JP3020159B1 - Dyeing method using edible mushroom-derived dye - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a staining method using a pigment derived from edible mushrooms. SOLUTION: The following steps are provided: (1) a step of extracting a pigment from edible mushrooms with an organic solvent and / or water, and (2) a step of adding the obtained pigment extract to the pigment. Dyeing method.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for dyeing edible mushrooms using a pigment extracted with an organic solvent and / or water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, synthetic dyes have been frequently used for dyeing clothing. However, natural dyes dyed with a mild texture have recently become popular, and plant dyeing has become a boom. In addition, it is preferable to use a natural dye which is easily decomposed and has higher safety than a synthetic dye from the viewpoint of environmental impact such as a problem of a waste solution discharged from a dyeing factory. further,
In the fields of food, feed, cosmetics, etc.,
Synthetic pigments have been shunned, and the importance of natural pigments has been increasing.

[0003] In particular, in recent years, most of the pigments added to foods are changing from synthetic pigments to natural pigments. Among the foods, natural dyes tend to be used as dyes to be added to palatable foods such as soft drinks, chewing gums, candy, capsule foods, tablet foods and the like, and health foods because of their healthy image.

[0004] In the feed field, for example, in the case of a feed containing brown fish meal, white fish meal, vegetable protein, etc. as a main component, the proportion of the feed in the feed fluctuates depending on the yield and price at the time of feed production. As a result, the color of the feed cannot be kept constant, and there is a problem of giving consumers anxiety. When purchasing feed, some consumers may select the color of the feed as a judgment material, and it is not preferable that the color of the feed changes depending on the production lot. Therefore, development of a feed dyeing method using a natural dye is desired from the viewpoint of appearance and safety.

[0005] Industrially used methods for dyeing with natural pigments include those using natural pigments derived from animals such as cochineal derived from carrots, and β-carotene derived from carrots, calsamine derived from safflower, and shikonin derived from purple roots. A method using natural pigments of the genus Monascus (M
onacus) and a method using a natural pigment derived from microorganisms such as a red pigment derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Serratia. However, there is almost no known dyeing method using dyes derived from mushrooms, which are a kind of microorganism, particularly edible mushrooms which is considered to be highly useful also from the viewpoint of safety.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a dyeing method using a dye extracted from an edible mushroom with an organic solvent and / or water.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that a dye extracted from edible mushrooms is effective for dyeing. Reached. That is, the present invention includes the following steps: (1) a step of extracting a dye from an edible mushroom with an organic solvent and / or water, and (2) a step of adding the obtained dye extract to a dyeing object, This is the staining method for the object to be stained.

Further, the present invention is a method for dyeing an object to be dyed, which comprises immersing the object to be dyed and edible mushrooms in the presence of an organic solvent and / or water. Edible mushrooms include mushrooms belonging to the genus Oyster mushroom (for example, Japanese oyster mushroom). Textile products,
Food, feed, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. As an organic solvent, methanol or ethanol (for example, 80 to 95%
Methanol or 80-95% ethanol). Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The dyeing method of the present invention is different from the dyeing method using a synthetic dye which has been widely used in the past.
This is a staining method using edible mushrooms, particularly tokiiro pigments extracted from oyster mushrooms belonging to the genus Pleurotus (for example, oyster mushroom). 1. Cultivation and Harvesting of Mushrooms An organism that is a source of the pigment used in the present invention (also referred to as the present pigment) is an edible mushroom. In the present specification, edible mushrooms refers to fungi capable of forming fruiting bodies, particularly mushrooms belonging to the genus Pleurotus, for example, Pleurot (Pleurot mushroom)
us ostreatus), Pleurotus citrinopileatu
s) and the like.

[0010] Among these mushrooms belonging to the genus Oyster mushroom, oyster mushroom is particularly preferable because it is known as an edible mushroom exhibiting a bright ibis. The oyster mushrooms used in the present invention may be commercially available (e.g., oyster mushrooms manufactured by Murata Shiitake Honpo), but may be harvested from natural forests, and may be cultivated in sawdust or sawdust. It can also be artificially cultivated and harvested by culturing hyphae.

For example, oyster mushrooms belonging to the genus Oyster mushrooms occur in natural forests by overlapping a large number of hardwood dead trees such as willow, poplar, wisteria, and hornbeam.
It can be harvested from May to October. Furthermore, in the cultivation of firewood of the Japanese oyster mushroom, a seed wood such as poplar is inoculated with a seed fungus, and the firewood can be grown and harvested mainly in a forest area by growing the firewood. Furthermore, in the case of sawdust cultivation of the Japanese oyster mushroom, for example, a mixture of rice bran and a suitable amount of water mixed with sawdust derived from oak is packed in a bottle, bag, or box. Let
The fruit body can be grown and harvested by lowering the temperature to generate fruit bodies and then cultivating for an appropriate period.

