JP2980872B2 - Shaft excavator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shaft excavator for excavating a shaft, and more particularly to a shaft excavator that can be collectively collected after shaft excavation and diverted to other works. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when a shaft is excavated vertically from the ground surface into the ground (for example, a shaft for launching a shield excavator), a sheet pile is cast, and then a clamshell or a backhoe is used. An open-cutting method for excavating earth and sand up to the ground, and a caisson method for excavating earth and sand using a clamshell or a simple excavator (for example, a backhoe or a boom cutter) while press-fitting a concrete caisson are being performed.

[0003] However, such conventional excavators cannot excavate a vertical shaft with a long construction period and high accuracy because continuous excavation of the entire cross section of the vertical shaft cannot be performed. Therefore, a shaft excavator capable of continuously excavating the entire section of the shaft has been developed.

For example, in the invention described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-4995 and the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 4-27287, the arm of the revolving cutter head provided at the lower end of the body that excavates downward is independently provided. A rotating cutter is provided, and the entire cross section is to be excavated by the plurality of cutters (conventional example 1).

In the invention described in JP-A-2-304197 and the invention described in JP-A-6-294277, it is attempted to excavate the entire cross section by projecting the overcutter from the outer periphery of the cutter head. ).

Further, in the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-116191 and the invention described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-23452, the ground is excavated by turning the cutter at the end of the boom provided on the body to be excavated downward. (Conventional example 3).

[0007]

By the way, the above-mentioned excavation of the vertical shaft in the entire cross section shortens the construction period and the construction cost.
Or, in recent years, there has been a demand for reducing the cost required for the excavator by further converting the shaft excavator after the shaft excavation to other construction, thereby further reducing the construction cost. Moreover, since such shafts are not always the same, there is also a demand that the shaft be used for excavation of different shapes.

However, in the above-mentioned conventional example 1, since the entire section of the caisson is excavated with the cutter head having a complicated structure which revolves while rotating, many parts are disassembled in order to collect the main body after excavation. It is necessary to collect it, and furthermore, there is no contrivance for diversion, and it is particularly difficult to divert it to a caisson of a different diameter.

Also, in the above-mentioned prior art example 2, there is no device for collecting the main body after excavation, so that it is necessary to disassemble and collect many parts after excavation.
It is difficult to convert to a caisson with a different diameter because there is no device for reusing it. In addition, even if the overcutter device is used for widening, the overcutter stroke becomes long, and a large force may act to cause a trouble.

[0010] Further, in the above-mentioned conventional example 3, similarly, it is necessary to disassemble and recover many parts after excavation, and furthermore, there is no devising for conversion to a caisson of a different diameter.
Conversion to caisson of different diameter is difficult. In addition, these are not excavated sections, so it is not possible to shorten the construction period and excavate with high precision. In the invention described in Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 6-23452, the cutter and the segment assembling apparatus are integrally collected by moving the cutter radially inward after excavation. In addition to this, it is necessary to add a configuration such as an outer shell in order to divert, so that a long construction period and cost are required. Moreover, it is difficult to convert to a caisson of different diameter.

[0011]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to the present application provides a cutter head at the front of a shaft excavator body formed smaller than the inner shape of the caisson cross section, A cutter frame for excavating the caisson front part is provided on one side of the cutter head outer peripheral part, and an outer shape including the most protruding part of the cutter frame and the outermost peripheral part of the cutter head is formed smaller than the inner shape of the caisson cross section, By sliding the cutter head toward the side opposite to the cutter frame, the cutter frame protruding to the front of the caisson can be moved into the cross section of the caisson.

Thus, if the front of the caisson is excavated concentrically with the body of the shaft excavator, and the cutter head is slid toward the side opposite to the cutter frame, the caisson can be integrally collected from the inside of the caisson.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The invention according to the present application provides a shaft excavator body having a cross section smaller than the inner shape of the caisson cross section, and holding means for holding the shaft shaft excavator body at a predetermined position in the caisson. A cutter head is provided at the front of the shaft excavator main body, and the cutter head is protruded to one side of the outer periphery of the cutter head while the cutter head is held concentrically with the shaft excavator to excavate a caisson front. A cutter frame is provided, and the outer shape including the most protruding portion of the cutter frame and the outermost peripheral portion of the cutter head is formed smaller than the inner shape of the caisson cross-section. Sliding means for sliding inward is provided.

