JP2863290B2 - Edge extraction device - Google Patents
Edge extraction deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2863290B2 JP2863290B2 JP2249290A JP24929090A JP2863290B2 JP 2863290 B2 JP2863290 B2 JP 2863290B2 JP 2249290 A JP2249290 A JP 2249290A JP 24929090 A JP24929090 A JP 24929090A JP 2863290 B2 JP2863290 B2 JP 2863290B2
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- photoreceptor cell
- cell array
- photoreceptor
- target image
- edge
- Prior art date
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- Image Analysis (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 [産業上の利用分野] 本発明はエッジ抽出装置に関する。この装置は人工視
覚装置に利用できる。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an edge extracting device. This device can be used for an artificial vision device.
[従来の技術] 対象画像のエッジを抽出する方法として、「対象物の
像を対象画像として拡散面上に結像させ、拡散面に近接
対向させて配備した視細胞素子アレイの個々の視細胞素
子からの出力の有無によりエッジ抽出を行う」方法が提
案されている。[Related Art] As a method of extracting an edge of a target image, an image of an object is formed as a target image on a diffusion surface, and individual photoreceptors of a photoreceptor cell array arranged in close proximity to the diffusion surface are arranged. Edge extraction based on the presence / absence of an output from an element "has been proposed.
本発明はこのようなエッジ抽出方式に関連するので以
下に、上記エッジ抽出方式に就き簡単に説明する。Since the present invention relates to such an edge extraction method, the following briefly describes the edge extraction method.
第2図(a)を参照すると、図に於いて符号2は拡散
面部材を示している。拡散面部材2は薄い板状であって
図で下方に向いた面は拡散面2Aとなっている。具体的に
はこの拡散面部材としては例えば摺りガラスを利用でき
る。Referring to FIG. 2 (a), reference numeral 2 in the drawing indicates a diffusion surface member. The diffusion surface member 2 has a thin plate shape, and a surface facing downward in the figure is a diffusion surface 2A. Specifically, for example, frosted glass can be used as the diffusion surface member.
第2図(a)に於いて符号3は中心受光素子、符号4
は周辺受光素子を示す。中心受光素子3はこの図の例で
は円形状であり、周辺受光素子4は円環形状であって中
心受光素子3に対して同心円をなすように配備されてい
る。中心受光素子3と周辺受光素子4とは対となって視
細胞素子を構成する。In FIG. 2A, reference numeral 3 is a central light receiving element, and reference numeral 4 is
Indicates a peripheral light receiving element. The center light receiving element 3 has a circular shape in the example of this figure, and the peripheral light receiving element 4 has an annular shape and is arranged so as to form a concentric circle with the center light receiving element 3. The center light receiving element 3 and the peripheral light receiving element 4 form a pair to form a photoreceptor cell element.
なお視細胞素子は、例えば9個の正方形の受光素子を
密接して3行3列に配列し、中心の1個を中心受光素
子、その周囲の8個の受光素子を周辺受光素子とするな
ど種々の形態が可能である。The photoreceptor elements are, for example, nine square light receiving elements arranged closely in three rows and three columns, with one at the center serving as a central light receiving element and eight surrounding light receiving elements serving as peripheral light receiving elements. Various configurations are possible.
中心受光素子3の出力は増幅器5により増幅されるよ
うになっており、周辺受光素子4の出力は増幅器6によ
り増幅されるようになっている。The output of the central light receiving element 3 is amplified by the amplifier 5, and the output of the peripheral light receiving element 4 is amplified by the amplifier 6.
増幅器5,6の出力は演算器7により差分演算される。
増幅器5,6及び演算器7は、中心受光素子3と周辺受光
素子4とにより構成された視細胞素子に連なる視神経素
子とでも呼ぶべきものを構成する。The outputs of the amplifiers 5 and 6 are subjected to a difference calculation by a calculator 7.
The amplifiers 5 and 6 and the arithmetic unit 7 constitute what should be called an optic nerve element connected to the photoreceptor cell constituted by the central light receiving element 3 and the peripheral light receiving element 4.
