JP3038343B2 - Damping device and mounting method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[Industrial applications] Various seismic isolation devices (various laminated rubber, sliding bearings, rolling bearings, etc.) are installed between the ground and structures to protect the structures from strong ground motions during large earthquakes. Seismic isolation structures that prevent ground vibrations from being directly transmitted have been put to practical use. The present invention proposes an effective high-performance damping device (= energy absorbing device) to dramatically improve the seismic isolation effect and safety performance of these seismic isolation structures, and provides a higher-performance and safer seismic isolation device. This enables the realization of a structure. Further, the present device can also be used as a damping device for a vibration control / vibration control structure that enhances the damping performance of the structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to protect a structure from strong ground vibration during a large earthquake, an isolator such as a laminated rubber seismic isolation device, a sliding bearing, a rolling bearing, etc. is arranged between the ground and the structure. A seismic isolation structure that supports and protects structures from earthquake motion by combining it with a damper as an energy absorbing device has been put to practical use. Further, a laminated rubber seismic isolation device with a lead plug and a high damping laminated rubber seismic isolation device having both functions of an isolator and a damper have been put to practical use.

[0003] Damping devices for the purpose of energy absorption include steel dampers and lead dampers that utilize hysteretic energy absorption associated with plastic deformation of metal, friction dampers that utilize friction, oil dampers, viscous dampers, and viscoelastic dampers. Have been put to practical use.

In order to further enhance the seismic isolation effect, a suspension-type seismic isolation structure in which a structure is suspended from above without using a seismic isolation device such as a laminated rubber or a sliding bearing for supporting the structure from below is used as an isolator. (Patent No. 250
No. 1648) has also been proposed.

[0005]

The [invention is a problem to be solved] of the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake as the beginning, the maximum horizontal acceleration of ground is 1000cm / s ² before and after, the maximum ground motion rate is extremely strong that 100cm / s before and after or more in recent years of the earthquake disaster Earthquake motion has been observed. It is extremely difficult to design a structure that is safe against such strong ground motions using the conventional seismic construction method, and the number of structures designed using a seismic isolation structure is increasing.

[0006] The seismic isolation structure can greatly reduce the response acceleration and seismic force generated in the upper structure as compared with the conventional seismic structure. However, as the input seismic motion (particularly, the long-period component) becomes stronger, the seismic isolation structure increases. Large deformation occurs in the seismic device. Therefore,
In order to realize a seismic isolation structure that is safe even with extremely strong earthquake motion and has a high seismic isolation effect, either realize a seismic isolation device that can tolerate extremely large horizontal deformation or suppress the deformation that occurs in the seismic isolation device Either one is required.

[0007] It is considered to be a practical solution from an economic point of view to suppress the deformation generated in the seismic isolation device as much as possible. However, in order to suppress the deformation, the yield strength of the damper is increased, and If a method of increasing the resistance of the seismic isolation device such as increasing the rigidity is adopted, a contradiction occurs in that the seismic isolation effect (response acceleration suppression effect) is deteriorated. Also, any damping device that has been put to practical use, such as a hysteresis damper, an oil damper, and a viscous material damper, has a limit in its ability to follow large deformations like the laminated rubber. In addition, the viscous-body damper uses a viscous mechanism (=
Although it has excellent performance in seismic response characteristics of base-isolated structures because it is a speed-dependent type, it is difficult to apply seismically isolated structures to large structures due to their capacity limitations. It is said that.

In view of the above, the present invention can be adopted as a damping device for all types of structures including seismic isolation structures of all types. Even in the case of large deformation, the capacity of the structure can be increased without increasing the seismic response of the structure. An object of the present invention is to realize an ideal energy absorbing device (= damping device) that can efficiently absorb large energy without a limit and can follow a large relative displacement as much as possible without any limitation in deformation performance.

[0009]

In order to suppress the seismic deformation occurring in the seismic isolation device, it is necessary to quickly consume the seismic energy input to the seismic isolation structure. On the other hand, since the response acceleration and the seismic inertial force generated in the seismic isolation structure depend on the resistance of the entire seismic isolation device, it is desirable that the total resistance of the entire device be as small as possible.

