JP2862149B2 - Ventilation method - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an energy-saving ventilation method that does not diffuse indoor heat and pollutants into a room and maintains a comfortable living environment for humans. .

[Conventional technology]

The so-called ventilation, which replaces the air in a general space where residents such as office buildings and workplaces exist with fresh air, has heretofore been commonly used as a mixed dilution method based on a concept integrated with air conditioning. The most typical example is a system that uses an air conditioner. When the indoor air is taken into the air conditioner as return air, it is cooled or heated and supplied with air. In this system, the amount of room air corresponding to the amount of outside air taken in and newly taken into the system is exhausted outside the system. According to this, the outside air is also mixed into the conditioned air, diluted and diffused into the room, and the ventilation gradually proceeds.

There is also a method in which the outside air is adjusted to an appropriate temperature and humidity by an external air conditioner, and this is sent to the air-conditioned room through a duct, while part of the room air is exhausted outside the system through an exhaust duct. ,
Even in this case, the outside air is still mixed and diluted with the conditioned air in the room.

The purpose of ventilation is to discharge odors and smoke trapped in the room, as well as various molecular components such as carbon dioxide gas and water vapor, fine particles, dust, etc., and to introduce new fresh air instead. Because of the balance with air conditioning such as cooling and heating,
Conventionally, the mixing / dilution method as described above has been adopted.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

As mentioned above, in order to create a comfortable space, it is important to simultaneously adjust the air temperature and humidity (air conditioning) and perform ventilation. However, in the conventional fresh air mixing / dilution method, indoor air and supply air are mixed. The point is how even mixing can be achieved, and the more the temperature distribution and the concentration distribution of pollutants are made uniform, the more the effect will increase. Therefore, in this method, pollutants are generated from the source to the whole room, which may be unfavorable in living environment. Therefore, in order to quickly reduce the pollutant concentration, it is necessary to supply a large amount of fresh air to reduce the pollutant concentration. This results in increased equipment and operating costs. In meeting rooms where large numbers of people live, workplaces, and office equipment where there are many OA equipment, it is necessary to eliminate air contamination as quickly as possible. In addition to increasing equipment costs, supplying a large amount of air to a living space does not always maintain a comfortable environment because of the large wind speed.

An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem based on conventional ventilation, in which a small amount of air is supplied at a slow wind speed so as not to disturb the indoor air, and the indoor air is replaced with fresh air. It seeks to provide a completely new ventilation system.

[Means to solve the problem]

The ventilation method according to the present invention includes a flat space or a flat space having an air outflow surface in a lower space having a height from the floor based on the height of a person among spaces defined by a floor, walls, and a ceiling. Fresh air controlled to a temperature lower than the indoor air temperature by a predetermined temperature from an air outlet having a cylindrical diffuser surface of at least / 4 yen and having a hollow box mounted behind this diffuser surface. With the lowest possible wind speed of 0.6 m / sec or less, and with a divergence angle of 90 ° or more, the air flows into substantially all of the lower space so as not to disturb the room air, and is simultaneously introduced into the lower space. An amount of air corresponding to the amount of air is discharged from the ceiling, and the air in the lower space is replaced with fresh air.

[Action]

When fresh air having a temperature slightly lower than the room temperature is slowly flowed into the lower space where humans live, the lower space is filled with the fresh air due to the temperature difference of the air. In this case, it is necessary to flow indoor air as little as possible. For this purpose, a low wind speed of 0.6 m / sec or less must be used.

In addition, when the fresh air is poured, it is necessary that the fresh air replaces substantially all of the lower space so that the room air existing in the lower space is replaced by the fresh air. To this end, it is important to use fresh air outlets with the air outflow surface in the vertical direction, and to allow fresh air to flow out in the widest possible direction. For example, if an air vent is provided at the corner of a room, a 1 / 4-cylindrical diffuser surface is used to discharge the air into a 90 ° divergence angle range, and an air vent is provided on the wall. Is 1/2
If a diffuser with a cylindrical diffuser surface is used to discharge the air into a 180 ° divergent angle range, and if an air vent is provided in the center of the room, use a diffuser with a cylindrical diffuser surface. It is better to drain 360 ° in all directions. However, even if a diffuser with a flat diffuser surface is installed along the wall or inside the wall, it can be discharged in almost 180 ° direction if the wind speed and air volume are reduced.

In the ventilation space targeted by the present invention, there are occupants as heat sources and various heating devices. Heating equipment includes certification equipment, OA equipment, various types of work equipment, and the like. The air heated by such internal heat naturally rises to the ceiling due to the difference in specific gravity. In order to form this natural updraft, it is necessary that the low-temperature fresh air that flows out into the lower space has a low-speed low-air volume that does not greatly disturb the indoor air. The room air temperature in the “fresh air lower than the room air temperature” means the temperature of the air heated by such internally generated heat when the ventilation according to the present invention is performed. In implementing the present invention,
In general, the temperature of the fresh air flowing out to the lower space is controlled to a predetermined temperature, for example, 23 ° C., and when a room temperature higher than this temperature is detected, the fresh air is flowed out of the outlet into the room. If this room temperature detection position is set slightly higher than the lower space, the start / stop control of ventilation can be performed efficiently.

