JP2980287B2 - Cutting resistance yarns, fabrics and gloves - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This is a continuation-in-part of application number 140,530, filed January 4, 1988, which is filed on June 12, 1986.
This is a continuation-in-part of Japanese Patent Application No. 873,669.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cutting resistance yarn and a protective garment.
Regarding their use to. Such protective garments have many uses. Butchers who are exposed to sharp blades need such clothing. Metal and glass handlers who must be protected from sharp edges during material handling can use such protective clothing.
Health care workers exposed to scalpels and other sharp instruments are protected by the use of such clothing.

It is known to produce cut resistant fabrics for gloves used for safety in the meat cutting industry. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,251, U.S. Pat. No. 4,384,449, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,004,295, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. It is also known to produce composite lines comprising two filamentary materials as cores and jackets of different tensile strength and elongation, as in US Pat. No. 4,321,654, which is hereby incorporated by reference. The production of composite strands, cables, yarns, ropes, fabrics, filaments, etc., is also known in other prior U.S. patents not listed here.

In the prior art, U.S. Pat. No. 3,883,898 suggests that aramid fibers such as "Kevlar" are used in cut resistant gloves worn by butchers. U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,893 teaches the use of aramid fibers in a cut resistant apron.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,004,295 suggests the use of gloves made of metal wire yarns and non-metallic fibers such as aramid fibers, particularly as protection from cutting blades in meat processing plants. U.S. Patent Nos. 4,384,449 and 4,470,251 also describe the use of metal wires in combination with aramid fibers.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,514 suggests the use of a yarn consisting of a monofilament nylon core surrounded by at least one aramid fiber strand and a nylon fiber strand. The stated advantage of the yarn over that suggested, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,004,295, is that the yarn is non-conductive.

Ultra high molecular weight means 300,000 to 7,000,000. Usually the molecular weight is less than 300,000.

The fibers mentioned here are threads, filaments, etc.
A single or a group of multifilaments, of continuous or short length, such as staples, is meant.

Yarns as referred to herein have a denier of less than 10,000, and include braiding, weaving.
ing), a continuous length of fiber wrapped with similar or different fibers, suitable for further processing into a fabric by fusing, fusing, tufting, knitting, and the like.

Strands as referred to herein have a denier of less than 2000 and are preferably untwisted continuous or spun staple fibers, or, for the reference embodiment only, a diameter of 0.01%.
A multifilament or monofilament end of a continuous length of metal less than an inch is meant.

Cutting resistance garments made using the prior art have undesirable disadvantages or limitations for many applications. Clothing made using only high strength polyethylene and other fibers improves cut protection levels. However, very sharp edges, such as, for example, newly sharpened blades, can also cut very cut resistant fibers with only moderate cutting forces. The addition of a metal wire to a yarn containing one of the above high strength fibers can improve the cutting resistance of the yarn. Even very sharp edges make it difficult to completely cut yarns made from aramid and metal fibers.
However, such yarns are not very flexible due to the rigidity of the metal. If the garment is too rigid, the wearer may be fatigued by using it or, in extreme cases, strip off the garment and lose the intended protection. This repeated use and bending of the garment will break the relatively rigid metal wire. In this case, it is considered that the broken wire end protrudes from the yarn. These sharp wires protruding from the garment will scratch the wearer or the object being handled.

The use of metal wire for the cut resistant yarn makes the yarn conductive. This means that garments made of such yarns are not used in contact with high voltage electrical equipment. The use of nylon monofilaments instead of metal wires in the cutting resistance yarns eliminates the conductivity problem. However, the use of nylon monofilaments results in yarns with low cutting resistance. Nylon is easier to cut than metal wire due to its very sharp edges. Therefore, the yarn as a whole is easily cut.

The present invention overcomes many of the limitations of cutting resistance yarns made using the prior art. The present invention has a cut resistance equal to or better than the cut resistance obtained with yarns containing metal wires, but does not have the stiffness or conductivity associated with metal-containing yarns.

