JP2887737B2 - Bioreactor - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bioreactor for efficiently removing, by microorganisms, specific components in a liquid to be treated, for example, nitrogen components such as ammonia contained in water such as waste water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Nitrogen compounds such as ammonia flowing into lakes and marshes and enclosed seas are one of the main causes of eutrophication. As a result, wastewater standards for nitrogen have been strengthened,
At present, emissions to rivers and seas are strictly regulated.

At present, biological denitrification is widely and generally used as a method for removing nitrogen compounds in wastewater. However, in existing wastewater treatment equipment using biological denitrification, an aerobic tank (nitrification reaction) and an anaerobic tank (denitrification reaction)
However, there is a drawback that the apparatus becomes large and complicated. Also, it is necessary to add an organic substance such as alcohol to the denitrification tank as an energy source of the denitrification reaction,
It is necessary to install a re-aeration tank to remove the alcohol remaining in the treated water. In addition, pH adjustment is required,
There are also problems such as low utilization efficiency of the added alcohol and high operating costs.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a bioreactor capable of removing or increasing specific components in a liquid to be treated by using microorganisms. A new nitrogen-removing bioreactor that can efficiently perform nitrification and denitrification reactions in one reaction tank and efficiently supply energy source materials to denitrifying bacteria, etc. It is.

[0005]

As a result of various studies, the present inventors have found that ammonia oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria can be synthesized by synthetic polymers,
Immobilized carrier embedded in a carrier such as a natural polymer film,
Formed into sheets, tubes, etc., it was found that nitrogen could be removed efficiently by contacting the liquid to be treated with one surface of the carrier for immobilizing bacteria and contacting the energy source substance of the bacterial cells with the other surface, and even for other microorganisms. The present invention has been completed by finding that the same can be applied. Therefore, the present invention provides a microorganism capable of embedding a microorganism such as a synthetic or natural polymer such as a photo-curable resin or agarose, which is effective for removing a target component in a liquid to be treated, and the microorganism produced by the microorganism. Stuff
One or two microorganisms that oxidize or reduce
It relates bioreactor, characterized in that it has on one surface of more kinds on immobilization was immobilized carrier so as to contact the energy source material other surface the microorganism is brought into contact with the liquid to be treated.

As a specific example of the present invention, a synthetic or natural polymer gel carrier such as a photocurable resin or agarose is effective for removing nitrogen or nitrogen components in a liquid to be treated such as ammonia oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. A bioreactor for nitrogen removal, characterized in that a liquid to be treated is brought into contact with one surface of an immobilization carrier on which one or more kinds of microorganisms are immobilized, and an energy source substance of the microorganisms is brought into contact with the other surface. Can be mentioned. In the present invention, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and / or denitrifying bacteria are preferred as microorganisms effective for removing nitrogen or nitrogen components in the liquid to be treated, and even if nitrite oxidizing bacteria or the like are further immobilized on the carrier. Good.

In the present invention, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, the denitrifying bacteria, and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria can be those conventionally known in the field of this type. More specifically, for example, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria include: Nitrosomonas europaea IFO-14298, Nitrosomonas europaea, N. marina , Nitrosococcus oceanus , N. mobilis, Nitrosococcus sp. DA-001 (FERM P-12904) , Nitrosospira briensis, Nitrosolobus multiformis, Nitrosovibrio tenuis, Nitrosovibrio tenuis, and denitrifying bacteria -6892 *, Paracoccus denitrificans *, Alcaligenes eutrophus *, A.faecalis Alcaligenes sp. Ab-A-1, Ab-A-2, GA-2-1 ( FERMP-138
62, P-13860, P-13861 ) Pseudomonas denitrificans, Thiosphaera pantotropha, Thiobacillus denitrificans **, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria include Nitrobacter winogradskyi N. hamburgensis Nitrospina gracilis Nitrococcus mobilis Nitrospira marina . The underlined strain in the above is a strain applicable only to the treatment of seawater, and the other strains are applicable to the treatment of freshwater. N. europaea and N. winogradskyi are available in freshwater and seawater. The strain having the FERM number has been deposited by the Applicant with the Research Institute for Microbial Technology and indicates the deposit number.
Bacteria marked with * are strains that can use hydrogen as an energy source instead of organic substances such as ethanol.
Bacteria marked with ** can only use sulfur as an energy source and can be denitrified using sulfur compounds such as thiosulfate.