The restoring force characteristics of all types of seismic isolation devices can be regarded as the sum of the resistance of an isolator having substantially linear performance and the nonlinear loop of a damper. In a hysteretic damper using metal or a friction type damper using friction or friction, the resistance (proof strength after yielding) is kept constant regardless of the deformation of the isolator. Maximum deformation resistance + damper resistance = sum of maximum values of both ".

On the other hand, in the case of a viscous damper (= a damper using the viscous law as a basic mechanism for generating a resistive force), its resistive force depends on the speed. Zero), when the maximum resistance of the isolator is generated (= maximum deformation), the resistance of the damper becomes zero, and the resistance of the entire device does not become the sum of the maximum resistance of the isolator and the damper. It can be suppressed to a value considerably smaller than the maximum sum. Also,
Since the viscous damper loses its resistance at the end of vibration such as an earthquake, there is no risk of residual deformation, and the resistance of the isolator can be set small (the period of the structure is long).

From the above viewpoints, the damping device of the present invention employs a viscous damper as a basic mechanism. For the viscous damper, oil dampers, flat type viscous dampers, wall-shaped viscous dampers (viscosity damping walls) have been used so far.
Although the three types have been put to practical use, any of the damping devices for seismic isolation structures that require large deformation have the following problems. Oil damper-A cylinder-shaped device that generates resistance only in one axial direction. -Therefore, in order to allow large deformation simultaneously in two horizontal directions, it is necessary to introduce a rotatable pin joint and arrange dampers in each of the two directions. -Since internal pressure is generated, sealing to prevent oil leakage is important, and the piston sliding part requires a great deal of maintenance work to prevent rust and dust from entering.・ Since play occurs at the joint part, performance cannot be exhibited for minute vibration. Flat-type viscous damper ・ Because it requires more movable clearance around a large resistance plate, it becomes a very large device in plan.・ In order to achieve the damping performance required for large structures, large capacity devices are required, and it is necessary to use very large devices or arrange a large number of devices. Will be difficult. -When the resistance plate moves in a viscous fluid with a large stroke, it is difficult to move horizontally while maintaining a constant gap (= layer thickness of the viscous fluid) between the resistance plate and the bottom plate. A floating problem of the plate occurs, and it is difficult to exhibit a predetermined resistance. Wall-shaped viscous damper (Viscous damping wall) ・ Since the resistance plate has a sandwich structure, the problem of stability during the movement of the resistance plate of the device described in the preceding paragraph has been solved. A spacer (through bolt) is indispensable, and it is extremely difficult to allow a large displacement of several tens cm or more due to its structure.・ Because it is a vertical wall type device, it is not suitable for placement in low-height spaces such as seismic isolation layers. The present invention overcomes the above-mentioned problems of the existing viscous damper as described below in order to realize a viscous damper suitable for a seismic isolation structure requiring the greatest horizontal displacement. .

In order to realize a high-performance seismic isolation structure which can be used as a damping device for large structures, a viscous damper having a large capacity and capable of exhibiting a stable performance even in a large displacement motion is required. Is an essential condition. On the other hand, the viscous resistance of the viscous damper is determined by the viscosity of the viscous fluid, the gap between the resistive plates, and the area of the resistive plate. It is difficult to make the gap smaller than a certain value due to the restriction on ensuring the accuracy of the above. Therefore, in order to obtain a large capacity, the area of the resistor plate must be increased. However, in the above-described device, the plane dimension is too large, and it is impossible to substantially secure a large capacity. In addition, it is extremely difficult for the apparatus to follow a large stroke displacement while maintaining a constant gap as described above.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by rolling the flat resistive plate of the above-described apparatus into a cylindrical shape. That is, by forming the resistance plate into a cylindrical shape, it is possible to secure a resistance plate area of 6 times or more (circularity x 2 surfaces) of the plane dimension (diameter x cylinder length), and furthermore, a cylindrical member having a slightly different diameter. Can be easily inserted and combined, so that a larger resistance plate area can be easily secured. Because the multiple cylindrical members rotate, the gap between the resistance plates is always kept constant according to the difference in radius.Moreover, there is no limit to the displacement tracking performance due to the rotational movement, and no matter how large the displacement Can be stably followed.