According to such a shaft excavator, when the cutter head is set in the caisson, the center of the cutter head is slid so that the outer shape including the most protruding portion of the cutter frame and the outermost peripheral portion of the cutter head crosses the caisson. By moving the cutter head in the plane and moving the center of the cutter head to the center point of the shaft excavator after setting, it is possible to excavate the caisson outer diameter portion with the cutter frame. And, after the shaft excavation is completed, by performing this reverse operation,
Since the cutter head together with the shaft excavator main body can be housed in the inner shape of the cross section of the caisson, the shaft excavator can be integrally collected.

This holding means can be achieved by means for pressing the inner surface of the caisson to hold it by friction of the contact surface, or means for engaging and holding the inner surface of the caisson.

If a copy cutter projecting in the radial direction is provided at the tip of the cutter frame, widening excavation can be easily performed with the copy cutter.

If the shaft shaft excavator main body is composed of a front body and a rear body, and the front body and the rear body are provided with holding means that can be separately held at a predetermined caisson position, the front and rear bodies are alternately moved. ,
The shaft excavator itself can be self-propelled in a caisson like a so-called scale insect.

Further, if a locking portion for locking the caisson inner surface in the axial direction is formed at the tip of the holding means, the shaft excavator can be more securely held.

Further, if two cutter frames are provided on the outer periphery of the cutter head, it is possible to efficiently excavate. If the two cutter frames are provided on the outer periphery of the cutter head at an angle of about 90 degrees, Excavation can be performed with good balance.

The cutter head is provided with a detachable cutter spacer for changing the protruding length of the cutter frame, and the holding means for the front and rear bodies is detachably provided with holding spacers for changing the holding length. Since the diameter of the excavation by the frame and the diameter of the holding by the holding means can be changed, it can be diverted to shaft excavation of different diameters.

[0021]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the invention according to the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a shaft excavator showing one embodiment of the invention according to this application, FIG. 2 is a front view of the shaft excavator viewed from below, and FIG. is there. FIG. 1 is a cross section at two cutter frame positions.

As shown in the drawing, a caisson C for forming a shaft H (shaft hole) having a predetermined shape is provided in a vertical direction, and a shaft excavator M is provided inside the caisson C. In this embodiment, an example in which a circular shaft H is excavated is shown. In a shaft excavator M which excavates the shaft H, an excavation unit E provided at a front portion projects downward from a front end (lower end) of a caisson C. , The outer diameter of the cross section of the caisson C can be excavated.

The excavation portion E includes a circular cutter head 1 provided in the center, a cutter frame 2 provided on a side portion of the cutter head 1, and a copy cutter 3 (provided in the cutter frame 2). And "overcutter"), and is configured to excavate underground by a cutter bit 4 provided on the front surface thereof. In this embodiment, the connection between the cutter frame 2 and the cutter head 1 is made detachable.

Further, in this embodiment, two cutter frames 2 are provided at an outer periphery of the cutter head 1 at an angle of approximately 90 degrees, so that the cutter bits provided on the front surface of the cutter frame 2 and the front surface of the cutter head 1 are provided. 4
Divides the excavated surface into approximately three equal parts, avoids the excavation efficiency being deteriorated due to the narrow interval between the cutter bits 4, and the outermost periphery of the cutter frame 2 and the outermost periphery of the cutter head 1 due to the wide interval between the cutter bits 4. The excavator is configured to be able to excavate efficiently without increasing the outer diameter including the portion.

The copy cutter 3 is configured such that a base thereof can be projected or stored from an end of the cutter frame 2 by a jack 5 which is pivotally supported by the cutter frame 2.
In the state where the caisson C is protruded, the caisson C has a protruding amount capable of excavating the front part. In addition, a discharge port 6 for excavated earth and sand is provided at the center side of the cutter head 1, and the cutter head 1 is moved by an upper earth and sand discharging device (not shown).
It is configured to discharge earth and sand on the front.

A driving unit F for driving the excavating unit E having these components is provided at a central portion of a shaft excavator body N having a front trunk 7 located at the front of the caisson C and a rear trunk 8 located at the rear thereof. And a drive motor 9 supported by a frame 7a of the front body 7, a revolving gear 11 meshed with a gear 10 of the drive motor 9, and a support frame 12 revolving with the revolving gear 11. ing.

The support frame 12 supports a guide member 13 provided on the upper part of the cutter head 1 and a sliding jack 14 provided in the support frame 12.
The guide member 13 is configured to be slidable in the horizontal direction along the support frame 12 by expanding and contracting.

