JP3011887B2 - Underground excavator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an underground excavator suitable for excavating a subway, a road tunnel, a water supply and a sewage system, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as this kind, there is one described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-321588. This is because a cutter frame is provided at the front of the shield tube, and a plurality of roller bits as excavating tools are provided at a predetermined interval on the cutter frame.
These are moved in parallel by a parallel crank mechanism. A rotary pedestal is rotatably mounted on the cutter frame, and the roller bit is attached to the rotary pedestal so as to be able to swing around a central axis of the rotary pedestal with a predetermined eccentric distance as a rotation radius. .

According to this, a parallel crank mechanism provides:
When the cutter frame is moved in parallel, the rotation center axis of the roller bit swings around the rotation center axis of the rotary pedestal with a predetermined eccentric distance as a rotation radius. as a result,
Since the roller bit moves to a position where it can easily roll and rolls smoothly, it is possible to efficiently crush and excavate even if the face is made of clay or the like.

[0004]

However, in such a conventional underground excavator, since the roller bit is provided so as to be capable of oscillating motion, another roller bit is provided during this turning radius. Because they cannot be arranged, the pitch of each roller bit is inevitably widened, and the interval between the cutting grooves formed on the face by the roller bit is widened. In this regard, it is difficult to say that the excavation performance is good. Met.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an underground excavator for further improving excavation performance.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a cutter frame extending in a direction orthogonal to the advance / retreat direction is provided at a front side of a support portion provided to be able to advance and retreat. An underground excavator, which is rotatably disposed via a parallel crank mechanism and has a plurality of bits disposed on a front surface of the cutter frame, wherein the support portion is orthogonal to the advance / retreat direction by a driving device. The bit is attached to the cutter frame via a rotating pedestal, and the rotating pedestal is rotatably mounted on the cutter frame with a pedestal axis along the reciprocating direction. On the other hand, an underground excavator in which the point of application of a reaction force from the ground to the bit is set at a position offset from the pedestal axis.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first aspect, the moving amount of the supporting portion by the driving device is longer than the arrangement pitch of each bit and the moving speed of the supporting portion. The relationship between the rotation speed of the cutter frame and the rotation speed of the cutter frame is set such that the cutter frame rotates more than one rotation while the support portion moves by one arrangement pitch.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first or second aspect, the support portion is divided into a front support portion and a rear support portion, and the front support portion is connected to the rear support portion. The cutter unit is supported slidably in the horizontal direction on the front side of the support unit and supports the cutter frame. On the other hand, the driving device is interposed between the tunnel ceiling and the tunnel bottom above and below the rear support unit. A vertical moving jack for vertically moving the portion is provided, and a horizontal moving jack for horizontally moving the front support portion between the tunnel side walls is provided on the left and right of the front support portion. And

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to third aspects, the bit has a circular shape and the rotation is performed on a bit axis in a direction orthogonal to the direction of movement. The bit shaft is rotatably supported by the pedestal, and the bit axis is set to cross the pedestal axis at a short distance.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to third aspects, the bit is integral with the rotary pedestal, and the rotary pedestal is embedded in the cutter frame. It is characterized by having been done.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[First Embodiment of the Invention] FIGS. 1 to 6 show a first embodiment of the present invention.

First, the configuration will be described. The underground excavator 1 of the first embodiment is for excavating a tunnel T in a rock G, and the underground excavator 1 is configured as follows. .

That is, the underground excavator 1 is roughly divided into a dug portion 2 for excavating a face T1 of a tunnel T from the front side, and a support for supporting the excavate portion 2 rotatably, vertically and horizontally. It has a portion 3 and a reaction force portion 4 which receives a reaction force at the time of excavation from the support portion 3.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the reaction force portion 4 is provided with a total of four upper and lower reaction force jacks 7 each at the top and bottom. A reaction force jack 9 is provided, and a tip portion of each of the jacks 7, 9 is provided with a reaction force outer shell 10 that conforms to the curved surface shape of the tunnel T abutting on the inner wall surface of the tunnel T. The reaction force outer shell 10 is pressed against the inner wall surface of the tunnel T by the driving force of each of the jacks 7 and 9 to fix the reaction force section 4 and receive the reaction force from the support section 3 side. I have.

A total of four propulsion jacks 12 are arranged between the front surface of the reaction force portion 4 and the support portion 3, and the support portion 3 is moved forward and backward by driving the jack 12. Has become. The front end 12a of the propulsion jack 12 is connected to the support 3 by a ball joint so as to follow the vertical movement of the support 3 and be inclined, and the rear end 12b
Are movably connected to the reaction force portion 4.