The cylindrical member constituting the present apparatus is divided into two sets of cylindrical groups, and each cylindrical group is obtained by integrating every other cylindrical member with a connecting plate disposed at the center or end of the cylinder. I have. Therefore, when a rotational motion is given to one of the cylindrical groups, every other cylindrical member rotates simultaneously with respect to the other cylindrical group. Since the viscous fluid is filled between the cylindrical curved surfaces facing each other, the viscous resistance force (torque) is generated by the relative rotational motion. In order to take out this torque (rotational resistance) as a damping resistance between two points where relative displacement occurs, the method of mounting the present damping device is important.

That is, when used as a damping device for a base-isolated structure separately supported from the ground by an isolator, one of the two sets of cylinders is ground (= foundation structure).
The other cylinder, which is solid to the side, must be connected to cause rotation by the horizontal relative movement of the structure. For this purpose, a disk-shaped gear having the same central axis as the cylindrical axis is provided in the cylindrical group on the rotating side, and a geared flat plate (spur gear) that meshes with the gear is attached to the structure side, and the two are brought into contact. The disk gear on the cylinder group side can directly mesh with the plate gear on the structure side as a gear larger than the diameter of the cylinder group on the rotation side, or as a gear with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the cylinder group on the rotation side. Another gear can be interposed between the side plate gear and the displacement of the structure can be transmitted to the rotational movement of the cylinder group.

In a seismic isolation structure in which laminated rubber is used for the isolator, there is a possibility that vertical sinking may occur in the structure due to long-term creep deformation of the laminated rubber. Also, the seismic isolation device with low vertical rigidity may cause relative displacement in the vertical direction during an earthquake, etc., so even if this vertical displacement occurs, the gear contact between the device and the structure operates normally. In order to be able to insert the compression spring into the lower side of the damping device, the device is installed so as to be pressed against the upper structure from below. This is the mounting method according to the third aspect of the present invention.

The present damping device is a damping device that converts a movement between two points that cause relative displacement, such as between the ground and a base-isolated structure, into a rotary motion to generate a viscous drag force and absorb energy. The method of converting the relative displacement between the two points into the rotational motion of the present apparatus is possible other than using a gear. The simplest method is to omit gears and make friction contact.
The resistive force is transmitted by frictional force. Another method is to use a string-shaped band such as a cable or a chain in which the rotating cylinder is wound around the rotating cylinder, take both ends of the cylindrical body at a certain distance or more from the device, and move it to the structure side. It is a method of fixing. This is the method for connecting the apparatus and the structure according to the second aspect.

The above is a description of the case where the cylinder axis of the present damping device is arranged horizontally. The present device utilizes the principle that viscous resistance is generated by the relative rotational movement between two sets of cylinders. Therefore, the cylindrical axis does not need to be horizontal.
As long as the movement between the two points that cause relative displacement can be converted into the rotational movement of the cylinder group, in principle, the cylinder axis may be installed in any direction. This is the fourth aspect, but when the cylindrical shaft is arranged in the vertical direction, the method of connecting the structure to the present apparatus is easier than that of the second aspect using a cord-like band such as a cable or a chain. .

[0020]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings showing embodiments. FIG. 1 shows a flat type viscous damper for a base-isolated structure which has been put to practical use. When a relative movement occurs between the resistance plate 1 that moves in the same horizontal direction as the upper seismic isolation building 6 and the resistance plate 2 fixed to the lower foundation, since the viscous fluid 4 exists between the two resistance plates, the relative velocity is reduced. This is a mechanism that generates a proportional viscous drag force.

