JP3041768B2 - Building ventilation structure - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ventilation structure of a building, and more particularly to a ventilation structure formed between an inner covering material defining an interior space of a room and an outer covering material defining an outer shell of the building. The present invention relates to a technique for improving the air permeability of an inner ventilation layer that communicates with an underfloor space.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a building, as shown in FIG. 6, an inner ventilation layer 4 connecting an attic space 2 and an underfloor space 3 with an insulating material 1 interposed therebetween, and upper and lower portions open to the outside air. And the under-floor space 3
And an underfloor ventilation opening 7 for communicating with an underfloor opening / closing damper 6
And the outer ventilation layer 5 and the inner ventilation layer 4 are connected to the opening / closing damper 8 below the building.
There is known a ventilation structure provided with a ventilation hole 9 below the ridge communicating with the wing through a through hole (see Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-38167).

In this device, while outside air flows through the outer ventilation layer 5, outside air introduced into the underfloor space 3 from the underfloor ventilation port 7 passes through the inner ventilation layer 4, and from the lower ridge ventilation port 9 to the upper part of the outer ventilation layer 5. , And is discharged to the outside through the opening 10 at the upper part of the outer ventilation layer 5.

[0004]

However, in such a conventional ventilation structure for a building, the inner ventilation layer 4 is not provided.
There are the following problems in the air circulation in the above. That is, as described above, in a configuration in which outside air is discharged from the underfloor space 3 through the inner ventilation layer 4 to the outside through the opening 10 above the outer ventilation layer 5, the flow resistance of the inner ventilation layer 4 is large, The air flow is poor, and it is difficult for air to escape from the inner ventilation layer 4 to the outside.

For this reason, there is a problem that the effect of providing the inner ventilation layer 4, that is, the effect of cooling in summer and the effect of reducing moisture in the rainy season and the like are not sufficiently exhibited. The present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems as described above, and smoothes the flow of air in an inner ventilation layer that connects the attic space and the underfloor space. It is an object of the present invention to provide a ventilation structure of a building capable of sufficiently exhibiting the effect of an inner ventilation layer capable of reducing the airflow.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the invention according to claim 1 is based on an attic space formed in an attic, an inner covering material defining an inner space of a room, and an outer covering material defining an outer shell of a building. An inner ventilation layer formed between the attic space and the underfloor space, an openable and closable underfloor vent communicating between outside air and the underfloor space, and above the ground in the underfloor space.
Is provided in the vicinity of the side, and the heat exchange fluid is circulated and supplied
A radiator and outside air are introduced into the underfloor space, and the outside air is
An air supply pipe for discharging toward the upper surface of the radiator, an openable / closable skylight formed on the roof portion and communicating with the internal space of the room on the top floor, the attic space and the internal space of the room on the top floor And an openable and closable vent that communicates the

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the attic space communicates with the outside air through a freely openable natural ventilation port for performing natural ventilation and a normally open forced ventilation port having a ventilation fan for performing forced ventilation. It is characterized by. The invention according to claim 3 is
The interior space of the room on the top floor communicates with the outside air through a normally open forced ventilation port provided with a ventilation fan for forced ventilation.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, an outer ventilation layer is provided outside the inner ventilation layer with a heat insulating material interposed therebetween, and a lower portion of the outer ventilation layer communicates with the outside air through a lower opening.
The upper part communicates with the outside air through the upper opening. The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the upper opening is composed of a freely openable and closable natural ventilation port for performing natural ventilation and a forced ventilation port having a ventilation fan for performing forced ventilation.

The invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that the plurality of rooms are provided, and the internal spaces of each room communicate with each other. The invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that the internal spaces of the adjacent rooms on the same floor communicate with each other via an openable and closable opening formed in the column.

[0010] The invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that the internal spaces of the rooms on the lower floor and the upper floor communicate with each other via stairs.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a ventilation structure of a building according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the ventilation structure further simplified. In these figures, an attic space 10 is provided in the attic.

Further, an inner covering material 12 for defining an inner space of a plurality of rooms 11 provided, and an outer covering material 13 for defining an outer periphery of a building.
Between the attic space 10 and the underfloor space 14
Is provided, and an under-floor vent 16 which can be freely opened and closed to communicate between the outside air and the under-floor space 14 is provided on the foundation 1.
7. Further, an outer ventilation layer 19 is provided outside the inner ventilation layer 15 with a heat insulating material 18 interposed between the outer covering material 13 and the inner covering material 12 interposed therebetween.