The support portion 3 is divided into a front support portion 14 and a rear support portion 15, and a front end portion 12a of the propulsion jack 12 is connected to a rear end surface of the rear support portion 15. A pair of upper and lower slide protrusions 15a extending in the horizontal direction are formed on the front end surface of the rear support portion 15. A slide protrusion 15a is provided on the rear end face of the front support portion 14.
A slide groove 14a is formed in which the front support portion 14 is slidably fitted, and the front support portion 14 is horizontally slidably supported by the rear support portion 15. The support unit 3 is set by the driving device 17 so as to be able to move in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the advance / retreat direction.

The driving device 17 firstly includes the rear support 1
A total of four vertically movable jacks 18 are respectively arranged above and below the rear end 5, and the rear supports 15 are provided by these jacks 18.
Is moved up and down. These jacks 18
Are provided with outer shell portions 21 which respectively contact the ceiling and the bottom of the tunnel T. Also,
Horizontal holding jacks 23 are disposed on the left and right sides of the rear support portion 15, respectively, and an outer shell portion 25 that is in contact with the tunnel T side wall surface is provided at the tip of the jack 23. The horizontal support jack 23 allows the rear support portion 15
Is prevented from moving left and right,
When the rear support portion 15 is moved up and down, the jack 23 is tilted by ball joints (not shown) provided at both ends of the jack 23 to absorb the up and down movement.

Also, on the left and right of the front support portion 14, FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a horizontal movement jack 26 for moving the front support portion 14 in the horizontal direction in a direction perpendicular to the forward and backward directions is provided.
The tip portion a is connected to the outer shell 25.
Both ends 26a of these jacks 26 are connected to the front support portion 14 or the outer shell portion 25 by ball joints (not shown), so that they can swing with respect to these. A holding jack 27 is provided to prevent the horizontally moving jacks 26 from hanging down.

Further, the excavating section 2 is provided with a circular cutter frame 29 extending in a direction orthogonal to the reciprocating direction so as to be able to move parallel to the front support section 14 via a parallel crank mechanism. Is provided with an outer peripheral roller bit 31 at the outermost peripheral portion, and a number of roller bits 32 are disposed inside the outer peripheral roller bit 31 at a predetermined arrangement pitch P1.

As shown in FIG. 1, the parallel crank mechanism is provided with four crank-shaped rotors 33, and the support-side shaft portions 33a of the rotors 33 are connected to the front support portions 1a.
4 is rotatably inserted into the through-hole 14b, and the cutter-side shaft portion 33b of the rotor 33, which is offset from the support portion-side shaft portion 33a, is rotatably inserted into the cutter frame 29. When the armature 33 is rotated by the drive motor 34, the cutter frame 29 is moved in parallel.

The roller bit 31 is attached to the cutter frame 29 via a rotary pedestal 36 as shown mainly in FIG. More specifically, the rotary pedestal 36 is rotatably mounted on the cutter frame 29 via a bearing 37 at a pedestal shaft 36a extending in the reciprocating direction, and the rotary pedestal 36 has a pair of support members for supporting the roller bit 31. A protruding piece 36b is formed. The support protruding piece 36b rotatably supports the roller bit 31 having a circular shape on a bit shaft 38 in a direction perpendicular to the advancing and retreating direction. The bit shaft 38 is set so as to intersect with the pedestal shaft 36a at a short distance while being separated from the pedestal shaft 36a by the middle distance e in FIG. 5B. Thus, the point of application of the reaction force from the rock G to the roller bit 31 is set at a position offset from the pedestal shaft 36a.

The amount of vertical movement or horizontal movement of the support portion 3 by the driving device 17 is set to be longer than the arrangement pitch P1 of the roller bits 31. The relationship between the moving speed Vs of the support portion 3 and the parallel movement speed N of the cutter frame 29 is as follows.
The cutter frame 29 is set to rotate more than one rotation during one movement. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the cutting groove pitch P2 of the cutting groove T2 of the roller bit 31 formed on the face T1 is smaller than the arrangement pitch P1 of the roller bit 31.

