JP2926025B2 - Moving direction maintaining device in excavator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a moving direction maintaining device for a digging machine for self-propelled by a propulsion means and digging a hole in the ground by an auger.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, in a field where planting seedlings and the like are produced, the tractor is used to cultivate the entire field in advance to soften the topsoil and reduce the height difference of the entire field. However, stepping into such a field and digging a hole with a hand-held hand auger is heavy labor, and improvement has been desired. Therefore, the present applicant has conducted research on a digging machine and succeeded in developing a device over various problems.

It is not so easy to dig a certain hole quickly and accurately, which is supported by the fact that digging machines are not on the market despite demand. However, there are many problems for practical use other than digging a hole, for example, moving while maintaining a predetermined course. This is because if the direction cannot be maintained, it is impossible to dig holes in accurate positions in order.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to maintain a moving direction of a self-propelled drilling machine in a predetermined direction in order to quickly and accurately dig a hole in a field or the like.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a device for maintaining a moving direction in a digging machine, in which it is difficult to maintain the direction by a propulsion means such as a cultivated field. A rudder plate for maintaining a predetermined moving direction, a mounting member for mounting the rudder plate to the body of the excavator so that the rudder plate can be lowered when the direction is maintained, and a blade part for grounding. In order to make the rudder dig into the rudder, a means for pressing the rudder plate at the lowered position against the ground is provided.

[0006]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A self-propelled excavator according to the present invention
This is a device for digging a hole h of a required depth at a predetermined interval in a field F in order to plant a plant. Field F here
The term includes those cultivated and those not tilled.

[0007] As the propulsion means, it is necessary to be able to reliably move the cultivated field F, so the endless track 11 is indispensable in the present invention. Endless track 11 is
It is a crawler or a caterpillar, and has a structure in which a crawler belt 20 is stretched between a driving wheel 18 and a driven wheel 19 provided on the left and right sides of the main body 10, respectively. A prime mover 12 such as an internal combustion engine is mounted on the main body 10 for the power of the endless track 11. The main unit 10 has a hydraulic device 1
3 is also installed. A power source for generating hydraulic pressure may be provided independently or supplied from the outside, but it is also possible to use the power of the prime mover 12 of the propulsion means.

In the illustrated embodiment, a high-output gasoline engine is used for the prime mover 12, and the output is used for the driving system and the power source of the hydraulic system. The power source of the traveling system is input to the transmission via a traveling clutch for connecting / disconnecting power to / from the driving wheels. On the other hand, the prime mover 12 drives a hydraulic pump for the power of the hydraulic system.

[0009] As described above, the excavator runs by the propulsion means such as the right and left crawlers, but it is difficult to move in the predetermined direction even when the ground is flat.
However, in a field or other irregular terrain, the ground is far from flat and it is even more difficult to maintain the direction by the propulsion means. Therefore, in the present invention, a moving direction maintaining device B having a rudder plate 21 for maintaining a predetermined moving direction by the blade portion 21a having a required length cutting into the ground is provided. Rudder plate 21
Is mounted on the body 10 of the digging machine by using the mounting member 22 so that it can be lowered when the direction is required,
A pressing device 23 is provided to press the rudder plate 21 in the lowered position against the ground.

The moving direction maintaining device B can be configured as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, for example. Example rudder plate 21
Is formed in a hull shape and substantially the entire portion corresponding to the bottom of the hull is a blade portion 21a. On the upper part of the rudder plate 21, a longitudinal axis 24 which is a part of the mounting member 22 is pivotally supported at its lower end by a lateral shaft 24a so as to be able to swing.
Is further movable up and down with respect to the main body 10 by the bearing 24b. Reference numeral 24c denotes a guide arm having a pair of left and right guide wheels 24d. The guide wheel 24d is in contact with the main body guide surface 24e to constitute a rudder plate direction fixing device 27 for keeping the direction of the rudder plate 21 constant.

The means shown in FIG. 4 as a means for lowering the rudder plate 21 has a cylinder device 25, and the rudder plate 21 can be lowered by reciprocating motion of a piston 25a, and can be raised when not in use. The piston 25a has a vertical axis 24.
Since the coaxial 25b is connected to the elastic body as a part of the pressurizing device 23, the elastic body is compressed and the rudder plate 21 is pressed against the ground at the time of use. Can be followed. The cylinder device 25 includes the rudder plate 21
Also serves as the vertical position fixing device 26.

