JP2899496B2 - Holographic three-dimensional hard copy and method and apparatus for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a holographic three-dimensional hard copy and a method and apparatus for producing the same, and more particularly, to a three-dimensional object hard copy capable of displaying a three-dimensional image with different parallaxes in the vertical and horizontal directions. And a holographic three-dimensional hard copy capable of easily creating a holographic three-dimensional hard copy with good image quality without distortion in a very short time, at low cost, and with a simplified apparatus configuration, and a method for producing the same. It concerns the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Today, three-dimensional image processing techniques have been widely used. For example, in the medical field, X-ray CT
(Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonannce I
maging) collects three-dimensional information of the human body and uses it for diagnosis and planning of surgery. Further, a three-dimensional CAD system is used for design of a building, a product, and the like. At present, photographs such as two-dimensional tomographic images and projected images are used as hard copies which are outputs of these three-dimensional image processing systems. However, as a more efficient and easy-to-understand one, there is a demand for a hard copy that expresses a three-dimensional object in a planar manner.

By the way, a holographic stereogram (hereinafter referred to as HS) is most excellent as a hard copy capable of displaying a three-dimensional object processed and generated by a computer in three dimensions. The HS is for combining a planar image of an object viewed from various angles into one hologram, and is suitable for three-dimensional recording and display of an imaginary object.

[0004] However, no HS method that satisfies the requirements for a hard copy of a three-dimensional object has been reported to date. In the conventional method, the parallax in the vertical direction cannot be recorded, and the reproduced image is distorted depending on the observation position. Also, the hologram cannot be recorded automatically by the two-step synthesis method. Multiplex holograms, Al
cove Hologram and the like have been proposed, but these not only can not record the vertical disparity information,
It is a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical type and requires a reproducing device for observation, so it is not suitable for general hard copy.

On the other hand, recently, there has been a strong demand for a hard copy having good image quality, but at present, it is difficult to produce a hologram having good image quality without distortion.

[0006]

As described above, in the conventional method, the parallax in the vertical direction cannot be recorded, and the reproduced image may be distorted depending on the observation position. There is a problem that a hologram cannot be recorded or a hologram with good image quality cannot be created.

The present invention can be used as a hard copy of a three-dimensional object capable of displaying stereoscopic images having different parallaxes in up, down, left, and right directions. It is an object of the present invention to provide a holographic three-dimensional hard copy which can be easily created in a short time, at low cost and with a simplified apparatus configuration, and a method and an apparatus for creating the same.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, a holographic three-dimensional hard copy according to the present invention is provided.
A hologram formed by forming a plurality of dot-shaped element holograms on the surface of a substrate, and an amplitude modulation of a liquid crystal panel or the like which is provided for each of the element holograms on the incident side of the hologram illumination light and applies amplitude modulation to light. And an element.

In order to achieve the above object, a plurality of dot-shaped element holograms are formed on the surface of a substrate, and a hologram is provided for each of the element holograms on an incident side of illumination light of the hologram. The method of making a holographic three-dimensional hard copy of the present invention, comprising an amplitude modulation element such as a liquid crystal panel that applies amplitude modulation to light, focuses light at a predetermined coordinate position on a hologram dry plate using an optical system, and forms a dot. Forming a plurality of dot-shaped element holograms on the hologram dry plate by repeating the steps of forming a plurality of element holograms in the shape of a dot, and sequentially moving the coordinate positions on the hologram dry plate to form the element holograms; A predetermined mask pattern at a position corresponding to the element hologram position on the amplitude modulation element substrate And a step of forming a plurality of mask patterns on an amplitude modulation element substrate by repeating a step of sequentially moving a position corresponding to the element hologram position by one dot at a time to form a mask pattern, thereby forming an amplitude modulation element. .

