JP2857357B2 - Method for recycling glass bottles and their fragments and similar substances mixed in them - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention processes glass bottles and their fragments separated and collected as general waste, as well as ceramics, glass plates, electric bulbs and the like mixed therein, and utilizes them as civil engineering materials. The reprocessing method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art According to a document issued by the "Glass Bottle Recycling Promotion Union",
Vial production from 2 million tonnes in the last decade2
It has remained between 500,000 tons. And cullet (glass waste) that is recycled as a raw material for producing the glass bottle
Account for more than 55% of the raw materials produced. According to the same document,
Looking at the number of shipments by type of glass bottles, in the year of 1993, It can be seen that the production volume of sake 1.8 liter bottles and beer bottles is one order of magnitude smaller than drinks, seasonings and drinking water. This is because 95% of beer bottles and 85% of 1.8-liter sake bottles are reused as returnable bottles after washing. Now, the problem is that 55% of the annual glass production (now average 2.3 million tons) as mentioned above
Is recovered as cullet, but the remaining 45%, or about 1 million tons, is dumped and landfilled at final disposal sites. Another problem is not only the above 1 million tons, but also heat-resistant glass, light bulbs, fluorescent lamps, flat glass, cosmetic bottles, etc., which are unsuitable as recycled materials for bottle production. Is also thrown into the final disposal site and landfilled. There are no accurate statistics on the final disposal of this unsuitable material, but it is likely that hundreds of thousands of tons per year alone will probably be contained in municipal solid waste. Originally, the main purpose of separate collection of bottles and cans is to extend the life of the final disposal site by recovering resources from waste, and various local governments throughout the country are currently working on this. In other words, each municipality calls for the cooperation of residents to separate and discharge bottles from municipal waste based on national guidelines, and the separated and collected bottles are further sorted at the municipal facilities. Returnable bottles and color-coded cullets (glass scraps) are collected by specialists, and fine scraps that cannot be sorted out, mixed heat-resistant glass, flat glass, cosmetic bottles, etc. are dumped and landfilled at the final disposal site as before. However, there are some regions where cullet is collected and sorted, but not collected by traders. For example, in the Tohoku region, Hokkaido, Shikoku, and parts of Kyushu, the cost of transporting cullet to bottle factories is too high, and for such economic reasons, cullet is not distributed to bottle factories. Some local governments provide subsidies and have them picked up, but of course there are limits. In other words, cullet is being recovered as a resource, and the enormous cost of sorting, storing, and transporting it has increased. In some cases, cullet has to be disposed of at a final disposal site without being distributed according to economic principles. At the present time, there is an attempt to use, as a roadbed material, those that have been discarded and unnecessary crushed simply by coarsely crushing and classifying the particle size, but this is not only dangerous in handling, but also has a bad smell. There are many contaminants and the use range is very limited.
Therefore, the present inventors do not dispose of glass bottles and their fragments and their similar products such as glass plates, cosmetic / medical bottles, and ceramics in landfills where local distribution is not established, but landfill them at final disposal sites. In the search for a road, a method for processing universally usable civil engineering materials was established through repeated trials.

[0003]

The civil engineering materials considered by the present inventors are inexpensive road ground materials, landfill sand, aggregates that are kneaded with cement and formed into molded products, and the like. For that purpose, it must be sanitary, there is no sharp edge in handling, it is not dangerous,
It is also important that water-soluble heavy metals and the like have been removed. To satisfy these conditions, the following steps are required. 1. 1. Removal of spoilage organic substances such as juice, ketchup, and mayonnaise remaining or adhering to the glass container. 2. Removal of plastic cap and label paper. 3. Remove metal caps, especially whiskey lead wraps and paint prints. 4. Crush and reduce the particle size to 10mm or less. Deletion of Needles and Sharp Edges The present inventors first received indiscriminately bottles collected in a nearby local government and crushed them all using a crusher. This crusher gives instantaneous crushing power to the crushed material, and is good for the primary crushing of a large number of bottles, but the shards have needle-like or sharp edges. Also, the label or the like attached to the glass surface remains attached to the crushed pieces. Therefore, next, the primary crushed material was directly introduced into a rotary drum type crusher, and the crushed pieces were granulated by abrasion between the pieces to be crushed. The result is that metals and plastics remain in almost the same size, most of the labels peel off,
Sharp corners have been removed. However, the rotten odor due to the contents remaining in the bottles was severe. As the next trial, the ones processed by a rotary drum crusher were first removed by using sieves with different meshes to remove coarse ones (metals and plastic pieces) and fine ones (fine glass scraps like powder). Then, light substances such as paper waste were removed by wind power. The remaining (granular glass) was washed with water. By repeating the above steps, the substances removed in each of the steps of sieving, wind sorting, and water washing and the substance of the granular glass finally obtained were investigated in detail. As a result, the following was found.

