JP3051057B2 - Apparatus and method for repeatably securing two components - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a coupling device of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 1, i.e. a device for removably and repetitively connecting two components. is there. The invention further relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 7, that is to say a method for detachably securing two components.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various pressure-coupling devices are known which are capable of permanently or temporarily fixing components, which are usually rotationally symmetric, to one another. These known coupling devices include:
For example, a clamping jaw or a spreading mandrel for centering a tool or workpiece is included. In these coupling devices, a fastening element, which is usually configured as a clamping jaw, is pressed mechanically or hydraulically axially against a correspondingly configured conical surface. The disadvantage of these clamping devices, which are widely used in the field of mechanical engineering, is that they have a relatively large radial dimension and, due to the axial sliding movement between pairs of conical sliding surfaces.
The friction value is relatively high, and the circular accuracy is inaccurate.

When one component is repeatedly and precisely mounted inside or outside the other component, a hydraulic telescopic clamping device is used as a chuck or mandrel. In this device, a clamping force is applied to the fixed component via a pressure medium and a radially deformable telescopic bush. These tightening devices require expensive technical expenditures.

[0004] Furthermore, devices for press-connecting two rotationally symmetric components are also known. In this case, the outer diameter of the mostly cylindrical inner component is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical outer component. By heat treating one or both components, to adapt the effective diameter of both members,
The inner member is inserted into the outer member and positioned at the coupling position. Then, after the heat treatment is completed, each member expands or contracts, so that an extremely hard clamp fit of the outer component to the inner component is possible. Disadvantages of this coupling device are that when one component is heat-treated, that is, when significant heating or supercooling is sometimes required, various measures are required, tissue degeneration may occur during heating, and combustion may occur. There is a risk of injury due to In addition, a disadvantage is that it takes time to uniformly heat and cool each shrinking partner to complete the bond.

[0005] DE-Z "Maintenance Technology" magazine (Vol. 51, 196)
For example, from August 1982, pages 392 to 396, a hydraulic press connection between a shaft and a boss is known. in this case,
The mating surfaces are separated by pressurized oil during the joining or removing step. The oil which is pressed between the mating surfaces of both components elastically expands the hollow cylindrical component so that, for example, the inner solid cylindrical component can be pulled out. Become. This requires, of course, extremely high hydraulic pressures of up to 1500 b. A device capable of generating such a hydraulic pressure requires a high level of technology and is therefore expensive. In addition, this joining technique is only applicable to cylindrical mating surfaces.

[0006]

The object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for connecting two components having different cross sections in an arbitrarily repeatable and extremely precise manner in a technically simple manner. To provide.

[0007]

This problem has been solved by the present invention as follows. That is, the initial peripheral contour of the deformable component has a peripheral portion located inside the peripheral contour of the other component and a peripheral portion located outside, and at least one of the deformable components The deformation of the component is effected by the intended action of the radial pressure on a specific part of the circumferential profile of the component, and the fixed crimping of the two circumferential profiles together at a given circumferential portion is deformable. This is made possible by the elastic return deformation of the components.

Therefore, the technical idea underlying the present invention lies in the following points. That is, at least one of the components is elastically deformable within a certain limit, has a different peripheral contour from the other component, and the deformable components are coupled by radial pressing force. As a result of being deformed in the part, its peripheral contour is made to substantially conform to the shape of the effective peripheral contour of the other component, with sufficient play, so that both components are engaged with each other. In addition, the deformed component automatically resiliently returns and deforms after the end of the action of the radial pressing force, so that a specific peripheral portion of this component is moved to the other side by the return deformation. The point is that it is very firmly pressed against the peripheral contour of the component.

[0009] The coupling device according to the invention can be applied in various ways to the fixing of components of various shapes. For example, according to a preferred configuration of the present invention, when the hollow body constituting the deformable component is mounted on a faithful shaft or shank, the hollow body has a curved inner peripheral portion and a curved portion between them. A polygonal inner peripheral profile consisting of a transition portion, and the inner peripheral profile is elastically deformed by a pressing force acting on the transition portion from the radial outside until it completely matches the outer peripheral profile of the shaft, Thereby, the hollow body can be inserted into a predetermined position on the shaft. Further, after the pressing in the radial direction is completed, the hollow body is deformed by returning to the original peripheral contour based on its inherent elasticity, whereby the specific inner peripheral portion is pressed against the outer wall of the solid shaft.