[0008] In the present invention, the above strains may be used alone, or homologous or heterologous strains may be combined and immobilized on one carrier. When a microbial reaction system involving nitrite oxidizing bacteria is considered as in the general denitrification method, it is possible to use a mixed microbial system. Can also be fixed. The present invention, in addition to the above-described nitrogen-removing bacteria, as a strain capable of removing or increasing specific components in the liquid to be treated, such as microorganisms such as achromobacter in activated sludge, alkaligenes, and wastewater A microorganism for removing phosphorus therein, an iron bacterium, or the like can be used as it is, or a microorganism that promotes the propagation of these microorganisms can be used.

As a carrier for immobilizing bacteria, a polymer gel used for immobilizing microorganisms and enzymes can be used. Specifically, collagen, fibrin, albumin, casein, cellulose fiber, cellulose triacetate, agar, calcium alginate, carrageenan, natural polymers such as agarose, polyacrylamide, poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylic acid, polyvinyl chloride, Synthetic polymers such as γ-methylpolyglutamic acid, polystyrene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polydimethylacrylamide, polyurethane, photocurable resins (polyvinyl alcohol derivatives, polyethylene glycol derivatives, polypropylene glycol derivatives, polybutadiene derivatives, etc.), or composites thereof Is mentioned. Among these carriers, a gel having a low strength such as a natural polymer may be used by using an appropriate support or by sandwiching it between porous membranes. The shape of the immobilized carrier in the bioreactor can be a tube shape, a plate shape, a film shape, or the like, or a molded product having a specific shape.

The present invention is particularly applicable to a method for immobilizing microorganisms such as ammonium oxidizing bacteria and / or denitrifying bacteria on a polymer gel carrier such as a photo-curable resin which has its own strength, and for removing nitrogen formed in a tube shape. Bioreactors are preferred.
A liquid such as methanol or ethanol or a gas such as hydrogen gas is allowed to flow through the hollow portion of the bacteria-immobilized carrier thus formed into a tube so that a substance serving as an energy source of the immobilized bacteria can be supplied. It was done. The number of tubes of the immobilization carrier does not need to be one, and the tube of the immobilization carrier carrying the ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the tube of the carrier immobilizing the denitrifying bacteria may be arranged alternately in the treatment tank. A plurality of carriers on which both bacteria are immobilized may be arranged. The tube need not be straight but may be curved or spiral.

In the above-described apparatus, the carrier itself is formed into a tube shape. However, the present invention further provides an ammonia oxidizing bacterium and / or desorbing agent on an open surface of a container having an open surface such as a gutter shape. A layer of an immobilization carrier on which nitrifying bacteria and the like are immobilized may be formed, and a liquid or gas such as an ethanol solution or hydrogen gas may be allowed to flow through a space on the back surface of the immobilization carrier layer. In this case, the container is not limited to a gutter-shaped one, and the immobilization carrier is formed into a shape obtained by dividing the tube into two along the axis thereof, and one surface is covered with a glass plate, a plastic plate, a plastic film, or the like. The inside of the container is partitioned by a number of immobilized carriers molded into a plate shape, an ethanol solution is passed between the immobilized carriers, and the liquid to be treated is passed between the immobilized carriers. Various shapes may be used. It is preferable that the surface of the immobilized carrier be larger in contact with the liquid to be treated.

The thickness of the immobilized carrier is not particularly limited, and can be arbitrarily selected according to the properties of the liquid to be treated and the required strength within a range in which the denitrification reaction is efficiently performed. Usually, a thickness of about 0.5 to 10 mm, particularly about 1 mm is preferable. The amount of bacteria immobilized on the carrier and the ratio between ammonia oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are arbitrarily set depending on the liquid to be treated such as wastewater to be treated. As an energy source substance of the immobilization carrier, an organic substance such as glucose, a waste liquid containing an organic substance, and the like can be used in addition to the above-mentioned alcohol solution such as methanol and ethanol, hydrogen gas, and the like. Alternatively, an autotrophic sulfur oxidizing bacterium can be used as an energy source for sulfur or a sulfur compound solution. The energy source substance may be diluted with an appropriate medium depending on the properties of the immobilization carrier before use. When supplying the energy source material, these liquids or gases may be subjected to temperature adjustment such as heating or cooling as necessary. The replenishment of the energy source material may be carried out from outside the system in a circulating manner, or may be carried out in a batch manner in which the required amount is filled in a closed space on one side of the immobilized carrier.