The front body 7 and the rear body 8 are inserted along the inner surface of the front body 7 so that the rear body 8 can slide in the vertical direction. The front and rear trunks 8 and 8 can be extended and contracted by extending and retracting the elevating jack 15 that connects the two.

A front gripper 16 and a rear gripper 17, which are holding means for pressing the inner surface of the caisson C to support its own weight and receiving an excavation reaction force, are provided on the outer periphery of the front body 7 and the rear body 8, respectively. These grippers 1
The inner surface of the caisson C is pressed by expanding and contracting a jack 18 provided between the front body 6 and the front body 7 and the rear body 8. Note that these grippers 1
6 and 17 may be arranged so that the shaft excavator body N can be positioned at the center of the caisson C. Preferably, the shafts 6 and 17 are provided on the outer periphery of the shaft excavator M at equal intervals to facilitate movement to the center position. Can be controlled.

In the first embodiment, a concave portion Ca for locking the grippers 16 and 17 is formed on the inner surface of the caisson C, and a corner portion which is a locking portion at the tip of the grippers 16 and 17 is engaged. By stopping, the positioning of the shaft excavator M is more reliably performed, and the support of the shaft excavator M by the grippers 16 and 17 is more reliably performed. V is the outer diameter of the caisson C, and W is the inner diameter of the caisson C (in cross-section).

According to the shaft excavator M of the first embodiment configured as described above, the shaft H is formed by excavating the caisson C and burying the caisson C in the following manner. After excavation, it is possible to ascend in the caisson C by itself and collect it integrally.

First, when the cutter head 1 is set in the caisson C, the guide member 13 is
To move the center of the cutter head 1 to the movement point P by sliding the outer edge of the cutter frame 2 and the outermost periphery of the cutter head 1 in the cross section of the caisson C. Position. This slide amount is a slide amount V in which the cutter frame 2 on the side of the cutter head 1 fits within the cross section of the caisson C, as indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIGS. In this state, the caisson C is moved to a predetermined position, and when it reaches the predetermined position, the inner surface of the caisson C is pressed by the front and rear grippers 16 and 17 to hold the shaft excavator M at the predetermined position. In this embodiment, the gripper 1 is provided in the concave portion Ca formed on the inner surface of the caisson C.
Self-propelled while locking 6 and 17 alternately.

After holding the shaft excavator M at a predetermined position, the guide member 13 is moved toward the cutter frame 2 by the sliding jack 14 so that the cutter head 1 is moved.
Is moved to the center point S, that is, concentrically with the shaft excavator M, so that the outer diameter portion of the caisson can be excavated by the cutter frame 2.

Then, the cutter head 1 is turned by driving the drive motor 9, and the ground below the caisson C is excavated by the cutter head 1, the cutter frame 2 and the copy cutter 3 to excavate the shaft H. During this excavation, the excavation diameter is determined by appropriately expanding and contracting the copy cutter 3 with the jack 5 (see line Z in FIG. 2).

After excavating the shaft H to a predetermined depth, the shaft excavator M is integrally collected on the ground as follows.

That is, after the copy cutter 3 is stored in the cutter frame 2, the guide member 13 is slid toward the opposite side of the cutter frame by the sliding jack 14 along the support frame 12 provided at the front end of the front body 7. As a result, the center of the cutter head 1 is moved from the center point S to the moving point P, and is shifted from the center of the caisson C. Thereby, the most protruding portion of the cutter frame 2 and the cutter head 1
Is located within the inner diameter W of the caisson C.

Thereafter, the rear gripper 17 of the rear body 8 is reduced by the jack 18 and the lifting jack 15 is extended to slide the rear body 8 upward, and when the predetermined sliding amount is reached, the rear gripper 17 is extended. The inner wall of caisson C is pressed.

Next, the front gripper 16 of the front body 7 is reduced by the jack 18 and the lifting jack 15 is reduced, whereby the front body 7 is pulled up to the rear body 8 side. At this time, since the center of the cutter head 1 is shifted so that the cutter frame 2 fits within the inner diameter W of the caisson C, the cutter frame 2 can be raised without contacting the caisson C.

In this way, the front and rear grippers 16, 1
By raising the front body 7 and the back body 8 alternately at 7,
If it is made to move by so-called shading insect movement, the shaft excavator M
From the front of the caisson C to the ground. Therefore, there is no need to lift from the ground by a crane.