In order to center a hollow body, in particular a sleeve made of relatively thin-walled steel or other similar material, very precisely on the shaft, the crimping is carried out in three of the three angularly offset ones. It should be done at the periphery. For this purpose, the effective inner peripheral contour of the undeformed sleeve has three curved inner peripheral parts, between which,
Three corner transitions are provided. By applying a pressing force radially inward to these transition portions, the inner peripheral contour of the sleeve is deformed into a substantially circular shape. Since this circular diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the shaft, the deformed sleeve can be fitted on the shaft. When the operation of the pressing force is completed, the positioned sleeve is automatically returned and deformed, so that the three curved inner peripheral portions are respectively pressed against the outer wall of the shaft with a high pressing force. The connection made in this way can also withstand extremely high loads and is particularly suitable for chucking the tool shank into a sleeve-like or bush-like tool holder when machining workpieces. I have.

The coupling device according to the invention is also suitable for fixing a hollow body, which is a deformable component, in a hole of another component. For this purpose, the initial outer contour of the hollow body is made up of a peripheral part located inside the inner peripheral contour of the bore and a peripheral part located outside.
In this case, the outer peripheral contour of the hollow body is deformed by applying a pressing force from the inside to the outside in the radial direction on the inner peripheral portion, so that the hollow body can be inserted into the hole. . When the action of the pressing force ends, the hollow body elastically returns to its original outer contour and deforms, whereby
The outer peripheral portion located outside the inner peripheral contour of the hole is fixedly pressed to the inner wall of the hole.

In addition to the fact that both components can be precisely centered and have a high absorption capacity for alternating mechanical stresses, another advantage of the coupling device according to the invention is that the coupling is technically simple and fast. It is a point that can be performed. The radial pressing force required to deform one component can be quickly generated by a suitable device, and can be similarly quickly released after the mutual positioning of the two components. Takes a very short time. This time is in the range of the time required to attach the tool shank to a conventional clamping jaw chuck and is much less than the time required for a heat shrink bond. Furthermore, when the coupling device according to the invention is used in practice, a particular advantage is that, after any length of working time, the fixed coupling can likewise be easily removed again. For this purpose, it is only necessary to apply a radial pressure on a given part of the deformable component. After a corresponding deformation, this deformable component can be withdrawn from the other component. Since the deformation value required at each time is included in the range of elasticity of the used material, the bonding and removing steps can be repeated any number of times, and furthermore, the change in material properties that occurs upon heat shrinkage,
In particular, the tissue structure is not denatured.

In a method in which at least one of the components is removably fixedly connected to two components that are elastically deformable to a predetermined degree, at least one of the components is
The fixed connection is created by being deformed during the connecting process and being positioned in a predetermined connecting position with respect to the other component, and then returning the previously deformed component. According to the present invention, at least one component has an effective peripheral profile including a peripheral portion located inside the effective peripheral profile of the other component and a peripheral portion located outside the effective peripheral profile. A radial pressing force K is applied to a predetermined peripheral portion of the peripheral contour of the deformable component, and after the mutual positioning of the two components, the peripheral portion that is not subjected to the radial pressing force has an elasticity of the deformed component. Due to the repetitive deformation, it is fixedly pressed to the peripheral contour of the other component. In order to repeatably fix the deformable hollow body to the shaft or shank, the inner peripheral contour of the hollow body is provided with a peripheral portion located inside the outer peripheral contour of the shaft and a peripheral portion located outside. In addition, a pressing force is applied to the outer peripheral portion from the outside in the radial direction to the inside.

