JP2927704B2 - Automatic penetration tester - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic penetration tester for examining the ground strength of the ground.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in constructing various buildings, it is extremely important to investigate the geology of the ground of the land and to know the soil bearing capacity. Such a ground geology is generally subjected to a boring test. When a small-scale building such as a house or the like is constructed in the preceding stage, a penetration test is conducted for a depth of up to about 15 m underground as a simple geological survey. For this penetration test, various penetration testing machines are used, and for example, a geological surveying machine disclosed in JP-A-56-20221 is generally known.

[0003] As shown in FIG.
Is provided with a chuck 101 that rotates in conjunction with power, and a slide table 103 incorporating a counter 102 that displays the number of rotations of the chuck 101, which can be moved up and down on a gantry 104. The slide table 103 can be freely fastened to the middle of the attached rod 106 via a chuck 101. Further, several weights 108 are suspended from the mount 104 by a hinge 107 or the like at regular intervals, and the uppermost weight 108 is suspended by a chain 109. In addition, a handle 110 is provided on the side of the gantry 104 to wind up or unwind the chain 109.
Are rotated so that the weight 108 is sequentially loaded on the slide table 103.

[0004]

In a penetration test,
The phenomenon where the rod penetrates into the ground irrespective of the rotational force,
That is, a phenomenon generally called self-sinking frequently occurs. This is a phenomenon that occurs because the ground is soft,
At the time of this self-sinking, it is necessary to remove the weight loaded on the slide table, reduce the load on the rod, stop the rotation of the rod, and let the rod penetrate the ground in a natural state. However, in the above-mentioned geological survey machine, since the judgment of the self-subsidence is nothing but the visual check of the worker, there is a problem that even a slight subsidence may be overlooked. In addition, when a load is applied to or unloaded from a rod, a heavy weight (up to 25 kg in the J1S standard) is used.
It is pointed out that the work is extremely hard work because the operator has to step down or lift up the step f) on the slide table in a stepwise manner. In some cases, there is a problem that there is a danger of causing unexpected accidents when rushing work. In addition, since the weight is loaded or unloaded on the slide table by the rotation of the handle, it takes a long time to work, and there are problems such as inability to cope with self-sinking that requires a quick load change. I have.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is intended to quickly change a load applied to a rod, accurately and quickly perform a penetration test, and extremely reduce the burden on an operator. It is intended to provide a testing machine.

[0006]

According to the present invention, there is provided an elevating platform which can be moved up and down along a column, a predetermined amount of weight is loaded on the elevating platform, and a chuck for holding a rod is connected to a chuck rotation drive source. The present invention relates to an automatic penetration tester configured to penetrate the ground by applying a rotational force and a load to a rod, and to achieve the first object, a plurality of teeth are provided on the lift table. A molded toothed rotating member is rotatably provided, a brake means capable of adjusting a brake resistance value is connected to the toothed rotating member, and a meshing member meshing with the toothed rotating member is arranged in a direction in which the column extends. The rotation of the toothed rotating member is configured to be rotatable along the meshing member, and a detecting means for detecting the rotation of the toothed rotating member is provided. The resistance was adjusted, and is configured to load applied to the rod to provide a control means for changing artificially.

[0007]

In the above automatic penetration test machine, at the start of the penetration test, a weight having a predetermined weight is loaded on the lifting platform, and a rod for underground penetration is held on the chuck. When the elevator is lowered along the column, the main rotation drive source is driven so that the one-way clutch idles with respect to the transmission shaft. This pushes the rod into the ground under the weight of the elevator,
At this time, the brake resistance of the brake means is adjusted by the control means, and the inherent weight of the lift does not act on the rod due to the brake resistance of the brake means.
The automatic penetration tester according to the present invention adjusts the brake resistance of the brake means to change the load applied to the rod, and the rotational speed detected by the detection means is zero.
, The brake resistance is reduced, and when the rod does not penetrate even when no brake resistance is applied, the rotary drive source drives to rotate and penetrate the rod. If self-settling occurs while the rod is rotating and penetrating in this way, the rotation of the toothed rotating member is accelerated, and this is detected by the detecting means. The brake resistance is increased or decreased to adjust the rod load.

