JP2843423B2 - Fertilizer - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a fertilizer that injects fertilizer into a field in a point-like manner, and more particularly, to safety when a transient lateral force is applied to a fertilizer nozzle. It concerns the device.

(B) Conventional technology Generally, fertilizer applicators include those in which fertilizer is evenly distributed in the field, those in which the fertilizer is injected in a streak form in the field, and those in which the fertilizer is injected in the form of dots in the sowing portion. Attention has been paid to a method of injecting in the form of dots (hereinafter referred to as “injection”) in terms of efficiency and environmental conservation.

Generally, the point injection type fertilizer applicator is configured to make the running speed (working speed) substantially equal to the fertilizer application pitch.

(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention By the way, in the above-mentioned infusion type fertilizer, especially in the infusion deep layer fertilizer, the wheel slips due to mud in a field and a difference occurs in the fertilization pitch of the traveling speed. In this state, the nozzle may be bent more than the allowable force, and the nozzle may be deformed and damaged.

Also, if the operator activates the nozzle when the fertilizer is stopped due to an erroneous operation, or starts the fertilizer with the nozzle stopped and the tip of the nozzle is lowered into the ground, the nozzle will also have an allowable force. The nozzle may be deformed and damaged due to the bending of the nozzle.

Therefore, the present invention includes a detecting device for detecting that excessive lateral force is applied to the nozzle, and when the excessive lateral force is applied to the nozzle, the fertilizer is raised and the nozzle tip comes out of the ground. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fertilizer that is configured as described above and that solves the above-described problem.

(D) Means for Solving the Problems The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances. For example, referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. The upper and lower crank arms (42,4
7) Supply fertilizer to the nozzle (69) supported at the tip of
In a fertilizer (2) obtained by injecting the fertilizer into the ground from the tip of a nozzle (69) in a dot-like manner, the fertilizer (2) is raised to a position where the tip of the nozzle (69) comes off the ground. Ascending means (77, 77), detecting means (65, 65) for detecting that an excessive lateral force has acted on the nozzle (69), and based on the detection by the detecting means (65, 65), The lifting means (7
7,77).

(E) Function Based on the above configuration, the fertilizer applicator (2) travels while being pulled by the travel of the traveling body (1), the upper and lower crank arms (42, 47) rotate, and the tip of the nozzle (69). Is poured into the ground, and fertilizer is infused into the ground from the tip of the nozzle (69). At this time, for example, if the wheels slip due to mud in a field and a difference occurs between the running speed and the fertilizer application pitch, an excessive lateral force acts on the nozzle (69). Then, the detection means (65, 65) for detecting that an excessive lateral force is applied to the nozzle (69) is detected, and the control means (66) is raised by a signal from the detection means (65, 65). The means (77, 77) is operated, and the fertilizer applicator (2) is raised by the lifting means (77, 77) to a position where the tip of the nozzle (69) comes off the ground.

(F) Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, the fertilizer applicator (2)
During operation of the nozzle (69) during the travel of the wheel, the wheel slips due to mud in the field, causing a difference between the running speed and the fertilizing pitch, and if excessive lateral force acts on the nozzle (69) , Detected by the detection means (65, 65),
The fertilizer applicator (2) is automatically raised to the position where the tip of the nozzle (69) comes out of the ground, so that the nozzle (69) is bent more than the allowable force, and the nozzle (69) may be deformed. Damage can be prevented.

In addition, the operator makes an erroneous operation and activates the nozzle (69) when the running of the fertilizer applicator (2) is stopped, or stops the nozzle (69) and lowers the tip of the nozzle (69) into the ground. When the fertilizer (2) is started and it is detected that an excessive lateral force is applied to the nozzle (69), the tip of the fertilizer (2) automatically comes off the ground. Since the nozzle (69) is raised to the position, it is possible to prevent the nozzle (69) from being deformed and damaged due to an erroneous operation.

Furthermore, since it is possible to cope with an erroneous operation, even an unskilled operator can use the fertilizer applicator (2) without deforming and damaging the nozzle (69).

The reference numerals in parentheses refer to the drawings, and do not limit the configuration.

(G) Example Hereinafter, an example in which the present invention is applied to a deep asphalt fertilizer for asparagus will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fertilizer applicator 2 is connected to a tractor 1 in front thereof, and the fertilizer applicator 2 is configured to be transmitted to motive power from the tractor 1 and towed. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the fertilizer applicator 2
Has a front frame 3, an upper frame 5, and a lower frame 6. The tractor 1 and the front frame 3
Is connected to the top link 7 and the lower links 9, 9 so as to be able to move up and down. An input shaft 10 is provided between the top link 7 and the lower links 9, 9.
The transmission case 12 is fixed to the front frame 3 so as to cover the gear portion 11.

A sprocket 15 is fixed to the output shaft 13 of the gear portion 11, and the sprocket 15 is attached to a sprocket 17 fixed to a counter shaft 16 rotatably supported on the upper frame 5 by a chain 19. Power is transmitted via the.

On the other hand, since the output shaft 20 of the gear unit 11 is interlocked with and connected to the paste pump 21, the paste pump 21 is driven by the rotation of the output shaft 20, and as shown in FIG. Paste fertilizer flowing from the loaded paste tank 22 through the suction hose 23 is used as a paste pump.
After reaching the suction part 21, as shown in FIG. 3, it is pressure-fed from the discharge port 21 a to the distribution valves 25, 25.