このように視細胞素子とこの視細胞素子に連なる視神
経素子とを1単位とし、視細胞素子を2次元的に密接し
て配列したものを視細胞素子アレイと称する。第2図
(a)で符号9は視細胞素子アレイの視細胞素子配列面
を示している。拡散面部材2はその拡散面2Aを視細胞素
子配列面9に近接対向させて配備される。The visual cell element and the optic nerve element connected to the visual cell element as one unit, and the visual cell elements arranged two-dimensionally in close contact are referred to as a visual cell element array. In FIG. 2A, reference numeral 9 denotes a photoreceptor cell array surface of the photoreceptor cell array. The diffusion surface member 2 is provided with its diffusion surface 2A closely facing the photoreceptor cell array surface 9.
今、拡散面部材2における拡散面2Aが至る所均一な照
度に照明された状態を考える。増幅器5,6の増幅率はこ
の状態に於いて演算器7の出力が0になるように調整さ
れる。Now, consider a state in which the diffusion surface 2A of the diffusion surface member 2 is illuminated with uniform illuminance everywhere. The amplification factors of the amplifiers 5 and 6 are adjusted so that the output of the arithmetic unit 7 becomes 0 in this state.
図示されない対象物の像は図示されない結像光学系に
より拡散面2A上に対象画像として結像される。すると拡
散面2Aの各部は対象画像の光強度に応じた光を視細胞素
子配列面9に向かって拡散させる。各視細胞素子を構成
する中心受光素子・周辺受光素子は拡散面からの拡散光
を受光すると受光量に応じた信号を出力するが視細胞素
子に連結した演算器から出力が生じるのは、上記視細胞
素子において受光する拡散光強度が視細胞素子内で変化
している場合のみであり、従って視細胞素子アレイに於
いて出力を出している演算器に応じた視細胞素子の集合
を2次元的に捉えると対象画像の輪郭即ち対象画像のエ
ッジが検出できることになる。An image of an object (not shown) is formed as an object image on the diffusion surface 2A by an imaging optical system (not shown). Then, each part of the diffusion surface 2A diffuses light corresponding to the light intensity of the target image toward the photoreceptor cell array surface 9. When the central light receiving element and the peripheral light receiving element constituting each photoreceptor cell receive the diffused light from the diffusing surface, they output a signal corresponding to the amount of received light. This is only when the intensity of the diffused light received by the photoreceptor cell changes within the photoreceptor cell. Therefore, a set of photoreceptor elements according to the computing unit that outputs the light in the photoreceptor cell array is two-dimensional. In other words, the outline of the target image, that is, the edge of the target image can be detected.
視細胞素子アレイに於ける演算器からの出力の特性を
見るために、拡散面上に光を微小なスポットにして結像
させ、このスポットを視細胞素子の中心を通る直線(X
方向とする)に沿って移動させて見ると、スポットのX
座標と視細胞素子の中心・周辺受光素子の出力α,βは
第2図(b)に示すようになる。正確にはα,βは増幅
器により増幅された値であり、演算器の出力がα,βの
差になる所からβにはマイナスの重みを付けて示してあ
る。従って第2図(b)に於いてα+βは演算器の出力
になる。In order to observe the characteristics of the output from the computing unit in the photoreceptor cell array, light is imaged as a minute spot on the diffusion surface, and this spot is formed as a straight line (X
Moving along the direction), the X of the spot
The coordinates and the outputs α and β of the photoreceptor elements at the center and the periphery of the photoreceptor cell are as shown in FIG. 2 (b). To be precise, α and β are values amplified by the amplifier, and β is given a negative weight since the output of the arithmetic unit becomes the difference between α and β. Therefore, in FIG. 2B, α + β is the output of the arithmetic unit.
α,β,α+βの振る舞いは、視細胞素子配列面9と
拡散面2Aとの間隔D0により異なる。即ち、第2図(c)
に示すように間隔D0がより大きくなるとα及びα+βの
山形が緩やかになる。逆に間隔D0が小さく成る程、α及
びα+βの山形がより急峻になることは容易に理解され
るであろう。alpha, beta, behavior of alpha + beta is different by the distance D 0 between the visual cell element array surface 9 diffusing surface 2A. That is, FIG. 2 (c)
Yamagata distance D 0 Gayori larger the alpha and alpha + beta as shown in becomes gentle. Conversely, it will be readily understood that the smaller the distance D 0, the steeper the peaks of α and α + β.