This device has a drawback in that since the movable plate is provided with a movable clearance around the resistor plate 1 in the horizontal direction, the movable displacement becomes larger and the device has a plane dimension extremely large with respect to the area of the resistor plate. . Further, since the fixing portion 5 of the resistance plate has a play to release long-term vertical creep deformation of the laminated rubber and vertical displacement during an earthquake, the resistance plate 1 rises when a large horizontal displacement occurs, and a predetermined viscous resistance is obtained. There is a high possibility that power will not be exerted.

As a viscous damping device having a mechanism for maintaining a constant gap between the two resistance plates, a wall-shaped viscous damper (viscosity damping wall) shown in FIG. 2 has been put to practical use. However, in this device, in order to keep the distance between the outer wall plates constant,
The through bolt 31 penetrates, and the movable displacement is restricted by the size of the loose hole 32 provided therearound, and it is difficult to secure an excessively large movable displacement.

The device shown in FIG.
FIG. 2 and FIG.
This is a damping device that replaces the resistance mechanism of the damping wall with the rotational movement of the resistance plate. Also in this device, the movable displacement is limited by the size of the surrounding loose hole 32 because of the through bolt 31 penetrating between the outer wall plates. Further, since the resistance plate is a rotating flat plate, the relative speed decreases as the resistance plate is closer to the center, and there is a disadvantage that a large resistance cannot be obtained for the external dimensions of the device.

The present invention has solved all of the disadvantages of the viscous damper described above, and the constitutional diagrams thereof are shown in FIGS. FIG. 4 shows the appearance of the apparatus in the longitudinal direction and FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in the cylinder axis (longitudinal) direction and the cylinder cross-section direction showing the arrangement of cylindrical members that generate a viscous resistance force and the configuration of two sets of cylindrical groups as an aggregate thereof.

As shown in FIG. 6, the present apparatus has a structure in which a plurality of cylindrical members each having a slightly different diameter are inserted and combined with a small gap with the same central axis. And a fixed-side cylindrical group integrated by the end connecting plate 26. The fixed-side cylindrical group 25 is fixed to the ground / foundation or support structure side, and the other rotary-side cylindrical group 15 is in contact with the base-isolated structure side via the central rotary plate 16. The outermost circumferential surface of the central rotary plate 16 is a gear, which meshes with a flat gear fixed to the structure (seismically isolated building) 6. Due to the relative horizontal displacement of the structure 6 side, the cylindrical group 15 of the present apparatus causes a rotational movement,
A relative displacement occurs due to rotation between the cylinder group 25 fixed to the foundation ground side. Since the viscous fluid 4 is filled in the gap between the cylindrical surfaces facing each other of the two cylindrical groups,
Due to the relative rotation (shift) movement of the two, a viscous resistance force corresponding to the relative speed is generated.

In this apparatus, since the resistance plate shape is a cylindrical shape, not only can a large resistance plate area be secured with respect to its outer dimensions (diameter x length), but also the distance between the resistance plates (cylindrical surface) between the two cylinder groups. Is always kept constant because of the difference in radius of the cylindrical member. In addition, because of the rotational motion, there is no limit to the displacement follow-up performance, and the performance can be exhibited even for a large deformation.

Reference numeral 16 in FIG. 6 denotes an inner end connecting plate in which the cylindrical members of the rotating cylinder group are integrated. The two units are integrated by bolts 18 to form a symmetrical device. The outermost edge portion 17 of the connecting disk 16 is formed in a gear shape, and meshes with a wavy gear flat plate 67 provided on the seismic isolation structure 6 shown in FIG. The gear plate 67 has a planar spread so that the horizontal displacement of the seismic isolation structure in the orthogonal direction can be released by slipping while causing a rotational movement in the apparatus. In addition, even when vertical displacement occurs between the base-isolated structure and the foundation, the rotation generating mechanism (meshing between the central rotating plate 16 and the gear flat plate 67) of the device is not lost so that the base plate 71 at the lower portion of the device is not lost. Basic 7
The device is installed in a state where a compression spring 73 is inserted between the devices and the device is pressed against the seismic isolation structure 6.

