JP3068992U - Transformer - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide a transformer which can obtain a large capacity for a small external dimension and requires a small number of parts. SOLUTION: A winding 12 wound a predetermined number of times is arranged on a center leg of a tripod-shaped core 11 having a square frame on the outside and having a center leg at the center, and a longitudinal section is formed on the surface of the winding. Two copper bars 13, 14 whose surfaces are formed in a U-shape with a rectangular shape and whose leading ends are input / output ends are arranged in such a state that the leading ends 13a, 14a protrude outward from the core end face, Further, one lead wire 12a of the winding is connected to the input end T (13a) of one copper bar 13, and the other lead wire 12b is connected to the output end U (14a) of the other copper bar 14. A resin fixing plate 15 having a hole through which the tip of the copper bar penetrates at a position where the tip of the copper bar projects.
Was arranged to penetrate the tip of the copper bar, and the fixing plate was fixed to an iron core to constitute a single-phase two-wire system.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

[Technical field to which the invention belongs]

 The present invention relates to a single-winding type transformer, and particularly to a power saving type transformer having a large output capacity for a small size and a small loss.

[0002]

[Prior art]

For transformers with little voltage difference between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage, autotransformers may be used in the past. As is well known, a single-turn type transformer has only one winding, and taps are formed in the middle of the winding as shown in FIG. Necessary current capacity of the load current I ₂ is only series winding unit, shunt winding part becomes a differential current between input current I ₁ and I _2. For this reason, the current capacity of the shunt winding is reduced, the loss is small, the efficiency is high, and the size can be reduced. Note that P ₀ = (V ₂ −V ₁ ) I ₂ is called self-capacity, and P = V ₂ I ₂ is called load capacity (or rated output).

[0003] For example, when the voltage between the primary windings is increased from 100 V to 105 V, when calculating what percentage of the capacity of the autotransformer is smaller than that of the multiwinding transformer, the rated output is K [ VA], and if the self-capacity is k [VA], k = (105−100) × K / 105 = K × 5/105 ≒ 0.048K That is, 4.8% is sufficient, and the capacity is 95.2% smaller.

As described above, the autotransformer can step up (or step down) a large load capacity with a small capacity, and since the shunt winding is a primary and secondary common winding, there is no leakage magnetic flux. It has the advantages of low leakage reactance and low voltage regulation.

[0005]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

 However, in the conventional autotransformer, both the series winding and the shunt winding are made of copper wire wound around an iron core, so to connect the input / output terminals of these windings to the outside, fix the lead wires. Since an output terminal needs to be provided separately, a large number of parts is required. Also, since the series winding is a coil-shaped winding wound around an iron core with a copper wire, the copper wire diameter cannot be made too large and copper loss increases, resulting in large capacity transformers. In such a case, the external dimensions are inevitably increased accordingly.

An object of the present invention is to provide a transformer which can obtain a large capacity for a small external dimension and requires a small number of parts.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means. In the transformer according to the first aspect, a winding wound a predetermined number of times is arranged on the center leg of a tripod-type core having a square frame on the outside and having a center leg in the center. The two copper bars, each having a longitudinal section formed in a U-shape with a rectangular shape on the surface and each having a tip portion serving as an input / output end, are disposed in such a manner that the tip portions project outward from the core end face, and One lead wire of the winding is connected to the input end of one copper bar, the other lead wire is connected to the output end of the other copper bar, and at the position where the tip of the copper bar protrudes, A resin fixing plate having a hole through which the tip of the copper bar penetrates is disposed to penetrate the tip of the copper bar, and the fixing plate is fixed to an iron core to be configured for a single-phase two-wire system. And

In the transformer according to the present invention, two windings wound a predetermined number of times are arranged on a central leg of a tripod-type core having a rectangular frame on the outside and having a central leg at a central portion. In addition, two copper bars whose longitudinal sections are formed in a U-shape with a rectangular shape on the surface of the winding and whose tips are input / output ends respectively, and whose tips project outward from the end face of the iron core. One of the two winding leads is connected to one of the other windings, and the other lead of each winding is connected to the output end of each copper bar. A resin fixing plate having a hole through which the tip of the copper bar penetrates is disposed at a position where the tip of the copper bar projects, and the tip of the copper bar is penetrated, and the fixing plate is attached. It is characterized by being fixed to an iron core and configured for a single-phase three-wire system.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transformer in which a winding wound a predetermined number of times is arranged on each leg of a tripod-type core having a rectangular frame on the outside and having a central leg at a central portion. The two copper bars, each having a rectangular cross section and a U-shape formed on the surface of each winding, are arranged in such a manner that their tips protrude outward from the end face of the iron core, and one of the copper bars is arranged. The leading end and one leading end of the other copper bar are connected by a connecting bar, the leading end of the other copper bar is used as an input / output end, and one of the three windings is connected to one of the lead wires. The other lead wire of these three windings is connected to the output end of the copper bar of each leg, and a hole through which the end of the copper bar penetrates is provided at the position where the end of the copper bar protrudes. A resin-made fixing plate is arranged to penetrate the tip of the copper bar, and the fixing plate is fixed to an iron core. It is characterized by being configured for a three-phase three-wire system.