Further, in order to achieve the above object, a hologram in which a plurality of dot-shaped element holograms are formed on the surface of a base material, and a hologram provided for each of the element holograms on the hologram illumination light incident side; The apparatus for producing a holographic three-dimensional hard copy according to the present invention, which comprises an amplitude modulation element such as a liquid crystal panel for applying amplitude modulation to light, comprises a moving means for moving a hologram dry plate to a desired position, and a dot-shaped element hologram. System for forming a hologram on a hologram dry plate, developing means for developing a hologram dry plate having a plurality of element holograms formed thereon, control means for controlling a moving means and a developing means to create a hologram, and holograms from three-dimensional image data A mask pattern corresponding to each point of the dry plate is formed on the amplitude modulation element substrate by computer graphics. Constitute and an amplitude modulation element generating means for generating a width modulated elements.

[0011]

Therefore, the holographic three-dimensional hard copy of the present invention is characterized in that an amplitude modulation element created by arranging a mask pattern for each element hologram is arranged on the incident side of the illumination light of the hologram. The light reproduced by the amplitude modulation element has its amplitude,
That is, the intensity is modulated, and a stereoscopic image can be displayed.

In other words, using each element hologram of the hologram as a window, the direction and intensity of all light passing through the window are correctly recorded by the element hologram and the amplitude modulation element.
Can be played. Thereby, a stereoscopic image without any distortion can be created.

Further, the holographic three-dimensional hard copy of the present invention is of a plane type, can be synthesized in one step, and simply displays the three-dimensional images with different parallaxes in the vertical and horizontal directions simply by changing the amplitude modulation element. be able to.

Further, according to the production method and apparatus of the present invention,
By sequentially recording dot-like element holograms on the surface of the base material, recording can be performed in a manner similar to a conventional dot printer.

Further, in the method and apparatus according to the present invention, when a hologram and an amplitude modulation element are separately formed, when a new three-dimensional image is displayed, one hologram created beforehand is commonly used. However, only the amplitude modulation element needs to be created and replaced,
A holographic three-dimensional hard copy can be easily created in a very short time, at low cost, and with a simplified apparatus configuration.

As described above, the method of the present invention is optimal for realizing a 3-D printer as a hard copy machine for three-dimensional data.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a configuration example of a holographic three-dimensional hard copy according to the present invention.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the holographic three-dimensional hard copy of the present embodiment has a hologram 1 formed by forming a plurality of dot-shaped element holograms on the surface of a base material, and the illumination light of the hologram 1. An amplitude modulation element 2 is disposed on the incident side for each element hologram and applies amplitude modulation to light.

Here, as the amplitude modulation element 2, for example, a liquid crystal panel or the like can be used.

Next, the principle of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 in the case where a Lippmann type hologram is used as a hologram.

The method of the present invention shown in FIG. 3 is similar to the method of recording parallax information in the conventional multiplex hologram shown in FIG. 2, but the multiplex hologram is, as shown in FIG. While only the disparity in the direction is recorded, the method of the present invention records disparity information also in the vertical direction. In this method, a thick hologram is used as a Lippmann hologram to make the reproduced light have wavelength selectivity, and also reproduces parallax in the vertical direction by white light illumination.

Next, an optical system used in the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 4, the object light is
Through the hologram surface (hologram dry plate) 14. Further, reference light is made incident on the condensing portion 16 from the opposite direction, and an interference fringe pattern with the reference light is recorded on the hologram surface 14 as a dot-like element hologram.
Then, the hologram film is moved slightly little by little in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the hologram film is sequentially exposed, and the entire surface of the hologram is exposed to dot-shaped element holograms.

The mask pattern formed on the amplitude modulation element 2 is created by a perspective projection conversion as shown in FIG. The center point of the projection is a point on the hologram surface 14 for exposing the mask pattern.
The range of the light beam to be calculated is determined by the aperture and the focal length of the lens 12 in the optical system shown in FIG. The difference from the general computer graphics method is that the central point of projection and the viewpoint are different.
Perform with the right side toward you. This is to calculate the direction and intensity of a light beam that passes through a certain point on the hologram surface 14 among the light beams reflected from the object.

The hologram film is moved in the vertical and horizontal directions, and is exposed so as to fill the entire hologram surface 14.

