JP2943785B2 - Additives for fish farm powder feed and feed for fish farm - Google Patents

Additives for fish farm powder feed and feed for fish farm

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Publication number
JP2943785B2
JP2943785B2 JP10011455A JP1145598A JP2943785B2 JP 2943785 B2 JP2943785 B2 JP 2943785B2 JP 10011455 A JP10011455 A JP 10011455A JP 1145598 A JP1145598 A JP 1145598A JP 2943785 B2 JP2943785 B2 JP 2943785B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
feed
ascorbic acid
fish
added
phosphate
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JP10011455A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1132697A (en
Inventor
敏郎 安江
英二 小方
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Resonac Holdings Corp
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Showa Denko KK
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  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Furan Compounds (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 【0001】 【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は養殖魚類に対してア
スコルビン酸活性を有し、かつ飼料中で安定な、特に経
時的に安定なアスコルビン酸誘導体を有効成分として含
有する養魚粉末飼料用添加物及び該アスコルビン酸誘導
体を有効成分として含有する養魚用飼料に関する。 【0002】 【従来の技術】L−アスコルビン酸(ビタミンC)は養
殖魚類において欠乏または不足すると壊血病症状を呈し
死に至る等の重大な被害が発生することが知られてい
る。例えば、1962年に各地のニジマス養魚場で脊椎
のわん曲を主徴とする異常魚が多発したが研究の結果ア
スコルビン酸の不足によることが証明された(日本水産
学会第31巻第818頁〜826頁)。さらに昭和42
年日本水産学会年会でニジマス、ヒメマスおよびシロザ
ケ稚魚のアスコルビン酸欠乏による変形症の報告があ
る。また、アユでは食欲不振、軽度の眼球突出、ヒレ基
部の出血、えらぶた、下顎部の損傷などの欠乏症、ハマ
チ稚魚では接餌量減少、成長停止、脊椎わん曲、体色異
変、高へい死率などの欠乏症、ウナギでは食欲低下、成
長停滞のほかヒレ、頭部の出血などがおこる。さらにま
た、ニジマス、ヒメマス、シロザケ、ギンザケ、アユ、
アマゴ、ヤマメ、ハマチ、タイ、コイ、ウナギなどの養
殖に供される魚類は飼育中のストレスなどで天然魚に比
較してアスコルビン酸要求量が高く飼料中のアスコルビ
ン酸が不可欠である。 【0003】従って、養魚飼料にはアスコルビン酸を含
むビタミン類が添加され、給餌されている。ところが、
アスコルビン酸は水溶性ビタミンの中でも特に不安定な
ものであるため、飼料中に添加した場合に分解が起こ
る。就中、蛋白源である魚粉中では特に不安定であり、
ニジマス用飼料のように魚粉が半ば以上を占めるような
配合のものでは分解によるビタミンCの力価の低下の問
題は非常に大きい。即ち、L−アスコルビン酸は分解さ
れやすく養魚飼料に添加しても速やかに失活し、その効
果を持続させることはできない。 【0004】 【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明が解決しようと
する課題はアスコルビン酸誘導体類を加熱成型機などを
用いた養魚用飼料の製造工程でも分解されずに安定に保
つことができ、長期にわたる飼料の保存に対しても安定
であり、かつ広範な水産魚類に対してアスコルビン酸活
性を十分に発現でき得る養魚粉末飼料用添加物及び養魚
用飼料を提供することにある。 【0005】 【課題を解決するための手段】上記の事情に鑑み、本発
明者らは、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、L−アスコルビン酸
−2−リン酸エステルの塩類を養魚飼料中に添加した場
合に、極めて安定、特に長期間にわたってアスコルビン
酸の力価の低下がほとんどないことを見出し、L−アス
コルビン酸−2−リン酸エステルの塩類を添加した養魚
飼料で各魚種を飼育したところ、アスコルビン酸欠乏に
よる脊椎わん曲、眼球突出などの壊血病症状を防止し、
へい死率を極端に低下させ、平均体重を増加させるなど
の好結果をもたらすことを見出し本発明を完成した。 【0006】即ち、本発明は以下に示す養魚粉末飼料用
添加物及び養魚用飼料からなる。 有効成分としてL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エ
ステルの塩類を含有することを特徴とするアスコルビン
酸活性を有する養魚粉末飼料用添加物。 有効成分としてL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エ
ステルの塩類を含有することを特徴とするアスコルビン
酸活性を有する養魚用飼料。 飼料が粉末飼料である上記記載の養魚用飼料。 【0007】 【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明を詳しく説明する。
本発明で使用されるL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エ
ステルの塩類はL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エステ
ルと塩を形成するものものであれば良いが、ナトリウ
ム、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウムの塩が適当で
ある。アスコルビン酸要求量は魚種や育成段階により異
なる。ニジマス、アマゴ、アユ、アマダイ、ハマチなど
はアスコルビン酸欠乏症による変形魚が発生する場合が
多い。また、ビタミン類は摂取したタンパク質を始めと
する各種栄養素の正常な代謝に必要であり、一般に代謝
の盛んな若齢期にその要求性が高いが、アスコルビン酸
は仔稚魚期における骨格形成に必要な結晶組織コラーゲ
ンの生合成にとって必須である。さらに、ふ化後からア
スコルビン酸を含む飼料を摂取するまでの間は産卵前の
卵のアスコルビン酸含有量がふ化した仔魚の正常な骨格
形成因子となるため、仔稚魚用飼料、親魚用飼料ともに
アスコルビン酸の重要性が強調される。 【0008】本発明のL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸
エステルの塩類は、例えばニジマス稚魚の場合には飼料
1kgあたり2ミリモル以上添加されればコラーゲンの
代謝異常に基づく変形魚の発生を予防することができ、
負傷、細菌感染にも充分対応できるようになる。L−ア
スコルビン酸−2−リン酸エステルの塩類はいずれも魚
体内の酵素によりL−アスコルビン酸となり、アスコル
ビン酸活性を発揮する。本発明において、L−アスコル
ビン酸−2−リン酸エステルの塩類の使用量、添加量
は、一概には規定し難いが、対象とする養殖魚の種類、
使用目的、添加混合されるべき飼料成分、組成その他の
要因により決定される。本発明の飼料の対象となる魚種
は、ニジマス、ヒメマス、シロザケ、ギンザケ、アユ、
アマゴ、ヤマメ、ハマチ、タイ、コイ、ウナギ、フグ、
ヒラメ、テラピヤ、アジ、シマアジ、マグロ、カツオ、
フナが適当である。 【0009】本発明の養魚粉末飼料用添加物にはL−ア
スコルビン酸−2−リン酸エステルの塩類を単独で粉末
飼料に添加する場合の外、同塩類に一般に飼料に添加さ
れているビタミンC以外の他のビタミン混合物やミネラ
ル等の少量の添加物成分を混合したいわゆるプレミック
スの形で粉末飼料に添加するものが含まれる。一般に飼
料用添加物を飼料に添加した飼料形態は大別して粉末飼
料と固形飼料である(新水産学全集14魚類の栄養と飼
料 荻野珍吉編 恒生社 厚生閣版昭和55年11月1
5日発行 292頁)。そして粉末飼料の使用形態はね
り餌、固形飼料の使用形態はペレットである。これらの
中でモイストペレットは団塊状をなしているが、軟らか
く固形でないので粉末飼料に分類するのが普通である
(水産学シリーズ54 養魚飼料 基礎と応用 米 康
男編 1985.4 恒生社 厚生閣版発行 111
頁)。 【0010】本発明において上記添加物が添加される粉
末飼料には上記のねり餌の外、モイストペレットも含ま
れる。これらの飼料中でアスコルビン酸活性は長期間に
わたって持続される。本発明の養魚用飼料は有効成分と
してL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エステルを含有
し、アスコルビン酸活性を有するもので、その飼料形態
としては上記の固形飼料、粉末飼料であり、その使用形
態はペレット飼料、ねり餌及びモイストペレットであ
る。飼料成分は通常用いられている魚粉などの蛋白源、
小麦グルテン、α−デンプンなどである。 【0011】 【実施例】次に実施例を挙げて、本発明をさらに具体的
に説明するが、本発明はこれにより制限されるものでは
ない。 実施例1及び比較試験例1 白魚粉55%(重量%、以下同じ)、α−ポテトスター
チ32%、大豆油5%、マックコラム塩3%、アスコル
ビン酸を含まないビタミン混合物5%からなる飼料(基
本飼料)を調製し、ペレットにしてこれをアスコルビン
酸欠乏区飼料とした。この基本飼料成分1kgにさらに
アスコルビン酸の2ミリモルを加えて調製し、ペレット
にしたものをアスコルビン酸添加区飼料、また基本飼料
成分1kgに本発明化合物中のL−アスコルビン酸−2
−リン酸エステルのマグネシウム塩の2ミリモルを加え
て調製し、ペレットにしたものを本発明化合物添加区飼
料とした。但し、ビタミン混合物5gには塩酸チアミン
6mg、リボフラビン20mg、塩酸ピリドキシン4m
g、ビタミンB120.009mg、ニコチン酸80m
g、塩化クロリン800mg、イノシトール400m
g、パントテン酸カルシウム28mg、ビオチン0.6
mg、葉酸1.5mg、α−トコフェノール40mg、
メマデイオン4mg、カルシフェロール0.05mg、
酢酸レチネン20mg、セルローズ3596mgを含
む。 【0012】以上のペレット飼料をニジマスの浮上稚魚
に飽食量を給餌し、100日間飼育した。各試験区あた
り200尾を飼育し、給餌回数は給餌開始の0〜80日
後が1日6回、81〜100日後が1日4回とした。飼
料は給餌開始の50日前に調製したものを使用した。経
時的に各区のニジマス稚魚の平均体重を調査した。ま
た、各区の生存尾数、変形尾数を経時的に調査し、表1
に示した。その結果、平均体重に区間の差はほとんどな
かった。しかし、アスコルビン酸欠乏区と比べ、アスコ
ルビン酸類添加区では変形魚の出現数、死亡率が低下
し、特にL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エステルのマ
グネシウム塩を添加した区では変形尾数の出現を完全に
抑えた。 【0013】 【表1】 【0014】実施例2 白魚粉55%、α−ポテトスターチ32%、大豆油5
%、マックコラム塩3%、アスコルビン酸を含まないビ
タミン混合物5%からなる基本組成物を調製し、これを
アスコルビン酸欠乏飼料とした。この基本組成物1kg
に対しさらにアスコルビン酸の1ミリモルを加えて調製
したものをアスコルビン酸添加区飼料、また基本組成物
1kgに対し本発明の化合物中のL−アスコルビン酸−
2−リン酸エステルマグネシウム塩1ミリモルを加えて
調製したものを本発明化合物添加区飼料とした。但し、
ビタミン混合物5gには塩酸チアミン6mg、リボフラ
ビン20mg、塩酸ピリドキシン4mg、ビタミンB12
0.009mg、ニコチン酸80mg、塩化クロリン8
00mg、イノシトール400mg、パントテン酸カル
シウム28mg、ビオチン0.6mg、葉酸1.5m
g、α−トコフェノール40mg、メマデイオン4m
g、カルシフェロール0.05mg、酢酸レチネン20
mg、残分としてセルローズ約3600mgを含む。 【0015】以上の粉末飼料を適量の水を加えてねり餌
としニジマスの稚魚に飽食量を給餌し、100日間飼育
した。各試験区あたり200尾を飼育し、給餌回数は給
餌開始の0〜80日後が1日6回、81〜100日後が
1日4回とした。飼料は給餌開始の50日前に調製した
ものを使用した。経時的に各区のニジマス稚魚の平均体
重を調査した。また、各区の生存尾数、変形尾数を経時
的に調査し、表2に示した。その結果、平均体重に区間
差はほとんどなかった。しかし、アスコルビン酸欠乏区
と比べ、アスコルビン酸類添加区では変形尾出現数、死
亡率が低下し、特にL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エ
ステルマグネシウム塩を添加した区では変形尾数の出現
を完全に抑え、生存尾数も高かった。 【0016】 【表2】 【0017】実施例3 魚粉55%、サケ白子5%、クリルS.W.5%、イカ
内蔵5%、イカ肝油5%、大豆レシチン4%、バリン
0.3%、イソロシン0.2%、コーンスターチ5%、
ミネラル混合物5%、グルテン8%、ビタミンCを除い
たビタミン混合物5.0%、ω3−HUFA1%、L−
アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エステルマグネシウム塩
0.01%及び残分に大豆粉を添加して100%としこ
の原料を粉砕後にミキサーで十分混合しカルフォルニア
ペレット ミル社製ペレットミル(内部温度70〜1
00℃)で常法により平均粒径5mmのペレットに加熱
成型し100℃で送風乾燥させた。次にこの飼料を粉砕
し稚魚用飼料とした。高速液体クロマトグラム法(HP
LC法)でL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エステルマ
グネシウム塩を測定したところ添加量の95%が残存し
ていた。 【0018】実施例4 魚粉35%、コーンミール30%、マックコラム塩3
%、ビタミン混合物5.0%、L−アスコルビン酸−2
−リン酸エステルマグネシウム塩0.01%及び残分に
大豆粉を添加して100%としこの原料を粉砕後にミキ
サーで十分混合した後ウエンガー社製エクストルーダー
ペレットミルによりクッカー水分含量28%に調湿し蒸
煮しエクストルーション成型した。この成型物を2段式
バンドドライヤーにより温度120〜170℃で乾燥さ
せ平均粒径100mmの水産用魚用エキスパンションペ
レット飼料を製造した。高速液体クロマトグラム法でL
−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エステルマグネシウム塩
を測定したところ添加量の96%が残存していた。 【0019】比較試験例2 表3に示すL−アスコルビン酸誘導体類0.1ミリモル
をそれぞれ実施例3のL−アスコルビン酸−2リン酸エ
ステルマグネシウム塩のみを除いた同じ組成の飼料に同
じ製造方法で成型した後粉砕し製造直後の飼料中のL−
アスコルビン酸誘導体類の残存率を測定した。次に室温
で2週間放置し同様に飼料中のL−アスコルビン酸誘導
体類の残存率を測定し、この飼料を平均体重2.6gの
ハマチ(モジャコ)に投与し3カ月間にわたって飼養試
験を実施し試験終了時にハマチの増重率、生残率、肝臓
中のアスコルビン酸濃度を測定し、総合評価としてアス
コルビン酸誘導体類を添加した飼料のハマチに対する有
効性を調べた。 【0020】 【表3】【0021】比較試験例3 本発明のL−アスコルビン酸−2リン酸エステルの塩類
の養魚類に対するアスコルビン酸への酵素的変換活性を
確認するため表4の魚類について以下の実験を行い活性
の存在することを確認した。養殖魚類の肝臓と腸を新鮮
な状態で摘出し臓器重量を測定し、50倍の冷水を加え
て冷温下でホモジナイズし上澄液を取り1:1で混合し
これを酵素液とした。次に0.05%重量のL−アスコ
ルビン酸誘導体類を含むpH5.0、pH7.0及びp
H9.0のバッファー溶液8mlの入った試料瓶を35
℃に保ち、酵素液2mlを添加して35℃の水浴中で1
時間放置した後、異なるpHで反応させた酵素液を1:
1:1で混合し酵素反応を止める。解凍直後、2%メタ
リン酸溶液を加えて50mlとした後、2%メタリン酸
で更に50倍に希釈し、その20μlをHPLC分析し
残存しているL−アスコルビン酸エステル類の濃度を求
め反応前の濃度に対する加水分解率を求めた。その結果
50%以上の高い加水分解活性が認められたものについ
ては○を記入し、50%以下のものについては×を記入
した。その結果全てのL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸
エステルの塩類に、試験した全ての魚類の酵素液に対し
て50%以上の高い加水分解活性が確認された。 【0022】 【表4】 【0023】 【発明の効果】L−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エステ
ルの塩類は養魚飼料に添加し飼料製剤化することがで
き、長期間の保存に対して安定で広範囲の養殖魚類にお
いてアスコルビン酸活性を発揮することができる。そし
て、本発明の養魚飼料用添加物及び養魚飼料の使用によ
り養殖魚類の成長率の向上、へい死率の低下、品質の向
上などの効果をあげることができる。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ascorbic acid derivative which has ascorbic acid activity against cultured fish and which is stable in feed, especially stable over time. The present invention relates to an additive for powdered fish farming containing as an ingredient and a feed for fish farming containing the ascorbic acid derivative as an active ingredient. [0002] It is known that L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) causes serious damage such as scurvy symptoms and death when cultured fish are deficient or deficient. For example, in 1962, rainbow trout fish farms in various places caused a large number of abnormal fish characterized by the curvature of the spine, but as a result of research, it was proved that this was due to a lack of ascorbic acid (Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, Vol. 31, p. 818- 826). Showa 42
At the Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Fisheries, there was a report of ascorbic acid deficiency in juvenile rainbow trout, squid and chum salmon. In addition, deficiencies such as anorexia, mild protrusion of the eyeball, fin base bleeding, gills, and lower jaw damage in ayu, and reduced feeding, growth arrest, vertebral curvature, abnormal body color, and high mortality in juvenile yellowtail Deficiency, eel, decreased appetite, stagnant growth, fins, and head bleeding. In addition, rainbow trout, hime trout, white salmon, coho salmon, ayu,
Fish used for cultivation such as amago, yamame, hamachi, Thailand, carp, and eel require higher ascorbic acid compared to natural fish due to stress during breeding, and ascorbic acid in feed is indispensable. [0003] Accordingly, vitamins including ascorbic acid are added to fish feed for feeding. However,
Ascorbic acid is particularly unstable among water-soluble vitamins, and therefore decomposes when added to feed. It is especially unstable in fish meal, which is a protein source,
In a composition such as a rainbow trout feed in which fish meal occupies more than half, the problem of a decrease in the titer of vitamin C due to decomposition is very large. That is, L-ascorbic acid is easily decomposed and is quickly deactivated even when added to fish feed, and its effect cannot be maintained. [0004] The problem to be solved by the present invention is that ascorbic acid derivatives can be stably maintained without being decomposed even in the process of producing feed for fish farming using a heat molding machine or the like. Another object of the present invention is to provide an additive for a fish-powder powder feed and a fish-feed that is stable even for long-term storage of the feed and that can sufficiently exhibit ascorbic acid activity for a wide range of aquatic fish. [0005] In view of the above circumstances, the present inventors have made intensive studies and as a result, added salts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate to fish feed. In that case, it was found that the stability of the ascorbic acid was very low, especially over a long period of time, and that each fish species was bred with a fish feed to which L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate salts were added. Prevents scurvy symptoms such as spinal curvature and bulging eyes due to ascorbic acid deficiency,
The present invention has been found to produce favorable results such as extremely lowering mortality and increasing average weight, and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention comprises the following additives for a powdered fish feed and a feed for fish culture. An additive for a powdered fish feed having ascorbic acid activity, comprising a salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate as an active ingredient. A feed for fish farming having ascorbic acid activity, characterized by containing a salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate as an active ingredient. The feed for fish farming as described above, wherein the feed is a powdered feed. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The salts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate used in the present invention may be those which form salts with L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, and sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium salts may be used. Salt is suitable. Ascorbic acid requirements vary by fish species and breeding stage. Rainbow trout, amago, sweetfish, red sea bream, yellowtail and the like often have deformed fish due to ascorbic acid deficiency. In addition, vitamins are required for the normal metabolism of various nutrients including ingested proteins, and are generally required at a young age when metabolism is active, while ascorbic acid is required for skeletal formation in the larval and juvenile stages. Indispensable for the biosynthesis of a fine crystalline collagen. In addition, ascorbic acid content of eggs before laying eggs becomes a normal skeleton-forming factor in hatched larvae from hatching until consumption of ascorbic acid-containing feed. The importance of acids is emphasized. The salt of the L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester of the present invention, for example, in the case of rainbow trout juveniles, prevents the occurrence of deformed fish based on collagen metabolism abnormality if added in an amount of 2 mmol or more per kg of feed. Can be
It will be able to cope with injury and bacterial infection. All salts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate are converted into L-ascorbic acid by an enzyme in the fish body and exhibit ascorbic acid activity. In the present invention, the amount of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate salt used and the amount of the salt added are generally difficult to define, but the type of the target cultured fish,
It is determined by the purpose of use, the feed components to be added and mixed, the composition and other factors. Fish species that are the object of the feed of the present invention are rainbow trout, hime trout, chum salmon, coho salmon, sweetfish,
Amago, yamame, hamachi, Thailand, carp, eel, puffer fish,
Flounder, terapia, horse mackerel, horse mackerel, tuna, bonito,
Crucian carp is appropriate. [0009] In addition to the salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester added alone to the powdered feed, the additive for the powdered fish feed of the present invention contains vitamin C which is generally added to the feed. In addition to the above, there is included those added to the powdered feed in the form of a so-called premix in which a small amount of additive components such as vitamin mixtures and minerals other than the above are mixed. In general, feed forms in which feed additives are added to feeds are roughly classified into powder feeds and solid feeds (nutrition and feed for 14 fishes in the new fisheries science ed.
Issued 5th, 292 pages). The use form of powder feed is batter, and the use form of solid feed is pellets. Among them, the moist pellets are in a nodular form, but are usually classified as powder feeds because they are soft and not solid (Fish Science Series 54 Fish Feed Basics and Applications Yasuo Yone ed. Issue 111
page). [0010] In the present invention, the powdered feed to which the above-mentioned additives are added includes not only the above-mentioned batter but also moist pellets. Ascorbic acid activity in these feeds is sustained for a long period of time. The feed for fish farming of the present invention contains L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate as an active ingredient and has ascorbic acid activity, and the feed form is the solid feed or powdered feed described above. Are pellet feed, batter and moist pellets. Feed components are commonly used protein sources such as fish meal,
Wheat gluten, α-starch and the like. The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, which should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Example 1 and Comparative Test Example 1 Feed consisting of 55% white fish meal (% by weight, the same applies hereinafter), α-potato starch 32%, soybean oil 5%, Maccolumn salt 3%, ascorbic acid-free vitamin mixture 5% (Basic feed) was prepared, pelletized, and used as ascorbic acid deficient feed. 2 kg of ascorbic acid was further added to 1 kg of the basic feed component to prepare a pellet, and the pellet was added to the ascorbic acid-added group feed, or 1 kg of the basic feed component to L-ascorbic acid-2 in the compound of the present invention.
-A mixture prepared by adding 2 mmol of a magnesium salt of a phosphoric acid ester and formed into a pellet was used as a feed to which the compound of the present invention was added. However, 5 mg of the vitamin mixture contains 6 mg of thiamine hydrochloride, 20 mg of riboflavin, and 4 m of pyridoxine hydrochloride.
g, vitamin B 12 0.009mg, nicotinic acid 80m
g, chlorin chloride 800mg, inositol 400m
g, calcium pantothenate 28 mg, biotin 0.6
mg, folic acid 1.5 mg, α-tocophenol 40 mg,
Memadeion 4 mg, calciferol 0.05 mg,
Contains 20 mg of retinene acetate and 3596 mg of cellulose. The above-mentioned pellet feed was fed to rainbow trout floating fry with a satiety amount and bred for 100 days. 200 fish were bred for each test plot, and the feeding frequency was 6 times a day from 0 to 80 days after the start of feeding, and 4 times a day from 81 to 100 days. The feed used was prepared 50 days before the start of feeding. The average body weight of rainbow trout fry in each section was investigated over time. In addition, the number of surviving tails and deformed tails in each section were investigated over time, and
It was shown to. As a result, there was almost no difference in average weight between sections. However, as compared with the ascorbic acid-deficient group, the number of deformed fish appeared and the mortality rate decreased in the group to which ascorbic acid was added, and in particular, the group in which the magnesium salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate was added completely reduced the number of deformed fish. Was suppressed. [Table 1] Example 2 55% white fish meal, 32% α-potato starch, 5 soybean oil
%, 3% of MacColumn salt, and 5% of a vitamin mixture containing no ascorbic acid were prepared and used as ascorbic acid-deficient feed. 1kg of this basic composition
To the ascorbic acid-added feed, and 1 kg of the basic composition, L-ascorbic acid in the compound of the present invention.
What was prepared by adding 1 mmol of 2-phosphate magnesium salt was used as the feed of the present invention. However,
5 mg of the vitamin mixture contains 6 mg of thiamine hydrochloride, 20 mg of riboflavin, 4 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, and vitamin B 12
0.009 mg, nicotinic acid 80 mg, chlorin chloride 8
00 mg, inositol 400 mg, calcium pantothenate 28 mg, biotin 0.6 mg, folic acid 1.5 m
g, α-tocophenol 40 mg, memadeion 4 m
g, calciferol 0.05 mg, retinene acetate 20
mg, the balance containing about 3600 mg of cellulose. The above powdered feed was added to an appropriate amount of water and used as a batter for feeding satin trout to rainbow trout fry and bred for 100 days. 200 fish were bred for each test plot, and the feeding frequency was 6 times a day from 0 to 80 days after the start of feeding, and 4 times a day from 81 to 100 days. The feed used was prepared 50 days before the start of feeding. The average body weight of rainbow trout fry in each section was investigated over time. In addition, the number of surviving tails and the number of deformed tails in each section were investigated with time, and are shown in Table 2. As a result, there was almost no interval difference in the average body weight. However, as compared with the ascorbic acid-deficient group, the number of deformed tails appeared and the mortality rate decreased in the ascorbic acid-added group, and the number of deformed tails completely disappeared especially in the group to which L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate magnesium salt was added. The number of surviving tails was high. [Table 2] Example 3 55% fish meal, 5% salmon milt, Krill S. W. 5%, built-in squid 5%, squid liver oil 5%, soy lecithin 4%, valine 0.3%, isorosine 0.2%, corn starch 5%,
Mineral mixture 5%, Gluten 8%, Vitamin mixture excluding vitamin C 5.0%, ω3-HUFA 1%, L-
The ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester magnesium salt 0.01% and soybean powder were added to the residue to make 100%, and the raw materials were pulverized and thoroughly mixed with a mixer. A pellet mill manufactured by California Pellet Mill Co., Ltd. (internal temperature 70 to 1)
(00 ° C.) by a conventional method to form a pellet having an average particle size of 5 mm, and then blow-dry at 100 ° C. Next, the feed was crushed to prepare a fry feed. High Performance Liquid Chromatogram Method (HP
When L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate magnesium salt was measured by LC method), 95% of the added amount remained. Example 4 Fish meal 35%, corn meal 30%, Mac column salt 3
%, Vitamin mixture 5.0%, L-ascorbic acid-2
-Phosphate ester magnesium salt 0.01% and soybean powder added to the residue to make up to 100%, pulverized this raw material, mixed well with a mixer, and humidified to a cooker moisture content of 28% with an extruder pellet mill manufactured by Wenger. It was steamed and extruded. The molded product was dried at a temperature of 120 to 170 ° C. using a two-stage band dryer to produce an expansion pellet feed for fish for fishery having an average particle size of 100 mm. L by high performance liquid chromatogram method
When the ascorbic acid-2-phosphate magnesium salt was measured, 96% of the added amount remained. Comparative Test Example 2 The same manufacturing method was applied to a feed having the same composition except that 0.1 mmol of L-ascorbic acid derivatives shown in Table 3 were used except that only the magnesium salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate in Example 3 was used. L- in feed immediately after production
The residual ratio of ascorbic acid derivatives was measured. Next, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 weeks, the residual ratio of L-ascorbic acid derivatives in the feed was measured in the same manner, and this feed was administered to hamachi (Mojaco) having an average body weight of 2.6 g, and a feeding test was conducted for 3 months. At the end of the test, the weight gain, survival rate, and ascorbic acid concentration in the liver of the yellowtail were measured, and as a comprehensive evaluation, the effectiveness of the diet to which the ascorbic acid derivatives were added for the yellowtail was examined. [Table 3] Comparative Test Example 3 In order to confirm the enzymatic conversion activity of the salts of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate ester of the present invention into ascorbic acid for fish farming, the following experiments were carried out on the fish in Table 4 to determine the activity. Make sure you do. The liver and intestine of the cultured fish were excised in a fresh state, the organ weight was measured, 50-fold cold water was added, homogenized under cold temperature, and the supernatant was collected and mixed 1: 1 to obtain an enzyme solution. Then pH 5.0, pH 7.0 and 0.05 p containing 0.05% by weight of L-ascorbic acid derivatives
A sample bottle containing 8 ml of a buffer solution of
C., and add 2 ml of the enzyme solution and place in a water bath at 35.degree.
After standing for a period of time, the enzyme solutions reacted at different
Mix 1: 1 to stop enzyme reaction. Immediately after thawing, add a 2% metaphosphoric acid solution to make up to 50 ml, dilute further 50-fold with 2% metaphosphoric acid, analyze 20 μl by HPLC to determine the concentration of the remaining L-ascorbic acid esters, and perform the reaction. The hydrolysis rate with respect to the concentration of was determined. As a result, those having a high hydrolysis activity of 50% or more were marked with ○, and those with 50% or less were marked with X. As a result, it was confirmed that all the salts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate had a high hydrolysis activity of 50% or more with respect to the enzyme solutions of all the tested fish. [Table 4] EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Salts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate can be added to fish feed and formulated into feed, and stable for a long period of storage, and can be used in a wide range of cultured fish. It can exert its activity. The use of the fish feed additive and the fish feed of the present invention can improve the growth rate, lower the mortality and improve the quality of the cultured fish.

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 1.有効成分としてL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エ
ステルの塩類を含有することを特徴とするアスコルビン
酸活性を有する養魚粉末飼料用添加物。 2.有効成分としてL−アスコルビン酸−2−リン酸エ
ステルの塩類を含有することを特徴とするアスコルビン
酸活性を有する養魚用飼料。 3.飼料が粉末飼料である請求項2記載の養魚用飼料。
(57) [Claims] An additive for a powdered fish feed having ascorbic acid activity, comprising a salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate as an active ingredient. 2. A feed for fish farming having ascorbic acid activity, characterized by containing a salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate as an active ingredient. 3. The feed for fish farming according to claim 2, wherein the feed is a powdered feed.
JP10011455A 1998-01-23 1998-01-23 Additives for fish farm powder feed and feed for fish farm Expired - Lifetime JP2943785B2 (en)

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FR2793114B1 (en) * 1999-04-21 2002-11-29 Agronomique Inst Nat Rech COMPLETE FEED FOR FISH LARVAE AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME
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