[0008]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 5, reference numeral 1 denotes an automatic penetration tester, which includes a base 2 having two legs arranged in parallel, a support 3 vertically erected on the support 2, and a support 3. And a control means 7 for controlling each driving part. There are various types of penetration tests, such as a standard penetration test and a Dutch cone penetration test. The automatic penetration tester described in this embodiment is for performing a penetration test called a Swedish sounding test.

The two legs 2a of the base are connected to each other in the vicinity of the middle thereof, and the column 3 is detachably mounted upright at this connection. The support column 3 has a substantially hollow prism shape with a guide path 3a formed on both side surfaces, and a guide chain 8 which is an example of a meshing member having a fixing attachment 8a is provided on the back surface thereof in a vertical direction. 3
Are arranged in the extending direction.

The loading unit 5 comprises a lifting platform 9 which can be raised and lowered along the support column 3, a chuck section 6 attached to the lifting platform 9, and a lifting unit 4 for driving the lifting platform 9 up and down. The elevating table 9 is configured by vertically projecting a guide portion 9b provided with a roller 9c in contact with the guide path 3a of the column 3 on a frame 9a formed by connecting square members by welding or the like. It is configured to be able to move up and down along 3. The frame 9a of the lift 9
Is installed around the column 3, and in the rear,
The elevating unit 4 is attached, and a position detection sensor (not shown) for detecting an upper limit position and a lower limit position as the elevating table is moved up and down is attached.

The elevating unit 4 has a first motor 11 as an example of a main rotation drive source installed at the rear of the frame 9a.
2 are connected. The first motor 11 is provided with a lock mechanism (not shown) that can perform forward and reverse rotation driving and fixes the output shaft so that it cannot rotate when stopped. Below the first motor 11, a transmission shaft 13 having an axis perpendicular to the axis of the output shaft of the first motor 11, and a sprocket shaft 14a coaxial with the transmission shaft 13 are rotatably arranged. ing. The transmission shaft 13 and the sprocket shaft 14a are connected via the speed reduction mechanism 10.
The transmission shaft 13 rotates with the rotation of the sprocket shaft 14a, and the sprocket shaft 14a also rotates with the rotation of the transmission shaft 13. A sprocket 14, which is an example of a toothed rotary member formed with a plurality of teeth that mesh with the guide chain 8 of the column 3, is integrally attached to the sprocket shaft 14a. The powder brake 15, which is an example of a brake means capable of adjusting the brake resistance by changing the value, is connected. This powder brake 1
Numeral 5 is a means for generating a corresponding magnetic field by applying a voltage to an exciting coil (not shown) to cause a density change in a magnetic powder (not shown) enclosed therein. The transmission shaft 1 is driven by an accurate slip torque generated by a friction action or an engagement action between the bodies.
3 is configured to add a brake resistance.

A driven bevel gear 16 meshing with the driving bevel gear 12 is provided on the transmission shaft 13.
7, the driven bevel gear 16 receives the drive of the first motor 11, and rotates in the same direction as the rotation of the sprocket 14 when the loading unit 5 is lifted. Transmission shaft 13 in the opposite direction to
Only when is rotated, the one-way clutch 17 is fixed so that the driven bevel gear 16 and the transmission shaft 13 rotate integrally. A pulse detection sensor 18 which is an example of a detecting means is provided at a position orthogonal to the rotational movement surface of the teeth of the sprocket 14.
4 is detected as a pulse signal and the rotation of the sprocket 14 is detected.

