JP3019923B2 - Hermetic compressor and refrigerator and freezer equipped with hermetic compressor - Google Patents

Hermetic compressor and refrigerator and freezer equipped with hermetic compressor

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Publication number
JP3019923B2
JP3019923B2 JP29062797A JP29062797A JP3019923B2 JP 3019923 B2 JP3019923 B2 JP 3019923B2 JP 29062797 A JP29062797 A JP 29062797A JP 29062797 A JP29062797 A JP 29062797A JP 3019923 B2 JP3019923 B2 JP 3019923B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
hermetic compressor
refrigerating machine
oil
hfc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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JP29062797A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH10121087A (en
Inventor
健二 高市
啓人 中間
寿和 境
Original Assignee
松下冷機株式会社
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  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、冷蔵庫,冷凍庫等
に用いる密閉型圧縮機ならびにこの密閉型圧縮機を備え
た冷蔵庫および冷凍庫に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hermetic compressor used for refrigerators, freezers and the like, and to a hermetic compressor having the hermetic compressor.
The present invention relates to a refrigerator and a freezer .

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】近年、クロロフルオロカーボン(以下C
FCと称する)の影響によるオゾン層破壊及び地球の温
暖化等の環境問題が注目されている。このような観点よ
り、冷媒であるCFCの使用量削減が、極めて重要なテ
ーマとなってきている。従来、CFCとして使用されて
来た完全ハロゲン化炭素化合物は、少なくとも水素を1
個以上含むハロゲン化炭素化合物に代替化が図られつつ
ある。
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, chlorofluorocarbon (hereinafter referred to as C)
Attention has been focused on environmental problems such as ozone layer depletion and global warming caused by the influence of FC. From this point of view, reducing the amount of CFC used as a refrigerant has become a very important theme. Conventionally, fully halogenated carbon compounds that have been used as CFCs contain at least one hydrogen.
Substitution is being attempted with halogenated carbon compounds containing more than one.

【0003】さらに具体的には、代表的な冷媒であるジ
クロロジフルオロメタン(以下CFC−12と称する)
は、CFCの代替物質であり、オゾン破壊に対する影響
の少ない1,1,1数含むので本質的に電気を流しやす
く、密閉型圧縮機に要求される電気絶縁性が非常に悪い
事も判明している。
More specifically, dichlorodifluoromethane (hereinafter referred to as CFC-12) which is a typical refrigerant
Is an alternative to CFC and contains 1,1,1 numbers that have little effect on ozone destruction, so it is essentially easy to conduct electricity, and it has been found that the electrical insulation required for hermetic compressors is very poor. ing.

【0004】例えば、1978年10月発行のDuPo
nt社のResearch Disclosureの記
載によれば、HFC−134aは従来のどのような油と
も相溶性が悪くて全ての温度域で二層分離を生じ、唯一
グリコール系油にのみ溶解する。しかし、その後の研究
により特殊なエステル系油にも溶解することが判ってき
た。例えば、米国特許第4851144号においてエス
テル系とグリコール系の混合した冷凍機油が冷媒HFC
−134aに溶解することが示されている。
[0004] For example, DuPo issued in October 1978
According to Research Disclosure of nt, HFC-134a is poorly compatible with any conventional oils, causes two-phase separation in all temperature ranges, and is only soluble in glycol-based oils only. However, subsequent studies have shown that it can also be dissolved in special ester-based oils. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,851,144, a refrigerating machine oil in which an ester type and a glycol type are mixed is used as a refrigerant HFC.
-134a.

【0005】しかし、多くのエステル系冷凍機油は、冷
媒HFC−134aと溶解しにくく二層分離を生じ、臨
界溶解温度は高かった。しかし、これらのエステル系冷
凍機油は、臨界溶解温度が低い特殊なエステル系冷凍機
油に比べ、信頼性,潤滑性が高い。
However, many ester refrigerating machine oils are hardly soluble in the refrigerant HFC-134a and cause two-layer separation, and the critical melting temperature is high. However, these ester refrigerating machine oils have higher reliability and lubricity than special ester refrigerating machine oils having a low critical solution temperature.