The present invention relates to a cutting resistance jacket for ropes, webbing, straps, pneumatic products and the like, and more particularly to a cutting resistance jacket surrounding elements with low cutting resistance, wherein the jacket is made of a yarn fabric.
ic), wherein the yarn has a tensile strength of at least 1 GPa and relates to a cut-resistant product consisting essentially of high-strength long strands wrapped in fibers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a high cut resistance composite yarn. Yarn consists of at least two types of fibrous materials. All materials contained in the yarn are non-metallic. At least one of these materials needs to be highly flexible and inherently cut resistant. At least one of the materials needs to have a high hardness level. Examples of such yarns are based on the combination of glass fibers, a hard fibrous material, and high strength extended chain polyethylene fibers, a flexible and inherently cut resistant fibrous material.

Made from the yarn of the invention, such as gloves,
The garment is highly cut resistant. They are also very flexible and non-conductive.

The present invention differs from the prior art in that it uses a non-metallic hard fiber material as one component of the yarn. The only hard fiber material suggested in the prior art is a metal wire. Other materials suggested by the prior art, such as nylon, are not considered hard materials.

It is somewhat surprising that brittle, hard materials, such as, for example, glass fibers, can impart such significant levels of cut resistance to the composite yarns of the present invention. It is usually thought that such brittle materials break easily when the yarn collides with the cutting edge and provide little protection. However, the use of very small diameter glass in the core of the yarn, optionally protected by external wrapping of flexible fibers or an elastomeric coating, has been shown to make the composite yarn very break resistant during cutting. .

More particularly, the present invention is a cut resistant yarn composed of at least two non-metallic fibers, at least one of which is flexible and inherently cut resistant, and at least one of which is of a high level of rigidity. . Preferably, the hardness level is greater than about 3 on the Mohs hardness scale. The cut resistant fibers were prepared according to U.S. Patent Application No. 223,596 (filed July 25, 1988) with a cut weight of 135 g, a mandrel speed of 50 rpm and a mandrel diameter of 1
9 mm, blade drop height 9 mm, cutting resistant with at least 10 cycles with a cutting device using a single-edged razor blade for cutting, said fibers are 2 per inch It was tested as a knitted fabric consisting of 2400 denier fibers having less than one turn twist and woven into 11 oz / square yard fabric with a 10 gauge knitting machine. Preferred cut resistant fibers are selected from the group consisting of high strength polyethylene, high strength polypropylene, high strength polyvinyl alcohol, aramid, high strength liquid crystalline polyester and mixtures thereof. Preferred fibers having a high level of hardness are selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramic, carbon and mixtures thereof. Fibers with a high level of hardness have a diameter of at most about 12 microns, with a diameter of about 2 to about
Most preferably, it is in the range of 10 microns. Another preferred fiber having a high level of hardness is a multi-component fiber of any diameter or thickness, which may have a softer core material and an outer coating of a hard material such as glass, ceramic or carbon. sell. Similarly, the hard fiber is a soft material whose matrix is impregnated with a hard material such as, for example, carbon, glass or ceramic.
It can be a composite fiber of any thickness. Mixtures of any of the above hard fibers are also considered useful. Fibers having a high level of hardness can be coated with an elastomeric coating. The invention is also a fabric made from yarns of the above-mentioned composite fibers and a garment such as a glove made from such a fabric.

A reference embodiment of the present invention is a cutting resistance product comprising a cutting resistance jacket surrounding a low cutting resistance element. The jacket consists of a yarn fabric. The yarn consists essentially of high strength long strands having a tensile strength of at least 1 GPa.
More than one strand is used. This strand is wrapped with fiber. The fibers are the same or different from the long yarn.

The fibers surrounding the strands also preferably have a tensile strength of at least 1 GPa.

Low cutting resistance element is rope, webbing (webbin
g), straps, hoses and pneumatic structures.

The core strand fibers of ropes, webbing, straps or pneumatic structures are nylon, polyester,
Fibers of polypropylene, polyethylene, aramid, ultra high molecular weight high strength polyethylene or other fibers known for this application.

The pneumatic structure is a low cut resistance layer having the fabric of the present invention as a jacket or outer layer. The strands used for the fibers of the jacket can be selected from the group consisting of aramid, ultra-high molecular weight polyolefin, carbon, metal, glass fiber and combinations thereof. The fibers used to wrap the long strand (s) are aramid fibers, ultra-high molecular weight polyolefin fibers, carbon fibers, metal fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers of normal molecular weight, glass fibers, polyacrylic fibers and these. It can be selected from the group consisting of combinations. If the fiber wrapping is a high-strength fiber having a strength exceeding 1 GPa, the preferred fiber wrapping is selected from the group consisting of aramid fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyolefin fiber, carbon fiber, metal fiber, glass fiber, and combinations thereof. be able to.