[0012] Furthermore, the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus can also be cultured and grown using an artificial medium such as a liquid medium or a solid medium. 2. Extraction and Purification of Pigment from Mushroom Various methods commonly used for extraction and purification of pigment from natural products are applied to extraction and purification of pigment from mushrooms belonging to the genus Pleurotus. For example, there is a method of extracting a pigment by immersing a fruit body of a mushroom in a solvent. Specifically, a raw fruit body or a dried fruit body is immersed and then left until the pigment is sufficiently extracted. The obtained extract can be used as it is as a staining solution, but after removing the solvent under reduced pressure, column chromatography
Dyes can also be purified to higher purity using (eg, partitioning, adsorption, molecular sieving, ion exchange chromatography, etc.).

Here, an organic solvent and / or water can be used for extracting the pigment from the mushroom. Examples of the organic solvent include straight-chain monohydric alcohols having 1 to 22 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, lauryl alcohol, cetanol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol, or side chains. A monohydric alcohol having: propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol,
Glycols such as polyethylene glycol; trihydric alcohols such as glycerin, diglycerin and triglycerin; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; various esters such as ethyl acetate and fatty acid ethyl ester;
Halogenated alkanes (mainly chlorides) such as dichloromethane, chloroform and dichloroethane; various ethers such as diethyl ether and erulosolve; various polar organic solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene; and various non-polar organic solvents They can be used, and when used, they can be used alone or as a mixture. Also acidic,
It can be used after adjusting the pH to alkaline.

In particular, the extraction of the pigment from the fruit body of the raw or dried Pleurotus ostreatus is preferably carried out using an extraction solvent containing an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran and the like. The degree of extraction varies depending on the type and concentration of the organic solvent used, and is preferably about 80 to 95% in the case of methanol and ethanol. Here, the pigment extracted from the Japanese oyster mushroom is called the Japanese iris pigment. When the tokiiro pigment is used, an object to be dyed, such as a fiber, is dyed in a pink to flesh-colored ibis or a yellow to ocher depending on the staining conditions. The effect of the obtained pigment on the living body can be examined by animal experiments using rabbits, mice, rats and the like, and microbial experiments using rice sesame leaf blight fungus and mulberry blight fungus.

3. Dyeing method of textile products Various textile products can be dyed using a pigment extracted from a mushroom belonging to the genus Pleurotus. For example, a textile product can be dyed as follows using a tokiiro pigment extracted from the fruiting body of the oyster mushroom. As a fiber product to be subjected to the dyeing method of the present invention,
Examples thereof include those made of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, and blended fibers thereof. And natural fibers include silk, cotton,
Chemical fibers such as hemp and animal hair include vinylon, polyester, acrylic, nylon, acetate, rayon, and the like, and blended fibers include those containing them in a desired ratio. In addition, examples of fiber products made from these fibers include yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics. The fabrics of composite fibers include blended fabrics, blended knitted fabrics, blended nonwoven fabrics, mixed fabrics, and mixed knitted fabrics. .

(1) Simultaneous Staining Method In the present invention, extraction of a dye and staining with the dye can be performed simultaneously. This method is called a simultaneous dyeing method. Crush the umbrella portion of the dried fruit body of the oyster mushroom, and use a suitable solvent (for example, the organic solvent and / or water).
Is added, and the textile is immersed to extract the pigment and dye the textile. As a result, the extraction and staining of the dye are performed simultaneously. The dyed textiles are washed with water and shaded.

Furthermore, by examining the effects of the oyster mushroom, the amount of the oyster mushroom to the solvent, the extraction staining time and the temperature on the dyeing, the most suitable conditions for the staining can be determined. The effect of the amount of the oyster mushroom on the solvent on the dyeing can be examined by immersing various amounts of the oyster mushroom in a fixed amount of the solvent and simultaneously inspecting the dyeing condition of the cloth soaked with the naked eye. In addition, the effect of extraction staining on the solvent on the dyeing should be examined by immersing a fixed amount of cloth and oyster mushroom in the presence of a fixed amount of solvent for various times, and visually inspecting the dyeing condition of the cloth. Can be. Further, the effect of temperature on the dyeing can be examined by immersing a fixed amount of cloth and Pleurotus oyster mushroom at various temperatures in the presence of a fixed amount of solvent, and visually inspecting the dyeing condition of the cloth.

