JP3058019B2 - How to reduce nitrous oxide - Google Patents
How to reduce nitrous oxideInfo
- Publication number
- JP3058019B2 JP3058019B2 JP6201626A JP20162694A JP3058019B2 JP 3058019 B2 JP3058019 B2 JP 3058019B2 JP 6201626 A JP6201626 A JP 6201626A JP 20162694 A JP20162694 A JP 20162694A JP 3058019 B2 JP3058019 B2 JP 3058019B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nitrous oxide
- combustion
- carbon material
- particle size
- supplied
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/10—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は下水汚泥や都市ごみ、可
燃性産業廃棄物などの廃棄物、および石炭などの化石燃
料を燃焼または混焼させる流動床式燃焼装置より排出さ
れる亜酸化窒素の低減方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to nitrous oxide discharged from a fluidized bed type combustion apparatus for burning or co-firing fossil fuel such as sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, combustible industrial waste, and coal. It relates to a reduction method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】下水汚泥や都市ごみ、可燃性産業廃棄物
など多様な性状の廃棄物、または石炭などの化石燃料を
効率よく燃焼、または混焼することができる燃焼装置と
して、流動床式燃焼装置がよく知られている。流動床式
燃焼装置において、空塔速度が３ｍ／ｓｅｃ以下の場
合、焼却炉内は流動媒体が流動化している流動層部とそ
の上部のフリ−ボ−ド部からなっている。図２は一般的
な空塔速度が３ｍ／ｓｅｃ以下の流動床式燃焼装置を示
したものである。なお、以下、空塔速度が３ｍ／ｓｅｃ
以下の流動床式燃焼装置を流動床式燃焼装置と略す。図
２において、１は燃焼炉、２は分散板、３は供給装置、
４は流動層部、５はフリーボード部、７は流動化空気供
給ライン、８は集塵装置である。燃焼炉１に設けられた
分散板２上に例えば硅砂のような流動媒体が充填されて
おり、この流動媒体は分散板２下部より供給される流動
化空気によって流動化している。下水汚泥、都市ごみな
どの廃棄物、または石炭などの化石燃料は、供給装置３
より供給され、流動中の流動媒体によって撹拌されなが
ら燃焼する。この時、亜酸化窒素（Ｎ2 Ｏ）が発生す
る。この亜酸化窒素は例えばＣＯ2 と同様に地球温暖化
をもたらし、またフロンガスと同様にオゾン層を破壊す
るなど地球環境破壊の原因の１つとされている。そし
て、亜酸化窒素の排出特性は、燃焼温度に依存してお
り、ＮＯx の排出特性と反対の傾向を示すことが知られ
ている。つまり、ＮＯｘ（ＮＯやＮＯ2 ）が高温度での
燃焼方式で発生しやすいのに対し、亜酸化窒素は、高温
度（１３００℃以上）での燃焼方式では殆ど発生しない
が、流動床式燃焼方式など低温度（７００〜９００℃）
での燃焼方式では発生量が多い。ゆえに、流動床式燃焼
方式を行なうとＮＯx の発生は低いが、亜酸化窒素の排
出量が多くなるという傾向がある。亜酸化窒素の低減方
法はあまり検討されていない。低減方法としては以下に
示す技術が開示されている。2. Description of the Related Art A fluidized bed combustion apparatus is a combustion apparatus capable of efficiently burning or co-firing fossil fuels such as sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, combustible industrial waste, or fossil fuels such as coal. Is well known. In a fluidized bed type combustion apparatus, when the superficial velocity is 3 m / sec or less, the incinerator comprises a fluidized bed portion in which a fluidized medium is fluidized and a freeboard portion above the fluidized bed portion. FIG. 2 shows a general fluidized bed combustion apparatus having a superficial superficial velocity of 3 m / sec or less. Hereinafter, the superficial tower speed is 3 m / sec.
The following fluidized bed type combustion device is abbreviated as a fluidized bed type combustion device. In FIG. 2, 1 is a combustion furnace, 2 is a dispersion plate, 3 is a supply device,
4 is a fluidized bed section, 5 is a free board section, 7 is a fluidized air supply line, and 8 is a dust collector. A dispersing plate 2 provided in the combustion furnace 1 is filled with a fluid medium such as silica sand, and the fluid medium is fluidized by fluidizing air supplied from a lower portion of the dispersing plate 2. Wastes such as sewage sludge and municipal solid waste, or fossil fuels such as coal are supplied to the supply device 3.