 The polyolefin fiber of the present invention is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
Or polypropylene, preferably polyethylene.
And commercial examples are Spectra ) 900 and su
It is Pektra 1000.

Fiber wrapping can also be a blend of low and high strength fibers. Such low-strength fibers are polyamide,
It can be selected from the group consisting of polyester, glass fiber, polyacrylic fiber and combinations thereof.

The product of the present invention comprises a jacket surrounding the low cutting resistance element.
More than one can be included.

In another example of a reference embodiment, the product of the present invention includes a substance present in interstices of the fabric of the jacket to bond the yarn of the fabric to adjacent yarns of the fabric to increase the penetration resistance of the jacket.

The material used for the gap may be an elastomer, preferably a thermoplastic rubber, more preferably a material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride.

Description of the Preferred Embodiment Cut-Resistant Yarn The yarns of the present invention comprise at least two types of fibrous materials, at least one being flexible and cut-resistant, and at least one other having a high level of hardness. No. The desirability of using this particular combination of materials was revealed by close observation of the sharp edge cutting effect on various fiber materials.

It is known that certain fibrous materials have an inherently high level of cut resistance. For example, aramid fibers such as "Kevlar" are less likely to be cut than most other synthetic fibers. As an example, if the sharpness of the cutting edge is the same in both cases, a complete cut of aramid fibers requires more force than a complete cut of an equal amount of polyester fibers.

It has also been observed that extended chain polyethylene (ECPE) fibers, such as "Spectra", are inherently cut resistant. In addition to being highly cut resistant, ECPE fibers are very wear resistant and flexible, forming excellent cut resistant yarns.

The invention relates to a method wherein at least one of the fiber materials of the yarn is
It requires a flexible and inherently cut resistant material, such as, but not limited to, aramid fibers or ECPE fibers.

Materials such as aramid fibers and ECPE fibers are cut resistant, but these fibers also use extremely sharp edges during cutting, and if these edges are pulled through the material during application of the cutting force, the relative Can be completely cut with moderate force. During the course of the development of the present invention, it was discovered that the addition of hard fibers to a flexible and inherently cut resistant material significantly increased the cut resistance of the yarn. It has been discovered that this hard material dulls the cutting edge during the cutting process, thereby making the cutting edge more difficult to cut.

The presumption that hard materials blunt sharp edges and make it difficult to cut yarn was demonstrated by the following simple test. A sample of a knitted ECPE fabric was cut with an unused scalpel blade. Sufficient force was applied by hand when the scalpel was pulled through the fabric to completely cut the fabric. Next, a similarly unused scalpel blade was brought into contact with 25 denier glass fiber. The cutting edge of the scalpel was pulled over the glass fiber under moderate hand pressure, this pressure was not large enough to break the glass fiber, but was such that the entire cutting edge was in contact with the glass fiber. Next, using this scalpel, the ECPE
The fabric was cut. It has been found that the force required to completely cut the fabric is greatly increased in this case. It was clear that pulling the scalpel's edge over the glass fiber reduced the edge's sharpness. When the scalpel's edge is repeatedly brought into contact with the glass fiber, the edge can be EC at any level of hand pressure
It has been found that the PE fabric can be dulled to such an extent that it is no longer cut. On the other hand, when the ECPE fabric was repeatedly cut with an unused scalpel, the force required for cutting did not increase with the number of cuts. It was clear that ECPE did not noticeably blunt the female margin.

For the purposes of the present invention, non-metallic hard fiber materials can be used. Glass fibers and ceramic fibers were common examples of such materials. For the purposes of the present invention, a "hard material" is a material having a hardness level such that the sharpness of the cutting edge can be significantly reduced.

The shape taken by the hard material can vary considerably. The hard fiber material has a uniform composition and has a continuous length, such as, for example, continuous filament glass fibers. The hard fiber material can also be non-continuous, such as, for example, chopped glass fibers. This can also be a heterogeneous composition. For example, the fibrous material can be composed of organic fibers coated with a layer of a ceramic material. Another example is an organic fiber filled with ceramic particles or fibrils. The above examples are given by way of illustration only, and many modifications can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art.