[0013]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to experimental examples and examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Experimental Example 1) Test strain and its culture Nitrosomonas europ as nitrifying bacteria (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria)
aea IFO-14298, Paracoccus denitrifica as denitrifying bacteria
ns JCM-6892 was used. For culture, N. europaea is IFO Me
dium List No.240, P.denitrificans JCM Medium List
A liquid medium based on No. 22 (Nutrient agar No. 2) was used. Table 1 shows the composition of the medium. After culturing at 30 ° C. with shaking (110 rpm), the cells are collected by centrifugation, and phosphate buffer (9 g / l Na ₂ HPO ₄ .12H ₂ O, 1.5 g / l KH ₂ PO ₄ , pH
Washed 3 times according to 7.5). The washed cells were 8 mg dry wt./ml for N. europaea and 33 mg dry wt./ml for P. denitrificans.
Each was suspended in a phosphate buffer solution to a volume of ml.

[0015]

[Table 1] * 1: Phenol Red (phenol red) was added to IFO medium No. 240 as a pH indicator, and the pH was adjusted by appropriately adding Na ₂ CO ₃ instead of CaCO ₃ . * 2: Agar was removed from JCM medium No. 22 and used as a liquid medium.

2) Immobilization method The above N. europaea bacterial suspension 1 was mixed with 9 ml of the photocurable resin PVA-SbQ (SPP-H-13, manufactured by Toyo Gosei Kogyo).
ml and 2 ml of a P. denitrificans cell suspension were mixed and immobilized. When immobilizing N.europaea alone, use P.denitrif
2 ml of phosphate buffer was added in place of the icans suspension. The mixed solution of the cells and the resin is irradiated with light under a metal halogen lamp for 1 hour using a plastic petri dish and a glass tube containing a glass rod as a mold, thereby forming a film-shaped immobilized carrier (diameter 5 cm, thickness 5 mm). And a tubular immobilized carrier (outer diameter 12 mm, inner diameter 5 mm, length 125 mm).
In order to supply the ethanol solution into the inside of the carrier, a silicone tube having an outer diameter of 4 mm and an inner diameter of 2 mm was bonded to the front and back of the tubular immobilized carrier using a photocurable resin.

3) Experiment 1: Denitrification experiment using a membrane-shaped immobilized carrier A membrane-shaped immobilized carrier produced by embedding N. europaea alone and N. europaea and P. denitrificans were simultaneously encapsulated. The nitrification and denitrification rates of the embedded film-like immobilized carrier were measured. FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus. In the figure, 1 indicates an experimental tank, 2 indicates a water bath (water bath) for keeping the experimental tank 1 warm, and 3 indicates a culture medium. The test film-shaped immobilization carrier 10 was formed without a fixing frame 9 or a fixture 9 such as a petri dish, and was immersed in the medium 3. The culture medium 3 is aerated by blowing air from an air stone 5 by an air pump 4 and agitated by a stirrer 7. Reference numeral 6 denotes a pipe, and 8 denotes a stirring blade. The experiment was performed at 30 ° C., and aeration (100 ml / min) and stirring by the stirrer 7 (300 rpm) were performed simultaneously. Experimental medium 3 was prepared by adding 0.2 gN / 1 (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ , 0.2 g / l Mg
SO ₄・ 7H ₂ O, trace element solution (ZnSO ₄ 10
_{0mg / l, MnCl 2 30mg /} l, H 3 BO 3 300mg / l, CoCl 2 · 6H 2 O 200
mg / l, CuCl ₂・ 2H ₂ O 10mg / 1, NiCl ₂・ 6H ₂ O 20mg / l, Na ₂ MoO ₄
・ 2H ₂ O 30mg / l) Using 200ml solution with 1ml / l added,
The concentrations of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in the medium were measured over time. In addition, ethanol was added for denitrification for the immobilized carrier in which N. europaea and P. denitrificans were simultaneously embedded. The method of adding ethanol is 99.5% in the experimental medium.
A method of directly adding 0.5 ml of ethanol (final concentration 0.25%) and a method of adding 0.125 ml (4%) of 99.5% ethanol every 24 hours to 5 ml of a phosphate buffer injected on the back side of the immobilized carrier (gap between the Petri dish). (A total addition amount of 0.5 ml per day).