When the elastically deformable hollow body is repeatably fixed in the hole of the other component member, the outer peripheral contour of the hollow body includes a peripheral portion located inside the inner peripheral contour of the hole, and an outer portion. And a pressing force is applied to the inner peripheral portion from the radially inner side to the outer side.
This method is suitable, for example, for fixing the heat exchange tubes to a support wall and / or a support frame.

The object of the present invention is a device for fixing a deformable hollow body on a shaft. The device consists of a preferably cylindrical casing having a hole in the center, a plurality of clamping jaws arranged at an angle in the hole, and a clamping device for forcibly moving the clamping jaws. According to the invention, the clamping jaws have in each case one protrusion on the inner peripheral surface, the protrusion facing a peripheral portion of the hollow body located outside the peripheral contour of the hole,
Moreover, since the tightening device is configured to generate a radially inward pressing force acting on each tightening jaw, the radially inward projection of each tightening jaw causes This outwardly protruding peripheral portion of the hollow body is pressed. According to a preferred configuration of the device, each clamping jaw is assigned a hydraulically configured clamping device, and on the radial outside of each clamping jaw,
A hydraulic chamber is arranged, and a radially movable actuator is assigned in the casing.

The device according to the invention has its special advantages, in particular,
Due to the simple operation of the actuator, which is preferably configured as a screw bolt, and its small dimensions,
Suitable for chucking a thin tool shank in the thin-walled sleeve of the tool receiving part. Depending on the material used for the drill shank and the tool sleeve, a high and lasting clamping force is produced,
This tightening force allows the drill shank to be positioned precisely centered and to withstand high mechanical stresses. After the deformable sleeve has been deformed by the action of the clamping device and the shank has been inserted into the substantially circular inner space of the sleeve, the actuator of the clamping device, preferably configured as a screw bolt, is brought into its initial position. By unscrewing, the action of the clamping jaws on the sleeve is terminated and the sleeve attempts to return to its original shape. By this radial return deformation, a specific inner peripheral portion of the sleeve is fixedly crimped to the outer wall of the shank. Thereafter, the clamping device can be withdrawn axially from the connected components.

[0017]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other features and advantages of the invention will now be described with reference to several illustrated embodiments. FIG. 1 shows a case where a sleeve 1 having a cylindrical outer surface is fixed to a cylindrical shaft or shank 2. By applying the concept of the present invention, the sleeve 1 has a polygonal inner peripheral profile composed of a plurality of curved peripheral portions 3 and 4. As shown, a circumference 5 indicated by a broken line of the cylindrical shaft 2 is shown.
Radially outward of the three circumferential portions 3 of the sleeve inner circumferential profile
And the transition 4 between them is located radially inward of the circumference 5. In this state, the sleeve 1 cannot be inserted into the shaft 2 because the transition portion 4 is located radially inward of the circumference 5.

FIG. 3A shows an undeformed sleeve 1. Now, radially applied pressures K ₁ , K ₂ ,
When K ₃ acts, the desired deformation occurs in the entire sleeve 1. That is, the peripheral portion 3 which has been located outside the circumference 5 is pushed inward in the radial direction.
The transitional portion 4 located inside the outside will perform a limited movement outward. FIG. 3B illustrates this stage. At this stage, the inner peripheral contour of the sleeve, which was initially substantially polygonal, has been deformed into a substantially circular shape. The diameter of this circle is larger than the diameter of the circumference 5 of the shaft 2 in FIG. 1, and in this case, the outer periphery of the sleeve 1 has a polygonal shape. In this deformed state, the sleeve 1 is fitted on the shaft 2 and is positioned at a predetermined position, and is in a state shown in FIG. When the operation of the pressing forces K _{1 to} K ₃ is completed,
The sleeve 1 deforms back due to its inherent elasticity, so that the transition part 4, which was initially located inside the circumference 5 in FIG. FIG. 3D shows this completed state.