The presumption that can be made by those skilled in the art is that the hard fibrous material used as part of the present invention is very brittle and therefore has limited use in clothing. In fact, the brittleness of the hard material used is not a significant issue. Glass fibers or ceramic fibers commonly used in the present invention have extremely small diameters. If large diameters are required, the above coated or impregnated fibers can be used. As a result, these hard materials are still very brittle, but can be bent around very small radii without breaking. Preferably, a hard fiber material is placed in the core of the composite yarn. In this way, the hard material is exposed to a minimum stress during the bending of the yarn. In addition, by incorporating a hard material into the core of the yarn, a flexible and inherently cut resistant material helps protect the more brittle core material.

In many cases, it is preferred to coat the hard fiber material with a continuous layer of elastomeric material. This coating has several important functions. If the hard material is a multifilament fiber, the coating holds the fiber bundle together and protects the fiber from stresses that occur during handling of the fiber before it enters the composite yarn. The coating provides a physical barrier,
Chemical protection of hard materials. Furthermore, if the hard material breaks during use, the coating traps the hard material and does not leave the yarn structure.

A cut test apparatus useful for measuring the cut resistance of the fibers and yarns of the present invention is described in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 223,596, filed Jul. 25, 1988, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Have been. For the purposes of the present invention, "cutting test equipment" means the above equipment.

EXAMPLES Test of cut resistant fabric Sample A was a knitted glove made from ECPE fiber, Spectra 1000. This glove is 7
Gauge knitting machine for Shima Seiki gloves (Shima Seiki glove kn)
It was knitted with an itting machine. The yarn used to make the gloves consisted of 1200 denier bifilaments, with one turn per inch per fiber yarn, giving a total yarn denier of 2400. Glove cloth is about 0.
It is 045 inches thick and weighs about 13.8 ounces per square yard.

Sample B was a woven fabric manufactured using glass fibers (E-glass). This fabric is 57 × 54 satin woven using 595 denier untwisted glass fiber and has a thickness of
It was 0.009 inches and weighed 8.9 oz / square yard.

Sample C was a combination of ECPE fibers (Spectra 1000) and glass fibers (E-glass). The yarn used for the gloves is arranged on the yarn core without twisting 595 denier glass fiber and 650 denier ECPE fiber (Spectra 1000).
The core was wrapped with 650 denier ECPE fiber in one direction and wrapped with another 650 denier ECPE fiber in the other direction. Composite yarn denier is 2900
Met. The gloves were knitted with a 7 gauge Shima Seiki knitting machine. The glove fabric is about 0.055 inches thick, about 18
It had a weight of ounces / square yard.

The test used to determine the cut resistance of the sample is described in co-pending U.S. Application No. 223,596. This test involves repeating the sample with a sharp edge until the sample is penetrated by the cutting edge. The greater the number of cut cycles (contacts) required to penetrate the sample, the greater the reported cut resistance of the sample. During the test, the following conditions were used: cutting 135 g, mandrel speed 52 rpm, rotating steel mandrel diameter 19 mm, cutting blade drop height 9 mm, single-edge industrial laser cutting blade [Red Revil brand (Red Reville brand)
vil brand)], two types of glove cloth (samples A and C), a cutting arm distance of 6 inches from the tip of the pivot to the center of the blade
Were tested by cutting the glove finger from the glove and placing the finger over the mandrel of the testing machine. The finger was maintained on the mandrel by placing a band clamp on the cutting edge of the finger. A woven sample (Sample B) was tested by cutting a 2x2 inch piece from the fabric, wrapping the sample around the mandrel of the tester, and maintaining it with adhesive tape on the mandrel. The woven fabric was mounted such that the cutting blade did not come into contact with the sample at the overlapping portion of the fabric edge where it was mounted. The reported disconnection times are the average of multiple tests. A new unknown laser blade was used for each test so that the cutting edge sharpness was the same for each test.

It is surprising that the addition of glass fibers to ECPE fibers (Sample C) can significantly increase the cut resistance of the fibers in this way. It is clear that the glass fibers themselves have little cut resistance. Glass fibers are susceptible to breaking during the impact of the cutting process when used alone. Synergy is observed when combining ECPE fibers and glass fibers to produce cut resistant yarns.