The moving direction maintaining device B can be constructed more simply. An example thereof will be described with reference to FIGS.
In this example, a leaf spring-like elastic body is attached to the lower end of the longitudinal axis 24 as a pressurizing device 23, and its T-shaped intersection is held down by a stopper 24f provided on the upper part of the rudder plate, and the periphery of the shaft is fixed. Both ends 23a and 23d before and after are fixed to be able to expand and contract by steadying stops 23c and 23d. The vertical axis 24 is supported by a bearing 24b so as to be vertically movable, and is fixed at a lowered position and a raised position by a vertical position fixing device 26 such as a clamp.

A guide arm 24c as a part of the rudder direction fixing device 27 in the example of FIG. The guide arm 24c protrudes above the main body 10 and engages with an engagement portion 24g such as a concave portion provided therein to keep the direction of the rudder plate 21 constant. Conversely, if the clamp is loosened and the vertical axis 24 can be raised, the moving direction of the excavator is not restricted.

To describe another embodiment, it is possible to provide a restraining plate 28 for preventing the leading end from getting into the ground during forward movement. The exemplified suppressing plate 28 is formed in a fin shape extending forward from left and right. Although it has already been described that it is desirable to form the rudder plate 21 in the form of a boat, the rudder plate 21 having a simpler and straighter form in place of the hull-type blade portion 21a does not mean much difference in effect. . FIG. 8 shows a boat-shaped one, and FIG. 9 shows a T-shaped one. In the latter case, the vertical plate constitutes the blade. Further, the suppression plate 28 can be formed at the front end of the horizontal plate.

A feature of the present invention is that the problem of residual soil in a conventional excavator has been solved. In the case of the above-mentioned hand-held power digger (so-called hand auger), if it is used as it is, it cannot be sufficiently excavated, and it is necessary to experience the handling of lifting excavated soil and taking it out. there were. In a power digging machine that cannot perform such operations, more than half of the earth and sand remains in the digged hole, and the subsequent excavation is difficult. As a result of pursuing this cause, it was found that the soil did not sufficiently rise in the conventional machine despite the rotation of the auger, and that the soil fell due to the fall from the gap. Therefore, in the present invention, the rotation speed of the auger 17 is set to 100 to
From 150 rpm to 250-300 rpm at double speed,
In order to protect the worker from the earth and sand splashed off by the auger 17 and the auger 17 rotating at a high speed, the worker is mounted on the main body floor plate, and a structure such as a frame is arranged between the shields to prevent the earth and sand from being splashed. 29. As a result of these measures, it was possible to raise the excavated sediment and almost completely discharge it out of the hole by increasing the speed and torque without changing the structure of the auger itself. That is, although there was a difference depending on the soil properties, there was no problem in the post-process. Since the auger 17 aims at bouncing off earth and sand after excavating it, high-speed rotation means a rotation speed that achieves this purpose. Therefore, the above-mentioned rotation speed is an example to the extent of getting tired, and can be changed to a value outside the above-mentioned range according to the depth of the hole, the weight of earth and sand, or the magnitude of the rotation torque of the auger 17.

In the figure, reference numeral 30 denotes a driving seat on which an operator sits,
An operation panel 31 includes a traveling system including a traveling clutch operation section 32, a transmission operation lever 33, a side clutch 34, and a main throttle lever 35;
It has a throttle 36, a clutch 37, and an operating lever 38 of a hydraulic cylinder 41 for raising and lowering the auger. Reference numeral 39 denotes an elevating / lowering lever of a direction maintaining device, which will be described later.
This distance L is necessary for determining the distance between the front and rear holes. For example, the actual distance is calculated by calculating the number of rotations of the rotating shaft of the traveling system, and sound or light is displayed for each set value.

Auger 17 for excavating and discharging earth and sand
Are driven by hydraulic rotating machines 16 attached to the left and right frames 15, 15 respectively, and rotate to dig holes.
At the same time, it can be moved up and down. In order to mount the auger hydraulic rotary machine 16, the frame body 42 is installed at one end of the main body 10, in the illustrated example, at the rear end. The frame body 42 has a vertical guide rail 43 and a vertical moving frame 44 provided to be vertically movable along the guide rail 43. Since the frames 15 are provided on the left and right sides of the vertical moving frame 44, respectively, the lifting and lowering cylinder device 14 mounted on the frame 42 is provided.
, The piston 45 expands and contracts, and the left and right frames 15 move up and down together with the vertical moving frame 44 to which the piston tip is connected. The amount of ascending and descending, particularly the lower limit and the upper limit, is detected by a limit switch or other detecting means, and the depth of the hole can be controlled to be constant. This can also be controlled automatically.