The chuck section 6 has a base 6a mounted on the frame 9a. The base 6a is provided with a speed reduction mechanism (not shown) and is an example of a chuck rotation driving source capable of normal and reverse rotation. A certain second motor 19 is arranged, and a chuck 20 having an axis parallel to the axis of the second motor 19 is installed by being connected to the second motor 19 by a rotation transmission mechanism 21. The rotation transmission mechanism 21
It comprises a driving sprocket 23 attached to the output shaft of the second motor 19 via a one-way clutch 22, a driven sprocket 24 attached to the lower end of the chuck 20, and an endless chain 25 connecting these sprockets 23, 24, The one-way clutch 22 is driven when the second motor 19 is driven to rotate a screw point 27 to be described later into the ground, that is, only when the driving sprocket 23 rotates in a direction opposite to the screwing direction of the screw point 27, The output shaft of the second motor 19 and the driving sprocket 23 are integrally rotated, and the rotation is transmitted to the chuck 20.

The chuck 20 has a rotatable sleeve member 20a rotatable with respect to the base 6a, and a storage hole 20b is provided near the upper portion of the rotatable sleeve member 20a in a direction perpendicular to the axis thereof. , This storage hole 20b
A steel ball 20c, which is an example of a fitting member, is operably stored along the storage hole 20b. The steel ball 20c has a diameter larger than the thickness of the rotating sleeve material 20a, and is configured to be able to protrude into and out of the storage hole 20b. A sliding sleeve 20d, which is constantly urged upward by a spring, is fitted on the rotary sleeve member 20a so as to be slidable along the outer peripheral surface and integrally rotatable. The inner peripheral surface of the sliding sleeve 20d is formed in a stepped shape, and is configured such that a portion near the upper end above the storage hole position always has a larger diameter than the other. The driven sprocket 24 and the one-way clutch 22 are mounted below the rotary sleeve member 20a.

The rotary sleeve member 20a of the chuck 20
During the penetration test, the rod 26 is detachably inserted and held. A fitting groove 26a is formed near the upper end of the rod 26, and the steel ball 20c is fitted into the fitting groove to hold the rod 26 on the chuck 20. The rod 26 has a female thread at one end and a male thread at the other end, which is a means for adding an extension rod. The female thread at one end is formed by applying a right-hand twist to a pyramidal material. A screw point 27 defining a screwing direction is screwed by forming a spiral groove 27a over the entire length, and a male screw portion at the other end has an extension rod (not shown) of the same shape at the time of a penetration test. )
Are rotated in the same direction as the screwing direction when the screw point 27 penetrates into the ground, and are successively added, so that the penetration test can be continued until the screw point 27 reaches a desired depth. The base 6a is provided with a loading arm 28 projecting forward.
At the time of the penetration test, an insufficient weight 29 is loaded on the loading arm 28 so that the weight of the loading unit 5 is set to 100 kgf.

The control means 7 includes a pulse detection sensor 18
And the first motor 11 and the second motor 19 are operated by a signal from a position detection sensor (not shown) or a manual input key operation.
Of the pulse detection sensor 18
By comparing the number of pulses per predetermined time detected by the above with a preset number of reference pulses, the voltage applied to the powder brake 15 is adjusted, and the powder brake 1 is adjusted.
5 is configured to adjust the brake resistance. The control means 7 is configured to process penetration test data such as the load applied to the rod 26, the number of rotations of the rod 26, and the amount of penetration of the rod 26, and further prints each data in a tabular form. The printer device 7a is also provided. The driving of the first motor 11 is performed by the control means 7 by using the one-way clutch 17 at a higher speed than the rotation of the transmission shaft 13 when the loading platform unit 5 is lowered during the normal penetration test in which no self-settling occurs. 13 is controlled to idle.

When a penetration test is performed by the automatic penetration tester 1, first, the first motor 11 is driven forward to raise the loading platform unit 5 along the column 3 to the upper limit position. At this time, the driven bevel gear 16 is actuated by the action of the one-way clutch 17.
And the transmission shaft 13 rotate integrally, and the rotation of the transmission shaft 13 is transmitted to the sprocket shaft 14a via the speed reduction mechanism 10. Along with this, the sprocket 14 rotates along the guide chain 8 of the column 3 and raises the loading platform unit 5 itself. When the loading platform unit 5 reaches the upper limit position,
The driving of the first motor 11 is temporarily stopped, and the output shaft is immediately fixed by the lock mechanism. Since the sprocket 14 is constantly receiving the weight of the loading platform unit 5 and trying to rotate in the direction in which the loading platform unit 5 descends, the one-way clutch 1
7, the transmission shaft 13 and the driven bevel gear 16 try to rotate integrally, but since the output shaft of the first motor 11 is in a fixed state, the driven bevel gear 16 cannot rotate. Stops at the upper limit position.