For this comparative test, glass woven fabric was used for its availability. It would have been desirable to test a knitted glass fabric as well. However, glass fibers are difficult to knit due to their brittleness, and such fabrics have not been readily available. Knitted glass fabrics are not expected to have significantly different levels of cut resistance as compared to glass woven fabrics.

Reference Example Yarn for Jacket Fabric The yarn used for manufacturing the protective jacket fabric according to the reference embodiment of the present invention was prepared by combining one long strand of stainless steel wire having a diameter of 0.11 mm, a tensile strength of 3 GPa, a module of 171 GPa,
2.7% elongation, 650 denier and 1 strand or 1
It is made by wrapping one parallel strand of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibers having 120 filaments per yarn. This yarn is commercially available from Allied Corporation as Spectra 1000. The wrapping fiber has a tensile strength of 1.00 GPa,
Modulus 13.2GPa, elongation 14%, 500 denier, 700
Filament / filament polyester. For the yarn A, the wire and the high-strength polyethylene parallel yarn are wrapped using the two-layer wrap of the polyester fiber.

For yarn B, the above ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibers are used as the innermost layer wrapping around the strands, the outer layer is polyester fibers.

Alternatively, aramid such as Kevlar can be used as strands or as wrapping fibers instead of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

Comparative yarn C-3600 denier, polyester having a tensile strength of 1 GPa, a modulus of 13.2 GPa and an elongation of 14%,
No wrapping.

This wrapped yarn (A or B) or comparative yarn C is then braided.
d), can be knitted, woven or otherwise made into a fabric for use as the jacket of the present invention.

This jacket can then be used to surround ropes, webbing, straps, pneumatic structures, and the like. The jacket is a braider device (braider apparatu
In s), it is produced from one or more yarn yarns per carrier. Full or partial coating of the core of the braided or parallel strands can be applied. The yarn of the fabric used in the jacket of the invention is wrapped around the strand or strands, for example, in such a way that it simply wraps the strands of high strength fibers or by core spinning or by tazalanizing or other methods. Yarn wrap can be applied.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1 Test on Rope Three types of standard ropes, jacketed with a cut-protective fabric, were tested for cut resistance. Three types of conventional stranded 1/4 inch (0.6 cm) rope were made and a specific braided yarn fabric was used to surround the rope core as a jacket. The jacket can be coated on a separately formed rope core or formed around the core in one of the manufacturing steps.

 Comparative Sample 1 is a cloth bladed from Comparative Yarn C
Kevlar stranding with a jacket made of fabric
It was soup. Comparative sample 2 was shaken from comparative yarn C.
Ultra-high molecular weight with jacket made of hardened fabric
High strength polyethylene (Spectra 900) Textile strand
It was a rope. An example of sample 3 of the invention is a yarn
Surrounded by a jacket made into a blade from A
Quantitative polyethylene (Spectra ) Fiber strand row
Was

Guillotine test for three types of jacketed rope (gu
llotine test). In the guillotine test, the rope was held on a fixture to limit its movement.
Clamps prevented the rope from moving along its axis, threaded the rope inside the two pipes, and prevented the rope from deflection during cutting. The two pipes were separated very slightly when the blade made the cut. The maximum force required to completely cut the rope was measured.

In the second test, the cut damage test, the rope was placed on a wooden surface and no other restraint was added. Then put the blade in the rope 25
We pushed in with 0 pounds (113.6 kg) of force. The damaged rope was tested for retention strength. In both tests, a new Stanley blade was used for each test sample.
e) No.1992 was used. The test results are shown below.

Observation of the cutting damage test ("abused") rope indicated that Sample 1 rope was smoothly cut halfway. Sample 2 The rope jacket was also partially cut, but the filament was not cut smoothly. Sample 3 rope showed only a depression where the blade pressed. No signs of even cutting the jacket were shown. For this purpose, only the sample 3 rope was tested in a cutting damage test at 500 lb force. this is
Retained 92% strength and no jacket cut was demonstrated.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 2 Wear Resistance Comparative Sample 2 and Sample 3 (invention) were tested for jacket wear resistance by the above test. Sample 3 was jacketed with yarn A braided fabric, 1
It was a / 4 inch (0.6 cm) stranded rope.