4) Experiment 2: Denitrification Experiment Using Tubular Immobilized Carrier The nitrification and denitrification rates of the tubular immobilized carrier in which N. europaea and P. denitrificans were simultaneously embedded were measured. FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 11 denotes a tubular immobilization carrier, 11a denotes a silicone tube adhered to both ends of the tubular immobilization carrier 11, 12 denotes an ethanol solution, 13 denotes a circulating pump, 14 denotes a pipe, and others denote FIG. The same reference numerals are used for the same components. The experiment was performed at 30 ° C, and the aeration and stirrer 7 were used.
Was performed in the same manner as in the case of the film-like immobilized carrier. Experimental medium 3 was added to the above phosphate buffer at 0.1 gN / 1.
_{(NH 4) 2 SO 4,} 0.2 g / l MgSO 4 · 7H 2 O, trace elements (trace el
ement) The concentration of ammonia, nitrite, nitric acid and TOC in the medium was measured over time using a 200 ml solution to which 1 ml / l of the solution was added. Note that, inside the tubular immobilized carrier 11, 9
Pump 13 was set (5 ml / h) to circulate 10 ml of phosphate buffer (final concentration of ethanol 0.5% and 1.0%) to which 0.05 ml and 0.1 ml of 9.5% ethanol were added. In addition, the generated gas was collected and analyzed.

5) Analytical method The concentrations of ammonia and nitrite in the medium solution were measured by indophenol blue absorption spectrophotometry and naphthylamine absorption photometry, respectively. Nitric acid concentration is ion chromatoanalyzer (IC-500P, manufactured by Yokogawa Denki), TOC concentration is combustion-
An infrared total organic carbon analyzer (TOC-500, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and the composition of the generated gas were analyzed by a gas chromatograph with a PID detector (G-3000, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).

Results 1) Denitrification by a film-like immobilized carrier In order to confirm that nitrification and denitrification reactions occur simultaneously,
A membrane-shaped immobilized carrier in which europaea is embedded, or N. europaea
The rates of nitrification and denitrification of the membrane-like co-immobilized carrier containing P. denitrificans and P. denitrificans were simultaneously measured. In the immobilized carrier in which N. europaea was embedded, the ammonia concentration in the experimental medium 3 decreased over time, and the nitrite concentration increased (FIG. 3A). On the other hand, in the immobilized carrier in which N. europaea and P. denitrificans were simultaneously embedded, the ammonia concentration in the experimental medium decreased with the passage of time, but the nitrite concentration increased slightly after the second day, but the experiment was terminated. Sometimes decreased (FIG. 3B). This tendency was the same even when the method of supplying ethanol was changed (FIG. 3C). Nitric acid was not detected in any of the experimental media. In addition, the nitrification rate (NH ₄ → NO ₂ ) and the denitrification rate (NO ₂ → N ₂ ) calculated from the ammonia and nitrite concentrations in the experimental medium 13.5 hours after the start of the experiment on each immobilized carrier are also shown. It is shown in FIG. The nitrification rate was higher in the immobilized carrier in which N. europaea and P. denitrificans were simultaneously embedded than in the immobilized carrier in which N. europaea was embedded alone. Also, N.europaea
No differences were observed between the nitrification rate and the denitrification rate when ethanol was added to the experimental medium or when it was injected between the immobilized carrier and the petri dish in the immobilized carrier in which P. denitrificans and P. denitrificans were simultaneously embedded.

[0021]

[Table 2] The nitrification rate and denitrification rate were calculated from the inorganic nitrogen concentration in the medium after 13.5 hours. * 1: 0.25% (V / V) ethanol was directly added to the medium. * 2: A 2.5% (V / V) ethanol solution was added to the surface opposite to the medium.