[0010]

[Action]

 Since the present invention is configured as described above, the transformers for the single-phase two-wire system, the single-phase three-wire system, and the three-phase three-wire system can be made smaller and have fewer parts than conventional transformers. It is possible to reduce costs.

[0011]

[Embodiment of the invention]

 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 shows an embodiment of a transformer for a single-phase two-wire system according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 1A is a front view of a transformer 10, FIG. 1B is a side view, and FIG. It is. FIG. 3 is a perspective view thereof. In the figure, reference numeral 11 denotes a tripod-shaped iron core formed in a rectangular frame shape on the outside and having a central leg at a central portion, and is formed by stacking cold-rolled silicon steel sheets. Reference numeral 12 denotes a winding wound around the center leg of the iron core 11, and has a predetermined number of turns as described later. Reference numerals 13 and 14 denote copper bars, which are formed by bending a rectangular copper wire having a rectangular cross section in a substantially U shape and superimposing a plurality of the copper wires. The coil 12 is disposed so as to sandwich the winding 12 so as to protrude outward.

A fixing plate 15 made of a polyamide resin having a hole through which the tip of the copper bar penetrates is provided at a position where the tip 13a, 14a of the copper bar 13, 14 protrudes. The copper bar tips 13a and 14a penetrate therethrough, and the fixing plate 15 is fixed to a frame 17 of the iron core 11 by a fixing bracket 16. The copper bars 13 and 14 are positioned by the fixing plate 15 so as not to shift. The winding 12 functions as a shunt winding. One of the lead wires 12a is connected to the output terminal (U) 13a of the copper bar 13, and the other lead wire 12b is connected to the input terminal (T) of the copper bar 14. 14a. This is shown in a circuit diagram as shown in FIG. The copper bar 13 serves as a series winding, and the number of turns is 0.5 ≦ n <1.

The number of turns of the winding 12 corresponds to the number of turns of the copper bar 13 based on the following transformer specifications. Operating frequency: 50/60 Hz Number of phases: single-phase two-wire type Rated capacity: 280 KVA Self capacity: 10.8 KVA Rated primary voltage: 208 V Rated secondary voltage: 200 V Rated primary current: 1346 A Rated secondary current: 1400 A This transformer 10 Is a 4% step-down type transformer. Depending on the connection method between the windings 12 and the copper bars 13 and 14, it can be changed to a step-up type.

Next, an embodiment in which the transformer according to the present invention is used for a single-phase three-wire system will be described.

The transformer 10 in this embodiment is almost the same in appearance as that for the single-phase two-wire system, but instead of the winding 12 in FIG. 1 and FIG. The wires 12, 22 are wound around the center leg of the iron core 11, and one of the lead wires 12b of the winding 12 is connected to the lead wire 22a of the other winding 22, as shown in FIG. The other lead wires 12a, 22b of the winding are connected to the output terminals (U, V) 13a, 14a of both copper bars 13, 14, respectively (FIGS. 1 (a), (c) and 3). Then, the output terminal V is indicated by a dashed line). The specifications of the transformer 10 are as follows. Working frequency: 50/60 Hz Number of phases: Single-phase three-wire system Rated capacity: 280 KVA Self capacity: 10.8 KVA Rated primary voltage: 208 V Rated secondary voltage: 100 V × 2 Rated primary current: 1346 A Rated secondary current: 1400 A The transformer 10 is also an approximately 4% step-down type transformer.

Next, data comparing the power consumption when using this step-down type single-phase three-wire transformer and when not using it in a single-phase three-wire 200 V distribution line are shown below. However, since large retail stores were targeted for measurement, both measurements could not be performed at the same date and time, and the date and time were shifted, so it would not be perfect comparison data, but it would be possible to grasp trends. When using a transformer, the neutral conductor does not pass through the transformer. Measuring instrument used: SOUHOU Corporation PW04K 2-channel power monitoring device (with printer) Without transformer, for 6 days from 1999.18.18 to 1999.8.23, from 0:00 to 23:00 every hour Tables 1 and 2 show the measured instantaneous power values (kW) for channels 1 and 2 (104 V each).