(2) Extraction and Staining Method In the present invention, the extraction of the dye and the staining with the dye can be performed separately. This method is called an extraction staining method. That is, the umbrella portion of the fruit body of the dried oyster mushroom was crushed, and The dye is extracted by adding an appropriate solvent described in (1) (referred to as extraction solvent). Although the obtained dye extract can be used as it is as a staining solution,
The dye extract is air-dried, and the obtained dried dye is dissolved in another solvent (referred to as a staining solvent) so as to have a desired dye concentration, and used as a staining solution. The textile is immersed in the dyeing solution thus obtained for an appropriate period of time for dyeing. Thereafter, the dyed textile is washed with water and shaded.

In the present invention, different colors can be dyed depending on the composition of the dyeing solvent, even when the tokiiro pigment extracted from the same oyster mushroom is used. For example,
In the case of dyeing silk cloth in ibis, the dye extracted with water and / or methanol is dyed in an 80 to 100% methanol aqueous solution, and in the case of dyeing silk cloth from yellow to ocher, 60%
It can be dyed in the following aqueous solution of methanol or in water.

(3) Dyeing method In the present invention, it is also possible to use the dyeing method for dyeing fibers by utilizing the difference in dyeability of each dye with each fiber.
For example, vinylon and nylon are well dyed by tokiiro dye, but polyester, acrylic and rayon are hardly dyed.Therefore, only the part to be dyed is nylon fiber, and the part not to be dyed is polyester acrylic and rayon fiber. By immersing the woven fiber product in the present pigment, a fiber product in which only the nylon fiber portion is dyed can be produced. (4) Dyeing fastness test The dyeing fastness of dyed textiles can be determined according to a test method based on JIS standards.

4. Dyeing method of food and feed The oyster mushroom is edible, and the food to which the oyster pigment extracted from it is added is considered to be highly safe. Therefore, the present pigment can also be used as a coloring material for various foods such as confectionery, soft ice cream, bread, noodles, or animal feed. When this pigment is used as a food coloring agent, the pigment extract obtained in 3 (2) above is dissolved in a solid state or in a liquid (preferably water) so as to have an appropriate concentration, and For example, the addition treatment can be carried out by a method such as mixing, dipping, coating, spraying and the like. As a result, the present pigment can impart good color to food. In this case, the amount of the present pigment is 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, preferably 0.03 to 0.3% by weight, based on the total amount of the components of the food.

On the other hand, examples of the feed containing the pigment include feeds in which the color tone of the feed affects the added value of the product. For example, as examples of such feed, dogs,
A compound feed for animals such as cats, appreciation fish, birds and the like can be mentioned.
These feeds may be in the form of pellets, crumbles, granules, powders, or the like. in this case,
The addition amount of the present pigment is the same as in the case where it is added to the food.

5. Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Dyeing Methods Tokiiro pigments can be used to color cosmetics and pharmaceuticals into desired colors. For example, the pigment extract obtained in the above 3 (2) is used for lotion, emulsion, cream, pack, soap, cataplasm, plaster, paste, ointment, essence, gel, shampoo, rinse, powder, foundation Cosmetics, such as lotions and baths, or pharmaceuticals such as tablets, pills, granules, powders, troches, ointments, capsules and the like, and they can be colored. In this case, the amount of the pigment added is 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, preferably 0.03 to
It is 0.3% by weight, and in the case of pharmaceuticals, it is 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.003 to 0.1% by weight based on the total amount.

6. Silk Product Dyeing Method Silk products are derived from silkworm cocoons and refer to hydrolyzed silk, silk powder, and silk sericin extract. These are used as food additives and raw materials for cosmetics. A colored silk product can be obtained by adding the pigment extract obtained in 3 (2) to the silk product. For example, the amount of the pigment extract added is
It is 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, preferably 0.03 to 0.3% by weight, based on the total amount of the silk product. And as a thing to add silk products colored with this pigment, ice cream, various drinks, soup ingredients, noodles, tofu, foods such as fu,
Cosmetics such as creams, emulsions, lotions, balms, eye shadows, foundations and the like can be mentioned.

[0025]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples and test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. [Example 1] Dyeing method of textile using tokiiro dye (1) Simultaneous dyeing method A silk cloth was dyed by a simultaneous dyeing method. That is, the fruiting body and silk cloth of a commercially available dried oyster mushroom (produced by Murata Shiitake Honpo) in various organic solvents were immersed and left at room temperature for 2 days. Next, the silk cloth was washed with water and then shaded.