Here, the relationship between the cutting groove pitch P2, the moving speed Vs, and the parallel moving speed N is as follows: Assuming that the time required for the movement between the arrangement pitches P1 is t, Nt · P2 = P1 ... Vs · t = P1... And P2 = Vs / N. Therefore, Vs and N are determined from this equation so that P2 <P1. P2 is appropriately determined depending on the hardness, strength, and degree of joint of the rock G to be excavated.

Reference numeral 40 denotes a slip-out device, which in the first embodiment is constituted by, for example, a belt conveyor.

Next, the operation will be described.

In order to excavate the tunnel T in the bedrock G, first, the jacks 7 and 9 on the reaction force portion 4 side use the reaction force outer shell portion 10.
Is pressed against the inner wall surface of the tunnel T, thereby fixing the reaction force portion 4 at a predetermined position. In this state, the propulsion jack 12
As a result, the support portion 3 and the excavation portion 2 are advanced, and the roller bits 30, 31 are pressed against the face T1 of the tunnel T.
At the same time, each drive motor 34 is driven to rotate the rotor 33.
, The cutter frame 29 is moved in parallel. Thereby, the plurality of outer peripheral roller bits 30 and the roller bits 31 rotate with the radius R in FIG.

As a result, at each roller bit 31, FIG.
As shown in (a), the cutting groove T2 is formed in the face T1, and when the groove T2 is formed close to the cutting surface T1, the roller bit 31 bites into the rock G, and by the wedge effect,
The bedrock G is sequentially crushed and excavated.

At the time of this excavation, the bit shaft 38 is
5B is set so as to intersect at a short distance while being separated from the middle distance e in FIG. 5B, so that the rotating base 36 performs a so-called swinging motion, and the direction of the blade of the roller bit 31 is changed to the cutter frame 29. The tangential direction of the rotational motion of the roller bit 31 due to the parallel motion is directed. Therefore, the roller bit 31 smoothly rotates about the bit shaft 38, so that the cutting groove T2 is formed favorably and the excavation performance is secured.

However, since the roller bits 31 are rotated about the pedestal shaft 36a via the rotary pedestal 36, the roller bits 31 cannot be arranged so close to each other. As a result, simply rotating the cutter frame 29 increases the interval between the cutting grooves T2 formed by the roller bits 31 and makes it difficult to break the rock G.

For this reason, in the present invention, in addition to the above-described operation, the support unit 3 is moved in the vertical and horizontal directions by the driving device 17.

That is, in the case of vertical movement, the vertical support jack 18 of the driving device 17 is driven to move the rear support portion 15 and thus the entire support portion 3 up and down, so that the rear support portion 15 and the entire support portion 3 are supported by the support portion 3. Is moved up and down.

In the case of lateral movement, the horizontal support jack 26 is driven so that the front support portion 14 moves horizontally with respect to the rear support portion 15 via the slide groove 14a and the slide protrusion 15a. As a result, the cutter frame 2 supported by the front support portion 14 is
9 is moved in the horizontal direction.

Of course, if the vertically moving jack 18 and the horizontally moving jack 26 are simultaneously driven, the cutter frame 2
9 can be moved diagonally upward or diagonally downward.

In this case, as described above, the moving amount of the cutter frame 29 is set to be longer than the arrangement pitch P1 of each roller bit 31, and the moving speed Vs of the support portion 3 is set in parallel with the cutter frame 29. The relationship with the movement speed N is such that while the cutter frame 29 moves by one arrangement pitch P1,
The cutter frame 29 is set to rotate more than one rotation.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 6, three trajectories of the cutting groove T2 of the roller bit 31 are also formed between the adjacent roller bits 31, and the cutting groove pitch P2 is extremely close, so that the digging performance can be improved. Can be significantly improved.

Further, as described above, since the support portion 3 is moved up, down, left, and right in parallel, the outer shape of the cutter frame 29 can be reduced if a tunnel T having the same diameter as the conventional one is to be excavated.

Further, when excavating the rock G, when it is not necessary to consider the collapse of the rock G so much, the outer shell portions 21 and 25 are provided independently at the tips of the jacks 18 and 26 and the like.
And it is only necessary to abut this on the inner wall surface of the tunnel T. Therefore, there is no need to use a cylindrical shield that covers the entire support portion 3 and the like, and the structure can be simplified.

[Second Embodiment of the Invention] FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.

The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the bit configuration. That is, the second embodiment
The bit 42 is formed integrally with a rotary pedestal 43, and is mounted on the cutter frame 29 via a bearing 37 by a pedestal shaft 43 a along the direction in which the rotary pedestal 43 advances and retreats.