2) Denitrification by Tubular Immobilized Carrier In a tubular immobilized carrier in which N. europaea and P. denitrificans were simultaneously embedded, an ethanol solution was circulated in the tube to perform a denitrification experiment. As in the case of the membrane-like immobilized carrier, the ammonia concentration in the experimental medium decreased with time. The nitrite concentration increased slightly after the second day, but disappeared with the ammonia at the end of the experiment (FIG. 4). Nitric acid was not detected in the experimental medium. The TOC concentration in the experimental medium increased from the start of the experiment and reached 58 mg-C / l at the end of the experiment. However, when the ethanol concentration was reduced to 0.5%, the activity did not change, and the TOC concentration was 40 mg · C / l at the start of the experiment, but did not increase any more (FIG. 5). Gas generation due to the denitrification reaction was observed only in the tube. The collected gas was nitrogen, and no intermediate product of the denitrification reaction such as nitrous oxide was detected.

As can be seen from the above experimental results, N. euro
It was shown that by simultaneously immobilizing paea and P. denitrificans, nitrification and denitrification reactions occurred simultaneously and nitrification activity was improved as compared with the case of N. europaea alone (FIG. 3, Table 2). It is known that P. denitrificans has no denitrification activity under aerobic conditions. However,
In the bioreactor of the present invention, nitrification and denitrification reactions occurred simultaneously because the supply of oxygen to the inside of the resin as a carrier was restricted, and N. europaea consumed oxygen, so that the anaerobic reaction required for the denitrification reaction occurred. It is considered that a target site was generated. Improvement of nitrification activity by simultaneous immobilization is described in N.
N. nitrite, a reaction product of europaea, was simultaneously immobilized on P.
It is thought that it is quickly removed by denitrification by denitrificans.

In the above experiment, a method of supplying ethanol to the denitrifying bacteria together with the simultaneous immobilization of the ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the denitrifying bacteria was examined, and the ethanol was supplied from the surface opposite to the surface of the immobilizing carrier in contact with the experimental medium. It can be seen that this is also possible (Table 2). In addition, by making the immobilized carrier into a tube shape, denitrification became possible by continuous supply of ethanol (FIG. 4). The ethanol supply method of the present invention can directly supply a high concentration of ethanol to the denitrifying bacteria in the immobilized carrier and consumes the ethanol in the carrier, as compared with the conventional method of directly adding the treated water to the treated water. Therefore, the step of removing the ethanol remaining in the treated water, which has been conventionally performed, can be omitted.

The amount of ethanol used in the above experiment corresponds to a case where ethanol is directly added to wastewater at a concentration of 0.025%, and low-concentration ethanol can be used efficiently. In addition, the TOC concentration in the experimental medium increased at the start of the experiment, but did not increase any more (FIG. 5). It is considered that the reason for this is that immediately after the immobilization, the denitrifying bacteria in the carrier consumed less ethanol until the organic matter brought in was consumed and leaked into the treated water. Therefore, T
The accumulation of OC can be prevented by studying the ethanol concentration and stabilizing the immobilized carrier.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of another experimental example of the present invention, in which hydrogen gas is used instead of ethanol as an energy source. FIG. 6A is a result of examining the removal of nitrate nitrogen in the case of using a tubular immobilized carrier in which only denitrifying bacteria were immobilized in the above experiment and supplying nitrogen gas instead of an ethanol solution in a tube of the carrier. In this case, the amount of nitric acid decreases due to the organic matter remaining in the cells at the time of immobilization, but does not decrease thereafter. On the other hand, when hydrogen gas was supplied instead of nitrogen gas as shown in FIG. 6B, the amount of nitrate nitrogen decreased over time. When hydrogen is used as the energy source for the cells, unlike when using organic substances such as alcohol,
Since it has little effect on the human body, it can be used for treatment of drinking water used as drinking water, treatment of groundwater, and the like. Further, since there is no need to dissolve in water without leakage of hydrogen gas, it is effective in terms of safety and cost.

As can be seen from the above results, according to the bioreactor of the present invention, any energy source material such as hydrogen gas and sulfur compounds can be used as the energy source of the cells in addition to alcohol. When hydrogen is used as the energy source material, a gas is unnecessarily removed from the processing system by a method such as forming an immobilized carrier layer on an outer peripheral surface of the plastic tube using a hydrogen gas-permeable plastic tube or the like. It is advisable to use means such as preventing leakage. From these results, the tubular immobilized carrier of the present invention is extremely effective for reducing the size of the system and increasing the efficiency because the integration of the nitrification tank and the denitrification tank and the re-aeration tank are not required as well as the processing cost is reduced. is there.