【0006】冷媒と冷凍機油が二層分離が生じた場合に
は、冷凍機油は比重が軽いため冷媒の上側に位置する様
になる。反対に冷媒は下側に位置する。
When the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil are separated into two layers, the refrigerating machine oil is located above the refrigerant because of its low specific gravity. Conversely, the refrigerant is located on the lower side.

【0007】又冷媒HFC−134aは水素原子を多数
含むので本質的に電気を流しやすく、密閉型圧縮機に要
求される電気絶縁性が非常に悪い事も判明している。
[0007] It has also been found that the refrigerant HFC-134a contains a large number of hydrogen atoms, so that it is essentially easy to conduct electricity, and the electrical insulation required for the hermetic compressor is very poor.

【0008】図2は、従来の密閉型圧縮機の断面図であ
る。図2において1は機械部であり、シャフト2,副軸
受3,軸受4,ピストン5,シリンダー6からなる。前
記シャフト2,副軸受3,軸受4,ピストン5,シリン
ダー6は圧縮室7を形成している。8は給油管であり、
冷媒HFC−134aとエステル系冷凍機油の混合油を
摺動面に供給する。10はモーター部である。また11
は前記の機械部1やモーター部10を収納する金属性の
密閉ケーシングである。
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a conventional hermetic compressor. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a mechanical portion, which comprises a shaft 2, a sub bearing 3, a bearing 4, a piston 5, and a cylinder 6. The shaft 2, the sub bearing 3, the bearing 4, the piston 5 and the cylinder 6 form a compression chamber 7. 8 is a fuel supply pipe,
A mixture of the refrigerant HFC-134a and the ester-based refrigerating machine oil is supplied to the sliding surface. Reference numeral 10 denotes a motor unit. Also 11
Is a metallic hermetic casing that houses the mechanical section 1 and the motor section 10 described above.

【0009】[0009]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】以上のように構成され
た密閉型圧縮機において、シャフト2は、モーター部1
0の回転力によって回転し、ピストン5を動かし、副軸
受3,軸受4及びシリンダー6によって形成された圧縮
室7内の冷媒を圧縮する。圧縮された冷媒は冷凍システ
ムで冷却を行ない再び圧縮機に戻ってくる。
In the hermetic compressor constructed as described above, the shaft 2 is connected to the motor 1
The piston 5 is rotated by the rotational force of 0 to move the piston 5 and compress the refrigerant in the compression chamber 7 formed by the sub-bearing 3, the bearing 4 and the cylinder 6. The compressed refrigerant is cooled in the refrigeration system and returns to the compressor again.

【0010】また、図に示したような小型の圧縮機は、
近年省スペース化を目的として横型、すなわち、機械部
1と前記機械部を駆動させるモーター部10が水平に設
置される事が多くなっている。すなわち冷媒HFC−1
34aと冷凍機油の混合油に浸漬される構造となってい
る。そこで、電気絶縁性の劣るHFC−134aをこの
圧縮機にそのまま使用するとエステル系冷凍機油と冷媒
HFC−134aとが二層分離を生じる。つまり油は比
重が軽いため上側に油層12を形成し、反対に冷媒は下
側に冷媒層13を形成する。冷媒HFC−134aは水
素原子を多数含むので本質的に電気を流しやすく、この
ためわずかではあるがモーター部10から冷媒層13を
通して電気を密閉ケーシング11に流す。そのため漏電
や感電の危険性が生じる可能性があった。
A small compressor as shown in FIG.
In recent years, the horizontal type, that is, the mechanical unit 1 and the motor unit 10 for driving the mechanical unit are often installed horizontally for the purpose of saving space. That is, the refrigerant HFC-1
34a and a structure immersed in a mixed oil of refrigerating machine oil. Therefore, if HFC-134a having poor electric insulation is used as it is in this compressor, ester-based refrigerating machine oil and refrigerant HFC-134a are separated into two layers. That is, since the oil has a low specific gravity, the oil forms the oil layer 12 on the upper side, and the refrigerant forms the refrigerant layer 13 on the lower side. Since the refrigerant HFC-134a contains a large number of hydrogen atoms, it is inherently easy to conduct electricity. Therefore, although a small amount of electricity flows from the motor unit 10 through the coolant layer 13 to the closed casing 11. For this reason, there is a possibility that a risk of electric leakage or electric shock may occur.