Next, the amplitude modulation element 2 created by arranging the mask patterns created by such a method corresponding to the element holograms is arranged on the incident side of the illumination light of the hologram 1, and FIG. Observe as shown in FIG.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the light beam reproduced by each element hologram of the hologram 1 can reproduce a three-dimensional image whose amplitude, that is, the intensity is modulated by the amplitude modulation element 2. This means that each element hologram of the hologram 1 is used as a window,
By means of the element hologram and the amplitude modulation element 2, the directions and intensities of all the light beams passing through the window are correctly recorded and reproduced.

Therefore, according to the method of the present invention, a stereoscopic image without any distortion can be reproduced.

Further, the hologram 1 and the amplitude modulation element 2 are separately prepared from the three-dimensional hard copy thus prepared, so that when a new three-dimensional image is to be displayed, the previously prepared three-dimensional hard copy is used. By simply using one hologram 1 in common and creating and replacing only the amplitude modulation element 2, it is possible to easily display stereoscopic images with different parallaxes in the vertical and horizontal directions.

Next, a stereoscopic image creation system based on the one-step Lippman HS will be specifically described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a specific configuration example of the system. In FIG. 8, a laser beam from a helium / neon laser 20 is split by a beam splitter 22 into object light and reference light. Of these, the object light becomes parallel light via the lens 24. Further, the parallel object light is guided to a spherical lens 34 having a large power through a lens 26, a slit 28, a lens 30, and a mirror 32, and is condensed on the hologram surface 14 by the lens 34. Is done.

On the other hand, the hologram surface 14 is fixed to the XY stage 36, and is movable in the vertical and horizontal directions. Then, the XY stage 36 is moved, and the hologram surface 14 is moved.
Is formed on the entire surface of the substrate. The whole system is controlled by a personal computer. In addition, as a photosensitive material used for the hologram surface 14, for example, a silver salt photosensitive material can be used.

Next, the HS according to the present invention has the following features.

(A) Parallax in the horizontal and vertical directions can be provided, and a stereoscopic image can be displayed accurately.

(B) By using a Lippmann type hologram, it is basically possible to realize real color.

(C) Synthesis can be performed with a small device without using special optical components such as a cylindrical lens.

(D) When creating a large hologram,
It is only necessary to use exactly the same optical system and increase the number of exposure points.

(E) Since the light beam is condensed and used, the power of the light source can be used effectively and a high degree of stability of the optical system is not required.

(F) Since synthesis can be performed in one step, it can be used for an automatic system.

Next, an example of the configuration of a holographic three-dimensional hard copy hologram 1 creating apparatus (printer) according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

By using the HS of the present invention, it is possible to realize a practical holographic printer that outputs a hard copy of an imaginary three-dimensional object. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the system. This printer supports video
This is used for an image such as a three-dimensional version of a printer. When the operator observes the three-dimensional object from various angles on the monitor and sets the output direction, a three-dimensional hard copy of the three-dimensional object can be obtained.

That is, first, in step A of FIG. 10, the hologram dry plate 14 is moved by the film movement controller 46 to set the hologram dry plate 14 at a desired position.

Next, in step B, the shutter of the optical system 48 is opened and exposure is performed. The laser light extracted from the laser device 20 is divided into object light and reference light by the beam splitter 22, and the object light is condensed on the hologram surface 14 to form one element hologram together with the reference light.

Next, in step C, the hologram dry plate 14 is sequentially moved by the film movement controller 46, and is exposed through step D to fill the entire hologram surface 14.

Thereafter, in step E, the developing process of the hologram 14 is performed by the developing device 50, and the hologram 1 is automatically created.

The graphic processor 42, the film movement controller 46, and the developing machine 50
Controlled by the PU.

By using such a holographic / three-dimensional printer system, a three-dimensional hard copy hologram 1 with good image quality can be created completely automatically. Can be widely used as hard copy.

Next, an example of forming the amplitude modulation element 2 of the holographic three-dimensional hard copy according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

The amplitude modulation element 2 of the present invention can be obtained by a general computer system.

That is, first, in step A of FIG. 11, three-dimensional data is input to a host computer (not shown).