In the above experimental examples, a straight tubular immobilized carrier was shown, but some of the applications of the bioreactor of the present invention will be described below. Example 1 FIG. 7 shows that a large number of bacteria-immobilized carriers 21 formed in a tube shape are held by a support frame 22, and a passage in the tube-shaped carriers 21.
The energy source material A is supplied to 21a. It has a structure similar to that of a boiler or the like, and uses an energy source material A instead of the heat medium of the boiler, and can be used as a liquid to be treated outside the tube. In this case, the liquid to be treated may be flowed into the tube, and the outside of the tube may be used as the energy source material A. It should be noted that a hollow plate-shaped carrier can be similarly fixed to the support frame and used instead of the tubular immobilized carrier. Example 2 FIG. 8 shows an example in which the tubular immobilized carrier 21 is formed into a spiral shape. It can be used similarly to the first embodiment.

Embodiment 3 FIG. 9 shows an example in which a large number of tubular immobilization carriers 21 having one end closed are held on a support frame 22. Example 4 FIG. 10 shows that a number of plate-shaped immobilization carriers 20 are arranged in parallel at appropriate intervals, and the energy source material A and the liquid to be treated B are alternately passed between the plate-shaped carriers 20. It is an example of things. In this case, the intervals between the carriers 20 do not need to be all the same, and may be set arbitrarily, such as making the passage of the energy source material A wider and narrowing the liquid B side to be treated.

Embodiment 5 FIG. 11 shows a pipe 23 inside a pipe 23 such as a waste liquid treatment pipe.
Immobilized carrier 20 in the form of a plate so as to be bisected in the diameter direction of
In this example, the energy source material A flows on one side of the carrier 20 and the liquid B to be processed flows on the other side. Also in the case of this example, similarly to the fourth embodiment, the passage on one side may be widened and the other side may be narrowed.

[0031]

According to the bioreactor of the present invention, the balance of the numbers of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the immobilized carrier, the ratio of the aerobic and anaerobic portions in the immobilized carrier, the bacterial concentration and the immobilized carrier layer By appropriately selecting and setting the thickness of, for example, the thickness of the tube in the case of a tubular immobilized carrier, wastewater and the like can be treated more efficiently. When the bioreactor of the present invention is used as a continuous treatment tank, treatment conditions such as the residence time in the treatment tank, the concentration of the circulating energy source substance, and the amount of aeration in the treatment tank are appropriately selected in the same manner as described above. By setting as such, wastewater and the like can be treated more efficiently. In addition, a thin resin layer that does not inhibit bacterial activity is formed on at least the surface of the immobilization carrier that contacts the liquid to be treated, such as drainage, in order to prevent leakage of bacteria from the immobilization carrier and to provide strength. May be.

When the immobilized carrier is formed into a film, a sheet or a tube, an appropriate frame made of metal or plastic, such as a lattice or honeycomb frame, may be used in addition to the immobilized carrier. A predetermined size can be obtained by forming in the gap of. Although the present invention has been described mainly on the removal of nitrogen from the liquid to be treated, the components in the liquid to be treated can be removed without being affected by the energy source material by using a similar bioreactor using various microorganisms. In addition to the use of microorganisms that release substances necessary for the growth of specific microorganisms in the liquid to be treated, it is also possible to grow specific microorganisms and increase specific components in the liquid to be treated. it can.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an experimental device for a film-like immobilized carrier.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an experimental device for a tubular immobilized carrier.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effects of treating a membrane-shaped immobilization carrier with ammonia and nitrite.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effects of treating a tubular immobilized carrier with ammonia and nitrite.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the TOC concentration in the experimental medium.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the nitrate nitrogen removal effect of a tubular immobilization carrier when hydrogen gas is used as an energy source.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing an example of the bioreactor of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a side view showing an example of use of a tubular immobilized carrier.