ところで一般に、拡散面上に結像される対象画像は種
々の空間周波数を含んでいる。この場合、第2図(b)
(c)に即して説明したことから、より高い空間周波数
のエッジを抽出するためには、視細胞素子配列面と拡散
面との間隔D0をより小さくすべきであることが直感的に
理解されよう。By the way, in general, a target image formed on a diffusion surface contains various spatial frequencies. In this case, FIG. 2 (b)
From what has been described with reference to (c), in order to extract the edge of the higher spatial frequencies, the distance D 0 between the visual cell element array surface and the diffusion surface it is intuitively that should be smaller Will be understood.
事実、対象画像におけるエッジの空間周波数に対する
エッジ抽出感度は間隔D0に依存して変化し、D0の増大に
伴い低い空間周波数を持つエッジの抽出感度が相対的に
高くなる。第3図はこの事情を示している。視細胞素子
1個の直径をRとし、上記間隔D0を、(1/4)R,(3,4)
R,(5/4)R,2Rと順に大きくしてみると、感度が最大と
なる空間周波数の値は第3図(a)(b)(c)(d)
の順に小さくなっているのが分かる。In fact, the edge extraction sensitivity to spatial frequencies of the edge in the target image changes depending on the distance D 0, extraction sensitivity of the edge having a low spatial frequency with increasing D 0 becomes relatively high. FIG. 3 illustrates this situation. 1 visual cells element pieces of diameter and R, the distance D 0, (1/4) R, (3,4)
When sequentially increasing R, (5/4) R, and 2R, the values of the spatial frequency at which the sensitivity becomes maximum are as shown in FIGS. 3 (a), (b), (c), and (d).
It can be seen that they become smaller in the order of.
[発明が解決しようとする課題] さて、本発明が問題としているのは、上記の如きエッ
ジ抽出方式に於いて抽出すべきエッジの空間周波数が高
い場合である。抽出するべきエッジの空間周波数が高い
場合には前述のように間隔D0を小さくすれば良いが、こ
のようにD0を極めて小さくした場合には、視細胞素子配
列面上における、エッジに対応した光強度の変化が一つ
の視細胞内でのみ生じている状態が出来する。[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention has a problem when the spatial frequency of an edge to be extracted in the edge extraction method as described above is high. Although if the spatial frequency of the to be extracted edges is high may be reduced spacing D 0 As described above, when the thus was very small D 0 is on the visual cell element array surface, corresponding to the edge This results in a state in which the change in light intensity occurs only in one photoreceptor cell.
第4図を参照すると、符号Si-1,Si,Si+1は互いに隣接
する視細胞素子を示している。Referring to FIG. 4, reference numerals S i-1 , S i , and S i + 1 indicate photoreceptor elements adjacent to each other.
図に示すように視細胞素子Siの部分に鋭い、即ち空間
周波数の極めて高いエッジEGがあり、エッジEGの左側は
均一な光強度、右側は暗部として考えてみると視細胞素
子Si-1は均一な光照射を受けるから出力を出さないし、
視細胞素子Si+1は光を受けないから出力を出さない。Sharp in a portion of the photoreceptor cell element S i as shown in the figure, i.e., there is a very high edge EG of the spatial frequency, the left uniform light intensity of the edge EG, a photoreceptor cell element right consider as dark portion S i- 1 does not produce output because it receives uniform light irradiation,
Since the photoreceptor cell element Si + 1 does not receive light, it does not output any light.
また視細胞素子Siでは、エッジ部分が素子を2分して
いるので中心受光素子の出力αと周辺受光素子の出力β
が互いに相殺して出力0もしくは0に近い値になる。演
算器の出力はノイズ除去のためにしきい値処理されるた
め、このような場合0に近い出力は0として表される。
このため第4図の場合、実際には視細胞素子Siの位置に
エッジEGが存在するにも拘らずエッジEGは抽出されな
い。In the photoreceptor cell element Si , the edge portion bisects the element, so that the output α of the central light receiving element and the output β of the peripheral light receiving element
Cancel each other, and the output becomes 0 or a value close to 0. Since the output of the arithmetic unit is subjected to threshold processing for noise removal, an output close to 0 in such a case is represented as 0.
For this reason FIG. 4, in fact despite the edge EG is present at the position of the visual cells element S i is the edge EG is not extracted.
このようにエッジEGの位置に位置しているにも拘ら
ず、エッジを抽出しない視細胞素子を視細胞素子アレイ
に於ける「抜け目」と称する。A photoreceptor element that does not extract an edge in spite of being located at the position of the edge EG in this manner is referred to as a “crosstalk” in the photoreceptor element array.