The lower portion of the outer ventilation layer 19 communicates with the outside air through an outside air inlet 20 as a lower opening,
The upper part is communicated with the outside air through the upper opening. In this case, the upper opening has a natural ventilation port 21 that can be freely opened and closed for performing natural ventilation, and a forced ventilation port 2 having a ventilation fan that performs forced ventilation.
And 2. On the other hand, the roof is provided with a freely openable and closable skylight 24 communicating with the internal space of the room 23 on the top floor.

An openable / closable vent 33 is provided for communicating the attic space 10 with the interior space of the room 23 on the top floor. Here, the attic space 10 is configured to communicate with the outside air via a freely openable and closable natural ventilation port 25 for performing natural ventilation and a normally open forced ventilation port 26 having a ventilation fan for performing forced ventilation. .

The interior space of the room 23 on the top floor is
Normally open forced-ventilation ventilator 27 with ventilation fan for forced ventilation
It is configured to communicate with the outside air via the. The internal spaces of each room 11 communicate with each other, and the internal spaces of adjacent rooms on the same floor communicate with each other via an openable / closable opening formed in a column space. This will be described later in detail.

The interior spaces of the lower and upper floor rooms communicate with each other via a stairway 28. Here, a radiator 29 to which a heat exchange fluid such as water or hot water is circulated and supplied is provided at a position above the ground in the underfloor space 14, and the outside air is introduced into the underfloor space 14 to radiate the outside air. An air supply pipe 30 for discharging toward the upper surface of the body 29 is provided.

Tap water is circulated and supplied to the radiator 29 in summer and the like, and hot water from the boiler 31 is circulated and supplied in winter and the like. One end of the air supply pipe 30 penetrates the base 17 and opens to the outside air as a normally open air supply port 30A, and the other end is opened at a position facing the upper surface of the heat radiator 29. The ground in the underfloor space 14 is a sand ground 32.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 34 denotes a ventilation fan for ventilating the internal space of each room 11, and 35 denotes a window of each room 11. Next, a specific example of the configuration of the uppermost part of the building will be described with reference to FIG. An opening 38 provided with a wooden or aluminum openable / closable space fitting 37 is provided in the space 36.

The interior space of the room 23 on the top floor is provided on the corridor side, and a stair 28 is provided. A skylight 24 is provided on the ceiling of the room 23 on the top floor.
Has an automatic opening / closing type or a manual opening / closing type. A freely openable and closable vent 33 communicating the attic space 10 and the interior space of the room 23 on the top floor,
It is formed in a wall portion 39 that separates the attic space 10 from the interior space of the room 23 on the top floor, and the vent 33 is provided with a screen door 40 and a manual or electric type breathe 41 as opening / closing means.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of a freely openable and closable vent 33 communicating between the attic space and the interior space of the room 23 on the top floor. In this embodiment, a wooden fitting 42 and an aluminum sash are used. And a screen door 43 are provided. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, auxiliary ventilation ports 44 are formed on both sides of the ventilation port 33 in which the wooden fitting 42, the aluminum sash, and the screen door 43 are provided. An electric opening and closing ventilator with shutter may be attached.

In such a configuration, the window 35 (hereinafter, referred to as the window 35) under various conditions such as the four seasons, particularly, the summer and winter, and the presence / absence of air-conditioning.
A), skylight 24 (hereinafter, referred to as B), and opening 38 (hereinafter, referred to as B)
C), forced ventilation port 27 (hereinafter, D), ventilation fan 34 (hereinafter, E), air supply port 30A (hereinafter, F), underfloor ventilation port 16
(Hereinafter, G), ventilation port 33 (hereinafter, H), natural ventilation port 2
5 (hereinafter, I), the forced ventilation port 26 (hereinafter, J), the forced ventilation port 22 (hereinafter, K), and the natural ventilation port 21 (hereinafter, L) are as follows.

At the time of cooling off each room in summer, A is open, B is open, C is open, D is open, E is open, F is open, G
Is open, H is open, I is closed, J is open, K is open, and L is open. When each room is turned on, A is closed, B is closed, C is closed, D is open, E is open, F is open, G
Is open, H is open, I is closed, J is open, K is open, and L is open.

The winter chambers Heating Nyutoki-Setsuji both A is closed, B is closed, C is closed, D is open, E is open, F is open, G
Is closed, H is closed, I is closed, J is open, K is open, and L is open. Spring, autumn, rainy season A is open, B is open, C is open, D is open, E is open, F is open, G
Is open, H is open, I is open, J is open, K is closed, and L is open.