Next, in step B, an amplitude modulation element (not shown) is moved to set the amplitude modulation element at a position corresponding to the element hologram of the hologram 1.

Next, in step C, a predetermined mask pattern to be formed at a position corresponding to the element hologram position on the amplitude modulation element substrate is created from the original three-dimensional data, and stored in a frame memory (not shown).

Next, in step D, the position corresponding to the element hologram position of the amplitude modulation element substrate is sequentially moved one dot at a time, and a plurality of mask patterns are formed on the entire surface of the amplitude modulation element substrate through step E. .

Thereafter, in step F, a mask pattern output process is performed by a printer (or a film printer) (not shown), and the amplitude modulation element 2 is automatically created.

As described above, in this embodiment, the light is condensed on the hologram dry plate 14 at a predetermined coordinate position using the optical system.
A dot-shaped element hologram is formed and a hologram dry plate 1
4 is repeated to form a plurality of dot-like element holograms on the hologram dry plate 14 by repeating the step of sequentially moving the coordinate positions on the hologram dry plate 14.
Forming a predetermined mask pattern at a position corresponding to the element hologram position on the amplitude modulation element substrate using a graphics technique, and sequentially moving the position corresponding to the element hologram position dot by dot to form a mask pattern Is repeated to form a plurality of mask patterns on the amplitude modulation element substrate to form an amplitude modulation element 2 and form a plurality of dot-like element holograms on the surface of the base material on the illumination light incident side of the hologram 1. The holographic three-dimensional hard copy is created by disposing the amplitude modulation element 2 such as a liquid crystal panel for applying amplitude modulation to light for each element hologram.

Therefore, the following various effects can be obtained.

(A) In the holographic three-dimensional hard copy of the present embodiment, an amplitude modulation element 2 created by arranging a mask pattern for each element hologram is arranged on the hologram 1 on the incident side of the illumination light. Therefore, the amplitude, that is, the intensity of the light reproduced by each element hologram is modulated by the amplitude modulating element 2, so that a stereoscopic image can be displayed.

In other words, with each element hologram of the hologram 1 as a window, the direction and intensity of all light passing through the window can be correctly recorded and reproduced by the element hologram and the amplitude modulation element 2.

As a result, a three-dimensional image without any distortion can be created.

(B) The holographic three-dimensional hard copy of the present embodiment is of a plane type, can be synthesized in one step, and can easily obtain three-dimensional images with different parallaxes in the vertical and horizontal directions simply by replacing the amplitude modulation element 2. Can be displayed.

(C) Since the hologram 1 and the amplitude modulation element 2 are separately created, when displaying a new stereoscopic image, one hologram 1 created in advance is used.
Holographic three-dimensional hard copy can be created in a very short time, at a low cost, and easily while simplifying the device configuration, since only the amplitude modulation element 2 needs to be created and replaced by using the same in common. Can be.

As described above, the method of the present invention is optimal for realizing a 3-D printer as a hard copy machine for three-dimensional data.

(D) In the holographic three-dimensional hard copy according to the present embodiment, since a plurality of minute dot-shaped element holograms having three-dimensional image information are formed, a three-dimensional hard disk having parallax also in the vertical direction. You can get a copy. In addition, since the image can be reproduced by the dot-shaped element hologram, there is no limitation on the size of the hologram,
There is no unevenness on the entire surface of the hologram 1.

(E) According to the creation method of this embodiment, a three-dimensional hard copy can be created with one optical system, and an automatic hard copy system can be realized. Also,
Since the laser beam can be used effectively and the exposure time is short, it is not affected by external vibration.

(F) According to the hologram creating apparatus (printer) of this embodiment, a holographic three-dimensional hard copy can be created automatically.

(G) A holographic three-dimensional hard copy with good image quality can be automatically created.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be implemented in various modifications as follows without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

(A) In the above embodiment, the case where the liquid crystal panel is used as the amplitude modulation element has been described. However, the invention is not limited to this, and another amplitude modulation element such as an amplitude modulation filter may be used.

(B) In the above embodiment, the case where a Lippmann hologram dry plate is used as the hologram dry plate has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and another hologram dry plate may be used.