In the test, each sample rope was bent at a 90 degree angle on a 10 inch (25.3 cm) diameter abrasive wheel. A 180 pound (81.8 kg) load was applied to the rope and the grinding wheel was reciprocated through a 3-inch (7.6 cm) stroke while rotating at 3 rpm. The test was terminated when the jacket was completely worn. The number of strokes (cycles) of each sample was 8 for Comparative Sample 2 and 80 for Sample 3.

Reference Example 3 Bladed Rope Four types of 1/4 inch (0.6 cm) braided ropes were tested using various jackets. The comparative sample 4 rope was braided from the above high strength ultra high molecular weight polyethylene yarn, and the jacket was 1000 denier, 192 filament /
Raw yarn, tensile strength 1.05GPa, modulus 15.9GPa and elongation 1
Bladed from 5% polyester yarn.

Sample 5 rope is 1875 denier, tensile strength 2.53GPa,
Kevlar yarn with a modulus of 60.4 GPa and 3.5% elongation was bladed. The jacket was the same as sample 3.

Sample 6 rope was also bladed from the high strength, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene yarn under low tension to obtain a "soft" rope. The jacket used was the same as in Example 3.

Sample 7 rope was the same as Sample 6, except that a higher tension was applied during braiding of the rope to form a "hard" rope.

A constant load was applied to the rope as in Example 1. When the rope was taut under the knife, there was almost no difference in cutting resistance between the ropes. The results of the cutting damage test were as follows.

Best Format The best format of the reference embodiment of the present invention is described below.

Most cut-resistant structures, ropes, webbings or straps are made from yarns with 0.11 mm stainless steel internal strands arranged parallel to the strands of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (Spectra 1000) having the highest tensile strength. It is also believed that the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers are used as the core as a braided or strand, preferably covered by a braided jacket, wherein the strands are low tensile strength polyethylene fibers (Spectra 900). And an outer wrap of polyester fiber as described for yarn B above.

A laboratory study of 11 lines was conducted by an independent laboratory, and each line had a degree of fishbite resistance when used as a deep sea mooring line.
istance). In addition to general considerations based on line composition and structure, three laboratory experiments were used to objectively measure stab and cut resistance. The test was performed on the line under the stress relief and the working load.

Line Structure All test lines have a core of parallel synthetic fibers.
Was. Six lines had a polyester line core. 3
Line has Kevlar fiber core, one line is spect
La It had 900 lines.

The core of the line with the polyester core was wrapped with polyester cloth tape and the polyester cloth was covered with a bladed polyester cover. Rope cores from other sources had wrappings that appeared to be identical. Table 1 contains a summary of information about the test line. Sample 9 illustrates a reference embodiment of the present invention using polyurethane for the gaps. All other samples are considered to be comparative examples.

Test method Two methods of penetration resistance due to sharp tip: (1)
Use a Shore D scale of a Durometer (ASTM method # 2240), or (2) "Deep-Sea lines Fi
shbite Manual)] [Prindle and Walden (Pri
ndle & Walden) 1975], as measured by piercing with hardened steel simulated shark teeth. Each data point from the penetration test is the average of five measurements of the force required to pierce the line surface to a standard distance.

Using a Baldvin Universal tester, the force required to cut (force to c)
ut) Test "Deep sea line fish bite manual"
And performed as described and described.

Under the constraints of time and material availability, the piercing and cutting tests were repeated on a line loaded with 1125 pounds tension. The load was applied by lifting the weight with the test line. At both ends of most rope specimens, insert the end of the test line inside the hollow braided rope, and when tension is applied, the rope secures the end by friction.
er) "method. The durometer and piercing tests were performed in the usual manner, but the force required for cutting was performed with a cutting blade attached to a stirrup used to pull the blade through the test line. This method is also described in the Deep Sea Line Fish Bite Manual, which uses the lower jaw of a shark as a cutting tool.

All the cutting force data is the result of a single cutting for the display line. Testing was performed on line samples at ambient conditions of about 70 ° F and variable relative humidity.

Laboratory test results 3 both unprotected or armored
Three previously tested 13/23 "diameter polyester ropes were added as standards for reference. Among the two armors, an acetal copolymer (Celcon M25-0) was used.
4) Gives high bite resistance. When tested at sea, this has been demonstrated to protect lines well under strong biting attacks. Unfortunately, the Cercon M25-04 composition cracked during handling,
Although not a practical armor, it is useful in this case as an example of a material having the required toughness. The second reference line was protected by nylon 6/6 (Zytel ST801). This is typical of many plastic coating lines in that it has good handleability but is less bite resistant than acetal copolymers. This is considered a limit fish bite armor that represents the bottom of the range of acceptable substances. If the jacket is less piercing and cutting resistant than nylon 6/6, it is not considered a reliable barrier to fishbite damage under all circumstances.