本発明の目的は、このような「抜け目」を生ずること
なく高空間周波数のエッジを確実に抽出できる新規なエ
ッジ抽出装置の提供にある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a novel edge extracting device capable of reliably extracting an edge having a high spatial frequency without generating such a “strigger”.
[課題を解決するための手段] 本発明のエッジ抽出装置は「対象画像のエッジを抽出
する装置」であって、視細胞素子アレイと拡散面部材と
結像光学系と間隔調整手段と変位手段とを有する。[Means for Solving the Problems] The edge extracting apparatus of the present invention is an "apparatus for extracting edges of a target image", and includes a photoreceptor cell array, a diffusing surface member, an imaging optical system, an interval adjusting means, and a displacement means. And
「視細胞素子アレイ」は、中心受光素子とこれを囲繞
するように設けられ周辺受光素子により構成される「視
細胞素子」と、上記中心・周辺受光素子の出力を所定の
増幅比に増幅する1対の増幅器と、これら増幅器の夫々
の出力に基づき中心受光素子と周辺受光素子の増幅出力
差を演算出力する演算器とを1単位とし、上記視細胞素
子を密接して2次元的に配列してなる。The “photoreceptor cell array” is composed of a central photoreceptor, a “photoreceptor cell” provided to surround the central photoreceptor, and an output of the central / peripheral photoreceptor to a predetermined amplification ratio. A pair of amplifiers and an arithmetic unit for calculating and outputting an amplified output difference between the central light receiving element and the peripheral light receiving element based on the output of each of these amplifiers are defined as one unit, and the photoreceptor elements are closely arranged two-dimensionally. Do it.
視細胞素子や増幅器対、演算器は第2図に即して説明
したようなものを利用できる。増幅器対を構成する2個
の増幅器の一方をその出力が他方の出力の逆極性となる
ような極性反転増幅器とし、演算器を単なる加算器とし
ても良い。As the photoreceptor element, the amplifier pair, and the arithmetic unit, those described with reference to FIG. 2 can be used. One of the two amplifiers constituting the amplifier pair may be a polarity inversion amplifier whose output has the opposite polarity to the other output, and the arithmetic unit may be a simple adder.
「拡散面部材」は、視細胞素子アレイの視細胞素子配
列面に拡散面を近接対向して配備される。The “diffusion surface member” is disposed with the diffusion surface closely opposed to the photoreceptor cell array surface of the photoreceptor cell array.
「結像光学系」は、対象物の像を対象画像として拡散
面部材の拡散面上に結像させる。The “imaging optical system” forms an image of the target object as a target image on the diffusion surface of the diffusion surface member.
「間隔調整手段」は、拡散面部材の拡散面と視細胞ア
レイの視細胞素子配列面との間隔を変化させる。この間
隔調整手段による「拡散面部材の拡散面と視細胞アレイ
の視細胞素子配列面との間隔」の調整により対象画像に
於いて抽出したい空間周波数をもったエッジを選択的に
抽出できる。The “interval adjusting means” changes an interval between the diffusion surface of the diffusion surface member and the photoreceptor cell array surface of the photoreceptor cell array. By adjusting the “distance between the diffusion surface of the diffusion surface member and the photoreceptor cell array surface of the photoreceptor cell array” by the interval adjustment means, an edge having a spatial frequency to be extracted in the target image can be selectively extracted.
「変位手段」は、対象画像と視細胞素子アレイとを視
細胞素子配列面内で視細胞素子の配列ピッチ分だけ直交
2方向へ相対的に変位させる。The “displacer” relatively displaces the target image and the photoreceptor cell array in two orthogonal directions within the photoreceptor cell array plane by the arrangement pitch of the photoreceptor cell elements.
変位手段による「対象画像と視細胞素子アレイとの視
細胞素子配列面内における変位」は、これを振動的に行
っていも良い(請求項2)。The "displacement between the target image and the photoreceptor cell array in the photoreceptor cell array plane" by the displacing means may be performed in an oscillatory manner (claim 2).