Table 1 shows the results of dyeing degree and color tone of silk by various solvents. When the solvent concentration was 100%, it was dyed in ibis (pinkish skin color) in methanol and yellow in water. Also, when the solvent concentration was 80%, the silk cloth was dyed in red when using methanol, ethanol or tetrahydrofuran, and yellow when using acetone or ethyl acetate. The color intensity was highest when 80% or 90% methanol was used. The Munsell values representing hue (H), lightness (V), and chroma (C) are as follows: In the case of silk cloth dyed in an 80% methanol solution, HV / C = 9R · 7.93 /
It was 5. That is, the hue was reddish purple close to red plum or Chilean purple (shell purple), lightness was high (V = 7.93), but saturation was not so high (C = 5), and it was a mild color giving a soft impression .

[0027]

[Table 1]

Next, the fruit body of the Japanese oyster mushroom, 80%
The silk neckerchief was dyed by a simultaneous dyeing method using methanol. As shown in FIG. 1, it was confirmed that the neckerchief was uniformly and beautifully stained (golden). (2) Extraction dyeing method The silk cloth was dyed by the extraction dyeing method. That is, the case where water was used as the extraction solvent and methanol was used as the staining solvent was examined. First, add 10 g of dried oyster mushroom to water 10
After immersion in 0 ml for 1 day, the mixture was filtered. Next, 2 ml of the obtained extract was taken, and a total of 8 ml of water and methanol were added thereto.
The cells were stained for one day in a 0, 20, 40, 60, or 80% methanol solution containing a certain amount of dye, and the degree of staining was compared. As a result, Table 2
As shown in the above, when the cells were stained with the 80% solution, the cells were stained in the darkest ibis. At 40% it was dyed yellowish. In the case of the 0% aqueous solution, it was dyed a pale ocher.

[0029]

[Table 2]

Next, the case where methanol was used for both the extraction solvent and the staining solvent was examined. That is, 5 g of dried oyster mushrooms were immersed in 100 ml of 80% methanol, extracted for 6 hours, then dispensed in equal amounts into petri dishes, and air-dried. A 100, 95, 90, 80, or 50% methanol solution was added to the obtained extraction residue, and the dyeability of the silk cloth in each solution was compared. As a result, as shown in Table 3, the 95% and 90% liquid dyed the darkest ibis. The 50% solution stained ocher to yellow.

[0031]

[Table 3]

As described above, it was found that even if the tokiiro dye was contained at the same concentration in the dyeing solution, it was possible to dye different colors by changing the composition of the solvent used for dyeing. [Example 2] Influence of amount, time and temperature of oyster mushroom on dyeability by simultaneous dyeing method

(1) Amount of Pleurotus oyster mushroom and dyeability The effect of the amount of Pleurotus oyster mushroom on the dyeability of silk cloth dyed by the simultaneous dyeing method was examined. That is, 80%
Various amounts (0.5, 1, 2,
4, 6, 8, 10, 15 g) of dried oyster mushroom and silk cloth were immersed and left at room temperature for 1 day. Thereafter, the silk cloth was washed with water and then shaded. As a result, as shown in Table 4, when the oyster mushroom was between 0.5 and 4 g, the degree of staining tended to increase depending on the amount of the oyster mushroom, but when the oyster mushroom was 6 g or more, the amount of the oyster mushroom increased. No difference was observed in the degree of staining even when the number was increased.

[0034]

[Table 4]

Under the conditions of the above (1), the dyeing time was divided into three sections of 0 to 6 hours, 0 to 24 hours, and 24 to 48 hours from the setting time, and the degree of staining was examined. As a result, the degree of staining differs depending on the amount of the oyster mushroom, in the case of 0.5-4 g, in the order of, and in the case of 6-15 g,
, In that order. That is, when co-staining was performed in 80% methanol, the peak of the degree of staining was about 6 hours at a high concentration and about 24 hours at a low concentration, and the staining power decreased after 24 hours.

Next, with respect to 100 ml of 80% methanol, 5
The time course of the degree of staining in the simultaneous staining method using g of Japanese oyster mushroom was examined. That is, the cloth was immersed at the same time as the extraction, and after 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 days after setting, the cloth was taken out and the degree of dyeing was compared. As a result, as shown in Table 5, the degree of dyeing of the fabric increased between 0.5 to 8 hours, but tended to decrease after one day, and under the present conditions, the degree of dyeing increased from 4 hours to 1 hour.
It was found that a sufficiently deep staining can be achieved by staining for one day.