Summarize the results of laboratory tests and, where available, collectively the fiber and plastic jacket
name) and product name are also listed in Table II. The thickness of the plastic jacket is measured on small pieces taken from the test line,
Write in parentheses after each generic name. Some data is missing, in the case of sample # 1, the obtained sample is destroyed, and # 6 is a repeat with a heavier jacket. These were not tested under tension, as the problem of finding satisfactory results on line # 10 was not resolved in time for this report.

Line evaluation Due to the variety of line structures and test methods, there are no obvious success lines in all categories. To help interpret the data, a table was created for each use experiment.

Table III describes the data obtained by the durometer, and this test does not equal any of the protective reference lines, ie, acetal copolymer (AC) or nylon (N) when tested without tension. Is evident. The best line in the test line is # 1,76m protected by 47mil ionomer
# 6 protected by the ionomer of il and # 10 protected by 114 mil polyester. The rest were below levels that seemed to require further consideration. However, some mention should be made of the sample protected by the blade. These are # 7 protected by polyolefin and aluminum blades, # 8 protected by Kevlar blades, and # 9 protected by polyurethane and metal blades. All three of these were low ranks in the durometer test, presumably because the conical tip of the durometer slipped between the strands of the blade. The last rank in this test, # 8, was the first rank in cut resistance. Thus, while the durometer test is a useful measure of the toughness of homogeneous plastic armor, it does not appear to represent an entire story when used on objects with discontinuous coatings.

In all cases where the line was tested under slack and again under stress, the durometer readings were the same, within the error of the experiment, or increased when the line was under tension.

Piercing Test The single tooth piercing test is similar to the durometer test in that the tip is pressed into the line, but in this case there is the additional possibility of cutting due to the edges of the teeth. Table IV shows the relative resistance of the lines under this test.

When the line was tested under stress relief, the acetal copolymer (AC) again had the maximum resistance and required 63 pounds to pierce. 2nd place was # 10 protected with 114 mil polyester. It had 70% of the resistance of the acetal copolymer reference line and was superior to the nylon 6/6 (N) reference standard. The next rank was # 9 items protected by polyurethane and blades. The next few spots were items # 1,5,6 and 7 which had only 71% of the marginally acceptable piercing resistance of the nylon 6/6 coated line.

The tension caused a significant change in the rating. The # 1 spot became item # 9 (urethane / blade armor), which rose from 35 pounds resistant to 58 pounds. Under tension, this was substantially equal to the acetal copolymer under stress relief conditions. By tension, there were three lines that competed closely for the second place at the level of about 38 pounds, which was the same as the acetal copolymer reference line and better than the 31 pound nylon 6/6 protection line. All three types of blade coating lines showed increased stab resistance when subjected to tension loading.

Cutting force In the cutting force test, unlike the other tests, the cutting edge can be advanced only when the armor and fiber are cut. The test results shown in Table V are quite different.

Four of the test lines were more cutting resistant than the two reference lines under both stress relief and stress conditions.

With two significant exceptions to items # 8 and 9, all lines lost cut resistance when tested under tension. When tested under stress relief, the five lines comparable to the Nylon 6/6 reference dropped to low levels to exclude them from further consideration.

Choosing a line for testing at sea Choosing a line for testing at sea is complicated by variables in line material and construction. There are generally three types of structures, as follows: 1. Rope protected by a layer of plastic only 2. Rope covered by blade only 3. About jacketed rope line by combination of blade and plastic Table III, I along with the information available
Considering the test data shown in Table V and Table V, each category has at least one rope worthy of further study.
Indicates that the type exists.

Listing the lines in their overall puncture and cut resistance order, the five best lines are as follows: Sample 10 ... 114 mil polyester [Hytrell
el)] protected by a 5/8 ″ diameter Kevlar rope.
This line is thick and very rigid. This line could only be handled by heavy machinery. Although the method of stopping this line could not be completed in time for this report, the results on the stress relief line indicate that this line is worth considering for future testing.