FIG. 7 shows that the above-mentioned spring support is used.
This figure shows a case where an auxiliary support stay 75 is provided for stabilizing the apparatus so that the apparatus does not rotate due to horizontal resistance generated in the apparatus.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a method of connecting the present apparatus to a structure according to the second aspect. Instead of using the engagement of gears as shown in FIGS. This is a method of winding around a cylindrical group 15 on the side with a cord-like band 68 such as a belt or a chain, and fixing both ends to the structure side with a slight distance therebetween. In order to prevent the mechanism of the rotating rope from collapsing due to the displacement in the orthogonal direction, it is necessary to secure a certain distance between the rotating cylinder group of the present apparatus and the fixed position of the cord-shaped band 68.

In the above, the case where the present apparatus is installed with the rotating cylindrical axis in the horizontal direction has been described. However, since the apparatus of the present invention is based on the rotary motion, the central axis of the rotation is as described in claim 4. It is clear that the resistance is exerted even in the vertical direction and in the inclined oblique direction.

[0031]

As described above, the damping device of the present invention has a wide range of applications and achieves excellent performance which has been difficult to achieve with conventional damping devices. Vibration control and vibration control structures can be realized. The first use of this device is to use it in combination with a conventional seismic isolation structure. Fig. 9 shows the installation procedure for seismic isolation structures. Seismic isolation structures supported by laminated rubber seismic isolation devices such as laminated rubber with lead plugs or high-damping laminated rubber, sliding bearings, rolling bearings, etc. Applicable to all things. Since this device can suppress the response displacement when extremely severe earthquake motion is input without increasing the yield strength of the seismic isolation structure, the seismic isolation device (isolator) can be used without increasing the acceleration response of the upper structure. ) Can be suppressed. In addition, there is no possibility that the damper will be destroyed by a large deformation that is more than expected. Therefore, it is extremely effective as a measure for improving the safety of conventional seismic isolation structures, and the present apparatus can be added as a retrofit device as a measure for improving the safety of existing seismic isolation structures. This effect cannot be realized by a hysteretic damper utilizing plastic deformation of steel or the like.

Needless to say, the greatest strength of the present damping device is that there is no limit to the allowable deformation amount that can exhibit the damping performance, and that the relative displacement generated between the ground / foundation or the supporting structure and the base-isolated structure is large. Even so, the damping performance can be surely exhibited. This means that it is possible to increase the safety performance of the seismic isolation structure as long as the allowable deformation amount of the isolator is increased.

In addition, the present device having no limit to the allowable deformation amount,
This is an optimal device especially when it is desired to impart damping performance to a structure that causes a large relative displacement. One example is to combine the damping device of the present invention with a rolling bearing or a suspension type seismic isolation structure as shown in FIG. Patent No. 25
In the suspension type seismic isolation structure shown in No. 01648 or the like, since it is necessary to allow a large movable displacement, the present device having no limit on the movable displacement is particularly effective.
A high-performance seismic isolation structure far exceeding the performance achieved by the conventional seismic isolation structure can be realized.

As a structure requiring a large allowable displacement of the damping device, there is a long suspension bridge of a suspension type shown in FIG. At the connection between the bridge deck and the piers of the suspension bridge, the expansion and contraction of the bridge deck due to temperature changes is released, and a viscous damper that can exhibit extremely large displacement that can exhibit damping performance against earthquakes and storms is required. I have. In response to this requirement, the device can allow any damping force and unlimited allowable deformation for relative movement in the bridge axis direction without taking up a large space. Particularly, a damping device for a bridge is required to have an extremely large allowable displacement only in the bridge axis direction.

As described above, the present damping device generates a speed-dependent viscous damping force that is most effective in suppressing vibration, and has no limitation on the displacement following performance. As a countermeasure, it has realized extremely high safety performance exceeding that of the prior art, and also has realized a new structure with extremely high performance. Further, the present device has a feature that the size and capacity of the entire device can be easily manufactured from a small size to a large size.
If placed between points, large relative displacement occurs and large-scale seismic isolation structures requiring large capacity performance, as well as damping devices for seismic isolation structures for small objects such as workpieces and equipment, various machines and piping The excellent performance can also be used for vibration prevention devices and damping devices for vibration control and vibration control structures.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view (a sectional view and a plan view) of a conventional flat-type viscous damper for a base-isolated building.

FIG. 2 is an elevation view of a conventional wall-shaped viscous material damper (viscosity damping wall).

FIG. 3 is an elevation view and a sectional view of a conventional rotary motion type viscous vibration control wall.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal elevation view of the rotary cylindrical viscous damper of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a view showing the same apparatus, the lateral direction elevation and the installation procedure

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a cylindrical group formed by the same device and a cylindrical member (cylindrical axis (longitudinal) direction cross-sectional view and cylindrical cross-sectional configuration diagram).

Fig. 7 Same as above, installation procedure diagram and short side direction auxiliary stay installation procedure

Fig. 8 Connection procedure using the same device and string-like connection band

[Fig. 9] Installation procedure of this device on a base-isolated structure

Fig. 10 Installation procedure of this device in a suspension type seismic isolation building

Fig. 11 Installation procedure of this device on a long suspension bridge

[Explanation of symbols]

1: resistance plate 2: fixed-side resistance plate 3: resistance plate gap 4: viscous fluid 5: resistance plate fixing part 6: seismic isolation building 7: ground-side foundation / support structure 10: whole device of the present invention 11: inner wall resistance plate 12: Inner wall side projection 15: Rotation side cylinder group 16: Rotation side cylinder group connection plate and rotation disk 17: Rotation disk end gear 18: Rotation disk connection bolt 21: Outer wall resistance plate 25: Fixed side cylinder group 26 ： Fixed side cylinder group end connecting plate 27 ： Rotating disk protection part 31 ： Through bolt for maintaining damping wall spacing 32 ： Loose hole 51 ： Inner wall resistance plate rotation support part 60 ： Seismically isolated building column 61 ： Building upper floor Floor 62: Beam on the upper floor side of the building 63: Stiffener 64: Projection for fixing the beam side 65: Floor on the lower floor side of the building 67: Seismic isolation building side connection gear plate 68: String band for device rotation connection 69: Connecting cord-like band fixing part 71: Upper base plate for fixing the device G: Lower base plate for device fixing 73: Spring for device crimping 74: Anchor bolt 75: Auxiliary stay for device stabilization 80: Supporting structure 81: Suspended rod 82: Seismic isolation building body 90: Main tower for suspension bridge 91: Bridge girder and floorboard

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. Two or more cylindrical members having slightly different diameters are inserted and combined so that the cylindrical axes are horizontal and have the same center line, and the cylindrical curved surfaces face each other with a small gap.
Two sets of cylinders are formed in which every other cylindrical member is integrated so as to rotate in the same manner, and a gap between the opposed cylindrical curved surfaces is filled with a viscous fluid. A damping device used for civil engineering, building structures, and workpieces. This damping device generates two relative displacements between the structure and the ground, between structures and between structures, or between two points within one structure. One of the two sets of cylinders is fixed to one of the two points, the other is in contact with the other point via a gear, and the relative position between the two points The motion causes a rotational motion in the cylindrical group on the gear side, causing a relative rotation between the cylindrical curved surfaces of the two cylindrical groups facing each other, and generating the viscous drag force by the action of the viscous fluid filled in the gap. A damping device characterized by the above-mentioned. 2. A damping device having the same structure as in claim 1, wherein in a method of connecting between two points where relative displacement occurs in which the device is disposed, one set of cylinders is fixed to one point side. A connection method in which the other cylinder group is rotated by frictional contact with another point side, or a cable or chain that is connected to the other point side and circumferentially winds the rotation side cylinder group in the middle A damping device using a connection method in which a rotational movement is generated via a cord-like band such as that described above. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a spring is disposed between the fixed-side support point and the damping device, and the device is crimped to the other point. A method of mounting a damping device, characterized by being performed.