[0037]

[Table 5]

Next, the effect of temperature on the dyeing was examined. That is, the staining properties at 5, 20, and 37 ° C were examined using 80% methanol and an aqueous extract. As a result of comparing the degree of staining after set 4 and 24 hours, it was dyed in the ibis with 80% methanol, and there was almost no difference in staining rate between 20 ° C and 37 ° C. At 5 ° C., the color became slow, and the degree of staining was about １ ／ of that at other temperatures. In addition, staining was relatively high even after 4 hours. In the case of water, it was dyed ocher and deeper as the temperature increased and as time passed.

Example 3 Investigation of Stability of Dye The stability of the extracted tokiiro pigment in water was examined. That is, 10 g of dried oyster mushrooms was extracted with 100 g of water for 1 day, and the solution filtered with a cloth was divided into 20 ml portions, and brought to 0, 1, and 2 at room temperature.
After leaving for 2 or 4 days, add 4 volumes of methanol,
% Methanol staining solution was prepared. A silk cloth was immersed in the obtained dyeing solution at room temperature for one day, washed with water, and dried in shade. As a result, all were dyed in the same ibis color, and it was found that the dyeing power of this dye was stably maintained even in a state of being dissolved in water.

Example 4 Dyeability of Various Fibers The dyeability of the yellowtail dye on various fibers was examined by an extraction dyeing method. That is, 90% for 10 g of oyster mushroom
100 ml of methanol was added and extracted for 6 hours. A cloth made of various fibers was immersed in the obtained extract, and left for 16 hours.
Next, it was shaded after washing with water. As a result, Table 6 and FIG.
As shown in Table 2, the best dyes were vinylon and nylon, followed by silk (raw silk). polyester,
Acrylic, rayon, acetate, wool, and cotton hardly stained. Therefore, by immersing a fiber product woven using fibers with good dyeing degree such as vinylon and fibers that are hardly dyed such as polyester in a dyeing solution containing the present dye, only the fibers that are easily dyed with the present dye can be obtained. It turned out that it is possible to dye differently.

[0041]

[Table 6]

Example 5 Dye Fastness Test A silk cloth dyed with a tokiiro dye by the simultaneous dyeing method was used as a test, and the fastness of dyeing was measured. JIS tests for color fastness
Performed according to the standard. Except for the sunlight test, treatment was carried out by sandwiching the dyed cloth with colorless silk, and the color transfer to the colorless cloth (contamination) and the change in color of the dyed cloth (discoloration) were examined. As a result, the robustness was as shown in Table 7.
And showed excellent fastness, except for light resistance.

[0043]

[Table 7]

Example 6 Influence of Pigment on the Growth of Microorganism The effect of the pigment extracted from Mushroom oyster mushroom with methanol or water on the growth of the microorganism was examined. That is, after the pigment extracted with water was filtered and sterilized by the same procedure as in Example 1 (2), 10 μl of the obtained extract was treated with a fungus (rice sesame leaf blight, mulberry blight or white rot) or Potato sucrose agar plate seeded with bacteria (vegetable soft rot fungus, mulberry leaf blight fungus, lettuce rot fungus or oyster mushroom rot fungus) 20 g and 18 g of agar were added dropwise to the mixture, pH 6.0), and the growth of the bacteria was examined.

As a result, none of the microorganisms showed any inhibition of growth by the oyster mushroom extract, indicating that the pigment derived from oyster mushroom hardly affected the growth of living cells.

[0046]

The dyeing method according to the present invention, which comprises dyeing edible mushroom fruit bodies with a pigment extracted with an organic solvent and / or water, is a method for dyeing textiles, foods, feeds or cosmetics. Useful for

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a photograph of a neckerchief stained by a simultaneous staining method.

FIG. 2 is a photograph of a dyed cloth showing the dyeing properties of a tokiiro dye on various fibers.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) D06P 1/34 C09B 61/00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. The following steps: (1) Mushrooms belonging to the genus Pleurotus or methanol or
A method for extracting a dye with ethanol and / or water; and (2) a step of adding the obtained dye extract to the object to be stained. 2. A method for dyeing an object to be dyed, comprising subjecting the object to be dyed and edible mushrooms to immersion treatment in the presence of methanol, ethanol and / or water. 3. The dyeing method according to claim 1, wherein the object to be dyed is a textile, a food, a feed, a cosmetic or a pharmaceutical. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of methanol or ethanol is 80.
The dyeing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dyeing amount is from 95% to 95%. 5. The dyeing method according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom belonging to the genus Oyster mushroom is oyster mushroom.