また「変位手段による対象画像と視細胞素子アレイと
の相対的な変位」は、「結像光学系を光軸に直交する方
向へ変位させる」ことにより行なっても良いし(請求項
3)、「視細胞素子アレイを視細胞素子配列面方向へ変
位させる」ことにより行なっても良く(請求項4)、
「結像光学系と視細胞素子アレイとを一体として、結像
光学系光軸に直交する方向へ変位させる」ことにより行
なっても良い(請求項5)。The "relative displacement between the target image and the photoreceptor cell array by the displacement means" may be performed by "displacing the imaging optical system in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis" (claim 3). This may be performed by "displacing the photoreceptor cell array in the direction of the photoreceptor cell array plane" (claim 4),
This may be performed by "displacing the imaging optical system and the photoreceptor cell array integrally in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the imaging optical system" (claim 5).
[作用] 第4図に戻って、エッジEGを例えば右方向へ視細胞素
子の配列ピッチ分だけ変位させてみると視細胞素子Siと
Si+1の出力が変化する。従って対象画像と視細胞素子ア
レイの相対変位により出力の変化する視細胞素子位置に
はエッジが存在することになる。従って上記変位を直交
2方向につき行えば第4図に示すような高い空間周波数
のエッジでも確実に抽出可能である。[Operation] Returning to FIG. 4, when the edge EG is displaced, for example, rightward by the arrangement pitch of the photoreceptor cell elements, the photoreceptor cell element S i is displaced.
The output of S i + 1 changes. Therefore, an edge exists at the position of the photoreceptor element where the output changes due to the relative displacement between the target image and the photoreceptor element array. Therefore, if the above displacement is performed in two orthogonal directions, it is possible to reliably extract even a high spatial frequency edge as shown in FIG.
その際、変位は1度だけでも良いが、変位を振動的に
行うと、即ち第4図でエッジの位置を視細胞素子Siの直
径を振幅として行うと、視細胞素子Siに連なる演算器か
ら振動的な出力を時間的に継続して取り出すことができ
以後の情報処理に好都合である。この場合、相対的な変
位は以後の情報処理時間に比して十分に短い時間で出力
振動が起こるように十分な高周波数で行うようにする。At that time, although the displacement may be only once, when the displaced oscillatory, i.e. performs the cell diameter element S i viewing the position of the edge as the amplitude in Figure 4, operations leading to the visual cell element S i The vibratory output can be continuously taken out from the container in time, which is convenient for the subsequent information processing. In this case, the relative displacement is performed at a sufficiently high frequency so that the output vibration occurs in a sufficiently short time as compared with the subsequent information processing time.
[実施例] 以下、具体的な実施例を3例挙げる。[Examples] Hereinafter, three specific examples will be given.
第1図(a)は請求項3の装置の実施例を示す。 FIG. 1 (a) shows an embodiment of the device according to claim 3.
符号2は第2図に於けると同じく拡散面部材、符号8
は視細胞素子アレイを示す。符号9は視細胞素子配列面
を示す。Reference numeral 2 denotes a diffusion surface member as in FIG.
Indicates a photoreceptor cell array. Reference numeral 9 denotes a photoreceptor cell array surface.
また符号11は視細胞素子アレイの1単位を構成する視
細胞素子と増幅器対と演算器の組み合わせを示す。これ
らは第2図に即して説明したのと同様のものである。Reference numeral 11 denotes a combination of a photoreceptor element, an amplifier pair, and a computing unit that constitute one unit of the photoreceptor cell array. These are the same as those described with reference to FIG.
拡散面部材2の拡散面2Aと視細胞素子配列面9との対
向間隔は間隔調整手段15により拡散面部材2を図の左右
方向へ移動させることにより調整できるようになってい
る。The distance between the diffusing surface 2A of the diffusing surface member 2 and the photoreceptor cell array surface 9 can be adjusted by moving the diffusing surface member 2 in the left and right directions in the figure by the distance adjusting means 15.
符号13で示す結像光学系は、対象物12の像を対象画像
として拡散面2A上に結像する。The imaging optical system denoted by reference numeral 13 forms an image of the object 12 on the diffusion surface 2A as an object image.