It is burned while being agitated by the flowing fluid medium supplied from. At this time, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is generated. This nitrous oxide causes global warming, for example, like CO 2, and is one of the causes of global environmental destruction, such as the destruction of the ozone layer like Freon gas. It is known that the emission characteristics of nitrous oxide depend on the combustion temperature and show a tendency opposite to the emission characteristics of NOx. That is, while NOx (NO and NO 2 ) is likely to be generated in a combustion method at a high temperature, nitrous oxide is scarcely generated in a combustion method at a high temperature (1300 ° C. or higher), but in a fluidized bed combustion method. Low temperature (700-900 ° C)
In the combustion method in the above, the amount generated is large. Therefore, when the fluidized bed combustion method is performed, the generation of NOx is low, but the emission amount of nitrous oxide tends to increase. Methods for reducing nitrous oxide have not been studied much. The following technique is disclosed as a reduction method.
【０００３】特開平３−２３６５１０号公報には、燃焼
排ガス中の亜酸化窒素の低減方法としてプロパン、微粉
炭（豪州炭）をバ−ナ−用の燃料として用い燃焼排ガス
を１０００℃以上に昇温することによって亜酸化窒素を
分解して低減する技術が開示されている。Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-236510 discloses a method for reducing nitrous oxide in flue gas using propane and pulverized coal (Australia coal) as burner fuel and raising the flue gas temperature to 1000 ° C. or higher. A technique for decomposing and reducing nitrous oxide by heating is disclosed.
【０００４】特開平５−５２３１６号公報には、揮発分
を多く含む化石燃料（天然ガス、灯油、重油、瀝青炭）
を供給し、燃焼させて活性基を発生させ、該活性基によ
り亜酸化窒素を分解する循環型流動層ボイラにおける窒
素酸化物の低減方法に関する技術が開示されている。[0004] JP-A-5-52316 discloses a fossil fuel containing a large amount of volatile components (natural gas, kerosene, heavy oil, bituminous coal).
A technique relating to a method for reducing nitrogen oxides in a circulating fluidized-bed boiler that supplies and burns to generate active groups and decomposes nitrous oxide by the active groups is disclosed.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】特開平３−２３６５１
０号公報に開示される技術は、高温燃焼のため、焼却炉
を出た後の設備管理が難しく、設備装置等を傷める可能
性があり、維持管理コストが高くなる。Problems to be Solved by the Invention
The technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 0 is difficult to manage equipment after leaving the incinerator due to high-temperature combustion, which may damage equipment and the like, and increases maintenance costs.
【０００６】特開平５−５２３１６号公報に開示される
技術は燃料として供給している化石燃料の揮発分が高い
ため、燃焼の際にＮＯｘを生成してしまう。本発明は流
動床式燃焼装置においてＮＯx の排出量を増加させるこ
となく、亜酸化窒素の排出量を低減させることを目的と
した亜酸化窒素の低減方法を提供するものである。In the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-52316, fossil fuel supplied as fuel has a high volatile content, so that NOx is generated during combustion. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method for reducing nitrous oxide, which aims to reduce the amount of nitrous oxide without increasing the amount of NOx emitted in a fluidized bed combustion apparatus.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は空塔速度が３ｍ
／ｓｅｃ以下で、燃焼温度が７００℃〜９００℃に維持
される流動床式燃焼装置において、燃焼の際に生成する
亜酸化窒素に対し、粒径７４μｍ〜７１０μｍの低揮発
性炭素材を燃焼炉内に供給し、これらの炭素材による亜
酸化窒素の還元反応を主としてフリーボード部で行な
い、亜酸化窒素の排出量を低減、除去することを特徴と
する。低揮発性炭素材の燃焼炉内への供給に際し、直接
フリーボード部に供給してもよい。 According to the present invention, the superficial velocity is 3 m.