The coupling device according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG.
When the sleeve is precisely fixed in the hole of the component
Can also be used. In the case of this illustrated embodiment, the sleeve
6 has a polygonal outer peripheral contour and has a hole 7
Has a cylindrical cross section. Because it is convenient for determination
Also in the case of this embodiment, the outer contour of the undeformed sleeve is
Three peripheral portions 9 located inside the inner peripheral contour of the hole 7 and
And a curved transition portion 10 between the peripheral portions 9 thereof.
You. The transition portion 10 is located outside the inner peripheral contour of the hole 7.
I have. The radially-inwardly acting element shown in FIG.
Pressure K_Four, K_Five, K ₆As a result, the peripheral portion 9 is pushed outward.
As a result, the transition portion 10 projecting outwardly is
Retract accordingly radially inward. The hole 7 and the sleeve 6
Sleeve if necessary
By deforming 6, the sleeve becomes almost circular
The entire outer peripheral contour is located inside the circular inner peripheral contour of the hole 7.
So that In this state, insert the sleeve 6 into the hole 7.
You can enter. Pressure K _Four, K_Five, K₆The action of
After termination, again the sleeve 6 is made of its elastic material
Based on the characteristics, the peripheral portion 10 that has returned and deformed and protruded
It is fixedly pressed on the corresponding inner peripheral area of the hole 7.

The coupling device according to the invention can be applied to coupling components of various shapes, in particular polygonal components. In that case, the peripheral contours of the two components must be adapted to one another such that the desired elastic deformation of one of the components enables mutual gripping. As a result, a fixed clamping connection is made possible by the automatic elastic return deformation and no relative movement of the cooperating contact surfaces and thus no frictional forces are generated.

The devices shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B are configured to actually embody the technical ideas shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. The figure shows the case where the sleeve-like end of the component 11 is fixed to the end of a cylindrical shaft or shank 12. The device has a cylindrical casing 13 in which clamping jaws 15, 16, 17 which are offset from one another by 120 degrees are arranged in a central hole 14 of the casing. Each clamping jaw 15, 16, 17 has a respective radially inward projection 18, 19, 20 whose axial length can be seen from FIG. Is determined by the length in the axial direction. Fastening jaws 15, 16,
A flexible ring 21 is arranged between the outer wall of the casing 17 and the casing 13 and separates a pressure chamber 24 filled with hydraulic fluid from a radially inner portion. The pressure chamber 24 is provided in a casing, and is sealed by seal members 25 and 26. In order to generate a hydraulic pressure acting inward in the radial direction, a radial actuator in the form of a screw bolt is arranged in the casing 13. By operating these screw bolts 27, the hydraulic pressure in the pressure chamber 24 can be increased or decreased. The screwing of the sealed screw bolt 27 increases the hydraulic pressure in the pressure chamber 24, so that the clamping jaws 15, 16, 17 cause the projections 18, 19, 20 to move against the predetermined circumferential portion of the sleeve. Press. This results in the deformation of the sleeve described with reference to FIGS.
Further, by loosening the screw bolt 27, the pressure chamber 24 is depressurized, the predetermined sleeve wall portion is deformed by return, and the technical effects already described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 are obtained.

Instead of being operated hydraulically, the clamping jaws can also be operated with clamping means which act in any other suitable manner. In particular, in the case of the coupling device according to FIG. 2, the pressing forces K ₄ acting radially outward on the sleeve wall,
K _5, the K _6, can be generated by, for example, the central cone. This cone is surrounded by three clamping jaws having a conical inner surface and, by axial movement, presses these clamping jaws K ₄ , K ₅ , K _6.
Is pressed against the inner wall of the sleeve 6 in the direction of action. The polygonal peripheral contour of the deformable component can be formed by cutting. In this case, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, portions having different wall thicknesses are provided. In other words, the wall thickness of the hollow cylindrical components 1 to 6 is greater than that of the peripheral portions 4 and 10 where the peripheral portions 3 and 9 that receive the pressing force are pressed against the walls of the corresponding components 2 and 8 after the return deformation. It is thin. However, the polygonal circumferential contour can also be formed by a pressing process, for example a pressing process. In that case, the wall thickness of the hollow body may be substantially equal over the entire circumference.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a sleeve coupled to a cylindrical shaft.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a sleeve fixed in a cylindrical hole of a workpiece.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the mode of operation of the coupling device according to the present invention in a working stage when the sleeve shown in FIG. 1 is fixed on a cylindrical shaft. (B) is a diagram showing a stage in which a pressing force is applied to the sleeve from the outside in the radial direction to make the inner periphery of the sleeve circular, (c) is a diagram showing a stage in which the sleeve is fitted on the shaft, (d) () Is a diagram showing a stage in which the sleeve has been deformed by return and fixed to the shaft by crimping.