【0011】また、なんらかの手段・方法により二層分
離状態が解消された場合、つまり液状冷媒層13が解消
された場合でも、冷凍機油自体の電気絶縁性が低い場合
は、油層12を通して密閉ケーシング11に電気が流れ
る可能性がある。
When the two-layer separation state is eliminated by some means or method, that is, when the liquid refrigerant layer 13 is eliminated, but the electrical insulation of the refrigerating machine oil itself is low, the closed casing 11 is passed through the oil layer 12. Electricity may flow through

【0012】さらに、油層12中に冷媒HFC134a
が混り合った状態にあるときも同様である。
Further, the refrigerant HFC134a
The same is true when are mixed.

【0013】従って、本発明は冷凍機油の電気絶縁性に
起因する漏電の発生防止を目的とするものである。
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to prevent the occurrence of electric leakage due to the electrical insulation of refrigeration oil.

【0014】[0014]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
に本発明の密閉型圧縮機は、密閉ケーシング内に機械部
と前記機械部を駆動させるモーター部を収納するととも
に、前記密閉ケーシングに冷媒HFC−134aと、体
積抵抗値が1013Ωcm以上のエステル系冷凍機油を封
入してなるものである。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a hermetic compressor according to the present invention includes a hermetically sealed casing containing a mechanical section and a motor section for driving the mechanical section, and a refrigerant contained in the hermetically sealed casing. It comprises HFC-134a and an ester-based refrigerating machine oil having a volume resistance of 10 13 Ωcm or more.

【0015】これにより冷媒HFC−134aと相互溶
解性のあるエステル系冷凍機油の体積抵抗率が1013Ω
cm以上であるため、電気がモータ部から冷凍機油、又
は冷凍機油と冷媒の混合液を通して密閉ケーシングへ流
れることがなくなる。又、体積抵抗率の高いエステル系
冷凍機油は吸湿性が低いためモータ部の絶縁被覆や、そ
の他の部品との好ましくない反応が生じにくくなる。
As a result, the volume resistivity of the ester refrigerating machine oil having mutual solubility with the refrigerant HFC-134a is 10 13 Ω.
cm or more, electricity does not flow from the motor unit to the closed casing through the refrigerating machine oil or a mixed solution of the refrigerating machine oil and the refrigerant. Further, the ester-based refrigerating machine oil having a high volume resistivity has a low hygroscopic property, so that an undesired reaction with the insulating coating of the motor portion and other components is less likely to occur.

【0016】[0016]

【発明の実施の形態】本発明の請求項1に記載の発明は
密閉ケーシング内に機械部と前記機械部を駆動させるモ
ーター部を収納するとともに、前記密閉ケーシングに
HFC−134aと、体積抵抗値が1013Ωcm以上
のエステル系冷凍機油を封入してなる密閉型圧縮機であ
り、電気絶縁性が維持され、漏電の恐れがなくなるもの
である。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS According to the first aspect of the present invention, a machine section and a motor section for driving the machine section are housed in a closed casing, and the closed casing is cooled.
This is a hermetic compressor in which the medium HFC-134a and an ester-based refrigerating machine oil having a volume resistance value of 10 13 Ωcm or more are sealed. The hermetic compressor maintains electrical insulation and eliminates the risk of electric leakage.