In this state, the rod 26 is attached to the chuck 10 of the loading platform unit 5 and the weight of the loading platform 2 with the total weight of 100 kgf is
8 is loaded. Thereafter, when the first motor 11 is driven (hereinafter, referred to as “reverse drive”) in reverse to the above-described drive when the loading unit 5 is lifted, the driven bevel gear 16 idles with respect to the transmission shaft 13 by the action of the one-way clutch 17. To do
The transmission shaft 13 that has been stopped until then becomes rotatable, whereby the loading platform unit 5 starts descending and positions the tip of the screw point 27 near the ground surface. In order to stop the lowering of the loading table unit 5, it is only necessary to stop the driving of the first motor 11 as described above.

After positioning the screw point 27 in this manner, the voltage applied to the powder brake 15 is adjusted, and the powder brake 15 adds a brake resistance to the transmission shaft 13. In this state, the first motor 1
When the loading platform unit 5 is lowered by driving the loading platform unit 5 backward as described above, the screw point 27 receives the weight of the loading platform unit 5 and is pressed into the ground. Thereafter, the first motor 11 continues the reverse drive until the extension rod (not shown) is added, and rotates the driven bevel gear 16 faster than the rotation speed of the transmission shaft 13 accompanying the rotation and lowering of the sprocket 14, thereby transmitting the transmission. The one-way clutch 17 idles with respect to the shaft 13. In the present embodiment, the rotation speed of the driven bevel gear 16 is set at the time of normal rod 26 penetration,
The drive of the first motor 11 is controlled so as to be faster than the rotation speed of the transmission shaft 13 accompanying the downward rotation of the sprocket 14 when a load and a rotational force are applied to the shaft to penetrate (when no self-sinking occurs). Have been. Therefore, since the lowering of the loading table unit 5 is normally performed only by its weight when it penetrates, an accurate load is applied to the rod 26. Further, when the loading platform unit 5 is lowered without attaching the rod 26 to the chuck 20, there is no penetration resistance acting on the rod.
Tries to fall free. However, at this time, the rotation speed of the transmission shaft 13 becomes higher than the rotation speed of the normal rod 26 and easily reaches the rotation speed of the driven bevel gear 16. It will be lowered by reverse drive, which is safe.

At the start of the penetration, the rotation of the transmission shaft 13 is suppressed by the brake resistance of the powder brake 15 described above. At this time, the brake resistance of the powder brake is determined by the weight of the loading unit 5 acting on the rod 26.
The rod 26 penetrates into the ground in the same state as when a load of 50 kgf is applied. If the rod 26 cannot penetrate in this load state, the loading platform unit 5 stops, and accordingly, the pulse is not detected from the pulse detecting sensor 18. In response,
The voltage adjustment of the powder brake 15 is performed, and the brake resistance acting on the transmission shaft 13 is reduced.
The same state is created as when a load of kgf is applied.
Further, when the sinking of the rod 26 stops under this load,
Finally, the voltage load on the powder brake 15 is stopped,
The rod 26 has an original weight of 10
A load of 0 kgf is applied.

When the lowering of the rod 26 is stopped even with a load of 100 kgf, the second motor 19 is driven so that the output shaft rotates in the screwing direction of the screw point 27 of the rod 26, and a load of 100 kgf is applied to the rod 26. In this state, rotation is given to penetrate the ground (hereinafter referred to as rotation penetration). At the time of this rotation penetration, the load is kept at 100 kgf unless self-settling occurs. Self-sinking is a phenomenon that occurs when the screw point 27 reaches the soft stratum. The load applied to the rod 26 is too heavy, so that the rod 26 sinks rapidly regardless of rotation. And a phenomenon in which the rod 26 penetrates.