As described above, when the cutter head 1 is slid toward the side opposite to the cutter frame, the cutter head 1 and the cutter frame 2 can be accommodated in the caisson cross-sectional shape, so that the grippers 16 and 17 can be accommodated in the caisson C.
A shaft excavator body N having front and rear shells 7, 8 having
The shaft excavator M can be lifted up along the center of the caisson C and collectively collected without any extra work or crane preparation. In addition, since the entire center of the cutter head 1 is moved to widen the digging diameter, the stroke of the copy cutter 3 can be shortened and wide digging can be performed with the strong cutter head 1 structure.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a shaft excavator showing a second embodiment, FIG. 5 is a front view of the shaft excavator viewed from below,
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. FIG. 4 is also a cross section at two cutter frame positions. The second embodiment shows an example in which a shaft H having a larger diameter is excavated after the shaft excavator M of the first embodiment is recovered. X is the outside diameter of the caisson C, and Y is the inside diameter (cross-sectional shape) of the caisson C. The same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

After recovering the shaft excavator M, the cutter frame 2 is separated from the cutter head 1 and the cutter spacer 19 is mounted between them. The holding spacers are provided on the outer surfaces of the front and rear grippers 16 and 17. The support 20 is attached.

By attaching the cutter spacer 19 and the holding spacer 20 as described above, the inner diameter of the caisson C can be increased. These spacers 19, 20
Is a length corresponding to the inner diameter Y of the caisson C, and the cutter spacer 19 is used for the support frame 12 of the front body 7.
When the guide member 13 of the cutter head 1 is slid by the slide amount U along the length of the caisson C, the length of the holding spacer 20 may be within the inner diameter Y of the caisson C.
Any length is acceptable as long as the inner surface is pressed to hold the shaft excavator M.

Further, an additional frame 21 is provided on the opposite side of the cutter head 1 provided with the cutter frame 2, and by providing this additional frame, the excavation efficiency by the cutter bit 4 on the front surface is improved.

With the shaft excavator M according to the second embodiment constructed as described above, if the copy cutter 3 is protruded from the cutter frame 2 and excavated, the shaft H (shaft hole) is excavated at the front of the caisson C. ) Can be drilled.
Moreover, since the cutter frame 2 supporting the copy cutter 3 is firmly connected to the cutter head 1 via the cutter spacer 19, the cutter frame 2 can sufficiently withstand the excavation reaction force.

After the shaft H is excavated to the predetermined depth in this manner, the cutter head 1 is slid by the sliding amount U toward the opposite side of the cutter frame by the sliding jack 14 as the sliding means, as in the first embodiment described above. Then, by raising the rear gripper 17 of the rear trunk 8 and the front gripper 16 of the front trunk 7 alternately, the entire shaft excavator M can be integrally collected.

In this way, by providing the detachable spacer between the cutter head 1 and the cutter frame 2 and providing the spacer 19 and the detachable holding spacer 20 on the grippers 16 and 17, the diameter of the caisson C can be reduced. Since it is possible to easily change the excavation diameter so that it can be diverted to a caisson in a range where only the corresponding spacers 19 and 20 are provided, together with the integrated recovery of the shaft excavator M using the front and rear grippers 16 and 17, In addition, the recovered shaft excavator M can be applied to a caisson having a different diameter, and the construction cost can be significantly reduced by using the shaft excavator M a plurality of times.

The sliding jack 14 as the sliding means in the first and second embodiments may be a feed screw mechanism or the like, as long as it can slide the cutter head 1 toward the side opposite to the cutter frame. I just need.

Further, in these embodiments, the locking portions are formed at the tips of the front and rear grippers 16 and 17 so as to be locked in the concave portions Ca formed in the inner surface of the caisson C.
Although it is possible to surely hold the shaft excavator M, if there is a sufficient pressing force, the locking portion between the concave portion Ca on the inner surface of the caisson C and the grippers 16 and 17 may not be formed.

Further, in the above embodiment, an example of excavating the circular shaft H is shown. However, if the rotation of the cutter head 1 and the sliding of the sliding jack 14 as the sliding means are controlled in combination, the rectangular shape within the diameter range is obtained. It is also possible to excavate a cross section, and in this case also, it is possible to collectively collect the excavation, so that it can be used for other works or for use in excavation work of a shaft (caisson) having a different size.

[0051]

The invention according to this application is implemented in the form described above, and has the following effects.