【0017】[0017]

【実施例】以下、本発明の一実施例の圧縮機について冷
媒をHFC−134a,冷凍機油を臨界溶解温度の高
い、体積抵抗値が1013Ωcm以上のエステル系冷凍機
油として、図1を参照しながら説明するが、従来例と同
じものは、同一番号を付して説明を省略する。
FIG. 1 shows a compressor according to one embodiment of the present invention, in which the refrigerant is HFC-134a and the refrigerating machine oil is an ester type refrigerating machine oil having a high critical solution temperature and a volume resistivity of 10 13 Ωcm or more. The same components as those in the conventional example will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

【0018】本発明の実施例について図1を参照しなが
ら説明する。14は密閉型圧縮機に設置されたヒータ
ー、15はヒーター14の通電用制御装置である。
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 14 is a heater installed in the hermetic compressor, and 15 is a control device for energizing the heater 14.

【0019】また、16は圧縮機の給油管8の下方に取
り付けられた絶縁抵抗センサーである。
Reference numeral 16 denotes an insulation resistance sensor mounted below the oil supply pipe 8 of the compressor.

【0020】12は体積抵抗値が1013Ωcm以上のエ
ステル系冷凍機油の層でHFC−134aの層17と二
層分離状態となっている。
Reference numeral 12 denotes a layer of an ester-based refrigerating machine oil having a volume resistance of 10 13 Ωcm or more, which is separated from the layer 17 of HFC-134a by two layers.

【0021】以上のように構成された密閉型圧縮機につ
いてその動作を説明する。シャフト2は、モーター部1
0の回転力によって回転し、ピストン5を動かし、副軸
受3,軸受4,及びシリンダー6によって形成された圧
縮室7内の冷媒を圧縮する。この時の圧縮熱とモーター
部10の発熱により密閉型圧縮機の温度が上昇する。一
方、圧縮された冷媒は冷凍システムで冷却を行ない再び
圧縮機に戻ってくる。この時、冷媒HFC−134aと
エステル系冷凍機油が潤滑のため給油装置8を通じて機
械部に供給される。
The operation of the hermetic compressor configured as described above will be described. The shaft 2 is a motor unit 1
By rotating the piston 5 with a rotational force of 0, the piston 5 is moved to compress the refrigerant in the compression chamber 7 formed by the sub-bearings 3, the bearings 4, and the cylinder 6. The temperature of the hermetic compressor increases due to the compression heat and the heat generated by the motor unit 10 at this time. On the other hand, the compressed refrigerant is cooled by the refrigeration system and returns to the compressor again. At this time, the refrigerant HFC-134a and the ester-based refrigerating machine oil are supplied to the machine unit through the oil supply device 8 for lubrication.

【0022】上記動作のくり返しにより、圧縮機は冷媒
圧縮時の発熱やモーター部10の発熱等によって圧縮機
が高温になるとエステル系冷凍機油と冷媒HFC−13
4aとが徐々に溶解を始め最終的にはエステル系冷凍機
油と冷媒HFC−134aは溶解し二層分離が解消され
る。しかし、圧縮機が停止した時に圧縮機内の温度圧力
が下がることにより、冷媒層17が徐々に析出する。
When the compressor is heated to a high temperature due to the heat generated during compression of the refrigerant or the heat generated by the motor unit 10 due to the above operation, the ester-based refrigerating machine oil and the refrigerant HFC-13 are discharged.
4a gradually begins to dissolve, and finally the ester-based refrigerating machine oil and the refrigerant HFC-134a dissolve and the two-layer separation is eliminated. However, when the temperature and pressure inside the compressor decrease when the compressor stops, the refrigerant layer 17 is gradually deposited.

【0023】次に冷凍機油中に冷媒HFC−134aが
溶解した場合について説明する。絶縁性を示す指標の一
つである体積抵抗値を、各々の物質について示す。
Next, the case where the refrigerant HFC-134a is dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil will be described. The volume resistance value, which is one of the indices indicating the insulating properties, is shown for each substance.