When self-sinking occurs, the lowering speed of the loading platform unit 5 sharply increases with the sinking of the rod 26, so that the rotation speed of the sprocket 14 increases and the number of pulses detected by the pulse detecting sensor 18 increases. . The number of pulses per predetermined time is constantly monitored by the control means 7 during the penetration test, and if a pulse number exceeding a reference pulse number set in advance in the control means 7 is detected, the first motor 11 and the second motor 11 At the same time as the drive of the motor 19 is stopped, the voltage of the powder brake 15 is adjusted, and the load acting on the rod 26 is substantially reduced to 50 kgf. Thereafter, the load is increased to 100 kgf as in the first stage of the above-described penetration test, and the second motor 19 is driven again to perform the rotational penetration. The load change criterion is that the number of pulses detected by the pulse detection sensor 18 is converted into the rotation speed of the transmission shaft 13, and this is equal to the rotation speed of the driven bevel gear 16 rotating at a constant speed when the rod 26 penetrates. It may be when you do.

At the time of self-sinking, that is, when the driving of the second motor 19 is stopped, the screw point 2
The resistance of the soil acts on the spiral groove 27 a of 7, and gives a rotational force to the screw point 27. This rotational force is applied to the rod 26
Through the driven sprocket 24 and the endless chain 25 to the driven sprocket 23. Since the rotation direction at this time is to rotate the driving sprocket 23 in the winding direction of the spiral groove 27a of the screw point 27, that is, in the screwing direction of the screw point 27, only the chuck 20 is rotatable by the action of the one-way clutch 22. Therefore, the rod 26 rotates in a very natural state only by the resistance of the soil acting on the screw point 27 without receiving the resistance of the second motor 19.

When the loading platform unit 5 reaches the lower limit position during the penetration test, the driving of the first motor 11 and the second motor 19 is stopped. At this time, an extension rod is added to the rod 26 to continue the penetration test. When the extension rod is added, the extension rod is first screwed into the upper end of the rod 26, and then the holding of the rod 26 by the chuck 20 is released. In order to release the holding of the rod, the operator slides the sliding sleeve 20d of the chuck 20 downward to move the large-diameter portion of the inner circumference of the sliding sleeve 20d to the storage hole 20b position and remove the steel ball 20c. Then, the chuck 20 is rotated in the screwing direction of the screw point 27 while maintaining the state. At this time, the chuck 20 is connected to the one-way clutch 2.
By the action of 2, the second motor 19 can be rotated very easily without being affected by the reduction ratio or the like, and the operation of releasing the holding of the rod 26 is extremely easy.

By rotating the chuck 20 while the sliding sleeve 20d is slid, the steel ball 20c is disengaged from the fitting groove 26a of the rod 26, and is pushed by the outer peripheral surface of the rod 26 to rotate the steel sleeve 20a. Project from the surface. In this state, when the pressing of the sliding sleeve 20d is released, the sliding sleeve 20d is urged by the spring and attempts to return upward, but at this time, the steel ball 20
The sliding sleeve 20d is prevented from rising because c is in contact with the sliding sleeve 20d. When the first motor 11 is driven forward in this state, the loading platform unit 5 moves up to the upper limit position along the column 3 as described above. After the loading platform unit 5 stops at the upper limit position, the second motor 19 transmits the rotation to the chuck 20.
Is slightly driven, the steel ball 20c fits into the fitting groove 26a of the extension rod, thereby causing the sliding sleeve 20
d returns upward and securely holds the extension rod. After the extension rod is added, the above-described operation is repeated, and each time the loading platform unit 5 reaches the lower limit position, the extension rod is added to continue the penetration test to a desired depth.

