JP2896096B2 - Crushing equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus for crushing waste such as bulky garbage, and more particularly to a structure which enables stable crushing even if the shape or strength of the crushed material changes. It is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Waste such as oversized garbage is
After removing reusable parts, they are dismantled by cutting or crushing and processed. Conventionally, methods for dismantling such waste include a method using a hammer crusher and a method using a low-speed rotary crusher.

However, the actual waste to be treated has various shapes and dimensions from small to large, and has various strengths. For this reason, crushing using a hammer crusher tends to require a large driving power, and has the disadvantage of increasing vibration and noise during crushing.

On the other hand, as a low-speed rotary crusher for crushing waste, a twin-screw crusher for crushing between two parallel crushing rotors, and crushing between one crushing rotor and a fixed blade. There is a single-shaft crusher to perform.In this case, in the twin-shaft crusher, the crushing ability is determined by the distance between the parallel crushing rotors and the size of the crushing blade. There is a drawback that the biting does not go smoothly and it takes time to maintain the crushing blade.

[0005] As a technique using a single-shaft crusher for crushing waste, a technique proposed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-29083 is known, but in the crusher proposed above, the outer circumferential surface of a crushing rotor is used. Since the crushing blade is fixed to the spiral groove formed on the surface, if you want to increase the number of crushing blades for the purpose of increasing the processing capacity, you must change the shape of the fixed blade accordingly, and fix it There is a problem that it takes time to form the blade.

Further, since the phase of the spiral groove is shifted by the rotation of the crushing rotor, depending on the type of waste, when the material is compressed by the pressure of the pusher, the material moves along the spiral groove to the end of the crushing chamber. This may be undesirable in terms of crushing efficiency and pusher operation.

[0007] Further, since the crushed material is pushed out toward the crushing position by a pusher using a cylinder, the shape of the crushed material that can be automatically supplied to the crushing position is limited. There is also a problem that it is difficult to crush long waste.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has as its object to provide a crushing apparatus capable of reliably and efficiently crushing objects to be crushed having different shapes and strengths.

[0009]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first means of the present invention is to provide a rotating crushing rotor inside a crushing chamber and a crushing blade attached to the crushing rotor. And a main blade for pressing the object to be crushed against the crushing rotor is provided on a table for supplying the object to be crushed toward the crushing rotor. On the side, a pair of side feed rollers opposed to each other with the table interposed therebetween is provided.

The second means is such that, in the above structure, the main feed roller can be moved toward and away from the table in the vertical direction, and a sharp biting portion is provided at the tip of the peripheral surface of the main feed roller. That is, a plurality of protrusions are provided.

Further, a third means is that the pair of side feed rollers is provided with a plurality of projections on a cylindrical member which rotates about an upper and lower axis, and the axis of each side feed roller is set at the upper end. It is possible to tilt in the direction approaching and moving away from each other.

Fourth means is provided at the front end of the table.
Connect the supply frame of the crushed material, and on the upper surface of the supply frame,
A plurality of wheels were provided along the supply direction of the material to be crushed.

[0015] A fifth means is that, at the front end of the table,
A winch was arranged to lift the crushed object.

On the other hand, the sixth means comprises a driving device for the crushing rotor and a driving device for the main feed roller or the side feed roller.
The structure is adopted in which the control means changes the operation of the main feed roller or the drive of each side feed roller in inverse proportion to the load on the drive of the crushing rotor.

[0015]

In the first means, the crushed material supplied on the table is sandwiched between a pair of side feed rollers and sent to the crushing rotor, and the crushed material is pressed against the crushing rotor by the main feed roller. In this state, crushing is continuously performed between the crushing blade attached to the crushing rotor and the fixed blade facing the crushing blade.

As described above, the sandwiching from both sides by the side feed roller and the pressing by the main feed roller are combined, so that even if the shape or strength of the material to be crushed changes, a certain amount of feed is ensured. It can be sent to the crushing position.

In this case, as in the second means, a sharp projection is provided on the peripheral surface of the feed roller, and the object to be crushed is pressed by the projection, so that the tip of the projection bites into the object to be crushed and is sent out. Can be formed, so that the object to be crushed can be more reliably fed toward the crushing rotor.

Further, when the axes of the pair of side feed rollers can be tilted as in the third means, each of the tilting side rollers guides the material to be crushed to the center line of the table in the feed direction, so that the material to be crushed is moved. The crushing rotor can be fed while being held at the center position. In addition, even a crushed object having a size smaller than the effective width of the table can be sent while being held at the center of the table, without being biased toward the end of the crushing chamber.