FIG. 4 is a view of a device for fixing the sleeve of FIG. 3 on a shaft;
(A) is an axial sectional view of the device, and (b) is a plan view of the device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 6 Sleeve 2, 12 Axis 3 Sleeve inner peripheral part located outside the outer peripheral contour of axis 4 Sleeve inner peripheral part located inside the outer peripheral contour of axis 5 Circumferential axis 7 Hole 8 Component member 9 having holes 9 Outer peripheral portion of the sleeve located inside the inner peripheral contour of the hole 10 Outer peripheral portion of the sleeve located outside the inner peripheral contour of the hole 13 Casing 15, 16, 17 Tightening jaws 18, 19, 20 Projection 21 Flexure ring 24 Pressure chamber 25 , 26 seal member 27 threaded bolt K _1, K _2, K ₃ pressure K of the radially inwardly _4, K _5, pressure to K ₆ radially outward

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-3-184727 (JP, A) JP-A-2-139035 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23P 19/02

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. An apparatus for fixedly connecting a deformable hollow body (1) and a shaft (2) in a repeatable manner, comprising a deformable hollow body.
Body By (1) are temporarily deformed during the bonding process, the inner peripheral contour of the deformable hollow body (1) is, the shaft (2)
The outer peripheral profile of, are caused to coincide with a predetermined play, and also, after the step of positioning a deformable hollow body (1) and the shaft (2), a deformable hollow body (1) at least partially back deformation By doing so, in the type in which the inner peripheral contour and the outer peripheral contour are fixedly press-bonded, the deformable hollow body (1) is composed of the outer peripheral contour (5) of the shaft (2).
Inner circumferential parts (4) arranged radially inside
And radially outside the outer contour (5) of the shaft (2).
Inner peripheral contour with three outer peripheral parts (3)
And each inner circumferential part (4) is an outer circumferential part in the circumferential direction.
(3), and the pressing force (K ₁ , K ₂ , K ₃ ) inward in the radial direction is
The inner contour is free play by being added to the circumferential part (3)
With the outer contour (5)
Due to the elastic return deformation of the deformable hollow body (1)
Three inner peripheral parts (4) are fixed to the outer peripheral contour (5).
An apparatus, comprising: 2. A device for repetitively and fixedly connecting a deformable hollow body (6) and a hole (7), the device comprising a deformable hollow body.
Due to the temporary deformation of the body (6) during the joining process, the outer contour of the deformable hollow body (6) is reduced by the holes (7).
After the positioning of the deformable hollow body (6) and the hole (7) , the deformable hollow body (6) is at least partially returned to the inner circumferential contour of The deformable hollow body (6) has a cylindrical inner peripheral contour of the hole (7) in a form in which the outer peripheral contour and the inner peripheral contour are fixedly pressed by being deformed.
Inner circumferential parts (9) arranged radially inward of
And radially outside the cylindrical inner peripheral contour of the hole (7).
Outer peripheral contour with three outer peripheral portions (10)
Each outer peripheral portion (10) is an inner peripheral portion in the circumferential direction.
Minutes (9), and the pressing force (K ₁ , K ₂ , K ₃ ) outward in the radial direction is
By being added to the peripheral part (9), the outer peripheral contour is almost
Changed to a cylindrical been allowed conform to inner cylindrical contour, pressurized
Elastic return of deformable hollow body (6) with pressure release
Due to deformation, three outer peripheral parts (10) are cylindrical inner peripheral contours
An apparatus , wherein the apparatus is fixed to a device. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hollow circle is a hollow circle.
Deformable hollow body of the tubular (1) is, the wall thickness of the outer peripheral portion (3) subjected to the action of the pressure K in the radially inwardly, the inner
Device characterized in that it is thinner than the wall thickness of the peripheral part (4) . 4. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the hollow circle is
The cylindrical deformable hollow body (6) has a radial pressing force K