In general, in the penetration test, the number of rotations of the rod 26 and the load are measured in a predetermined depth unit. When the control for changing the set contents of the automatic penetration test machine 1 which has been continued is performed, such as when the load applied to the 26 is changed or when self-settling occurs, the penetration calculated from the total number of rotations of the sprocket 14 up to that point is performed. Amount, the number of rotations of the rod 26 counted from the previous control change, and the rod 26 obtained from the operation state of the powder brake 15.
Are printed out in the form of a table from the printer unit 7a.

In the automatic penetration tester 1, the winding direction of the male screw portion of the rod 26 is set to the screwing direction of the screw point 27, that is, the direction opposite to the winding direction of the spiral groove 27a. When a lock mechanism for the output shaft such as the motor 11 is provided, the rotation of the chuck 20 in the direction in which the screw is loosened by the action of the one-way clutch 22 can be suppressed. It is preferable that the chuck 20 does not rotate even if the chuck 20 is rotated in a direction in which the rod 26 is loosened. Further, the output shaft of the first motor 11 and the sprocket 14 are directly connected via the one-way clutch 17 without using the driving bevel gear 12, the driven bevel gear 16, the transmission shaft 13, and the like.
The same effect can be obtained even if the control means is provided so that the output shaft of the first motor 11 rotates faster than the rotation speed of the sprocket 14 when the loading platform unit 5 descends. Further, even if the one-way clutch 22 is provided between the chuck 20 and the driven sprocket 24, the obtained effects are the same.

[0028]

As described above, in the automatic penetration tester according to the present invention, a guide chain is arranged along a column, a sprocket meshing with the guide chain is rotatably provided on a lifting platform, and the rotation speed of the sprocket is adjusted. The sprocket is connected to a powder brake that generates brake resistance by generating an accurate sliding torque on the sprocket, and control means for adjusting the brake resistance of the powder brake is provided. By detecting the rotation of the elevator, it is possible to judge the descent speed of the lift platform, and it is possible to judge the self-sinking automatically, and by controlling the rotation of the sprocket accurately by the powder brake, The load applied to the rod can be changed very quickly and accurately without increasing or decreasing It is possible to provide an automatic penetration tester to perform accurate penetration test to respond quickly to scuttled. In addition, by changing the load using the brake resistance of the powder brake, the operator does not need to increase or decrease the heavy weight, reducing the burden on the operator and ensuring the safety of the operator, while improving the efficiency of the penetration test. And a rapid penetration test can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of an automatic penetration tester according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the automatic penetration tester according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the automatic penetration tester according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the automatic penetration tester according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective sectional view of a main part of the automatic penetration tester according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a conventional automatic penetration tester.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Automatic penetration testing machine 2 Base 3 Support 4 Elevating unit 5 Loading platform unit 6 Chuck part 7 Control means 8 Guide chain 9 Elevating platform 10 Reduction mechanism 11 First motor 12 Main drive bevel gear 13 Transmission shaft 14 Sprocket 15 Powder brake 16 Follower bevel gear Reference Signs List 17 one-way clutch 18 pulse detection sensor 19 second motor 20 chuck 21 rotation transmission mechanism 22 one-way clutch 23 driven sprocket 24 driven sprocket 25 endless chain 26 rod 27 screw point 27a spiral groove 28 loading arm 29 weight

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-8-284143 (JP, A) JP-A-4-323411 (JP, A) Patent 2751030 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) F02D 1/00-1/08

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An elevator that can be moved up and down along a support,
A predetermined amount of weight is loaded on the lift table, and a chuck that holds the rod is connected to a chuck rotation drive source and is arranged rotatably, so that a rotating force and a load are applied to the rod to penetrate the ground. In the automatic penetration tester, a rotary member with teeth formed with a plurality of teeth is rotatably provided on the elevator, and a brake means having an adjustable brake resistance value is connected to the rotary member with teeth. While a meshing member that meshes with the rotating member is arranged in the direction in which the column extends, the toothed rotating member is configured to be rotatable along the meshing member, and a detection unit that detects rotation of the toothed rotating member is provided, An automatic penetration tester comprising a control means for receiving a signal from the detection means, suitably adjusting the brake resistance of the brake means, and changing the load applied to the rod.