On the other hand, when a supply pedestal with wheels or a winch for supplying the object to be crushed is provided at the front end side of the table as in the fourth and fifth means, a long object to be crushed or a heavy crushed object can be obtained. Even objects can be sent to the crushing rotor with a small force, and the crushed object can be supplied and crushed without using another large-sized machine or the like separately provided.

Further, when the feed speed of the main feed roller and each side feed roller is controlled in inverse proportion to the load on the crushing rotor as in the sixth means, an appropriate amount of crushed material corresponding to the load at the crushing position is obtained. And the crushing device can be operated efficiently.

[0021]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG.
Box-shaped steel frame 1 and its frame 1
And a crushing chamber 5 in which a crushing rotor 3, a fixed blade 4, a main feed roller 6 and the like are incorporated.

The crushing rotor 3 has a cylindrical drum shape. Shafts 3a and 3b protruding from both ends are rotatably supported by the frame 1 via bearings, and are decelerated by the shaft 3a on one side. The output shaft of the machine 8 is connected.

The speed reducer 8 is connected to the frame 1,
The output shaft of the electric motor 10 is connected to the pulley 9 fitted on the input shaft.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, a plurality of circumferential grooves 1 having a V-shaped cross section are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the crushing rotor 3.
4 are formed in parallel in the axial direction. Each circumferential groove 1
4 is a crushing rotor 3 in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis of the rotor.
, And are formed adjacent to each other over the entire outer peripheral surface of the crushing rotor 3.

As shown in FIG. 4, a tool fixing block 15 having a quadrangular prism shape is provided in each of the circumferential grooves 14.
The surface is welded and fixed to the circumferential groove 14 in contact with the ground. In the center of the fixing block 15, a screw hole 16 is provided.
A crushing blade 18 is detachably attached to the screw hole 16 using a bolt 17.

The crushing blade 18 has a quadrangular prism shape similar to that of the fixed block 15, and two adjacent side surfaces thereof are attached to the V-shaped surface of the circumferential groove 14 in contact with the ground. The crushing blade 18 attached to each circumferential groove 14 is
The other two adjacent side surfaces protrude from the peripheral surface of the crushing rotor 3, and the crossing corners 1 on both side surfaces thereof
8a is the highest projecting state.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, the crushing blade 18 and the fixed block 15 are mounted one by one in each of the circumferential grooves 14, and are arranged with a phase shift in the circumferential direction between the adjacent circumferential grooves 14. ing.

Below the side of the crushing rotor 3, a horizontal table 11 is provided.
A fixed blade 4 is attached to face the crushing rotor. As shown in FIG. 3, the fixed blade 4 has both ends fixed to both side surfaces of the frame 1 using bolts or the like, and a large number of V-shaped grooves are formed on the side facing the crushing rotor 3. The blade 19 is formed so as to be continuous in a sawtooth shape. The groove blades 19 are provided so as to face the respective circumferential grooves 14 of the crushing rotor 3, and have a shape similar to two adjacent side surfaces of the crushing blades 18.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 12 denotes the crushing roller 3.
Of the perforated plate provided so as to surround the peripheral surface of the crushed material, and a discharge port 13 for the crushed material is provided below the great 12.

A swing arm 25 swinging up and down with one end as a fulcrum is attached to the frame 1 above the crushing rotor 3, and the main feed roller 6 is attached to the tip of the swing arm 25. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the swing arm 25 is provided with a hydraulic lift cylinder 26 at the lower portion on the front end side, and the swing arm 25 swings up and down by the operation of the lift cylinder 26. The feed roller 6 approaches and separates from the crushing roller 3. In this case, an arc-shaped guide 27 for guiding the movement of the tip of the swing arm 25 is attached to the upper part of the frame 1.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the main feed roller 6 is formed by attaching a large number of conical projections 21 and 22 to the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical member 20. Shaft portions 20a and 20b extending from both ends are rotatably supported on both side surfaces of the swing arm 25. Hydraulic motors 24, 24 are connected to shaft portions 20a, 20b at both ends of the main feed roller 6 via chain couplings 23, respectively, and the main feed rotor 6 is driven to rotate by the hydraulic motors 24, 24. You.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 7, a pair of tilting arms 28, 28 are attached to both side plates 1a, 1a on the front end side of the frame 1 which is forward in the feed direction of the main feed roller 6. A pair of side feed rollers 29, 29 opposed to each other with the table 11 interposed therebetween are attached to the upper ends of the respective tilting arms 28, 28.

Each of the side feed rollers 29, 29 has a shaft 30a, 30b protruding from the upper and lower surfaces of the cylindrical member 30 rotatably supported by the tilting arms 28, 28, and the peripheral surface of the cylindrical member 30 has a conical shape. The hydraulic motor 3 is formed by attaching a number of projections 31 each having the same shape and connected to one shaft 30a.
By the operations of 2, 32, they are rotationally moved in opposite directions.

Each of the tilting arms 28 has a fulcrum shaft 33 at the center and a horizontal cylinder 3 at the lower end.
4 are connected, and when the horizontal cylinder 34 expands and contracts, the upper end part is inclined toward the inside of the frame 1 with the central part as a fulcrum. Due to the movement of the tilting arms 28, the side feed rollers 29, 29 are tilted in such a direction that the axis of the cylindrical member 30 is tilted inside the frame 1 and the upper ends approach and separate from each other.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a supply gantry 2 for supplying crushed objects disposed in front of the frame 1 has a pedestal 35 formed at substantially the same height as the table 11, and A guide fence 36 is provided on both sides of the table 35, and the tip of the receiving table 35 is connected to the front end of the table 11. A plurality of wheels 38 made of a synthetic resin are attached to the upper surface of the cradle 35 along the length direction of the cradle 35, and the crushed object is guided toward the table 11 by the rotation of the wheels 38. Has become.

An electric winch 7 is attached to the front end of the table 11, and a wire table 39 extending from the electric winch 7 extends to the front end of the supply stand 2. In this structure, the electric winch 7 winds the wire table 39 so that the object to be crushed
Can be raised.

The crushing apparatus of this embodiment has the above-described structure, and its operation will be described below. When processing the crushed object, the crushed object is put into the table 11 as shown in FIG. The distance between the main feed roller 6 and the chute 5 by the operation of the lifting / lowering cylinder 26 of the swing arm 25, and the distance between both side feed rollers 29, 29 by the operation of the horizontal cylinder 34 of the tilt arm 28, respectively. Adjust so as to correspond to the size of the material to be crushed. From this state, the material to be crushed is sandwiched by both side feed rollers 29, 29, fed into the crushing rotor 3, and crushed by rotating the main feed roller 6 while pressing it against the surface of the crushing rotor 3 with the main feed roller 6. It is sent to the crushing position between the rotor 3 and the fixed blade 4.

The material to be crushed sent to the crushing position is partially sheared and crushed between each crushing blade 18 attached to the crushing roller 3 and the fixed blade 5 by a shearing action.

The finely crushed material passes through the hole of the great 12 and falls downward, and is discharged from the discharge port 13. The crushed material larger than the hole of the great 12 is crushed again. When crushed smaller than the great hole size, it falls down.

Here, when it is desired to increase the processing capacity of the crushing device, a plurality of crushing blades 18 are attached to each circumferential groove 14 of the crushing rotor 3, and the number of crushing blades acting during one rotation of the crushing rotor is reduced. Try to increase. Thus, the number of times of crushing per rotation of the crushing rotor increases, and the volume of crushable volume can be increased.

In the above-mentioned crushing operation, when the width of the crushed material is reduced, the two side feed rollers 2
By operating the upper end portions 9 and 29 closer to each other, the crushed material is sandwiched between the side feed rollers 29 from both sides. Thereby, the object to be crushed can be sent to the crushing position while being guided and held on the center line of the table 11,
Even the crushed material having a small size with respect to the effective width of the supply stand 2 can be reliably fed.

In the crushing process described above, the projections 28 and 29 having sharp tips are provided on the peripheral surface of the main feed roller 6, so that the main feed roller 6 rotates while pressing the object to be crushed. , 29 into the crushed object to form a catching hole. For this reason, the main feed roller 6 can reliably send out the crushed object toward the crushing position, and time loss due to uneven feeding can be reduced.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment, showing an example of a control structure in which the speed of the feed roller can be automatically adjusted in accordance with the strength of the material to be crushed.

In this control structure, an electromagnetic proportional flow control valve 42 is incorporated in a path connecting the hydraulic pumps 41 and the hydraulic motors 24 for rotationally driving the main feed roller 6, and the operation of the flow control valve 42 is performed. , The amount of oil supplied to the hydraulic motors 24, 24 is adjusted, and the rotation speed of the main feed roller 6 is controlled.

Further, a current detector 43 for detecting a change in load current is connected to the electric motor 12 for rotatingly driving the crushing rotor 3, and the current detector 43 and the flow control valve 42 are connected to each other.
It is connected via a servo mechanism 44 having an amplifier, a controller and the like. The servo mechanism 44 includes the current detector 4
An operation signal having a magnitude inversely proportional to the change in the current value detected in step 3 is sent to the flow control valve 42. The flow control valve 42 receives a signal from the servo mechanism 44 and receives a signal from the servo mechanism 44. A servo valve 45 for adjusting the amount of oil passing through is incorporated.

The hydraulic pump 41 is connected to horizontal cylinders 34, 34 for tilting the side feed rollers 29, 29 via a flow control valve 46.

In the above structure, the current value of the electric motor 12 is measured during the crushing, and the servo valve 45 of the flow control valve 42 is controlled by the servo mechanism 44 so as to be in inverse proportion to the change in the current value.
And a hydraulic motor 24, 24 for driving the main feed roller.
Adjust the amount of oil supplied to the machine. Thereby, the crushing rotor 3
When the load of crushing in increases, the hydraulic motor 24,
When the amount of oil supplied to the crusher 24 is reduced and the amount of the crushed material sent out by the main feed roller 6 is reduced, the load on the crushing rotor 3 is reduced. And the amount of crushing by the crushing rotor 3 can be increased, and efficient crushing work can be continued by automatic operation.

In the above embodiment, the main feed roller 6
However, the speed of each side feed roller 29, 29, or the speed of both the main feed roller 6 and each side feed roller 29, 29 is inversely proportional to the load of the crushing roller 3 on the electric motor 12. Alternatively, the control may be performed.

[0049]

As described above, according to the present invention, the object to be crushed is fed to the crushing rotor by pressing the main feed roller and sandwiching from both sides by the side feed roller, so that the object to be crushed is securely positioned at the center of the crushing rotor. The crushed material having a different shape can be crushed stably at a constant feed rate.

Further, a long crushed object or a heavy crushed object can be sent to the crushing rotor with a small force by the supply pedestal with wheels and the winch, and another large-sized machine or the like separately provided is used. The crushed material can be supplied and crushed without any need.

Further, by controlling the operation of the driving devices of the crushing rotor and the main feed roller or the side feed roller so as to be in inverse proportion to each other, automatic operation can be made possible, and efficient crushing work can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing a crushing apparatus according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the above.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the above-described great and fixed blades.

4A is a side view showing a fixing structure of a crushing blade and a fixed block, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view thereof.

FIG. 5 is a side view showing a main feed roller.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing a swing mechanism of a main feed roller.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing a tilting mechanism of a side feed roller.

FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically illustrating a control structure according to another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Frame 2 Supply stand 3 Crushing rotor 4 Fixed blade 5 Crushing chamber 6 Feed roller 7 Electric winch 11 Table 12 Motor 14 Circular groove 15 Fixed block 18 Crushing blade 20 Cylindrical member 21, 22 Projection 24 Hydraulic motor 25 Swing arm 26 Elevating Cylinder 28 Tilt arm 29 Side feed roller 32 Hydraulic motor 41 Horizontal cylinder 42 Flow control valve 43 Current detector 44 Servo mechanism

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B02C 18/00-18/44 B02C 23/00-23/40

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] An inside of a crushing chamber is provided with a rotating cylindrical crushing rotor and a fixed blade for crushing between a crushing blade attached to the crushing rotor, and an object to be crushed toward the crushing rotor. A main feed roller for pressing the crushed object against the crushing rotor is provided on a table for supplying the crushed material, and a pair of side feed rollers opposed to each other across the table are provided in front of the main feed roller in the feed direction. And crushing equipment. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the main feed roller is vertically movable toward and away from the table, and a plurality of protrusions having a sharp biting portion at a tip thereof are provided on a peripheral surface of the main feed roller. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein 3. A pair of side feed rollers, wherein a plurality of projections are provided on a cylindrical member that rotates about an upper and lower axis, and the axis of each side feed roller is moved in such a direction that upper ends approach and separate from each other. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing device is tiltable. 4. A crushing object supply gantry is connected to the front end of the table, and a plurality of wheels are provided on the upper surface of the crushing object along the supply direction of the crushing object. Item 4. The crushing device according to any one of Items 1 to 3. 5. A winch for pulling up an object to be crushed is arranged at a front end of the table.
A crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 6. The drive of the crushing rotor and the drive of the main feed roller or the side feed roller are changed in inverse proportion to the load on the drive of the crushing rotor. The crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the crushing device is connected by control means for causing the crushing.