FIG. 9 is a side view showing another example of use of the tubular immobilized carrier.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of use of a flat immobilized carrier.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing another example of use of the flat immobilized carrier.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Experimental tank 2 Water bath 3 Experimental medium 4 Air pump 5 Air stone 7 Stirrer 8 Stirrer blade 10 Membrane immobilization support 11 Tubular immobilization support 11a Silicone tube 12 Ethanol solution 13 Circulation pump 20 Flat immobilization support 21 Tubular immobilization Carrier 22 support frame 23 tube

Claims (13)

(57) [Claims] Claims: 1. Encloses microorganisms such as synthetic polymers and natural polymers.
A microorganism that is effective for removing a target component in the liquid to be treated and a substance produced by the microorganism are oxidized or converted into a buried carrier.
Bioreactor, characterized in that the source is microorganisms so as to contact the energy source material of the microorganism on the other surface is brought into contact with the liquid to be treated on one surface of one or more kinds on immobilizes the immobilization carrier, respectively . 2. A microorganism effective for removing a target component from a carrier such as a synthetic polymer or a natural polymer is effective for removing nitrogen or a nitrogen component in a liquid to be treated such as ammonia oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Two or more kinds of microorganisms are immobilized, and a liquid to be treated is brought into contact with one surface of the immobilized carrier, and an energy source substance of the microorganism is brought into contact with the other surface to remove nitrogen or a nitrogen component. The bioreactor according to claim 1. 3. A liquid to be treated is brought into contact with one surface of an immobilization carrier on which ammonium oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are immobilized as microorganisms effective for removing nitrogen or nitrogen components, and the other surface is brought into contact with a cell energy source material. The bioreactor according to claim 2, wherein: 4. The bioreactor according to claim 2, wherein nitrite oxidizing bacteria are further immobilized. 5. The method according to claim 5, wherein the ammonia oxidizing bacterium is Nitrosomo.
nas europaea IFO-14298, denitrifying bacteria Paracoccus denitrifican
s JCM-6892.
The described bioreactor. 6. The carrier is a natural polymer such as collagen, fibrin, albumin, casein, cellulose fiber, agar, agarose, polyacrylamide, or poly-2.
4. A synthetic polymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylic acid, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyurethane, a photocurable resin (polyvinyl alcohol derivative, polyethylene glycol derivative, etc.), or a complex thereof. A bioreactor according to any one of the preceding claims. 7. The bioreactor according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the immobilized carrier is a tube shape, a plate shape, or a film shape. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein a liquid or gaseous energy source material such as ethanol or hydrogen gas is allowed to flow through the hollow portion of the tube-shaped bacteria-immobilized carrier. Bioreactor for nitrogen removal. 9. An open surface of a container, such as a box or a trough, having an open surface, containing microorganisms such as synthetic polymers and natural polymers.
A microorganism that is effective for removing a target component in the liquid to be treated and a substance produced by the microorganism are oxidized or converted into a buried carrier.
Forming a layer of immobilization pellets based on microorganisms was Joka on one or two or more kinds solid respectively, ethanol space in the container on the back surface of the layer of the immobilization carrier, liquid or gaseous such as hydrogen gas A bioreactor characterized in that an energy source material is distributed. 10. The inside of a sectioned body such as a box or a cylinder,
Synthetic polymers, or natural polymers such as microbial carriers that may be embedded such as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria pairs and turned by a valid microorganisms such as removal of a particular component in the liquid to be treated, respectively 1 or 2 partition into two or more with a layer of immobilized carrier obtained by the immobilization or more kinds, circulating the energy source material in the cells into the side of the other by flowing liquid to be treated on one side of the layer of the immobilization support A bioreactor characterized in that: 11. A microorganism such as a synthetic polymer or a natural polymer.
The material object effective in removing such components to microorganisms and microorganism produced by a liquid to be processed to a carrier that may be embedded oxide or
Reducing respectively on one or two or more kinds solid a microorganism Teikashi, a liquid to be processed which comprises contacting an energy source substance of the microorganism on the other surface is brought into contact with the liquid to be treated on one surface of the immobilizing carrier Of specific components. 12. synthetic polymers, nitrogen or nitrogen component of paired ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria such as effective microorganisms such as removal of the component of interest on a carrier natural polymer such as a liquid to be processed each one or more kinds on a solid Teikashi effective microbial removal, of the liquid to be treated a liquid to be processed by contacting an energy source substance of the microorganism on the other surface is contacted to one surface of the immobilizing carrier The processing method according to claim 11, wherein nitrogen is removed. 13. The treatment method according to claim 11, wherein the energy source substance of the microorganism contacting the other surface of the immobilized carrier is heated or cooled to a desired temperature and brought into contact therewith.