【0024】 つまり電気絶縁性は、体積抵抗の値が大きい方が絶縁性
が高い。冷凍機油中にHFC−134aが多く溶解した
場合には電気絶縁性は急激に低下するために冷凍機油中
の溶解量を少なくすること又油面を下げることが望まし
い。
[0024] That is, the larger the value of the volume resistance, the higher the electrical insulation. When a large amount of HFC-134a is dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil, the electrical insulation is rapidly reduced. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the amount of dissolution in the refrigerating machine oil and to lower the oil level.

【0025】本発明は、絶縁抵抗センサー16は、冷凍
機油中にとけている冷媒の量により、絶縁抵抗が変化す
ることを利用し冷凍機油と冷媒HFC−134aの二層
分離を解消するとともに、冷凍機油中への冷媒HFC−
134aの溶解量を少なくするものである。すなわち、
密閉型圧縮機のモーター停止時において、絶縁抵抗セン
サー16にて、絶縁抵抗センサー16と密閉型圧縮機の
間との絶縁抵抗を測定し、絶縁抵抗が所定値以下になっ
た時に、ヒーター通電用制御装置15によりヒーター1
4に通電を行ない冷凍機油を加熱する。
According to the present invention, the insulation resistance sensor 16 eliminates the two-layer separation between the refrigerant oil and the refrigerant HFC-134a by utilizing the fact that the insulation resistance changes depending on the amount of the refrigerant dissolved in the refrigerant oil. Refrigerant HFC- in refrigerant oil
The purpose is to reduce the amount of 134a dissolved. That is,
When the motor of the hermetic compressor is stopped, the insulation resistance between the insulation resistance sensor 16 and the hermetic compressor is measured by the insulation resistance sensor 16, and when the insulation resistance falls below a predetermined value, the heater is turned on. Heater 1 by controller 15
4 is energized to heat the refrigerator oil.

【0026】つまり、ヒーター14及び通電用制御装置
15にて密閉型圧縮機の絶縁抵抗が所定値以下になった
時に密閉型圧縮機を加熱することにより、冷凍機油と冷
HFC−134aを加熱し、温度を上げることによ
り、冷凍機油と冷媒HFC−134aの二層分離をなく
し圧縮機起動時の冷媒潤滑を解消すると共に、冷凍機油
中の冷媒HFC−134aの溶解量が少なくなり又油面
が低下することにより電気絶縁性が向上しケーシング中
に電流が流れず漏電や感電の危険性が生じなくなる。
[0026] That is, by heating the hermetic compressor when the insulation resistance of the hermetic compressor in the heater 14 and the current control device 15 becomes a predetermined value or less, heating the refrigerating machine oil and refrigerant HFC 134a , by raising the temperature, as well as eliminate the refrigerant lubricant in the two-layer separation to eliminate compressor startup of the refrigeration machine oil and the refrigerant HFC 134a, dissolved amount of refrigerant HFC 134a is reduced also the oil surface of the refrigerating machine oil is By lowering, the electric insulation is improved, and no current flows in the casing, so that there is no danger of electric leakage or electric shock.

【0027】又ヒーター14を絶縁抵抗センサー16に
よりON−OFFすることにより消費電力量は少なくで
きる。
The power consumption can be reduced by turning on and off the heater 14 by the insulation resistance sensor 16.

【0028】以上述べた如く、本実施例によれば、冷凍
機油中の冷媒HFC−134aの溶解量が少なくなり、
電気絶縁性が向上するとともに、冷凍機油自体が、体積
抵抗値の大きいエステル油を用いるため、漏電や感電を
より効果的に防止できるものである。
[0028] As described above, according to this embodiment, the amount of dissolved refrigerant HFC 134a in refrigeration oil is reduced,
The electrical insulation is improved, and the refrigerating machine oil itself uses an ester oil having a large volume resistance value, so that it is possible to more effectively prevent electric leakage and electric shock.