The outer shape including the outermost peripheral portion of the cutter head and the most protruding portion of the cutter frame provided at the front portion of the shaft excavator body having a cross section smaller than the inner shape of the caisson cross section is formed smaller than the inner shape of the caisson cross section. So, after excavating the caisson front part concentrically with the shaft excavator body, if the cutter head is slid to the side opposite to the cutter frame, it can be collected integrally from the inside of the caisson, so the integrated collection of the shaft excavator It does not require cost and time, and it is possible to easily convert the shaft excavator to other works.

If a copy cutter protruding in the radial direction is provided at the tip of the cutter frame, widening excavation can be performed with this copy cutter, and widening excavation according to the outer diameter of the caisson can be easily performed.

Further, if the shaft excavator main body is composed of a front body and a rear body and provided with holding means that can be separately held, the front and rear bodies are alternately moved so that the shaft excavator body can be self-propelled in the caisson. And it is possible to collectively collectively quickly without requiring another collecting means.

Further, if a locking portion for locking in the axial direction is formed on the inner surface of the caisson at the end of the holding means, the shaft excavator can be more securely held and the shaft excavator can be more stably held. .

Further, if two cutter frames are provided on the outer periphery of the cutter head, excavation can be performed efficiently.
By providing these two cutter frames at an angle of about 90 degrees on the outer periphery of the cutter head, it is possible to excavate in a more balanced manner, and it is possible to efficiently excavate the front part of the caisson.

Also, a cutter spacer for changing the length of the protrusion of the cutter frame is detachably provided on the cutter head, and a holding spacer for changing the holding length is detachably provided on the holding means of the front body and the rear body. It can be easily converted to shaft excavation of different internal shapes.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a shaft excavator showing a first embodiment of the invention according to this application.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the shaft excavator shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from below.

FIG. 3 shows a sliding means A of the shaft excavator shown in FIG.
It is -A sectional drawing.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a shaft excavator showing a second embodiment of the invention according to the present application.

5 is a front view of the shaft excavator shown in FIG. 4 as viewed from below.

FIG. 6B shows the sliding means of the shaft excavator shown in FIG.
It is -B sectional drawing.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cutter head 2 ... Cutter frame 3 ... Copy cutter 4 ... Cutter bit 5 ... Jack 6 ... Discharge port 7 ... Front trunk 8 ... Rear trunk 9 ... Driving motor 10 ... Gear 11 ... Slewing gear 12 ... Support frame 13 ... Guide member 14 ... Sliding jack 15 ... Elevating jack 16 ... Front gripper 17 ... Rear gripper 18 ... Jack 19 ... Cutter spacer 20 ... Holding spacer 21 ... Additional frame C ... Caisson V, X ... Outer diameter W, Y ... Inner diameter (cross section) U: Sliding amount P: Moving point S: Center point H: Vertical shaft E: Excavation unit F: Drive unit N: Vertical shaft excavator body M: Vertical shaft excavator

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-6-294277 (JP, A) JP-A-9-4360 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E21D 1 / 03-1/06 E02D 23/08

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. A shaft excavator body having a cross section smaller than an inner shape of a caisson cross section, holding means for holding the shaft shaft excavator body at a predetermined position of the caisson, a cutter provided at a front portion of the shaft shaft excavator body. Providing a head, the cutter head,
A cutter frame for excavating the front of the caisson by projecting to one side of the outer periphery of the cutter head while holding the cutter head concentrically with the shaft excavator is provided, and the most protruding portion of the cutter frame and the outermost periphery of the cutter head are provided. A shaft excavator, characterized in that an outer shape including a section and a section is formed smaller than an inner shape of the caisson transverse section, and a slide means for sliding the cutter head toward the side opposite to the cutter frame and into the caisson transverse section is provided. 2. The shaft excavator according to claim 1, wherein a copy cutter protruding in a radial direction is provided at a tip of the cutter frame. 3. The vertical shaft excavator body comprises a front body and a rear body, and the front body and the rear body are provided with holding means capable of separately holding the caisson at a predetermined position. The shaft shaft excavator according to claim 2. 4. A holding portion formed at the tip of the holding means for locking in the axial direction of the inner surface of the caisson.
The shaft excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. The shaft excavator according to claim 1, wherein two cutter frames are provided on the outer periphery of the cutter head. 6. The shaft excavator according to claim 5, wherein the two cutter frames are provided at an angle of substantially 90 degrees around the outer periphery of the cutter head. 7. The cutter head is provided with a detachable cutter spacer for changing the length of the protrusion of the cutter frame, and the holding means for the front and rear barrels is provided with detachable holding spacers for changing the holding length. The shaft excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein