JP2938841B2 - Cutter bit and cutter device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutter bit provided on a cutter head which can be rotated forward and backward, and to a cutter device having a plurality of such cutter bits mounted thereon.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As described in, for example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. 62-190789, a cutter head disposed in front of a tunnel excavator is generally provided with a large number of cutter bits. The face is excavated by performing circular motion with the cutter head.

FIG. 7 illustrates a conventional cutter bit. In FIGS. 7A and 7B, (a) and (b) show examples of the cutter bit 51 in which the cutter head performs a rotational movement in one direction (arrow A direction), and (c) and (d) show two directions (arrow A). , B direction). As is apparent from these figures, in the conventional cutter bits 51 and 52, the chips 53 and 54 are mounted on the front part in the direction of movement of the cutter head, and excavation is performed only in the forward direction of the chip mounting part. It is configured as follows.

On the other hand, in the above-mentioned cutter head, when excavating the ground at the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head, an extra-drilling cutter that can radially protrude from the outer periphery of the cutter head by operating a hydraulic jack. Is used. As shown in FIG. 8, the conventional over-cut cutter 61 is
In general, the cutter bit 61 has a shape in which a cutter bit 62 is attached from the top to the front of the tip.

[0005]

However, since the cutter bit shape as shown in FIG. 7 described above has a shape in which the machinability in one direction is enhanced, it is difficult to excavate a tunnel having a circular cross section. Although it does not cause any particular trouble,
When using this overbiting device equipped with a cutter bit for excavation of tunnels with irregular cross-sections such as rectangular cross-sections, for example, when excavating a rectangular corner portion, when rotating or rocking the cutter head to expand and contract the over-excavation device, There is a problem that the machinability is significantly reduced. Similarly, in the arrangement of the cutter bits as shown in FIG. 8, there is a problem that the excavation of the tunnel having the irregular cross-section as described above always results in an unexcavated portion, resulting in poor excavation efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve such a problem. First, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cutter bit which does not reduce the cutting property even when excavating a tunnel having an irregular cross section. Is what you do. A second object of the present invention is to provide a cutter device that does not leave uncut portions even when excavating a tunnel having an irregular cross section.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned first object, a cutter bit according to the first invention is provided on a cutter head capable of rotating forward and backward, and
In a cutter bit including a base material and a chip mounted on the base material, a substantially pyramid-shaped chip is mounted on a front end surface of the base material.

According to the first aspect, even when the cutter bit is used under excavation conditions in which the excavation direction of the cutting face changes with time, the shape of the tip is substantially pyramidal and the ridge line is formed. Since the cutter head is arranged radially from the front end portion, it is possible to always excavate the face under the same conditions regardless of which part of the cutter head hits the face. In other words, by using this cutter bit, it is possible to adapt to excavation in all directions. Therefore, when the cutter bit is attached to an over-sinking device, and the over-sinking device is used for excavation of a rectangular corner portion in excavation of, for example, a rectangular cross-section tunnel, that is, the over-sinking device is mounted while performing circular motion of the cutter head. Even in the case of excavation in which the telescopic operation is performed in the radial direction, excavation can be efficiently performed without lowering the machinability. Thus, it becomes possible to excavate a tunnel having an arbitrary cross-sectional shape.

In the present invention, as another aspect of the shape of the tip, a substantially pyramid-shaped first tip disposed on the distal end side and a plurality of rod-shaped second tips disposed on the proximal end side are provided. And a shape in which the second chips are radially arranged with respect to the tip of the first chip. According to the tip having such a shape, the first tip on the distal end side is entirely penetrated into the face, the face is rubbed by the pyramidal ridge line, and cutting is performed, and the second tip on the proximal end side is cut. As a result, the excavated earth and sand is discharged from the passage formed between the second chips while the face is being scraped off. In this way, each chip plays a role and smooth excavation is performed as a whole. Also,
The flowability of excavated earth and sand can be further improved as compared with the above-mentioned embodiment composed of only substantially pyramid-shaped chips.
It should be noted that which tip shape of each of these aspects is used depends on the soil condition.

Next, in order to achieve the second object, the cutter device according to the second invention is equipped with a plurality of cutter bits according to the first invention, and is used at least for overdigging. The cutter bits are arranged so that even if the cutter bits are excavated in any direction, no remaining portion is formed between the excavation trajectories of the cutter bits.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the plurality of cutter bits are arranged so that no remaining portion is formed between the excavation trajectories, the circular motion of the cutter head during the excavation of the tunnel having the irregular cross section as described above. Even if excavation is performed in such a manner that the surplus excavator is operated to expand and contract in the radial direction while performing the excavation, no excavation remains regardless of the moving direction of the cutter bit, and the excavation efficiency can be improved.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, specific embodiments of a cutter bit and a cutter device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of a cutter head in a tunnel excavator according to one embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, only the right half of the cutter head is shown in a front view, and the left half which is symmetrical with the right half is not shown.

In the tunnel excavator 1 of this embodiment,
A skin plate 2 having a substantially rectangular cross section is provided, and a cutter head 3 swingable by a swing drive mechanism (not shown) is disposed in front of the skin plate 2. Excavation of a rectangular section tunnel is performed by dynamic motion.

Each cutter head has four spokes 4,
5, 6, 7 are arranged so that the angle between the spokes adjacent to each other is a right angle, and the length of the inner spoke (spoke on the side of the adjacent cutter head) 7 is the other 3
The lengths of the spokes 4, 5, 6 are shorter than the lengths of the spokes 7, and the spokes 7 having the shorter lengths are arranged so as not to interfere with each other. Except for the short spokes 7, the other three spokes 4, 5, and 6 have built-in overcutter devices (excavation devices) 8, and are provided at the tips of the overcutter devices 8. The cutter 9 protrudes outward from the tips of the spokes 4, 5, and 6, so that the ground at the outer peripheral portion can be excavated.

The overcutter device 8 includes a cylinder 10 which is slid along the inner peripheral surfaces of the spokes 4, 5, and 6.
And a telescopic jack 12 disposed in a cylinder chamber 11 of the cylinder 10. The overcutter 9, which is locked to the rod end when the telescopic jack 12 is extended, has spokes 4 and 5 together with the cylinder 10. , 6 protrude outward.

In the present embodiment, when the two cutter heads 3 perform oscillating motion and excavate the corner vicinity regions P and Q which are regions outside the oscillating radii of the spokes 4, 5 and 6, The overcut 9 is excavated so as to protrude outward from the tips of the spokes 4, 5, 6 so as to follow the shape of the front end face of the skin plate 2.

Next, the detailed structure of the overcutter 9 in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 2A is a front view of the spoke 4 when the overcutter 9 is projected, and FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of only the overcutter 9 portion. In addition,
The other spokes 5 and 6 have the same basic structure as the spoke 4. As shown in the figure, a plurality of cutter bits 13 are mounted on the front surface of the spoke 4 on both sides and the center in the direction in which the cutter head 3 swings. The overcutter 9 projecting from the spokes 4 has a cylindrical shape as a whole and a top formed in a spherical shape.
A plurality of specially shaped cutter bits 14 are provided at the front part and the top part in the excavation direction.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cutter bit 14 has a base member 15 having a substantially truncated conical shape at the distal end and a substantially columnar shape at the base end, and a distal end of the base material 15. A first chip 16 having a truncated pyramid shape (a pentagonal pyramid in this embodiment) mounted on a concave portion 15a formed at the center, and a triangular prism shaped upper portion mounted on a base end side of the base material 15 And five (five in this embodiment) rod-shaped second chips 17. Here, the second chips 17 are mounted such that the ridge lines of the first chip 16 and the ridge lines of the second chip 17 are located on the same straight line.

As shown in FIG. 2, a large number of the cutter bits 14 having such a configuration are buried in the base of the over cutter 9. Consideration is given to an arrangement suitable for excavation of a rectangular section tunnel as in the present embodiment. That is, four slightly larger-diameter cutter bits 14 are arranged at a central portion along the radial direction of the cutter head 3 so as to be arranged in a vertical line, and the cutter bit 14 is adjacent to the central portion and is located on the right side in the tip direction (see FIG. In the lower row of FIG. 2, the cutter bit 1 having a slightly smaller diameter than the cutter bit 14 at the center is provided.
5 are arranged so as to be arranged vertically in a line at approximately the same pitch as the cutter bit 14 at the center thereof and about half a pitch toward the base end side, and to the left side toward the tip end (upper side in FIG. 2).
In the row, four cutter bits 14 having substantially the same diameter as the cutter bits 14 in the right-hand row are arranged at substantially the same pitch as the cutter bits 14 in the central portion, and are shifted by about 1/4 pitch to the base end side. Are arranged in a row.

With this arrangement, even if the overcutter 9 advances in any of the K, L, and M directions shown in FIG.
The excavation trajectories of No. 4 overlap with each other, and there is no leftover portion. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
When excavating a face having a rectangular cross section by allowing the over cutter 9 to enter and exit from the tips of the spokes 4, 5, and 6, a desired excavation section can be formed without forming any remaining part between the excavation trajectories by the cutter bit 14. Can be excavated. FIG. 5B illustrates an excavation locus of the cutter bit 14 during excavation of a rectangular cross section.

In the case of excavating such a rectangular cross section tunnel, if a cutter bit 14 having a special shape as in this embodiment is used, first, the first tip 16 on the distal end side is entirely removed at the time of excavation. The face is penetrated into the face, and the face is rubbed by the pyramid-shaped ridge line so that the face is rubbed and cut by the second tip 17 on the base end side, and the face is formed between the second chips 17 while being cut off. Excavated earth and sand is discharged from the passage. In this case, the cutter bit 14
Is formed in the shape of a pyramid as a whole, so that no matter where the cutter bit 14 hits the face, the face can always be excavated under the same conditions, and can be adapted to excavation in all directions. Therefore, the present invention is particularly effective when used for excavation of a tunnel having an irregular cross section such as a rectangular cross section. Excavation can be performed efficiently without lowering the machinability of the cutter bit 14.

FIG. 6 shows a modified example of the shape of the cutter bit (in the figure, parts corresponding to those of the present embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals). In this embodiment, the first chip 1
The height of the ridge line of the second chip 17 is made to protrude with respect to the height of the ridge line of FIG. 6, but as shown in FIG. You may make it match. Also, as shown in FIG. 6B, all of the first chip 16 is provided without providing the second chip.
Can also be configured. Which of these various shapes is used as the cutter bit is selected in consideration of the machinability, the circulation of earth and sand, the price, and the like according to the soil condition.

In this embodiment, the cutter bit has a pentagonal pyramid shape as a whole, but it may have another polygonal pyramid shape.

The arrangement of the cutter bits of the overcutter 9 in the present embodiment is merely an example of the arrangement in consideration of the uncut parts. Therefore, the number, size, arrangement and the like of the cutter bits in the over cutter can be changed as appropriate.

Although the present embodiment has been described by taking a rectangular section tunnel as an example, the cutter bit of the present embodiment and the cutter device equipped with the cutter bit are used for excavating various irregular-section tunnels other than the rectangular section. However, good excavation performance can be obtained.

In this embodiment, the cutter bit having the shape shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is used for the over cutter. However, such a cutter bit is used in a portion where the turning radius of the cutter head is small, In other words, it is effective to use it near the center of the cutter head. The reason is that in the vicinity of the center of the cutter head, not only the cutting force in the circumferential direction of the cutter head but also the cutting force in the radial direction are required, and the present embodiment is advantageous for excavation in all directions. This is because the example shape is optimal.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of a cutter head in a tunnel excavator according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a front view of a spoke in a state where an overcutter is projected, and FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of only an overcutter portion.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view (a) and a longitudinal sectional view (b) of the cutter bit.

FIG. 4 is a plan view (a) and a front view (b) of a cutter bit.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an excavation state of a rectangular corner region by an over cutter.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of a cutter bit.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a conventional cutter bit.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a conventional cutter for excavation.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel excavator 2 Skin plate 3 Cutter head 4,5,6,7 Spoke 8 Over cutter device (Excavation device) 9 Over cutter 10 Cylinder 12 Telescopic jack 14 Cutter bit 15 Base material 16 First chip 17 Second chip

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Katsuji Ikezoe Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo (72) Takashi Minami 3-1-1 Ueno, Hirakata-shi, Osaka (72) Inventor Hideo Kambayashi 3-1-1 Ueno, Hirakata-shi, Osaka Prefecture In-house Komatsu Ltd. Osaka Factory (72) 3-1-1 Ueno, Hirakata-shi, Osaka Komatsu Ltd. Inside the factory Osaka factory (72) Inventor Takeshi Imamura 3-1-1 Ueno, Hirakata city, Osaka prefecture Inside the Osaka factory Komatsu factory (56) References JP-A-10-2922783 (JP, A) JP-A-4-185897 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E21D 9/08

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cutter bit provided on a cutter head rotatable in forward and reverse directions and comprising a base material and a chip mounted on the base material , wherein a substantially pyramid-shaped chip is mounted on a tip end surface of the base material. A cutter bit characterized by becoming . (2)Installed on cutter head that can rotate forward and reverse
Of the base material and the chip attached to the base material
In Tabit,  The tip is a substantially pyramid-shaped first chip disposed on the tip side.
And a plurality of rod-shaped second tips disposed on the base end side.
And these second chips are the tip of the first chip.
Radially againstCharacterized by being arrangedCutter
To 3. A cutter device equipped with a plurality of cutter bits according to claim 1 or 2 and used for at least excavation. Characterized in that the cutter bits are arranged so that no remaining part is formed in the cutter.