/ Sec or less , the combustion temperature is maintained at 700 to 900 ° C
In a fluidized bed type combustion apparatus, a low-volatile carbon material having a particle size of 74 μm to 710 μm is supplied into a combustion furnace with respect to nitrous oxide generated during combustion, and the nitrous oxide is reduced by the carbon material. The reaction is mainly carried out in the freeboard section to reduce and eliminate nitrous oxide emissions. When supplying low-volatility carbon materials into the combustion furnace,
You may supply to a free board part.
【０００８】本発明における炭素材とは、炭素分を主成
分とし、揮発分の含有量が、一般の工業分析（ＪＩＳ−
Ｍ−８８１２）等において２０ｗｔ％以下（乾ベース）
と揮発分の少ないものが望ましい。揮発分が高いと燃焼
する際にＮＯx を生成してしまい好ましくない。本発明
に用いることができる炭素材としては、例えば微粉コー
クス、活性炭、低揮発炭等が挙げられる。[0008] The carbon material in the present invention has a carbon content as a main component, and the content of volatile components is determined by general industrial analysis (JIS-JIS).
M-8812) etc. 20 wt% or less (dry basis)
And those having a small volatile content are desirable. If the volatile content is high, NOx is generated during combustion, which is not preferable. Examples of the carbon material that can be used in the present invention include fine coke, activated carbon, and low volatile carbon.
【０００９】[0009]
【作用】炭素材を流動床式燃焼装置の燃焼炉内に供給す
ることにより、フリ−ボ−ド部において炭素材による還
元反応が起こり、亜酸化窒素が還元され、その排出量が
低減する。When the carbon material is supplied into the combustion furnace of the fluidized bed type combustion apparatus, a reduction reaction by the carbon material occurs in the freeboard portion, whereby nitrous oxide is reduced, and the emission amount is reduced.
【００１０】燃焼炉内において、炭素材の粒子が、燃焼
ガスに同伴されながらフリ−ボ−ド部に上昇し炉外へ飛
散し、この間に燃焼ガスと数秒程度、接触し、亜酸化窒
素と還元反応が起こる。そのため、本発明に用いる炭素
材の粒径としては燃焼ガスに同伴されながらフリ−ボ−
ド部に上昇し炉外へ飛散する粒径、７４μｍ〜７１０μ
ｍである。粒径が７１０μｍより大きい場合、飛散せ
ず、流動層部に停滞する粒子の割合が増えるため、フリ
−ボ−ド部での燃焼ガスと接触する粒子の数が減り、亜
酸化窒素の還元反応効率は劣る。また粒径が７４μｍよ
り小さい場合、供給した炭素材の粒子が直ちに飛散して
しまうので、燃焼ガスとの接触時間が短くなり、反応率
が低下する。 [0010] In the combustion furnace, particles of the carbon material rise to the freeboard portion while being entrained by the combustion gas and scatter outside the furnace, during which they come into contact with the combustion gas for about several seconds, and come into contact with the nitrous oxide. A reduction reaction occurs. For this reason, the carbon material used in the present invention has a particle size of free carbon while being entrained by the combustion gas.
Particle size that rises to the outside of the furnace and scatters outside the furnace, 74 μm to 710 μm
m . If the particle size is larger than 710 μm, the number of particles that do not scatter and stay in the fluidized bed increases, so that the number of particles in contact with the combustion gas in the freeboard decreases, and the reduction reaction of nitrous oxide decreases. Inefficient. The particle size is 74μm
If it is too small, the particles of the supplied carbon material
The contact time with the combustion gas is shortened and the reaction rate
Decrease.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】本発明を実施例により説明する。図１は下水
汚泥の流動床式焼却炉の系統図を示したものである。図
１において、符号６以外は図２に付してある番号と同じ
であるため説明を省略する。なお、６は炭素材供給管で
ある。燃焼炉１に設けられた分散板２上に流動媒体とし
て硅砂が充填されており、この流動媒体は分散板２下部
より供給される流動化空気によって流動化している。ま
た、供給装置３より供給される下水汚泥は、流動中の流
動媒体によって撹拌、乾燥されて燃焼する。同時に、亜
酸化窒素が生成される。フリ−ボ−ド部５には炭素材供
給管６が付けられており、この炭素材供給管６より炭素
材を供給する。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described with reference to examples. FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of a fluidized bed incinerator for sewage sludge. In FIG. 1, components other than 6 are the same as those in FIG. In addition, 6 is a carbon material supply pipe. Silica sand is filled as a fluid medium on a dispersion plate 2 provided in the combustion furnace 1, and the fluid medium is fluidized by fluidizing air supplied from a lower portion of the dispersion plate 2. Further, the sewage sludge supplied from the supply device 3 is stirred, dried, and burned by the flowing fluid medium. At the same time, nitrous oxide is produced. The free board portion 5 is provided with a carbon material supply pipe 6, from which the carbon material is supplied.