In order to adjust the distance between the left and right frames 15, a width adjusting guide rail 46 protruding in the left and right directions of the vertical moving frame 44 is provided, and the left and right frames 15 are movably supported in the same direction. I do. A screw 47 is provided in parallel with the guide rail 46.
Are rotatably mounted, and nut portions 47 ′ for screwing with the screw portions are provided on the left and right frames 15, and the positions of the left and right frames 15 are adjusted by operating the handle 48. A third frame 15 'can be provided at the center. This is the vertical movement frame 44
Can be attached directly to Hydraulic rotating machines 16, 16, 1, with rotating shafts in the vertical direction, are mounted on the frames 15, 15, 15 ′.
6 'is installed, and an auger 17 is detachably attached to each of the rotating machines 16, 16, 16'. The center hydraulic rotating machine 16 'can be completed by relocating either the left or right hydraulic rotating machine 16, but a dedicated machine may be provided and only the auger may be attached and detached.

At the rear end of the main body 10, two sets of augers 17 are provided.
Are arranged side by side in the left-right direction, which is orthogonal to the front-back direction of the main body. The target 18 can be attached to either the left or right side. The survey mark 18 is for adjusting the position of its own machine, that is, the digging position of the auger 17 with the mark indicating the existing hole or the hole position, so that it is located on the outward extension of the line connecting the rotation axis of the auger 17. An extendable extension rod 49 extending from the helical frame 42 and a vertical rod 19 provided with a mark 18 at its tip are provided. Since the vertical rod 19 can be moved up and down, it moves up and down as the frame body 42 moves up and down, and the claw 18a comes in direct contact with the edge of the existing hole h so that the auger 17 is in a regular digging position. Is shown. In addition, a sediment inflow prevention mechanism 50 for enclosing or covering the hole, or a hole for digging a vertical hole on a sloping ground, and inclining the auger to prevent the earth and sand released at the time of digging from filling the existing hole. It is also possible to provide a tilting device or the like.

In the apparatus of the present invention having such a configuration, in order to dig a hole in the field F, the distance W between the adjacent left and right holes is determined by the target 18 and the distance L between the front and rear holes, ie, the pitch L Is set by operating the counter 40. FIG. 10 shows an example of digging holes h at a constant pitch and interval in order from the upper right corner to the bottom of the figure. Since the moving direction of the digging machine can be maintained by the present apparatus, the digged holes h are Each row of holes is parallel to a certain line. The depth of the hole can be controlled to be constant by the above-mentioned detecting means such as a limit switch. Further, in the apparatus of the present invention, the driver's seat 30 is oriented sideways with respect to the main body moving direction, specifically, the direction of the target 18, so that the worker can use the existing hole direction, row direction, moving direction, and the like. The situation around the main unit can be checked sufficiently.

[0021]

The present invention is constructed and operated as described above. Therefore, when digging a hole with a self-propelled digging machine, even if the field is plowed and it is difficult to maintain the direction,
The movement direction of the excavator can be maintained in a predetermined direction irrespective of the adverse effect of the ground, so that a certain hole can be dug quickly and accurately.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a rear view showing one embodiment of a moving direction maintaining device in a digging machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the above.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory side view showing an example of the movement direction maintaining device according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a front view of the one in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an explanatory side view showing another example of the movement direction maintaining device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the one in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8A is a front view of an example of a rudder plate. (B) Side view of one example of a rudder plate.

FIG. 9A is a front view of another example of the rudder plate. (B) A side view of another example of the rudder plate.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory plan view showing a situation of a digging operation by the device of the present invention.

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A digging machine for self-propelled by a propulsion means and digging a hole in the ground by an auger, when the direction maintenance by the propulsion means is difficult, such as in a plowed field, a blade having a required length is provided. In order to cut into the ground, a rudder plate for maintaining a predetermined moving direction, a mounting member for attaching the rudder plate to the body of the digging machine so that the rudder plate can be lowered when maintaining the direction, and to make the blade part bite into the ground, A moving direction maintaining device comprising: a pressing device that presses a rudder plate at a lowered position against the ground. 2. A moving direction maintaining device in a digging machine according to claim 1, further comprising a rudder plate direction fixing device provided so as to be able to adjust the direction of the rudder plate with respect to the main body, and to maintain the direction of the rudder plate constant. . 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a control plate provided on the rudder plate for preventing the leading end portion from getting into the ground due to the movement.