[0017]

[Table 1]

[0018]

[Table 2]

[0019] Similarly, in the case where there is a transformer, from 1999.8.25 to 1999. Tables 3 and 4 show Channels 1 and 2 (100V each) for 6 days on 08.30.

[Table 3]

[0020]

[Table 4]

A summary of these results is shown in Table 5 for channel 1 and in Table 6 for channel 2.

[0022]

[Table 5]

[0023]

[Table 6]

As shown in Table 5, in channel 1, the difference between the absence of the transformer and the presence of the transformer is reduced by 12.74% in the instantaneous value of the power by introducing the transformer. In the case of No. 2, as shown in Table 6, the saving was 13.68%.

Next, an embodiment in which the transformer according to the present invention is used for a three-phase three-wire system will be described. 4 shows an embodiment of a three-phase three-wire transformer according to the present invention. FIG. 4 (a) is a front view of the transformer 30, (b) is a side view, and (c) is a plan view. It is. In the figure, reference numeral 31 denotes a tripod-shaped iron core formed in a rectangular frame shape on the outside and having a center leg in the center, and is formed by stacking cold-rolled silicon steel sheets. 32, 33 and 34 are windings wound around each leg of the iron core 31, and have a predetermined number of turns as described later. Further, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, and 40 are copper bars, each of which is formed by bending a rectangular copper wire having a rectangular cross section in a substantially U-shape and superimposing a plurality of the copper wires. , 36a, 37a, 38a, 39a, 40a are arranged so as to be sandwiched on the surfaces of the windings 32, 33, 34 in a state of protruding outward from the end face of the iron core 31, and the copper bars 35, 36 are disposed above and below the windings 32. The copper bars 37 and 38 are arranged above and below the winding 33, and the copper bars 39 and 40 are arranged above and below the winding 34, respectively.

One end of each of the tips 35 a and 36 a of the copper bars 35 and 36 is connected by a connection bar 41, and the other end is an input terminal R and an output terminal U. Similarly, one ends of the tip portions 37a, 38a of the copper bars 37, 38 are connected by a connection bar 42, and the other ends are an input terminal S and an output terminal V. One end of each of the tip portions 39a and 40a of the copper bars 39 and 40 is connected by a connection bar 43, and the other ends are an input terminal T and an output terminal W.

A polyamide having a hole through which the tip of the copper bar penetrates at a position where the tip 35a, 36a, 37a, 38a, 39a, 40a of the copper bar 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 projects. A fixing plate 45 made of resin is provided, and a tip end portion 35 a of the copper bar penetrates through these through holes. The fixing plate 45 is fixed to the frame 37 of the iron core 31 by a fixing bracket 46. The fixing plate 45 is positioned so that the copper bar 35 and the like do not shift.

The windings 32, 33, and 34 function as shunt windings, as shown in FIG. 5, by connecting one of the lead wires 32a, 33a, and 34a of the windings 32, 33, and 34, The other lead wires 32b, 33b, 34b are connected to output terminals (U, V, W) 35a, 37a, 39a of both copper bars 35, 37, 39, respectively. This is because the copper bars (35, 36), (37, 38), (39, 40) and the connecting bars 41, 42, 43 are each a series winding, and the number of turns is n, 1.5 ≦ n <2. Become.

The number of turns of the windings 32, 33, and 34 corresponds to the number of turns of the copper bars (35, 36), (37, 38), and (39, 40) based on the following transformer specifications. .

Working frequency: 50/60 Hz Number of phases: Three-phase three-wire system Rated capacity: 450 KVA Self capacity: 21.5 KVA Rated primary voltage: 200 V Rated secondary voltage: 210 V Rated primary current: 1346 A Rated secondary current: 1300 A The transformer 10 is an approximately 5% step-up type transformer.

Next, data comparing the power consumption of the three-phase three-wire 200 V power distribution line when using this step-up type three-phase three-wire transformer and when not using it are shown below. . In this case, too, as in the case of the above-mentioned single-phase transformer, large-scale retail stores were targeted for measurement, and both measurements could not be performed at the same date and time. We can catch trends. Measuring instrument used: SOUHOU Corporation PW04K 2-channel power monitoring device (with printer) Without transformer, for 6 days from 1999.18.18 to 1999.8.23, from 0:00 to 23:00 every hour Table 7 shows the measured instantaneous power values.