【００１２】炭素材の供給量については、燃焼ガス量に
対し、５０ｇ／Ｎｍ3 以下とするのが望ましい。供給量
が多い場合は、下流側のサイクロン、電気集塵機、バグ
フィルターなどの集塵装置で捕集される飛灰の熱灼減量
が増加してしまう。It is desirable that the supply amount of the carbon material be 50 g / Nm 3 or less with respect to the amount of the combustion gas. When the supply amount is large, the burning loss of fly ash collected by a dust collector such as a cyclone, an electric dust collector, and a bag filter on the downstream side increases.
【００１３】炭素材の供給方法としては、特に限定しな
い。事前に被焼却物、または燃料と混合する方法、別々
に供給する方法どちらでも良い。炭素材の供給方法とし
て、直接フリ−ボ−ド部に供給することもできる。さら
に、下流側のサイクロン、電気集塵機、バグフィルター
などの集塵装置で捕集された炭素材を含む飛灰を炉内に
戻すことにより、炭素材の再利用化がはかれ、炭素材の
消費量を低減させることができる。The method for supplying the carbon material is not particularly limited. Either a method of mixing with the incineration material or fuel in advance, or a method of separately supplying the fuel may be used. As a method of supplying the carbon material, the carbon material may be directly supplied to the freeboard portion. In addition, by returning fly ash containing carbon materials collected by dust collectors such as cyclones, electric dust collectors, and bag filters on the downstream side to the furnace, the carbon materials can be reused and the carbon materials consumed. The amount can be reduced.
【００１４】実施例１ 粒径７４μｍ〜７１０μｍの微粉コークスを炭素材供給
管６より１０ｇ／Ｎｍ3 の量で供給した。Example 1 Fine coke having a particle size of 74 μm to 710 μm was supplied from a carbon material supply pipe 6 in an amount of 10 g / Nm 3 .
【００１５】表１は、粒径７４μｍ〜７１０μｍの微粉
コークスを１０ｇ／Ｎｍ3 の量で供給した場合の亜酸化
窒素の低減結果を示したものである。炭素材の供給無し
の場合、供給有りの場合、どちらもＮＯｘの排出量は殆
ど変わらないのに対し、亜酸化窒素の排出量は供給無し
の場合低減されず、１６５ｐｐｍ、供給有りの場合低減
され、５８ｐｐｍとなった。Table 1 shows the results of reducing nitrous oxide when fine coke having a particle size of 74 μm to 710 μm was supplied in an amount of 10 g / Nm 3 . In the absence of the supply of carbon material and in the presence of the supply, the emission of NOx is almost the same, whereas the emission of nitrous oxide is not reduced in the absence of the supply, but is reduced in the case of the supply of 165 ppm. , And 58 ppm.
【００１６】[0016]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１７】実施例２ 供給する微粉コ−クスの粒径を変えて実験を行なった。
結果を表２に示す。実施例２は実施例１と炭素材供給量
等実験条件は変えず、粒径のみを変えたものである。粒
径は、７４μｍ以下の場合、７４μｍ〜７１０μｍの場
合、７１０μｍ以上の場合、３種を用いた。実施例１で
行った炭素材供給無しの場合、亜酸化窒素の排出量は１
６５ｐｐｍであるのに対し、粒径７４μｍ以下の場合、
亜酸化窒素の排出量は１２３ｐｐｍ、粒径７４μｍ〜７
１０μｍの場合、亜酸化窒素の排出量は５８ｐｐｍ、粒
径７１０μｍ以上の場合、亜酸化窒素の排出量は１４３
ｐｐｍであった。低減率に換算すると粒径７４μｍ以下
の場合、２５．５％、粒径７４μｍ〜７１０μｍの場
合、６４．８％、粒径７１０μｍ以上の場合、１３．３
％であり、粒径７４μｍ〜７１０μｍの場合が最も高い
低減率を示した。上記表１の結果から、炭素材を供給す
ることにより、亜酸化窒素が低減されることが確認され
た。また、炭素材の粒径が亜酸化窒素の低減率に大きな
影響を及ぼすことも明らかになり、その粒径が所定の範
囲内のものを供給すれば、亜酸化窒素を一層低減させる
ことができることも明らかになった。すなわち、亜酸化
窒素を低減させるために供給する炭素材の望ましい粒径
は７４μｍ〜７１０μｍである。 Example 2 An experiment was conducted by changing the particle size of the supplied fine coke.
