JP2854968B2 - Artificial seawater - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is for preparing artificial seawater used for breeding and cultivating organisms such as animals and plants living in seawater, or for studying ecology and the like. The present invention relates to a solid preparation of

[Prior Art] It goes without saying that it is desirable to use natural seawater for the purpose of breeding and cultivating organisms and the like living in seawater, or for studying ecology and the like. However, even in the case of natural seawater, it has recently been recognized that various environmental pollutions have progressed, and that many substances that do not originally exist in seawater have been dissolved or that the component ratios in seawater have changed. Therefore, it is not always appropriate to raise, cultivate, and research marine organisms in such natural seawater. Also, breeding and research of marine organisms is not always performed only near the seaside, so it may be difficult to obtain seawater, and it is difficult to collect natural seawater when the weather is irregular. In some cases. Under such circumstances, in handling marine organisms, artificial seawater having a composition close to that of natural seawater is increasingly used in place of natural seawater.

The composition of natural seawater is about 35 g of various inorganic salts in 1 kg
The composition of inorganic salts in one liter of normal natural seawater, which contains before and after, is generally as follows.

Sodium 8 to 13 g Magnesium 0.9 to 1.6 g Calcium 0.3 to 0.5 g Potassium 0.3 to 0.5 g Chlorine 15 to 24 g Sulfur 0.7 to 1.2 g Bromine 0.04 to 0.08 g Carbon 0.02 to 0.04 g Of the above, sulfur is mainly in the form of sulfate ions Wherein carbon exists mainly in the form of carbon ions. In addition, in addition to these, in natural seawater, as a trace element component, for example, metal ions such as lithium, strontium, barium, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, boron, aluminum, etc. Ammonium ions and anions such as iodine and fluorine are also included.

Therefore, artificial seawater which has been conventionally used for handling marine organisms is also prepared so as to be as close as possible to the composition of natural seawater as described above.

Artificial seawater is usually prepared in dosage forms such as powders, granules, tablets, and liquid preparations, and is dissolved in water or diluted with water before use, and used for handling marine organisms. However, although there are many unknown reasons, it is known that when such a solid preparation is dissolved in water, it becomes cloudy and insoluble foreign matter remains. Alternatively, the pH may change rapidly during handling of marine organisms, the solubility of oxygen may be insufficient, or the specific gravity may be slightly different from natural seawater due to its poor buffering properties compared to natural seawater. However, while the water temperature is liable to change, disadvantages are pointed out.

The most important of these drawbacks is the lack of buffering of artificial seawater. In other words, in order to handle marine organisms, feed must be added to artificial seawater for breeding and cultivation. It floats in and lowers the pH of artificial seawater due to organic acids and nitrous acid based on it. In the natural state, these pH-lowering substances diffuse into seawater and are diluted to such an extent that they do not affect the inhabitation of marine organisms.However, when artificial seawater is used in a closed environment, artificial seawater is used. Buffering becomes an important issue.

Conventionally, it has been considered that the addition of carbonate is effective as a buffering substance in artificial seawater. However, when preparing a solid preparation for artificial seawater preparation by adding a carbonate together with other components so as to have a carbonate content similar to that of natural seawater when dissolved, during storage of the solid preparation Defects have been pointed out, such as a change in components, which causes cloudiness when dissolved in water, or insoluble foreign matter. It is also known that during the storage of solid preparations, carbonates may be decomposed due to the interaction with other components and generate carbon dioxide. It is impossible to say that they have not been damaged.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present inventors have solved these problems with artificial seawater and have developed artificial seawater suitable for use in breeding, cultivating, or researching marine organisms. As a result of the research aimed at the development of the artificial seawater, we succeeded in obtaining artificial seawater that had sufficient clarity and good buffering properties when dissolved, and was easy to handle.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The disadvantages of the conventional artificial seawater as described above by the study of the present inventors are that calcium salt and magnesium salt, which are essential components of artificial seawater, carbonate and sulfate, But,
We have found that it can be overcome by formulating into a form that does not coexist at the stage of the solid formulation before dissolving in water.

That is, the present invention provides a solid preparation for preparing artificial seawater, which is in a form in which a solid preparation containing a calcium salt and a magnesium salt and a solid preparation containing a carbonate and a sulfate are separately packaged. It is.

Solid preparation for preparing the artificial seawater of the present invention, a solid preparation containing calcium salt and magnesium salt,
A solid preparation containing a carbonate and a sulfate is separately packaged.

The solid preparation of the present invention may be in the form usually used for artificial seawater, for example, any of powders, granules, tablets and the like, and its preparation method is any of those used in medicine, agricultural chemicals and other fields. Means can also be used for convenience. When dissolved in water for the preparation of artificial seawater, powder is the easiest to dissolve, but granules are desirable to prevent scattering of fine powder, and tablets are easy to measure. It is good to take the form.

In the solid preparation of the present invention, a solid preparation containing calcium and magnesium salts and a solid preparation containing carbonate and sulfate are separately prepared. As the calcium salt, for example, calcium chloride, calcium bromide or the like contained in natural seawater is used, and as the magnesium salt, for example, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide or the like contained in natural seawater is used. desirable. As the carbonate contained in the other solid preparation, it is desirable to use, for example, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and the like contained in natural seawater. As the sulfate, it is desirable to use, for example, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate and the like contained in natural seawater. In the natural seawater, in addition to the above salts, various inorganic ions as described above, for example, sodium chloride, potassium chloride,
It is contained in the form of salts such as sodium bromide and potassium bromide, and also contains inorganic salts etc. as other minor components. It is preferable that the composition and concentration of each salt be adjusted so as to be as close as possible to the composition and concentration of natural seawater. Of course, when prepared mainly for research purposes or the like, salts other than these, trace components or reagents may be contained, or the salt may be different from natural seawater having a salt concentration depending on the purpose.