符号16は変位手段を示す。変位手段16は、抽出すべき
エッジの空間周波数が高い場合(このとき間隔調整手段
15は拡散面2Aと視細胞素子配列面の間隔を十分に小さく
設定する)に、結像光学系13を図の上下方向及び図面に
直交する方向へ視細胞素子の配列ピッチを振幅として振
動的に変位させる。これにより振動的な出力を出す視細
胞素子の配列集合として対象画像のエッジを抽出でき
る。Reference numeral 16 denotes a displacement means. When the spatial frequency of the edge to be extracted is high (at this time, the distance adjusting means
15 sets the distance between the diffusing surface 2A and the photoreceptor cell array surface to be sufficiently small), and causes the imaging optical system 13 to vibrate in the vertical direction of the drawing and the direction perpendicular to the drawing with the arrangement pitch of the photoreceptor device as the amplitude. To be displaced. As a result, the edge of the target image can be extracted as an array of photoreceptor elements that output an oscillating output.
第1図(b)は請求項4の装置の実施例を示す。 FIG. 1 (b) shows an embodiment of the apparatus according to claim 4.
煩雑を避けるため、混同の恐れがないと思われるもの
に就いては第1図(a)に於けると同一の符号を用い
た。In order to avoid complication, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 (a) are used for those which do not seem to be confused.
第1図(b)の実施例では符号17が変位手段を示す。
変位手段17は、抽出すべきエッジの空間周波数が高い場
合に、視細胞素子アレイ8を図の上下方向及び図面に直
交する方向へ視細胞素子の配列ピッチを振幅として振動
的に変位させる。これにより振動的な出力を出す視細胞
素子の配列集合として対象画像のエッジを抽出できる。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1B, reference numeral 17 denotes a displacement means.
When the spatial frequency of the edge to be extracted is high, the displacement means 17 vibrates the photoreceptor cell array 8 in an up-down direction in the drawing and a direction perpendicular to the drawing, using the arrangement pitch of the photoreceptor cells as an amplitude. As a result, the edge of the target image can be extracted as an array of photoreceptor elements that output an oscillating output.
第1図(c)は請求項5の装置の実施例を示す。 FIG. 1 (c) shows an embodiment of the apparatus according to claim 5.
この図に於いても混同の恐れがないと思われるものに
就いては第1図(a]に於けると同一の符号を用いた。In this figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 (a) are used for those which do not seem to be confused.
第1図(c)の実施例では符号18が変位手段を示す。
変位手段18は、抽出すべきエッジの空間周波数が高い場
合に、結像光学系13と視細胞素子アレイ8とを一体とし
て図の上下方向及び図面に直交する方向へ視細胞素子の
配列ピッチを振幅として振動的に変位させる。これによ
り振動的な出力を出す視細胞素子の配列集合として対象
画像のエッジを抽出できる。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1C, reference numeral 18 denotes a displacement means.
When the spatial frequency of the edge to be extracted is high, the displacement unit 18 integrates the imaging optical system 13 and the photoreceptor cell array 8 and vertically orients the array pitch of the photoreceptor elements in a direction perpendicular to the drawing. Vibrationally displaces as amplitude. As a result, the edge of the target image can be extracted as an array of photoreceptor elements that output an oscillating output.
[発明の効果] 以上、本発明によれば新規なエッジ抽出装置を提供で
きる。この装置は上記の如き構成となっているから、従
来のエッジ抽出装置に於いて問題となっていた「抜け
目」を生ずることなく対象画像のエッジを抽出すること
が可能である。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, a novel edge extraction device can be provided. Since this device is configured as described above, it is possible to extract the edge of the target image without causing "crossing" which is a problem in the conventional edge extracting device.
なお本発明の実施において、対象画像と視細胞素子ア
レイとを視細胞素子配列面内で視細胞素子の配列ピッチ
分だけ直交2方向へ相対的に変位させる場合、変位が1
度限りであると振動的であるとを問わず、「配列ピッチ
分」とは厳密に配列ピッチに等しい変位である必要はな
く、変位は実質的に配列ピッチに等しければ良い。即ち
配列ピッチ分は「配列ピッチ程度」という意味である。In the practice of the present invention, when the target image and the photoreceptor cell array are relatively displaced in the two orthogonal directions by the array pitch of the photoreceptor elements in the photoreceptor cell array plane, the displacement is 1
Regardless of whether the vibration is limited or not, the “arrangement pitch” does not need to be a displacement strictly equal to the arrangement pitch, and it is sufficient that the displacement is substantially equal to the arrangement pitch. That is, the arrangement pitch means “about the arrangement pitch”.