[0032]

[Table 7]

Similarly, for the case with a transformer, from 1999.8.25 to 1999.25. Table 8 shows the measured values of the instantaneous power values at each time from 0:00 to 23:00 during the six days of 08.30.

[0034]

[Table 8]

Table 9 summarizes these results.

[0036]

[Table 9]

As shown in Table 9, the difference between the case without the transformer and the case with the transformer was reduced by 16.93% in the instantaneous value of the power by introducing the transformer. The total amount of power was measured as 11,407.44 kWh for 6 days without a transformer and 9,502.24 kWh for 6 days with a transformer. 905.2 1 kWh, and 16.7% power saving was achieved. A simple comparison of the numbers themselves is not without problems, but I am convinced that there is no doubt that the trend can be to save power. The measuring device is as described above.

As described above, in the case of a single-phase lamp load, power can be saved by reducing the voltage by several percent by a transformer, and in the case of a power load, the voltage is increased by several percent. It turned out that power saving can be achieved.

Next, Table 10 shows the total of the electric lamp and the power load.

[0040]

[Table 10]

As can be seen from Table 10, by introducing the small and unique transformer according to the embodiment of the present invention to both the electric lamp and the power load, it is possible to save 14.62% in instantaneous power. I was able to plan.

[0042]

[Effect of the invention]

 As described above, the transformer according to the present invention can obtain a large capacity in spite of its small external dimensions, requires a small number of parts, can reduce costs, and can also obtain a power saving effect.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which a transformer according to the present invention is used for a single phase, (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view,
(C) is a plan view.

FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the transformer shown in FIG. 1, wherein (a) shows a single-phase two-wire system and (b) shows a single-phase three-wire system.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the transformer shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the transformer according to the present invention is used for a three-phase transformer, (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view,
(C) is a plan view.

FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit of the transformer shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating the principle of the autotransformer.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Single-phase transformer 11 Iron core 12 Winding 13, 14 Copper bar 15 Fixed plate 30 Three-phase transformer 31 Iron core 32-34 Winding 35-40 Copper bar 41-43 Connection bar 45 Fixed plate

Claims (3)

[Utility model registration claims] 1. A winding having been wound a predetermined number of times is disposed on a central leg of a tripod-type core having a rectangular frame on the outside and having a central leg at the center, and a longitudinal section is provided on the surface of the winding. Are formed in a U-shape in a rectangular shape, and two copper bars each having a tip end serving as an input / output end are arranged in a state where the tip ends project outward from the end face of the core, and one of the windings is provided. The lead wire is connected to the input end of one copper bar, the other lead wire is connected to the output end of the other copper bar, and the tip of the copper bar penetrates to the position where the tip of the copper bar protrudes. A transformer comprising: a fixed plate made of a resin having a hole formed therein; a tip end portion of a copper bar being penetrated; and the fixed plate fixed to an iron core for a single-phase two-wire system. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein two windings wound a predetermined number of times are arranged on a center leg of a tripod-shaped core having a rectangular frame on the outside and having a center leg at a center portion. And two copper bars each having a longitudinal section formed in a U-shape having a rectangular shape and each having a tip portion serving as an input / output end, wherein the tip portions protrude outward from an end face of the iron core. One of the lead wires of the winding is connected to one of the other windings, and the other lead of each winding is connected to the output end of each of the copper bars. A resin fixing plate having a hole through which the tip of the copper bar penetrates is disposed at the position where the portion protrudes, and the tip of the copper bar is penetrated, and the fixing plate is fixed to an iron core for a single-phase three-wire system. A transformer characterized by being configured as: 3. A winding having a predetermined number of turns wound on each leg of a tripod-shaped core having a rectangular frame on the outside and having a central leg at the center, and a longitudinal section on the surface of each winding. Are arranged in such a manner that two copper bars formed in a U-shape in a rectangular shape are arranged so that their tips project outward from the end face of the iron core, and one tip of one copper bar and one piece of the other copper bar. The leading end is connected by a connecting bar, the leading end of the other copper bar is used as an input / output end, and one of the three windings is connected to one of the three windings. A lead wire is connected to the output end of the copper bar of each leg, and a resin fixing plate having a hole through which the tip of the copper bar penetrates is disposed at a position where the tip of the copper bar protrudes. That the end of the bar is penetrated, and that the fixing plate is fixed to the iron core and is configured for a three-phase three-wire system. Transformers characterized.