It is also an important requirement of the present invention to discharge an amount of air corresponding to the amount of fresh air discharged into the room from the room. This can be naturally exhausted as an overflow, but it is preferable to perform mechanical exhaust using a fan. Thus, dust and the like can be accompanied by the exhaust.

In addition, fresh air at a predetermined temperature can be produced in which a part of the exhaust gas is mixed into the outside air and flows out to the lower space. This is useful only when the room air is not very dirty, but is useful when the exhaust air temperature is significantly lower than the outside air temperature. Therefore, in the present invention, “fresh air” means not only to be made from the outside air, but also to make a part of the exhaust gas mixed into the outside air.

Further, when the exhaust air temperature is considerably lower than the outside air temperature, heat is exchanged between the exhaust air and the outside air to cool the outside air.
It is also beneficial to regulate the temperature of the outside air.

In any case, in the present invention, it is important that fresh air is controlled to a predetermined temperature and then discharged to the lower space, and this temperature control is performed using an air cooler and an air heater. If the outside air environment is not good, use a high-quality air filter to match the air and clean the air before introducing it to the air cooling heater. Such an air treatment facility is installed outside a space to be ventilated, and air is supplied from the air treatment facility to a lower space through a duct. This duct can be located in the wall or under the floor. According to this equipment, quiet ventilation can be realized so that the air supply noise cannot be heard at all due to the low wind speed.

The ventilation according to the present invention is suitable for a space having internally generated heat, particularly for a space requiring cooling. In recent office buildings and department stores, the heat generated inside is so large that cooling is required even in winter. Workplaces with heat sources are also important. In such a space, the ventilation method of the present invention can form a living space for personnel in an optimal environment with fresh air while also serving as cooling.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to an independent room defined by a floor, walls, and a ceiling in an office building. The height from the floor based on the height of a human is shown. In the lower space A (the area shown by the broken line) having the following expression, fresh air 2 controlled to a temperature lower than the indoor air temperature by a predetermined temperature from the air discharge port 1 having the air outflow surface in the vertical direction,
At a low wind speed of 0.6 m / sec or less, the air is slowly discharged so as to reach substantially the entire area of the lower space A, and the amount of air corresponding to the amount of air introduced into the lower space A is exhausted from the exhaust port 3 on the ceiling. Is shown.

FIG. 2 also shows the same ventilation method as FIG. 1, except that the room air heated by the lighting equipment 4, humans 5, OA equipments 6, etc., which are indoor heat sources, rises above the lower space A. Space B
Is schematically shown. In the present invention, even when the fresh air 2 is introduced into the room, the fresh air is supplied at a low wind speed and a low air volume so as not to disturb the air condition in the room.

FIG. 3 shows a ventilation method similar to that of FIG. 1, but in this example, an air outlet 1a having a vertical air outflow surface is attached to one wall, and the air outflow surface is also flat. Some are used. Even with this flat air outflow surface, fresh air at a slightly lower temperature than the air in the air is blown out at a low air velocity and low air volume, so that the fresh air spread not only in the direction perpendicular to the air outflow surface but also in the lateral direction 2 shows that two streams are formed. In addition, the flow of the fresh air 2 flows along the floor surface.