Wall thickness and outer peripheral portions of the inner peripheral portion (9) which receives the action of
(10) An apparatus characterized in that the wall thickness is smaller than that of (10) . 5. A method in which a deformable hollow body (1) and a shaft (2) are detachably fixedly connected to each other.
Empty body (1), during the coupling step, is deformed by radial pressure, after being positioned at a predetermined coupling position relative to the shaft (2), elastically deformable hollow body (1) The return deformation causes a change in the
The formable hollow body (1) is formed by the outer contour (5) of the shaft (2).
Three inner circumferential parts (4) arranged radially inward,
Arranged radially outside the outer contour (5) of the shaft (2)
Each having an inner peripheral profile with three outer peripheral portions (3),
The inner peripheral part (4) is the outer peripheral part (3) in the circumferential direction.
, And radially inwardly applied pressures (K ₁ , K ₂ , K ₃ )
The inner contour is free play by being added to the circumferential part (3)
With the outer contour (5)
Due to the elastic return deformation of the deformable hollow body (1)
Three inner peripheral parts (4) are fixed to the outer peripheral contour (5).
A method , comprising : 6. A deformable hollow body (6) and hole (7) and methods that may be fixedly coupled removed, in a deformable
Empty body (6), during the coupling step, is deformed by radial pressure, after being positioned at a predetermined coupling position relative to the hole (7), elastically deformable hollow body (6) The return deformation causes a change in the
The shapeable hollow body (6) has a cylindrical inner peripheral contour of the hole (7).
Three inner circumferential parts (9) arranged radially inward,
Located radially outside of the cylindrical inner peripheral contour of the hole (7)
An outer contour comprising three outer circumferential portions (10);
Each outer peripheral part (10) is an inner peripheral part in the circumferential direction.
(9) , the pressing force (K ₁ , K ₂ , K ₃ ) outward in the radial direction is
By being added to the peripheral part (9), the outer peripheral contour is almost
It changes to a cylindrical shape to match the cylindrical inner peripheral contour,
Elastic return of deformable hollow body (6) with pressure release
Due to deformation, three outer peripheral parts (10) are cylindrical inner peripheral contours
A method characterized in that the method is fixed to : 7. Initially the inner circumferential contour, an inner circumferential portion located inside the peripheral contour of the shaft, the outer circumferential portion and a deformable hollow body has a positioned outside the outer peripheral contour of the shaft A device for mounting and fixing (11) on a shaft, comprising: a casing (13) having a central hole (14); and a plurality of clamping jaws (15 to
17) and a tightening device (24-27) for forcibly moving the tightening jaws, wherein the tightening jaws (15-17) each have at least one projection ( 18 to 20), the projections facing the outer peripheral part of the hollow body (11) located outside the peripheral contour of the hole (14), and the deformable hollow body (1) Is the outer contour (5) of the shaft (2)
Inner circumferential parts (4) arranged radially inside
And radially outside the outer contour (5) of the shaft (2).
Inner peripheral contour with three outer peripheral parts (3)
And each inner circumferential part (4) is an outer circumferential part in the circumferential direction.
(3), the clamping device (24-27) is provided with clamping jaws (15-1).
7) generate a pressure acting inward in the radial direction, and tighten the clamping jaws (15, 16, 17) in the radial direction.
Inward pressing force (K ₁ , K ₂ , K ₃ ) has three outer circumferential parts
By adding to (3), the inner circumference contour has play
Conforms to the outer contour (5) and changes with the release of pressure
The elastic return deformation of the formable hollow body (1)
That the inner peripheral part (4) is fixed to the outer peripheral contour (5)
A device characterized by: 8. The device according to claim 12, wherein the hydraulically-operated tightening device is arranged radially outside each of the tightening jaws (15 to 17).
4) and 1 each movably arranged in the casing (13).
Device comprising two actuators (27).