第1図は本発明の実施例を説明するための図、第2図お
よび第3図は従来技術を説明するための図、第4図は本
発明の課題を説明するための図である。 2……拡散面部材、8……視細胞素子アレイ、12……対
象物、13……結像光学系、16,17,18……変位手段FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining a conventional technique, and FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a problem of the present invention. 2 ... diffusion surface member, 8 ... photoreceptor cell array, 12 ... object, 13 ... imaging optical system, 16, 17, 18 ... displacement means
Claims (5)
て、 中心受光素子とこれを囲繞するように設けられた周辺受
光素子により構成される視細胞素子と、上記中心・周辺
受光素子の出力を所定の増幅比に増幅する1対の増幅器
と、これら増幅器の夫々の出力に基づき中心受光素子と
周辺受光素子の増幅出力差を演算出力する演算器とを1
単位とし、上記視細胞素子を密接して2次元的に配列し
てなる視細胞素子アレイと、 この視細胞素子アレイの視細胞素子配列面に拡散面を近
接対向して配備される拡散面部材と、 対象物の像を対象画像として上記拡散面部材の拡散面上
に結像させる結像光学系と、 上記拡散面部材の拡散面と上記視細胞アレイの視細胞素
子配列面との間隔を変化させる間隔調整手段と、 上記対象画像と視細胞素子アレイとを視細胞素子配列面
内で視細胞素子の配列ピッチ分だけ直交2方向へ相対的
に変位させる変位手段とを有することを特徴とするエッ
ジ抽出装置。1. An apparatus for extracting an edge of a target image, comprising: a photoreceptor element comprising a central light receiving element and a peripheral light receiving element surrounding the central light receiving element; A pair of amplifiers for amplifying the amplified output to a predetermined amplification ratio, and an arithmetic unit for calculating and outputting the amplified output difference between the central light receiving element and the peripheral light receiving element based on the output of each of these amplifiers.
A photoreceptor cell array in which the photoreceptor cell elements are closely arranged two-dimensionally as a unit, and a diffusion surface member provided with a diffusion surface close to and facing the photoreceptor cell array surface of the photoreceptor cell array. An imaging optical system that forms an image of a target object as a target image on the diffusion surface of the diffusion surface member, and sets an interval between the diffusion surface of the diffusion surface member and the photoreceptor cell array surface of the photoreceptor cell array. An interval adjusting means for changing, and displacing means for relatively displacing the target image and the photoreceptor cell array in two orthogonal directions within the photoreceptor cell array plane by the arrangement pitch of the photoreceptor cell elements. Edge extraction device.
な変位が振動的に行われることを特徴とするエッジ抽出
装置。2. The edge extracting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the relative displacement between the target image and the photoreceptor cell array by the displacement means is performed in an oscillatory manner.
な変位が、結像光学系を光軸に直交する方向へ変位させ
ることにより行われることを特徴とするエッジ抽出装
置。3. The relative displacement between the target image and the photoreceptor cell array by the displacement means according to claim 1 or 2, is performed by displacing the imaging optical system in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis. An edge extraction device, characterized in that:
な変位が、視細胞素子アレイを視細胞素子配列面方向へ
変位させることにより行われることを特徴とするエッジ
抽出装置。4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the relative displacement between the target image and the photoreceptor cell array by the displacement means is performed by displacing the photoreceptor cell array in the direction of the photoreceptor cell array plane. An edge extraction device, characterized in that:
な変位が、結像光学系と視細胞素子アレイとを一体とし
て、結像光学系光軸に直交する方向へ変位させることに
より行われることを特徴とするエッジ抽出装置。5. The imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein relative displacement between the target image and the photoreceptor cell array by the displacement means is performed by integrating the imaging optical system and the photoreceptor cell array. An edge extracting device characterized by being displaced in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2249290A JP2863290B2 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | Edge extraction device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2249290A JP2863290B2 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | Edge extraction device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH04128604A JPH04128604A (en) | 1992-04-30 |
JP2863290B2 true JP2863290B2 (en) | 1999-03-03 |
Family
ID=17190769
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2249290A Expired - Fee Related JP2863290B2 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | Edge extraction device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2863290B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69935437T2 (en) * | 1998-09-10 | 2007-11-15 | Ecchandes Inc., Gamagori | VISUAL DEVICE |
AU2003204600B2 (en) * | 1998-09-10 | 2006-03-02 | Ecchandes Inc. | Visual device |
-
1990
- 1990-09-19 JP JP2249290A patent/JP2863290B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPH04128604A (en) | 1992-04-30 |
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