JP3020853B2 - Hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant, that is, a power plant using a gas turbine using hydrogen as a fuel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A gas turbine plant using hydrogen as a fuel does not emit carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), which is a cause of global warming, unlike a plant using a conventional fossil fuel. It is attracting attention as a clean energy source. In addition, since hydrogen becomes inert steam after burning, if it is used in a closed cycle using steam or another inert gas as a working fluid, the problem due to high-temperature oxidation can be avoided. At present, open-cycle gas turbine plants that use fossil fuels suffer from the problem of deterioration of high-temperature parts due to high-temperature oxidation due to oxidizing gas generated from fuel in the working fluid and oxygen remaining in the working fluid in a considerable amount. I have.

[0003] The high-temperature oxidation is more likely to proceed as the temperature of the components constituting the turbine, particularly the components in contact with the working fluid, increases. For this reason, it is necessary to cool the parts, but it is known that the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine plant decreases as the cooling medium used for the cooling increases. Technology for cooling with a small amount of cooling medium has been actively developed.

On the other hand, in gas turbine plants, it is known that the higher the maximum temperature, the higher the thermal efficiency.
This maximum temperature has been increasing at an accelerating rate in recent years, in combination with the achievement of the above-mentioned cooling technology development. However, technical development for cooling has recently seen limitations, and the increase in thermal efficiency obtained by increasing the maximum temperature has become incompatible with the decrease in thermal efficiency due to the increase in the amount of cooling medium.
The rise in maximum temperature is about to level off.

[0005] Power plants using hydrogen as fuel have received attention in another sense. Hydrogen, unlike fossil fuels, can be produced anywhere with power. This suggests that developing countries, which have abundant potential power resources such as hydropower, but lack the required industrial and private demand, can produce and export hydrogen as an energy source, Activation is possible.

[0006] In view of the above, power generation systems using hydrogen as fuel have been receiving attention, and research and development of technologies for production, transportation, storage, and utilization of hydrogen have been started in Japan as a national project.

FIG. 6 shows an example of the prior art of a hydrogen-burning gas turbine plant that has been receiving much attention as described above. As shown in FIG. 6, in this hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant, a combustor 1, a back pressure turbine 2, a condenser 3 and a compressor 4 are sequentially connected by a gas pipe 5, and an inert gas is used as a working fluid. It constitutes a closed cycle. The back pressure turbine 2 and the compressor 4 are coaxially connected,
A generator 7 is connected to the back pressure turbine 2 via an output shaft 6. The fuel 9 is supplied to the combustor 1 through a fuel pipe 8.
Hydrogen (H ₂ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ) are supplied. A drain pipe 1 for discharging the drain in the inert gas that has been condensed is provided in a pipe 5 on the downstream side of the condenser 3.
0 and a drain valve 11 are provided.

In the plant system shown in FIG. 6, an inert gas as a working fluid is filled in a closed cycle, and oxygen and hydrogen supplied as fuel react with each other to generate steam or water. Alternatively, water and an inert gas are mixed and flow in the cycle.

First, the inert gas compressed by the compressor 4 is led to the combustor 1 as shown by an arrow a. Then, when the fuel 9 composed of hydrogen and oxygen is charged, the fuel 9 burns and becomes a mixed gas of a very high temperature and high pressure inert gas and water vapor. This very high temperature and high pressure gas mixture is indicated by arrow b
As shown in FIG. 5, while being guided by the back-pressure turbine 2 and expanding to become a high-temperature and low-pressure mixed gas, the compressor 4 is driven via the output shaft 6 and the generator 7 is driven to generate electric power. Let it.

The high-temperature and low-pressure mixed gas from the back-pressure turbine 2 is guided to the condenser 3 and cooled, as shown by an arrow c, to a temperature lower than the dew point of the steam contained therein. Then, the steam becomes drain and is discharged out of the system as drainage 12. The inert gas from which the drain has been separated is again guided to the compressor 4 as shown by an arrow d.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the prior art for starting this system.
Is connected.

At the time of startup, the startup motor 14 is rotated. However, since the system is in a closed cycle, the working fluid pressure in the system is high even in a stop state before startup. In this state, even if the compressor 4 is turned by the starter motor 14 to start the plant, the working fluid does not flow smoothly through the compressor 4, the operating state becomes unstable, and surging occurs, which may not be possible to start the plant. There is.