FIG. 4 shows an example of introduction of fresh air when the ventilation method of the present invention is applied to an independent relatively large working space. In this case, the air diffusion surface has a semi-cylindrical air outflow surface. Mouth 1b is used. That is, an example is shown in which fresh air 2 flows out to a divergence angle range of 180 ° using the diffusion port 1b having a 1/2 cylindrical diffuser surface. Each of the outlets 1b is provided in front of the diffuser surface in contact with a wall, and fresh air of which temperature is controlled is supplied to each outlet 1b through a duct 7.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of equipment for taking in fresh air 2 flowing out into the lower space A and controlling its temperature. The outside air is introduced into the air supply duct 7 from the outside air inlet 9 through the filter 8 by the drive of the fan 10. In the process, the air is controlled to a predetermined set temperature by passing through the air cooler 11 and the air heater 12. Is done. This temperature control is performed at a temperature slightly lower than the room temperature, for example, a temperature 1 to 7 ° C. lower than the room temperature, and in this range, a certain temperature determined by the use form and the size of the space to be ventilated. On the other hand, air is exhausted from an exhaust port 3 in the ceiling through an exhaust duct 13, and the exhaust is converted into mechanical exhaust by driving an exhaust fan 14, and is discharged from the exhaust window 15 to the atmosphere. At that time, a passage 16 for taking part of the exhaust gas and mixing it with the outside air is provided.
The inflow amount is adjusted by controlling the opening of the dampers 17 and 18. The mixing of the exhaust gas is limited to a case where the exhaust gas is not so contaminated. However, when the exhaust gas temperature is considerably lower than the outside air temperature, the load on the air cooler 11 can be reduced. In addition, a heat exchanger 19 for exchanging heat between the exhaust air and the intake outside air is installed, and the flow of the exhaust gas to the heat exchanger 19 is damped.
It is controlled by adjusting the opening of 17, 18, and 20, and this heat exchanger
The flow of outside air to 19 is controlled by adjusting the degree of opening of dampers 21 and 22. This heat exchanger 19 is used when the difference between the exhaust gas temperature and the outside air temperature is large. After recovering the waste heat of the exhaust gas, the outside air is further adjusted in temperature through the air cooler 11 and the air heater 12. As the heat exchanger 19, it is convenient to use a rotary heat exchanger using a rotor that rotates across the exhaust passage and the outside air passage. In some cases, this rotor is impregnated with a desiccant to perform total heat exchange. A vessel can also be used.

An example in which the ventilation according to the present invention is performed in the summer, winter, and intermediate periods using the equipment shown in FIG. 5 will be described. During cooling in the summer, only the air cooler 11 is operated to cool the outside air, and the indoor air is cooled. At a very low wind speed of 0.6 m / sec or less, for example 0.2 m / sec, into the room from the air outlet 2 as a temperature slightly lower than the set temperature (for example, a certain temperature in the range of 22 to 26 ° C.). . The fresh air accumulates in the lower space A and then moves to the upper space B. However, around the heat generation source and the dust generation source in the room, an ascending air current is generated, and the contaminated and heated air moves on the ceiling surface. This is discharged outside through the exhaust port 3 in the ceiling. When the outside air temperature is higher than the exhaust gas temperature, the heat exchanger 19 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas and the outside air. In some cases, part of the low-temperature exhaust gas is mixed into the outside air.

If heating is required at start-up in winter, the air heater 12 and fans 10 and 14 are activated to raise the room temperature, and when the room begins to be used, the dampers 20, 22 are opened and the damper 18 is closed. After operating the heat exchanger, the air heater 12 adjusts the temperature to slightly lower than the indoor set temperature, and slowly performs the ventilation operation at a low wind speed of 0.6 m / sec or less from the air outlet 2. In the middle period, the room temperature,
Ventilation operation according to the present invention is performed by judging whether to use the heat exchanger and whether to use the air cooler 11 and the air heater 12 from the outside air temperature and the exhaust temperature. In any case, good heat recovery can be achieved by using the heat exchanger 19 as a total heat exchanger.

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a wall mounting showing a specific example of the air vent 1a having a flat diffuser surface shown in FIG. In this example, the diffuser plate 25 made of a flat perforated plate is attached so as to substantially match the wall surface. The diffuser plate 25 is fixed to a hollow (hollow) box 26 installed in the wall using a member 27. A rising air path 28, also installed in the wall, is connected to the upper part of the box 26 in the wall, and the air supply duct 7 is connected behind the upper part of the air path 28. The air supply duct 7 is provided with an air volume adjustment damper 29. Both sides of the box 26 and the wind path 28 can be easily accommodated by being placed between the studs of the wall.

FIG. 7 illustrates the state of the flow of the outflow air into the room. As shown in the figure, the air is not blown out from the diffuser plate 25, but is a state in which a lump of cool air naturally flows out.

FIG. 8 shows a flow state of the outflow air when the semi-cylindrical air outlet shown in FIG. 4 is used. In this case, the air spreads 180 ° in the form shown in FIG. It will flow slowly into the room with a direction. In order to obtain such a desirable air outflow form, it is preferable to provide air resistance means and pressure equalizing means inside the diffuser surface.

FIG. 9 (a) shows a cross section of an air outlet having a semi-cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 8, and FIG. 9 (b) shows an exploded view of the air outlet. As a pressure equalizing means, a bag filter 30 and an air resistance material 31 are mounted inside. In other words, the air outlet of the semi-cylindrical is formed by a flat rear plate 35 and a semi-cylindrical diffuser plate 36 between a semi-circular top plate 33 having a duct connection port 32 and a lower plate 34 of the same shape. In this assembly, the bag filter 30 is hung from the top plate 33 in the internal cavity 38 and the semi-cylindrical air resistance material 31 is laminated on the back of the diffuser plate 36. It was done. Bag filter 30
Has an elongated bag shape with one end opening, and is connected to the lower end of the duct connection port 32 by a retaining ring 37 so as to be suspended inside the cavity 38. The bag filter 30 has a function as a filter, but also functions as a resistor for the air flow introduced into the cavity 38 of the air outlet through the duct 7a. The air resistance material 31 on the back side of the diffuser plate 36 is an air permeable resistance plate such as a malt plane having a uniform distribution of holes, and is an equal pressure introduced into the entire cavity 38 through the bag filter 30. The slow flow of air is blown out evenly and softly from the diffuser plate 36 while the wind speed is again suppressed by the resistor 31.