(C) In the above embodiment, a silver salt photographic material was used as the photographic material. However, in order to record Lippman holograms with high image quality, it is also possible to use a polymer photosensitive material.

[0072]

As described above, according to the present invention, the present invention can be used as a hard copy of a three-dimensional object capable of displaying a stereoscopic image with different parallaxes in the vertical and horizontal directions, and has good image quality without distortion. It is possible to provide a holographic three-dimensional hard copy capable of easily creating a holographic three-dimensional hard copy in a very short time and at low cost while simplifying the apparatus configuration, and a method and an apparatus for producing the same.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing one embodiment of a holographic three-dimensional hard copy of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a conventional multiplex hologram.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the multi-dot hologram of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an optical system of the one-step Lippmann HS according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of creating an original image pattern used in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a hologram reproducing method according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a hologram reproducing method according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a detailed optical system for Lippmann HS synthesis according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a holographic printer system of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of a hologram creating method in the holographic printer system of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for producing an amplitude modulation element according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: hologram, 2: amplitude modulation element, 12, 24, 2
6, 30, 34 ... lens, 14 ... hologram surface, 16 ...
Focusing unit, 20 laser, 22 beam splitter, 28
... Slit, 32 ... Mirror, 36 ... XY stage, 4
0: host computer, 42: graphic processor, 44: frame memory, 46: film movement controller, 48: optical system, 50: developing machine.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Susumu Takahashi 1-5-1, Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Katsuo Honda 1913-12 Kita Hasakucho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 72) Inventor Masahiro Yamaguchi 4-1 31-502 Kamata, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Nagaaki Oyama 2-3-9 Kanon, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa (56) References 1989 20th Image Engineering Conference Transactions, Vol. 20 (December, 1989) Holographic 3-D printer using Lipman holographic stereogram Masahiro Yamaguchi Atsuo Honda Nagaaki Akira 323-P. 326 (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G03H 1/26 G03H 1/22

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A hologram in which a plurality of dot-shaped element holograms are formed on a surface of a base material, and each of the element holograms is arranged on an incident side of illumination light of the hologram, and performs amplitude modulation on light. A holographic three-dimensional hard copy comprising: an amplitude modulation element such as a liquid crystal panel to be added. 2. A hologram in which a plurality of dot-shaped element holograms are formed on the surface of a base material, and each of the element holograms is arranged on an incident side of illumination light of the hologram for amplitude modulation of light. A method for creating a holographic three-dimensional hard copy comprising an amplitude modulation element such as a liquid crystal panel to be added, comprising: condensing light at a predetermined coordinate position on a hologram dry plate using an optical system to form a dot-shaped element hologram; Forming a plurality of dot-shaped element holograms on the hologram dry plate by repeating a step of sequentially moving coordinate positions on the hologram dry plate to form the element hologram; and an amplitude modulation element using a computer graphics technique. Forming a predetermined mask pattern at a position on the substrate corresponding to the element hologram position; Forming a plurality of mask patterns on the amplitude modulation element substrate by repeating a step of sequentially moving a position corresponding to the element hologram position by one dot to form the mask pattern to form an amplitude modulation element; A method for producing a holographic three-dimensional hard copy, characterized in that: 3. A hologram in which a plurality of dot-shaped element holograms are formed on the surface of a base material, and each of the element holograms is arranged on an incident side of illumination light of the hologram for amplitude modulation of light. A holographic three-dimensional hard copy creation device comprising an amplitude modulation element such as a liquid crystal panel to be added; a moving means for moving a hologram dry plate to a desired position; an optical system for forming a dot-shaped element hologram on the hologram dry plate; Developing means for developing the hologram dry plate on which the plurality of element holograms are formed; control means for controlling the moving means and the developing means to create the hologram; and each point of the hologram dry plate from three-dimensional image data Pattern on the amplitude modulation element substrate by computer graphics Serial holographic stereoscopic hard copy generation device for the amplitude modulation component generating means for generating an amplitude modulation element, characterized in that it comprises a.