Next, an air flow state in a building and its operation and effect will be described. In summer, when each room is turned off, the natural ventilation port 21 is closed and the forced ventilation port 22 is closed.
Is opened, outside air is introduced into the outside ventilation layer 19 from the outside air suction port 20, rises up the layer 19 and is discharged from the forced ventilation port 22. In this case, the air passing through the outer ventilation layer 19 becomes a high-speed flow, the amount of air is large, the rise in the temperature of the inner wall of the building can be suppressed, and the high temperature wind from the ridge is Flow into the ventilation layer 19 is suppressed.

On the other hand, the outside air flowing into the internal space from the opened window 35 of each room 11 reaches the internal space of the room 23 on the top floor, and is discharged therefrom through the skylight 24 to the outside air. Outside air introduced from the air supply port 30A through the air supply pipe 30 is discharged toward the radiator 29 and cooled. In addition, since the temperature in the ground is lower than the outside air, the temperature under the floor is low, and the inner air layer 15 communicates with the internal space of the room 23 on the top floor through the attic space 10 and the open vent 33. Skylight 24 communicating with the interior space of room 23 on the top floor
The temperature is high near the skylight, and the temperature difference between the skylight 24 and the surface of the ground causes an ascending air current.
The outside air flowing from 6 rises in the inner ventilation layer 15 and reaches the attic space 10, from there, reaches the interior space of the room 23 on the top floor via the ventilation opening 33, and flows out there from the outside air through the skylight 24. Is done.

The attic space 10 has a natural ventilation opening 25.
And the exhaust is performed through the forced ventilation port 26. In summer, when each room is turned on, the natural ventilation opening 21 is closed and the forced ventilation opening 22 is opened as in the case of turning off, so that outside air is introduced from the outside air suction port 20 into the outside ventilation layer 19, 1
9 and is discharged from the forced ventilation port 22.

On the other hand, since the window 35 of each room 11 is closed and the skylight 24 is also closed, outside air does not flow out of the interior space of each room 23 to the skylight 24. Further, as in the case of cooling off, outside air introduced from the air supply port 30A through the air supply pipe 30 is discharged toward the radiator 29 to be cooled, and the outside air flowing from the underfloor ventilation port 16 due to the generated ascending airflow. Ascending the inner ventilation layer 15 to the attic space 10, from where
Through the vent 33, it reaches the interior space of the room 23 on the top floor,
From here, it is discharged to the outside air through the forced ventilation port 27.

The forced ventilation opening 26 is provided from the attic space 10.
Exhaust only takes place via. In winter, the forced ventilation port 22 is closed and the natural ventilation port 21 is opened, so that outside air is introduced from the outside air intake port 20 into the outer ventilation layer 19, rises the layer 19 and is discharged from the natural ventilation port 21. Is done. In this case, the air passing through the outer ventilation layer 19 has a low flow rate, has a small air volume, and does not release heat inside the building. .

On the other hand, the outside air introduced from the air supply port 30A through the air supply pipe 29 is discharged toward the radiator 29 and heated. In this case, moisture from the ground made of sand is sucked into the underfloor space 14, and the air warmed by the radiator 29 becomes hot and humid air and rises in the inner ventilation layer 15, so that the attic space 10 And from here, the forced ventilation port 26
Through the air to the outside air.

According to the ventilation structure described above, at the time of cooling off each room in the summer, the outside air flowing into each internal space from the opened window 35 of each room 11 and the like passes through each internal space and becomes a room on the upper floor. 11, from there through an open opening such as a transom, to the interior space of the room 23 on the top floor, and flows out to the outside air through the open skylight 24 from here.

On the other hand, the outside air introduced into the inner ventilation layer 15 from the opened underfloor ventilation opening 16 reaches the attic space 10 via the opening 15, and from the opened ventilation opening 33 to the internal space of the room 23 on the top floor. And flows out from the skylight 24 to the outside air by the flow of the internal space air flowing out of the skylight through the skylight 24 to the outside air. In this way, the outside air or the like cooled by the heat radiator 29 is circulated through the inner ventilation layer 15, and the outside air is transmitted to the skylight 2 together with the inner ventilation layer 15 and the air inside the rooms 11.
4 to the outside air, the flow of air in the inner ventilation layer 15 is improved, and the air easily escapes from the inner ventilation layer 15 to the outside. Therefore, the effect of providing the inner ventilation layer 15, that is, in summer, The effect of being cool and the effect of reducing moisture during the rainy season and the like can be sufficiently exhibited.