In any case, in the solid preparation for preparing the artificial seawater of the present invention, carbonate and sulfate of calcium salt and magnesium salt are separately separated so as to avoid being simultaneously contained in the same solid preparation. It is prepared, but it is possible to arbitrarily select which solid preparation contains other components.

The composition ratio of each component in the solid preparation for preparing the artificial seawater of the present invention, except for a special purpose artificial seawater, the concentration of each component when dissolved in water is the concentration of each component in natural seawater. It is better to prepare as close as possible. In particular, it is desirable that the concentration of carbonates such as sodium hydrogencarbonate and potassium hydrogencarbonate be 0.005% to 0.05% when the solid preparation of the present invention is dissolved in water.

Various salts used in the solid preparation of the present invention,
It is desirable to use one having a water content as small as possible.Particularly, carbonates such as sodium hydrogencarbonate and potassium hydrogencarbonate are better to use well-dried ones to achieve the intended purpose. Preparation so as to be 2% or less is advantageous for the purpose of the present invention.

The solid preparation of the present invention is manufactured in a form in which a solid preparation containing a calcium salt and a magnesium salt and a solid preparation containing a carbonate and a sulfate are separately packaged. Packaging is preferably stored in a moisture-proof container, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene or other moisture-resistant synthetic resin or aluminum-laminated synthetic resin made of such a synthetic resin, containers such as boxes, Alternatively, for example, a metal can such as aluminum or a container such as a box is used. However, when using a metal container, trace amounts of metallic impurities may be mixed into artificial seawater, and such impurities may hinder the use of the prepared artificial seawater. In some cases, it is desirable to use an inner surface coated with a synthetic resin or the like. In addition, among the artificial seawater materials, a hygroscopic material is also used, so that the containers of both solid preparations are desirably sealable.

In the present invention, "separately wrapping" does not necessarily mean that it is necessary to separately store in two packages, but the storage part of one container is divided into two parts, and each part is divided into two parts. It should be understood that this includes the case where the solid preparations are stored separately so as not to contact and mix.

Example 1. 35 g of potassium chloride, 10 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate and 180 g of sodium sulfate were sufficiently mixed and stored in a polyethylene bag.
g, 500 g of magnesium chloride, 70 g of calcium chloride, 4 g of sodium bromide, and trace element components are sufficiently mixed and stored in another polyethylene bag.

When this product is used as artificial seawater, both agents are simultaneously dissolved in tap water so that the total volume is 50 liters.

Example 2. 1,000 g of sodium chloride, 150 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, 30 g of potassium chloride and 5 g of sodium bicarbonate were thoroughly mixed and stored in a polyethylene bag, which was used as an agent A. Separately, 60 g of calcium chloride, 500 g of magnesium chloride, 5 g of potassium bromide and a trace element component are sufficiently mixed and stored in another polyethylene bag to obtain a B agent.

When used as artificial seawater, this product is simultaneously dissolved in tap water so that the total volume of each product is 50 liters.

Test Example 1. Sample (1) of the solid preparation for artificial seawater manufactured in Example 1.
The experiment was performed using a mixture of the A agent and the B agent and storing the mixture in a polyethylene bag as a sample (2). Both samples
When stored at 40 ° C. for one month, sample (1) showed no change in appearance, but sample (2) showed generation of gas. Further, when the total amount of each of the sample (1) and the sample (2) was dissolved in 50 ml of tap water and the properties of the solution after dissolution were observed, the solution of the sample (1) was colorless and clear, and no insoluble foreign matter was observed. However, in the solution of sample (2), cloudiness and a considerable amount of insoluble foreign matter were detected.

Test Example 2. The entire amount of the sample (1) produced in Example 1 was placed in a water tank containing 50 liters of tap water, and stirred well, and the water temperature was set at 25 ° C.
Then, while blowing air, one sea anemone (Edwardia spp.) And 25 cobalt sparrows were bred in this aquarium, and the change over time in the pH of the artificial seawater was observed. In addition,
As controls, commercially available artificial seawaters (a) and (b) were prepared in separate aquariums so as to have the same osmotic pressure, and breeding of sea anemones and cobalt sparrows at the same level was carried out simultaneously. In the two-week observation, the pH of the control artificial seawater was
The sample (1) showed only a fluctuation of pH 8.3 to 8.0, whereas the control (a) exhibited a pH of 9.0 to 7.0.
5. In the control product (b), the range of fluctuation was large, pH 8.5 to 7.8. Further, it was confirmed that the activity of the sea anemone and the cobalt sparrow during the test period was superior in the sample (1) to the control product, and the mortality of the cobalt sparrow was small.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A solid preparation for preparing artificial seawater, wherein a solid preparation containing calcium and magnesium salts and a solid preparation containing carbonate and sulfate are packaged separately. . 2. The carbonate is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate,
The solid preparation for preparing artificial seawater according to claim 1, which is one or more carbonates selected from sodium hydrogencarbonate and potassium hydrogencarbonate.