[0004] 1. "Ketchup and oils and fats that have adhered to and remain on bottles are mostly mixed with fine powder of glass in the process of rotating drum pulverizers."
That is, when the fine powder discharged from the rotary drum type pulverizer is determined by the extraction amount of normal hexane (N · H) indicating the amount of fats and oils, a relatively clean sample is 170 mg / liter and a dirty sample is 3,100 mg / liter. On the other hand, the treated water used for washing was relatively clean sample water, 12 mg / liter. Washed dirty sample, 19 mg / liter. From the above results, the ketchup and oils and fats remaining in the original sample (bottles) Most of them were mixed with the fine powder generated in the process of being processed by the rotary drum type pulverizer, and it could be judged that they were separated from the glass pieces having a size larger than the fine powder. This is because the oils and fats adhering to the residue are not different between relatively clean bottles and dirty bottles in the water from which the residue after removing the fine powder is washed. 2. "The pieces of label paper adhering to the remaining granular glass from which coarse and fine materials have been removed are immersed in water for 2-3 hours, and then completely rolled with the water again in the rotating drum. At this time, a small amount of residual fats and oils and dissolvable heavy metals also dissolve or suspend in the washing water. ”For washing, spray water in a stationary vessel, spray water on a sieve, etc. After various trials, it was found that the rolling in the rotating drum was the most effective. Also, it is important for sewage treatment how much the amount of water required in the washing step can be reduced. Thus, it was determined that a water amount of 1.5 equivalents of the amount of the material to be washed was sufficient. 3. The results of analyzing the elution amount of heavy metals by particle size for the product obtained by washing with water were as follows.

[0005]

[Table 1]

As shown in the rightmost column in the above table,
Just crushing the bottles shows that a large amount of lead is eluted. This is presumed to be due to the lead content in the paint printed on the bottle or a sealing material such as a whiskey bottle. In addition, although small particles with a particle diameter of 2.5 to 0.6 mm were washed out, there was a lead elution amount of 0.02 mg / liter despite washing, which is considered to have been eluted from the lead glass etc. of the bottles themselves. This indicates that the elution amount increases as the surface area per unit weight increases. However, these products are not used by classifying the “large”, “medium” and “small” in the above table as they are, but are actually used by mixing them. It was judged to be a sufficiently safe numerical value.

Based on the above findings, the present inventors have now completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is to roughly crush the waste glass bottles and their fragments and similar ceramic fragments mixed in them, further crush and polish them with a rotating drum, and then separate them into fine powders containing paper chips and residual substances by air separation. The body is separated and removed, then the metal pieces are separated by a metal separator, and the coarse plastics that have not been ground and polished by a screen are separated and removed.The small pieces of the granulated glass bottles are washed with a rotating drum with water. And a method for recycling glass bottles and fragments thereof and similar ceramic fragments mixed therein.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples. FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram for converting discarded bottles into aggregate for civil engineering. This process flow can handle 10-30 tons of bottles per day. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The collected bottles are first coarsely crushed by a coarse crusher. This is a one-pass type of instantaneous crushing, in which bottles are crushed to the desired particle size as the final product. Will be returned. The finer particles passing through the screen are sent to a drum-type grinding and polishing machine, where the sharp ridge angle of the broken glass surface is cut off and granulated. Then, liquids and fats and oils remaining in the first bottles are adsorbed to the fine powder generated during the processing. After treatment with a drum type grinding and polishing machine, large pieces of label paper peeled off by an air type separator and fine powder generated by grinding and polishing are separated and removed by air while flowing down in a cascade. After passing through the air separator, the cap and the cork stopper of the original size which have not been crushed by the drum type crushing and polishing machine are removed and separated by a screen. After passing through the screen, the metal and the non-ferrous metals are separated by a metal separator by the magnetic force and the flow of the magnetic force therein.

Most of the unnecessary substances mixed in the crushed and crushed objects of the bottles are removed by the above apparatus and apparatus. In addition to the label paper firmly adhered to the small glass piece with an adhesive, A small amount of the contents contained in the bottle remains. Therefore, it is washed with water for further purification. Use a rotating drum type washer for washing so that the time for the adhesive to soften due to water content and the time for rolling can be adjusted by rolling, so that the residence time can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of rotations. did. Peeled paper pieces and loose deposits are released into water and discharged together with water. The solid phase discharged from the rotary drum type washing machine is transferred to a washing screen, where it is bisected to a desired particle size while being washed with fresh water.

[0010]

According to the present invention, in place of disposing of non-recyclable glass bottles at landfill sites, unnecessary glass bottles and their fragments are safely handled and free from poison after use. By processing to the properties, the range of use is expanded not only for the aggregate for civil engineering but also for universal use.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the bottle reprocessing method of the present invention.

[Description of Signs] Coarse crusher screen Drum type crushing and polishing machine Pneumatic separator screen Metals separator Rotary drum type washer Rinsing screen

Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-56-56282 (JP, A) JP-A-58-40180 (JP, A) JP-A-56-121679 (JP, A) JP-A-52-130167 (JP, A) , A) JP-A-51-67678 (JP, A) JP-A-8-52452 (JP, A) JP-A-7-502204 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB) Name) B09B 5/00 B03B 7/00 B07B 9/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. Waste glass bottles and their fragments and similar ceramic fragments mixed therein are roughly crushed together, further crushed and polished by a rotating drum, and then separated into fine particles containing paper fragments and residual substances by air separation. The body is separated and removed, then the metal pieces are separated by a metal separator, and the coarse plastics that have not been ground and polished by a screen are separated and removed.The small pieces of the granulated glass bottles are washed with a rotating drum with water. A method for recycling glass bottles and fragments thereof and similar ceramic fragments mixed therein.