Fig. 10 shows an air vent 2 with a quarter cylindrical diffuser surface
This is an example of c, which is installed at the corner of a room. 7c is an air duct. Fig. 11 shows an example of an air outlet 2d having a cylindrical diffuser surface.
It is located in the center of the room. 7d is an air duct. In the case of these 1/4 cylindrical or cylindrical air vents, air resistance means and pressure equalizing means as described in FIG. 8 are provided inside. If it is not convenient for the air ducts 7b, 7c, 7a, etc. to be exposed in the room, attach a duct cover 40 with a curved surface almost similar to the diffuser surface as shown in Fig. 12. Can be. The thirteenth
As shown in the figure, the air supply duct 7 can be installed in the underfloor space, or in some cases, can be installed in the wall.

〔effect〕

According to the ventilation method of the present invention, the floor level area where humans live is maintained in a fresh and temperature-controlled comfortable environment,
In the upper space, dirty air containing odors and dust moves, and a layer structure consisting of a lower fresh air layer and an upper dirty air layer is formed, and the upper dirty air is discharged, so that the ventilation efficiency is improved. Is extremely good. In addition, there is no air supply noise as in general air conditioning. Also, since the room is maintained in a state close to no wind, there is no problem of cold draft. Furthermore, compared to the conventional diffusion / dilution type ventilation, the internally generated heat is discharged outside the system, so the heat source equipment for cooling it is extremely small, saving equipment and energy and achieving a completely new ventilation method. Is done.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a room to be ventilated for explaining the ventilation method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the room to be ventilated, and FIG. 3 is air having a flat diffuser surface according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which ventilation is performed using a vent, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which ventilation is performed using an air vent having a semi-cylindrical diffuser surface, and FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a facility for producing fresh air according to the present invention, FIG. 6 is an exploded view of an air outlet having a flat diffuser surface mounted on a wall, and FIG. FIG. 8, FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an outflow state of air from a semi-cylindrical air outlet, FIG. 9 (a) is a sectional view of the semi-cylindrical air outlet, and FIG. 9 (b). Is an exploded view of a semi-cylindrical air vent, FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of a quarter cylindrical air vent, and FIG. Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing an example of a cylindrical air outlet, Fig. 12 is a cutaway perspective view showing an example in which a duct cover is attached to the air outlet duct of the air outlet, and Fig. 13 is a floor below the air duct of the air outlet. It is a notch perspective view which shows the example arrange | positioned in FIG. 1 ... air vent, 2 ... fresh air, 3 ... exhaust port, 4-6 ... heat source, 7 ... air duct, 8 ... filter, 9 ... outside air intake, 10, 14 ... ... Fan, 11 ... Air cooler, 12 ... Air heater, 19 ... Heat exchanger.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-208435 (JP, A) JP-A-64-21142 (JP, A) JP-A-61-153328 (JP, A) 186045 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model Showa 62-173649 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model Showa 63-14920 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) F24F 7/00-7 / 10 F24F 13/06

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] A flat space having a vertical air outflow surface or a quarter of a space defined by a floor, walls, and a ceiling in a lower space having a height from the floor based on the height of a person.
Fresh air controlled to a temperature lower than the room air temperature by a predetermined temperature from an air outlet having a cylindrical diffuser surface of a circle or more and a cavity box attached behind this diffuser surface is removed by 0.6 mm. The amount of air introduced into the lower space at the lowest possible wind speed of m / sec or less and with a divergence angle of 90 ° or more so as to spread over substantially the entire area of the lower space so as not to disturb the room air. A ventilation method characterized by discharging an amount of air corresponding to (i) from the ceiling and replacing the air in the lower space with fresh air. 2. The ventilation method according to claim 1, wherein the fresh air is guided to the outlet through a duct provided in a wall or below the floor. 3. The ventilation method according to claim 1, wherein the fresh air is prepared by purifying outside air through a filter and then adjusting the temperature of the fresh air to a temperature lower than the indoor air temperature. 4. The ventilation according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the fresh air is adjusted to a temperature lower than the indoor air temperature after a part of the exhaust is mixed into the air purified through a filter. Method. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein heat is exchanged between the intake outside air and the exhaust air.
The ventilation method described in 2, 3 or 4. 6. The temperature of the fresh air is 1 to 7 ° C. from the set temperature in the room.
The ventilation method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, which is controlled to a low temperature.