The point of action S of the reaction force from the rock G to the bit 42 is set at a position offset from the pedestal shaft 43a.

As a result, the bit 42 makes a so-called swinging motion so that the direction of the blade of the bit 42 is always along the rotation direction, and the cutting groove T2 can be formed satisfactorily.

Other structures and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and therefore, the description will be omitted.

In each of the above embodiments, the excavator 1 for excavating the bedrock G has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to an excavator for excavating softer ground. is there. Further, in each of the above embodiments, the support portion 3 is movable in a range of 360 degrees, but may be in one direction such as up and down or left and right.

[0045]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the support for supporting the cutter frame is moved in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the reciprocating direction, so that the bit can be moved in parallel with the parallel movement of the cutter frame. Since the combined movement with the parallel movement is given, since it makes a more complicated movement,
Even if the arrangement pitch of the bits is somewhat wide, the pitch of the cutting groove can be narrowed, and the excavation performance can be improved.

Further, by performing the parallel movement,
Accordingly, even if the outer shape of the cutter frame is small, a wide range of excavation can be performed.

According to the invention described in claim 2, according to claim 1,
In addition to the effect of the above, the amount of movement of the support portion is longer than the arrangement pitch of each bit, and the relationship between the moving speed of the support portion and the parallel movement speed of the cutter frame is determined while the support portion moves one arrangement pitch. Since the bit on the cutter frame is set to rotate more than one rotation, the locus of the cutting groove of the bit is also formed between adjacent bits, and the pitch of the cutting groove is extremely close. In addition, the excavation performance can be significantly improved.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the first aspect is provided.
Or, in addition to the effect of 2, the support portion can be translated in a more stable state.

According to the invention set forth in claim 4, according to claim 1,
An effect similar to the effect described in any one of (1) to (3) is obtained.

According to the invention of claim 5, according to claim 1,
In addition to the effects described in any one of (3) to (3), since the rotating pedestal is embedded in the cutter frame, a practically useful effect that the rotating pedestal is not damaged by crushed rocks is exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a tunnel excavation state according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a roller bit arrangement state according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a locus of a cutting groove formed by the roller bit according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5B showing the second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Underground excavator 2 Excavation part 3 Support part 4 Reaction part 14 Front support part 15 Rear support part 17 Drive device 18 Vertical movement jack 21,25 Outer shell part 26 Horizontal movement jack 29 Cutter frame 31 Roller bit Parallel crank mechanism 33 Rotor 34 Drive motor 36 Rotating pedestal 36a Pedestal axis 38 Bit axis 42 Bit 43 Rotating pedestal G Rock T Tunnel S Action point P1 Arrangement pitch Vs Moving speed N Rotating speed

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A front side of a support portion provided to be able to move forward and backward,
An underground excavator in which a cutter frame along a direction orthogonal to the advance / retreat direction is rotatably disposed via a parallel crank mechanism, and a plurality of bits are disposed on a front surface of the cutter frame. Is arranged by a driving device so as to be able to move in parallel in a direction orthogonal to the advance / retreat direction, while the bit is attached to the cutter frame via a rotary seat, and the rotary seat is a An underground wherein the point of action of the reaction force from the ground on the bit is set at a position offset from the pedestal axis while being rotatably mounted on the cutter frame by a shaft. Excavator. 2. The moving amount of the supporting portion by the driving device is longer than the arrangement pitch of each bit, and the relationship between the moving speed of the supporting portion and the rotation speed of the cutter frame is determined by the following. The underground excavator according to claim 1, wherein the cutter frame is set to rotate more than one rotation while moving by one arrangement pitch. 3. The support portion is divided into a front support portion and a rear support portion, and the front support portion is horizontally slidably provided on a front side of the rear support portion to hold the cutter frame. On the other hand, the driving device is provided with a vertically moving jack interposed between a tunnel ceiling and a tunnel bottom to vertically move the rear support portion above and below the rear support portion. The underground excavator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a horizontally moving jack interposed between the side walls of the tunnel and horizontally moving the front support portion. 4. The bit has a circular shape and is rotatably supported on the rotary pedestal with a bit axis in a direction orthogonal to the reciprocating direction, and the bit axis is set to intersect the pedestal axis at a short distance. The underground excavator according to claim 1, wherein: 5. The underground according to claim 1, wherein the bit is integral with the rotary pedestal, and the rotary pedestal is embedded in the cutter frame. Excavator.