 Sample 9: Polyurethane plastic on Spectra fiber
S coated with metal core yarn braided jacket
Pectra 1/4 ″ diameter rope of 900 fibers.
It is flexible and has good handling properties. This line
Are vulnerable to piercing under stress relief, but
Obtains resistance under application load. This line is cut resistant
Better than the acetal copolymer reference line
I have. If this line is unsuitable for testing at sea
To complete the information needed to make recommendations
Needs 15 information on susceptibility to degradation in seawater
It is.

Sample 7-5/16 "diameter Kevlar rope with polyolefin and aluminum braid armor. The armor in this line consists of 35 mil polyolefin on Kevlar fiber + aluminum braid layer + 41 mil polyolefin, which is better than some other lines Despite being only slightly stiff, the handleability was good and the durometer test was less than 6/6 for nylon.
The piercing test on the stress relief rope was less than 6/6 nylon, but when applied to the line, it became very resistant to piercing and was almost equal to the acetal polymer. In the cutting test, it was ranked third under stress relief, but under stress it was better than both reference lines.
This is a good line and worth testing at sea.

Sample 6: 76 mil ionomer [Surly
n)] 1/2 "diameter polyester fiber with jacket (Syn Core). This line had good handling properties, but overall this line was a nylon 6/6 reference line in three tests. The evaluation was a little lower than that.
This line was considered interesting for sea trials as the line with the least resistance for the function of fish bite protection.

Sample 8-5/8 "diameter kevlar with a coarse kevlar braided jacket. This line was the lowest in penetration resistance, especially under stress relief, but the first in cut resistance. Under load, this line became so cut-resistant that the steel blade was broken before the line suffered any significant damage. Is instructed.

Overall, the result is that the blade has interesting properties in cutting resistance, but is more likely to be penetrated by a sharp tip, especially when the line is under stress relief. On the other hand,
Plastic armor loses cut resistance under tension. The combination of both should be studied to produce a line with effective bite resistance under all conditions.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification symbol FI D04B 1/14 D04B 1/14 1/16 1/16 1/28 1/28 D07B 1/02 D07B 1/02 (72) Invention Dunbar, James Jai 2311, Mechanicsville, Virginia, USA 6601 (72) Inventor Bourne, Mark Benjamin, 23227, Virginia, USA 23227, Richmond, Windsor Avenue 1211 (72) Inventor, Webber, Charles Paul Jr., Martha Drive, Monroe, North Carolina, USA 1110, 1104 (72) Inventor Winklehofer, Robert Charles 23234, Virginia, United States, Richmond, Storr Way drive 4753 (56) Reference Patent Sho 62-299590 (JP, A)

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for producing a cut-resistant fabric, comprising: combining a plurality of different non-metallic fibers to form a yarn, wherein at least one of the non-metallic fibers is flexible and inherently flexible. A cut-resistant fiber, wherein at least one other of the non-metallic fibers is a fiber having a high level of hardness on the Mohs hardness scale of greater than about 3, and is selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramic, carbon and mixtures thereof. A fiber that is selected; and building a fabric from the yarn. 2. The fiber of claim 1 wherein said fiber is inherently cut resistant and is selected from the group consisting of high strength polyethylene, high strength polypropylene, high strength polyvinyl alcohol, aramid, high strength liquid crystalline polyester and mixtures thereof. The method of claim 1, wherein 3. A method for producing a cut-resistant fabric, comprising combining a plurality of different non-metallic fibers to form a yarn, wherein at least one of the non-metallic fibers is flexible and inherently flexible. The cut-resistant fiber, wherein at least one other of the non-metallic fibers is selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramic, carbon, and mixtures thereof having a high level of hardness on the Mohs scale of hardness greater than about 3. A multi-component fiber consisting of a soft core material coated with a material; and building a fabric from said yarn. 4. A method for producing a cut-resistant fabric, comprising combining a plurality of different non-metallic fibers to form a yarn, wherein at least one of the non-metallic fibers is flexible and inherently flexible. The cut-resistant fiber, wherein at least one other of the non-metallic fibers is selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramic, carbon, and mixtures thereof having a high level of hardness on the Mohs scale of hardness greater than about 3. A composite fiber consisting of a soft material filled with fibers; and constructing a fabric from said yarn. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fibers having a high level of hardness are coated with an elastomeric coating.