[0013]

As described above, there is a problem that the compressor cannot be started simply by using the starting motor when starting the hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant which is a closed cycle due to the occurrence of a surging phenomenon in the compressor. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant capable of reliably starting a plant without generating surging during startup.

[0015]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first aspect of the present invention is to sequentially connect a combustor, a gas turbine, a condenser, and a compressor by a gas pipe so that inert gas is removed. A closed cycle that circulates a working fluid is formed, and a generator and the compressor are coaxially connected to the gas turbine, and a combustion gas of a fuel containing hydrogen gas burned in the combustor is mixed with the working fluid. In the hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant in which the gas turbine, the condenser and the compressor are sequentially circulated through the pipe to perform output generation by the generator and steam cooling by the condenser, A gas chamber for pressurizing and replenishing an inert gas as a working fluid is provided. A working fluid receiving portion for receiving and storing the working fluid discharged from the compressor, and forcibly introducing the working fluid into the working fluid receiving portion. And a differential pressure gauge for measuring a differential pressure between a working fluid to be introduced and the inside of a gas chamber is provided at least at a site before or after a working fluid receiving portion of the boost pump. .

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a closed cycle in which a combustor, a gas turbine, a condenser, and a compressor are sequentially connected by a gas pipe to circulate a working fluid composed of an inert gas. A generator and the compressor are coaxially connected to a turbine, and a combustion gas of fuel containing hydrogen gas burned in the combustor is supplied to the gas turbine, the condenser, and the compressor together with the working fluid through the pipe. In the hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant, which is sequentially circulated to generate power by the generator and perform steam cooling by the condenser, a gas chamber for pressurizing and replenishing the gas pipe with an inert gas as a working fluid is provided. The gas chamber includes a pipe for blowing a working fluid to the gas turbine blades as a working fluid pressurized supply unit. Has a working fluid receiving portion for storing accept a working fluid discharged from the compressor,
A boost pump for forcibly introducing a working fluid into the working fluid receiving section is provided, and a pressure difference between the working fluid to be introduced and the inside of the gas chamber is provided at least at a portion before or after the working fluid receiving section of the boost pump. A differential pressure gauge for measurement is provided, and a supply pipe having a flow control valve for sending a working fluid from the gas chamber to the compressor is connected.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

First, an example of a basic configuration based on this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, a combustor 21, a back pressure turbine 22, a condenser 23, and a compressor 24 are sequentially connected by a gas pipe 25 to form a closed cycle using an inert gas as a working fluid. . The back pressure turbine 22 and the compressor 24 are coaxially connected, and a generator 27 is connected to the back pressure turbine 22 via an output shaft 26. Hydrogen (H ₂ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ) are supplied as fuel 29 to the combustor 21 via a fuel pipe 28. A drain pipe 30 and a drain valve 31 for discharging the drain in the inert gas that has been condensed are provided in a pipe 25 on the downstream side of the condenser 23.
Is provided.

In this embodiment, a gas chamber 32 comprising a compression container for storing a working fluid is provided.
The gas chamber 32 is provided between the compressor 24 and the combustor 21.
Is connected via a first supply pipe 33 as a working fluid pressurized supply unit to a gas pipe 25a that sends the working fluid to the gas pipe 25a. The first supply pipe 33 is provided with a flow control valve 34. Further, the gas chamber 32 is connected to a gas pipe 25b that sends a working fluid from the condenser 23 to the compressor 24 via a second supply pipe 35 as a working fluid pressurized supply unit. The second supply pipe 35 is provided with a flow control valve 36. Further, the gas chamber 32 has a receiving pipe 37 as a working fluid receiving section for receiving and storing the working fluid discharged from the compressor 24.
7 is connected to the gas pipe 25a. In addition, a flow control valve 38 and a boost pump 39 for forcibly introducing a working fluid are provided in series in the receiving pipe 37, and a differential pressure gauge 41 for detecting a differential pressure between the upstream and downstream of the boost pump 39 is provided. Is provided.

The gas pipe 25a is provided with a receiving pipe 37.
A check valve 40 that is located closer to the compressor 24 than
The check valve 40 allows only the flow of the working fluid from the compressor 24 to the combustor 21 and prevents the reverse flow.

Next, the operation of the hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant when it is started will be described with reference to FIG. First, with the back pressure turbine 22 and the generator 27 disconnected, the flow control valve 34 of the first supply pipe 33 of the gas chamber 32 is opened. Thereby, the high-pressure working fluid stored in the gas chamber 32 is sent to the combustor 21.

Then, the fuel 29 is burned in the combustor 21, and the working fluid which has become a high temperature gas is sprayed on the blades of the back pressure turbine 22, and is connected to the back pressure turbine 22 via an output shaft 26. The compressor 24 is rotated. The low-pressure high-temperature gas that has exited the back-pressure turbine 22 is condensed and separated from the water vapor in the gas by the condenser 23, and the gas temperature is also lowered to go to the inlet of the compressor 24.

The high-pressure working fluid is again generated by the rotating compressor 24, and the working fluid from the gas chamber 32 is also added thereto. The flow rate gradually increases in the gas pipe 25a, and the plant starts operating. At this time, gas pipe 2
Since the check valve 40 is provided in 5a, the high-pressure working fluid supplied from the gas chamber 32 does not flow backward to the compressor 24 side. Also, the flow control valve 3 of the receiving pipe 37
8 is closed, and the working fluid does not return to the gas chamber 32.

When the pressure on the outlet side of the compressor 24 rises and the flow of the working fluid from inside the gas chamber 32 deteriorates, the flow control valve 34 of the first supply pipe 33 is closed, and the second supply The flow control valve 36 of the pipe 35 is opened. As a result,
Since the gas pipe 25b to which the second supply pipe 35 is connected has a low pressure, the working fluid in the gas chamber 32 easily flows into the plant again.

Next, the operation during the power generation operation after startup will be described with reference to FIG. When the flow of the working fluid reaches a sufficient flow rate for the power generation operation, the back pressure turbine 2 is output via the output shaft 26 while the flow control valves 34, 36 and 38 are closed.
2 and the generator 27 are connected to rotate the generator 27 to start power generation. That is, the inert gas compressed by the compressor 24 is guided to the combustor 21 as shown by the arrow a. Then, when the fuel 29 composed of hydrogen and oxygen is charged, the fuel 29 burns and becomes a mixed gas of a very high temperature and high pressure inert gas and water vapor. This very high temperature and high pressure mixed gas is guided to the back pressure turbine 22 and expanded as shown by an arrow b to become a high temperature and low pressure mixed gas while the output shaft 2
6 drives the compressor 24 and the generator 27
To generate electric power.

The high-temperature and low-pressure mixed gas from the back-pressure turbine 22 is guided to a condenser 23 and cooled, as shown by an arrow c, to a temperature lower than the dew point of the steam contained therein. Then, the steam becomes drain and is discharged out of the system as drainage 12a. The inert gas from which the drain has been separated is again guided to the compressor 24 as shown by an arrow d.

Next, the operation of storing the working fluid in the gas chamber 32 after the termination of the plant operation will be described with reference to FIG. First, the flow control valve 38 of the receiving pipe 37 is opened. As a result, the pressure in the gas pipe 32
Until the pressure in 5a is high, the working fluid can be introduced and stored in the gas chamber 32 without the need to operate the boost pump 39. That is, since the pressure in the plant is increased by the operation, the working fluid flows backward in the gas pipe 25 after the stop as shown by arrows e to j in FIG. When the pressure in the gas chamber 32 becomes equal to the pressure in the plant, the boosting fluid pump 39 is activated to forcibly introduce and store the working fluid into the gas chamber 32. These controls are performed using the value of the detected pressure from the differential pressure gauge 41 attached before and after the boost pump 39.

According to the hydrogen-combustion gas turbine plant and the starting method thereof exemplified above, the gas chamber 32
By flowing the high-pressure working fluid stored in the compressor into the plant and starting it, the flow rate and the number of revolutions gradually increase while creating the flow of the working fluid in the compressor 24. Thus, the plant can be smoothly and reliably started.

FIG. 4 is different from the above configuration example in that the flow path configuration is changed so that the working fluid flowing out of the gas chamber 32 is sent to the compressor 24. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, a conduit for supplying and blowing a working fluid to the blades of the compressor 24, that is, a third supply pipe 51 is drawn from the gas chamber 32 as a working fluid pressurized supply unit. . The third supply pipe 51 is provided with a flow control valve 52. The first
The first supply pipe shown in the embodiment is omitted. A check valve 53 is provided at the compressor inlet side of the gas pipe 25b for supplying the working fluid from the condenser 23 to the compressor 24 in order to prevent the working fluid from flowing back.

When starting the hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant of this configuration example, first, the flow control valve 52 is opened, and a high-pressure working fluid is sent from the gas chamber 32 to the compressor 24, whereby the compressor 24 and the back pressure turbine Turn 22. Further, the working fluid exiting the compressor 24 is led to the combustor 21 to become a high-temperature gas, and turns the back pressure turbine 22. Then, the low-pressure high-temperature gas is separated into water vapor in the gas by the condenser 23, lowers the gas temperature, and goes to the inlet of the compressor 24. The high-pressure working fluid is again generated by the rotating compressor 24, and the working fluid from the gas chamber 32 is added thereto, so that the flow rate gradually increases, and the plant starts operating.

At this time, a check valve 53 is provided at the inlet side of the compressor 24.
The working fluid does not flow backward because of the installation. Then, when the pressure on the outlet side of the compressor 24 rises and the flow of the working fluid from the gas chamber 32 to the plant deteriorates, the flow control valve 52 is closed and the flow control valve 36 of the second supply pipe 35 is closed. Open. As a result, the gas chamber 32
The working fluid in the inside becomes easy to flow again into the plant.

Since the configuration and operation of the plant other than those described above are substantially the same as those in FIG. 1, the corresponding parts in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. .

According to the configuration example of FIG. 4 described above, the working fluid from the gas chamber 32 is supplied to the compressor 24 and sprayed to start the rotation, thereby creating a flow of the working fluid in the compressor 24. Since the flow rate and the rotation speed gradually increase, the surge tank phenomenon of the compressor 24 can be prevented, and the plant can be started smoothly.

Embodiment (FIG. 5) In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, based on the above-described configuration example, the flow path configuration is such that the working fluid flowing out of the gas chamber 32 is directly sent to the back pressure turbine 22. Has changed. That is, from the gas chamber 32, as a working fluid supply unit,
A pipeline that supplies and blows the blades of the back pressure turbine 22, that is, a fourth supply pipe 61 is drawn out. This fourth supply pipe 6
1 is provided with a flow control valve 62. A check valve 63 is provided at the inlet side of the combustor 21 in the gas pipe 25a for supplying the working fluid from the compressor 24 to the combustor 21 in order to prevent a backflow of the working fluid.

When starting the hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant of this embodiment, first, the flow control valve 62 is opened, and the high-pressure working fluid is supplied from the gas chamber 32 to the back pressure turbine 22.
To rotate the back pressure turbine 22 and the compressor 24 (at this time, since the check valve 63 is installed on the inlet side of the combustor 21, the working fluid does not flow backward). Then, the low-pressure working fluid flows toward the inlet of the compressor 24 through the condenser 23. The low-pressure working fluid becomes the high-pressure working fluid again by the rotating compressor 24.

This working fluid enters the combustor 21 and becomes a high-pressure gas. The high-pressure working fluid from the gas chamber 32 is also added to turn the back pressure turbine 22. The high-temperature and low-pressure gas exiting the back-pressure turbine 22 is separated into water vapor in the gas by a condenser 23, reduces the gas temperature, and goes to the inlet of the compressor 24.

As described above, the flow rate of the working fluid gradually increases, and the plant starts operating. Thereafter, when the pressure on the outlet side of the compressor 24 rises and the flow of the working fluid from the gas chamber 32 to the plant deteriorates, the flow control valve 52 is closed and the flow control valve 36 of the second supply pipe 35 is closed. Open. As a result, the working fluid in the gas chamber 32 easily flows into the plant again.

Since the configuration and operation of the plant other than those described above are substantially the same as those in FIG. 1, the corresponding parts in FIG. 5 are assigned the same reference numerals as in FIG. .

According to the above-described embodiment, the working fluid from the gas chamber 32 is supplied to the back-pressure turbine 22 and sprayed to start the rotation. Since the flow rate and the number of rotations increase, the surging phenomenon of the compressor 24 can be prevented, and the plant can be smoothly started.

[0040]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, a surging phenomenon is caused in a compressor by supplying a working fluid from a gas chamber to a back pressure turbine and spraying the working fluid to start rotation. The hydrogen-fired gas turbine plant can be started smoothly without any trouble. Further, by storing the high-pressure working fluid in the gas chamber, the capacity of the gas chamber can be reduced, and the plant can be easily started only by opening the flow control valve. Further, there is an advantage that a large-capacity starting motor is not required as a starting device, and only a small-capacity boost pump is required.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a basic configuration example of an embodiment of the present invention and a state at the time of startup.

FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing an operation state after startup according to the configuration example.

FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing a state after operation according to the configuration example.

FIG. 4 is a system diagram for explaining another configuration example.

FIG. 5 is a system diagram for explaining the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a system diagram showing a conventional hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant.

FIG. 7 is a system diagram showing an example of a conventional technique for starting a hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 Combustor 22 Back pressure turbine 23 Condenser 24 Compressor 25 Gas pipe 25a, 25b Gas pipe 26 Output shaft 27 Generator 28 Fuel pipe 29 Fuel 30 Drain pipe 31 Drain valve 32 Gas chamber 33 First supply pipe 34 Flow rate control Valve 35 Second supply pipe 36 Flow control valve 37 Receiving pipe 38 Flow control valve 39 Boost pump 40 Check valve 41 Differential pressure gauge 51 Third supply pipe 52 Flow control valve 53 Check valve 61 Fourth supply pipe 62 Flow control valve 63 Check valve

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-7-217447 (JP, A) JP-A-7-77062 (JP, A) JP-A-49-71309 (JP, A) JP-A-3-258902 (JP) JP-A-59-206617 (JP, A) JP-A-58-126436 (JP, A) JP-A-61-79856 (JP, A) JP-B-41-10443 (JP, B1) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F01K 25/00 F02C 3/34 F02C 9/40

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A closed cycle for circulating a working fluid composed of an inert gas by sequentially connecting a combustor, a gas turbine, a condenser, and a compressor by a gas pipe. The compressor is coaxially connected, and the combustion gas of the fuel containing hydrogen gas burned in the combustor is sequentially circulated through the pipe with the working fluid to the gas turbine, the condenser, and the compressor. In a hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant in which output is generated by the generator and steam is cooled by a condenser, a gas chamber for pressurizing and replenishing an inert gas as a working fluid is provided in the gas pipe. Has a pipeline for blowing a working fluid to the gas turbine blades as a working fluid pressurized supply unit, A working fluid receiving portion for receiving and storing the working fluid to be discharged is provided, and a boost pump for forcibly introducing the working fluid is provided in the working fluid receiving portion, and at least before and after the working fluid receiving portion of the boost pump. A hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant, wherein a differential pressure gauge for measuring a differential pressure between a working fluid to be introduced and the inside of a gas chamber is provided in any one of the portions. 2. A closed cycle for circulating a working fluid composed of an inert gas by sequentially connecting a combustor, a gas turbine, a condenser and a compressor by a gas pipe, and further comprising a generator and The compressor is coaxially connected, and the combustion gas of the fuel containing hydrogen gas burned in the combustor is sequentially circulated through the pipe with the working fluid to the gas turbine, the condenser, and the compressor. In a hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant in which output is generated by the generator and steam is cooled by a condenser, a gas chamber for pressurizing and replenishing an inert gas as a working fluid is provided in the gas pipe. Has a pipeline for blowing a working fluid to the gas turbine blades as a working fluid pressurized supply unit, A working fluid receiving part for receiving and storing the working fluid to be discharged is provided, and a boost pump for forcibly introducing the working fluid is provided in the working fluid receiving part, and at least before and after the working fluid receiving part of the boost pump. In any part, a differential pressure gauge that measures the differential pressure between the working fluid to be introduced and the inside of the gas chamber is provided,
A hydrogen combustion gas turbine plant further comprising a supply pipe having a flow control valve for sending a working fluid from the gas chamber to the compressor.