【0029】[0029]

【発明の効果】本発明の密閉型圧縮機は、密閉ケーシン
グ内に機械部と前記機械部を駆動させるモーター部を収
納するとともに、前記密閉ケーシングに冷媒HFC−1
34aと、体積抵抗値が1013Ωcm以上のエステル系
冷凍機油を封入してなるものであるから、エステル油自
体の高電気絶縁性によって漏電や感電を効果的に防止す
ることができるものである。
According to the hermetic compressor of the present invention, a mechanical section and a motor section for driving the mechanical section are housed in a closed casing, and a refrigerant HFC-1 is stored in the closed casing.
And 34 a, since it is intended to volume resistance formed by sealing the 10 13 [Omega] cm or more ester refrigerating machine oil, as it can be effectively prevented leakage or electric shock by a high electrically insulating ester oil itself is there.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の第1の実施例における圧縮機の断面図FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a compressor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】従来の圧縮機の断面図FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a conventional compressor.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 機械部10 モーター部 12 エステル冷凍機油 14 ヒーター 15 通電用制御装置 16 絶縁抵抗センサー 17 冷媒HFC−134a DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machine part 10 Motor part 12 Ester refrigerating machine oil 14 Heater 15 Electricity control device 16 Insulation resistance sensor 17 Refrigerant HFC-134a

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 FI // C10N 40:30 (56)参考文献 特開 昭58−15592(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) C10M 105/32 C10N 40:30 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI // C10N 40:30 (56) References JP-A-58-15592 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. . 7, DB name) C10M 105/32 C10N 40:30

Claims (3)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 密閉ケーシング内に機械部と前記機械部
を駆動させるモーター部を収納するとともに、前記密閉
ケーシングに冷媒HFC−134aと、体積抵抗値が1
13Ωcm以上のエステル系冷凍機油を封入してなる密
閉型圧縮機。
1. A closed casing contains a machine section and a motor section for driving the machine section, and the closed casing has a refrigerant HFC-134a and a volume resistance of 1
A hermetic compressor in which an ester refrigerating machine oil of 0 13 Ωcm or more is sealed.
【請求項2】 請求項1記載の密閉型圧縮機を備えた冷
蔵庫。
2. A refrigeration system comprising the hermetic compressor according to claim 1.
Warehouse.
【請求項3】 請求項1記載の密閉型圧縮機を備えた冷
凍庫。
3. A refrigeration system comprising the hermetic compressor according to claim 1.
Freezer.
JP29062797A 1997-10-23 1997-10-23 Hermetic compressor and refrigerator and freezer equipped with hermetic compressor Expired - Lifetime JP3019923B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29062797A JP3019923B2 (en) 1997-10-23 1997-10-23 Hermetic compressor and refrigerator and freezer equipped with hermetic compressor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29062797A JP3019923B2 (en) 1997-10-23 1997-10-23 Hermetic compressor and refrigerator and freezer equipped with hermetic compressor

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP30987490A Division JPH04179876A (en) 1990-11-14 1990-11-14 Sealed type compressor

Related Child Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP29507599A Division JP2000120542A (en) 1999-10-18 1999-10-18 Refrigeration system
JP29507799A Division JP2000130332A (en) 1999-10-18 1999-10-18 Horizontal hermetic compressor
JP29507699A Division JP2000145640A (en) 1999-01-01 1999-10-18 Equipment using refrigerant
JP29507499A Division JP2000110721A (en) 1999-10-18 1999-10-18 Refrigerating device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10121087A JPH10121087A (en) 1998-05-12
JP3019923B2 true JP3019923B2 (en) 2000-03-15

Family

ID=17758440

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP29062797A Expired - Lifetime JP3019923B2 (en) 1997-10-23 1997-10-23 Hermetic compressor and refrigerator and freezer equipped with hermetic compressor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3019923B2 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10121087A (en) 1998-05-12

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