Table 2 shows the results. Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that the experimental conditions such as the carbon material supply amount were not changed, and only the particle size was changed. When the particle size was 74 μm or less, three types were used: 74 μm to 710 μm, and when the particle size was 710 μm or more. In Example 1
In the absence of the supplied carbon material supply, the amount of nitrous oxide emission is 1
In the case where the particle diameter is 74 μm or less,
The emission amount of nitrous oxide is 123 ppm, and the particle diameter is 74 μm.
In the case of 10 μm, the emission amount of nitrous oxide is 58 ppm, and in the case of 710 μm or more, the emission amount of nitrous oxide is 143.
ppm. When converted to a reduction rate, 25.5% when the particle size is 74 μm or less, 64.8% when the particle size is 74 μm to 710 μm, and 13.3 when the particle size is 710 μm or more.
% , And the particle size of 74 μm to 710 μm showed the highest reduction rate. From the results in Table 1 above, the carbon material was supplied.
It was confirmed that nitrous oxide was reduced by
Was. Also, the particle size of the carbon material is large in the reduction rate of nitrous oxide.
It is also clear that the particle size has a certain range.
Supplying the items in the box further reduces nitrous oxide
It became clear that we could do that. That is, sub-oxidation
Desirable particle size of carbon material supplied to reduce nitrogen
Is 74 μm to 710 μm.
【００１８】[0018]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の効果】ＮＯx の排出量が増加することなく、亜
酸化窒素（Ｎ2 Ｏ）の排出量が、効率良く低減する。The emission of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) can be reduced efficiently without an increase in the emission of NOx.
【図１】本発明の一実施例を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】一般的な流動床式燃焼装置を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a general fluidized bed combustion device.
１ 燃焼炉 ２ 分散板 ３ 供給装置 ４ 流動層部 ５ フリーボード部 ６ 炭素材供給管 ７ 流動化空気供給ライン ８ 集塵装置 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combustion furnace 2 Dispersion plate 3 Supply device 4 Fluidized bed part 5 Free board part 6 Carbon material supply pipe 7 Fluidized air supply line 8 Dust collector
フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) F23C 10/00 B01D 53/56 F23C 10/22 F23G 5/30 Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) F23C 10/00 B01D 53/56 F23C 10/22 F23G 5/30
Claims (2)
度が７００℃〜９００℃に維持される流動床式燃焼装置
において、粒径７４μｍ〜７１０μｍの低揮発性炭素材
を燃焼炉内に供給することを特徴とする亜酸化窒素の低
減方法。When the superficial velocity is 3 m / sec or less , the combustion temperature
A method for reducing nitrous oxide, characterized in that a low-volatile carbon material having a particle size of 74 μm to 710 μm is supplied into a combustion furnace in a fluidized bed combustion device maintained at a temperature of 700 ° C. to 900 ° C.
素材を燃焼炉内のフリーボード部に供給することを特徴The feature is that the material is supplied to the free board part in the combustion furnace
とする請求項１に記載の亜酸化窒素の低減方法。The method for reducing nitrous oxide according to claim 1, wherein
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6201626A JP3058019B2 (en) | 1994-08-26 | 1994-08-26 | How to reduce nitrous oxide |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6201626A JP3058019B2 (en) | 1994-08-26 | 1994-08-26 | How to reduce nitrous oxide |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0861610A JPH0861610A (en) | 1996-03-08 |
| JP3058019B2 true JP3058019B2 (en) | 2000-07-04 |
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| JP6201626A Expired - Fee Related JP3058019B2 (en) | 1994-08-26 | 1994-08-26 | How to reduce nitrous oxide |
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| JPH0861610A (en) | 1996-03-08 |
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