In the winter season or the like, the flow of air through the internal space of each room 11 is eliminated, and the air heated by the radiator 29 is allowed to flow through the inner ventilation layer 15 from the underfloor space 14. A heating effect is obtained. In addition, skylight 24
Each of the openings (hereinafter, referred to as B) needs to be opened and closed in summer and winter, etc., but may be automatically controlled based on the temperature. There is no need to open and close the device, which is convenient.

[0033]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, since the air flow in the inner ventilation layer is improved and the air easily escapes from the inner ventilation layer to the outside, the inner ventilation layer is provided. That is, the effect of being cool in summer, and the effect of reducing moisture in the rainy season and the like can be sufficiently exhibited. In particular, in the invention according to claim 1,
Installed near the ground above the ground in the underfloor space,
A radiator to which the replacement fluid is circulated and supplied; and
To discharge the outside air toward the upper surface of the radiator.
Air supply pipe for the inner ventilation layer
Through the outside air cooled by the radiator
Inside ventilation layer, from the skylight to the outside air together with the air inside the room
Outflow for better air flow in the inner ventilation layer
It becomes easy for air to escape from the inside ventilation layer to the outside
The effect of the inner ventilation layer is that
And the effect of reducing moisture in the rainy season etc.
Will be demonstrated in minutes. In winter, etc.,
Eliminates airflow through the interior space of the house and vents inside
Allows air heated by a radiator to flow through the underfloor space
Thereby, a heating effect can be obtained effectively.

According to the second aspect of the invention, natural ventilation and forced ventilation of the attic space can be performed. According to the invention according to claim 3, forced ventilation of the internal space of the room on the top floor can be performed. According to the invention according to claim 4, the heat insulating layer can be formed outside the building by the outer ventilation layer.

According to the invention of claim 5, natural ventilation and forced ventilation of the outer ventilation layer can be performed. Claim 6-
According to the invention of Item 8, the internal spaces of the rooms communicate with each other through the openable and closable openings and stairs formed in the columns, and the air permeability of all the rooms is improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of a ventilation structure of a building according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the ventilation structure of the above in a more simplified manner.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a specific example of the configuration of the uppermost part of the building in the ventilation structure of the above.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view illustrating another specific example.

FIG. 5 is a front view showing another example of a vent portion in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a conventional ventilation structure of a building.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Attic space 11 Room 12 Inner covering material 13 Outer covering material 14 Underfloor space 15 Inner ventilation layer 16 Underfloor ventilation hole 18 Insulation material 19 Outer ventilation layer 20 Outside air intake port 23 Room on top floor 24 Skylight 33 Vent port

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E04B 1/70 E04B 1/74-1/76

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. An attic space formed in an attic, an inner covering material defining an interior space of a room, and an outer covering material defining an outer shell of a building, wherein the attic space, the underfloor space, An inner ventilation layer that communicates with, an openable / closable underfloor vent that communicates outside air with the underfloor space, and is provided at a position above the ground in the underfloor space,
A radiator through which heat exchange fluid is circulated and supplied, and outside air is introduced into the underfloor space , and outside air is supplied to the radiator above the radiator.
An air supply pipe for discharging toward the surface, an openable / closable skylight that is formed on the roof and communicates with the interior space of the room on the top floor, and communicates the attic space with the interior space of the room on the top floor. A ventilation structure for a building, comprising: a vent that can be freely opened and closed; 2. The attic space communicates with outside air through a freely openable natural ventilation port for performing natural ventilation and a normally open forced ventilation port having a ventilation fan for performing forced ventilation. The ventilation structure of the building according to 1. 3. The building according to claim 1, wherein the interior space of the room on the top floor communicates with the outside air through a normally open forced ventilation port provided with a ventilation fan for forced ventilation. Ventilation structure. 4. An outer ventilation layer is provided outside the inner ventilation layer with a heat insulating material interposed therebetween. A lower portion of the outer ventilation layer communicates with outside air through a lower opening, and an upper portion thereof communicates with an upper opening through an upper opening. The ventilation structure for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ventilation structure communicates with outside air. Wherein said upper opening is opened and closed free natural ventilation port to perform natural ventilation, according to claim 4, characterized in that they are composed of a forced ventilation opening provided with a ventilation fan of forced ventilation
Ventilation structure of the building. 6. The ventilation structure for a building according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said rooms are provided, and an internal space of each room communicates with each other. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the internal spaces of adjacent rooms on the same floor communicate with each other through an openable / closable opening formed in the space between the rooms. Building ventilation structure. 8. The ventilation structure for a building according to claim 1, wherein the internal spaces of the lower floor and upper floor rooms communicate with each other via stairs.