjacent design regions is corrected while maintaining the original shape while maintaining the original shape. Then, the height is converted in accordance with the Gaussian distribution in the connected region including the seam to correct the seam.

According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a design apparatus for realizing the conversion method according to any one of the second to seventeenth aspects, and the design method of various members can be performed in a short time by employing the conversion method. There is an advantage that it can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an operation explanatory diagram of a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an operation when the affine transformation of the first embodiment is performed.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual explanatory diagram of a process according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual explanatory diagram of a third embodiment.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a method of setting upper and lower limit values in a third embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual explanatory diagram of a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual explanatory diagram of a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual explanatory diagram of a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 10 is an operation explanatory diagram of the seventh embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual explanatory diagram of a seventh embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual explanatory view of a step at a seam in the tenth embodiment.

FIG. 13 is an operation explanatory diagram showing a processing procedure at a seam according to the tenth embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating another processing procedure according to the tenth embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a conceptual explanatory diagram of seam correction using a Gaussian distribution according to the tenth embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Object 2 Solid measurement part 3 Height data file creation part 4 Height data processing part 5 Image database

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-8-18086 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G06F 17/50 JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (18)

(57) [Claims] 1. A by cut out a desired portion from the three-dimensional data which gave height information at each point on the plane defined by the image information as <br/> design area first stored in the memory A first process, a second process of creating new three-dimensional data by applying a predetermined conversion to the three-dimensional data of the design area stored in the memory and correcting it to a predetermined shape, and a second process of creating the new three-dimensional data. a computer and having a third step of outputting the visualized figure 3D data
3-dimensional shape design method using. 2. The computer according to claim 1, wherein a design area is cut out from the three-dimensional data by designating a desired range in the plane in the first step.
3-dimensional shape design method using the chromatography data. 3. The three-dimensional design method using a computer according to claim 1, wherein the transformation in the second step is an affine transformation on the plane. 4. A plurality of design areas are cut out in a first step, and in the second step, at least a part of each design area is overlapped on one plane,
3. The method for designing a three-dimensional shape using a computer according to claim 1, wherein the conversion is a conversion using a load sum of height information of each design area as new height information. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conversion in the second step is a conversion in which a height component having a predetermined range of spatial frequencies is extracted by a spatial filter and used for new height information. Item 3 using the computer described in Item 2
How to design a three-dimensional shape. 6. The conversion in the second step, wherein the height component of the design area is smoothed, and the height component obtained by subtracting the smoothed height component from the original three-dimensional data is used as new three-dimensional data. 3. A method for designing a three-dimensional shape using a computer according to claim 1 or claim 2. 7. The transformation in the second step includes setting a local deformation region in the design region, setting a Gaussian distribution having a center of the local deformation region as a peak of the Gaussian distribution curve, and defining the Gaussian distribution curve as 3. The computer according to claim 1, wherein the height is calculated using new height information in the local deformation area.
3-dimensional shape design method of using. 8. An upper limit value and a lower limit value are set for height information after conversion in the second step, and a portion of the height information after conversion that exceeds the upper limit employs the upper limit value, and the lower limit value is used as the lower limit value. 8. The computer- implemented method according to claim 1, wherein a lower limit is adopted as a lower limit.
How to design a three-dimensional shape. 9. The conversion in the second step is performed such that the maximum value and the minimum value of the height information of the design area match the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the preset height information, respectively. 3. The method for designing a three-dimensional shape using a computer according to claim 1, wherein the conversion is a conversion for enlarging or reducing a change width of the height information. 10. The method for designing a three-dimensional shape using a computer according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, coloring and ray tracing are performed on the visualized figure. 11. The third step is characterized in that a color and a reflectance of a member to be designed are set, a visualized figure is colored with the color, and ray tracing is performed using the reflectance. A computer according to claim 10,
3-dimensional shape design method using the data. 12. A plurality of design areas are cut out in a first step, and the respective design areas are arranged such that boundaries are in close contact with each other. In the second step, a transformation formed between adjacent design areas is performed. In a connection area set to include, a transformation that adopts a height on a line connecting two points included in design areas that are separated from each other and adjacent to each other as a height near a joint between adjacent design areas. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
A three-dimensional shape design method using a computer . 13. A plurality of design areas are cut out in a first step, and the respective design areas are arranged such that their boundaries are in close contact with each other. In the second step, conversion on each joint on one of the adjacent design areas is performed. Claims: A conversion that employs a height on a straight line connecting a point and a specific point corresponding to each of the points apart from the seam in the other design area as the height near the seam. Using the computer according to claim 1 or 2
Design method of the three-dimensional shape. 14. A plurality of design areas are cut out in a first step, and the respective design areas are arranged such that their boundaries are in close contact with each other. 3. The three-dimensional shape using a computer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transformation is to adopt the height on a straight line connecting the associated specific points as the height near the seam. Design method. 15. A plurality of design areas are cut out in a first step, and the respective design areas are arranged so that boundaries are in close contact with each other. In the second step, conversion on each joint on one adjacent design area is performed. The height obtained by adding the height on a straight line connecting the point and the specific point corresponding to each of the above points separated from the seam in the other design area and the height of each point between the above two points is obtained. 3-dimensional shape design method using the claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the computer, characterized in that a transformation employed to. 16. A plurality of design areas are cut out in a first step, and the respective design areas are arranged such that their border lines are in close contact with each other. 3. A conversion adopting a height obtained by adding a height on a straight line connecting an associated specific point and the height of each point between both ends. A method for designing a three-dimensional shape using the computer described in the above. 17. A plurality of design areas are cut out in the first step and the respective design areas are arranged, and the conversion in the second step is performed such that an average value of heights of two adjacent design areas is matched. After adding the offset value to the design area of, the change in height from each one of the design areas to the other design area is made to follow the Gaussian distribution curve and the height near the boundary between both design areas is made continuous. 3. A method for designing a three-dimensional shape using a computer according to claim 1 or claim 2. 18. Each point on a plane defined by image information
An output device consisting of a display for visualizing and displaying three-dimensional data with height information, and a desired part from the three-dimensional data visualized on the screen of the output device as a design area An input device for designating and instructing the conversion according to any one of claims 3 to 17, a memory for storing three-dimensional data of a design area,
3D data of the design area specified by the input device
Is stored in the memory, and 3 stored in the memory is stored.
And facilities the transformations instructed fetches the dimensional data, a high display visualized by the image processing to the output device the converted result
And a data processing unit .