Also, as shown in FIG.
Are fixedly mounted on the sprockets 26, 26. The sprockets 26, 26 are attached to the sprockets 27, 27 fixed to the shafts of the distribution valves 25, 25 arranged on the front frame 3, and the chains 29, Power is transmitted through 29. Distributing valve 25
Distributes the pressure-fed paste fertilizer to eight discharge ports in conjunction with the rotation of the counter shaft 16. The paste fertilizer coming out of the discharge port 25a of the distribution valve 25 is pumped through a nozzle to a joint 30 fixed to the front frame 3.

Further, crankcases 31 are vertically fixed over the rear ends of the upper frame 5 and the lower frame 6, and are arranged at four positions in the left-right direction of the fertilizer applicator 2 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, an upper crankshaft 32 is rotatably supported at an upper portion of the crankcase 31, and a lower crankshaft 33 is rotatably supported at a lower portion of the crankcase 31. ing. A sprocket 35 is fixed to the counter shaft 16, and
The sprocket 35 transmits power via a chain 37 to a sprocket 36 fixed to the upper crankshaft 32. Further, a sprocket 39 is fixed to the upper crankshaft 32, and the sprocket 39 transmits power via a chain 41 to a sprocket 40 fixed to the lower crankshaft 33. Since the sprockets 39 and 40 have the same number of teeth, the upper crankshaft 32 and the lower crankshaft 33 are configured to have the same rotation speed.

One end of an upper crank arm 42 is fixed to one end of the upper crank shaft 32, and a support shaft 43 is fixed to the other end of the upper crank arm 42. A nozzle arm holder 45 is rotatably supported on the support shaft 43, and an upper portion of a nozzle arm 46 is fixed to the nozzle arm holder 45. One end of a lower crank arm 47 is fixed to one end of the lower crank shaft 33, and a shaft 49 is fixed to the other end of the lower crank arm 47. The mounting angle of the upper crank arm 42 to the upper crank shaft 32 and the lower crank shaft 33 of the lower crank arm 47
It is configured so that the angle of attachment to them is the same.

Also, as shown in FIG.
A nozzle arm holder 50 is provided at a pivot point between the shaft 49 of 47 and the lower part of the nozzle arm 46. The nozzle arm holder 50 has rectangular plate portions 50a, 50a 'on both sides, a box-shaped box portion 50b between the rectangular plate portions 50a, 50a', a long hole 50c in the center of the rectangular plate portion 50a, and a rectangular plate portion 50a '. Has a rectangular hole 50d at the center.

The shaft 49 extends through the nozzle arm 46, and a ring 51 is inserted through the shaft
It is in contact with the 49 stepped portion 49a. The tip of the shaft 49 is inserted into the elongated hole 50c and is rotatably penetrated through the spacer 52.
Has been stopped from. Rod guides 50e, 50e are provided on the left and right sides of the box-shaped box 50b, respectively.
7 is inserted. A plate 50 is fixed to the tip of a rod 57 inside the box-shaped box portion 50b,
A spring 60 is contracted at a portion of the rod 57 between the plate 59 and the box-shaped box portion 50b. Further, the rod
The part extending from the rod guide part 50e of 57 is a washer 61,
62 is inserted, and nuts 63, 63 are screwed together. The nuts 63, 63 move the rod 57 and the plate 59 and adjust the pressure of the spring 60.

The spacer 52 is slidably held in the box-shaped box portion 50b by the rods 57, 57, plates 59, 59 and springs 60, 60. Further, a lower portion of the nozzle arm 46 is fixed to the nozzle arm holder 50. Thereby, the shaft 49 and the spacer
Numeral 52 is slidable within the range of the elongated hole 50c, and the lower portion of the nozzle arm 46 is configured to be able to swing to the present time within a predetermined range before and after in the traveling direction.

Further, as shown in FIG.
Limit switches 65, 65 are arranged on the left and right of the upper part of b, and the plate 59 is configured to be turned on when the plate 59 moves and comes into contact with the limit switch 65 as the spacer 52 slides. As shown in FIG. 6, the limit switches 65, 65 are electrically connected to an electromagnetic valve 66, and when either one of the limit switches 65 is turned on, the electromagnetic valve 66 is operated. Have been.

In addition, as shown in FIG.
The distal end portion 46a can be divided into a proximal end portion 46a and a distal end portion 46b. The distal end portion 46 is located below the nozzle arm holder 50, and is fixed to the proximal end portion 46a by bolts 67, 67, 67, 67. A nozzle 69 for discharging the fertilizer below the formation is detachably fixed along the nozzle arm 46, and the nozzle 69
Similarly to the nozzle arm 46, the nozzle arm 46 is configured to be divided into a base end portion 69a and a distal end portion 69b, and the distal end portion 69b extends downward longer than the distal end portion 46b of the nozzle arm 46.

Further, a rib 70 having a blade shape is fixed to the front end portion 69b of the nozzle 69 in the front-rear direction of the fertilizer applicator 2 so as to reduce the penetration resistance against the driving of the nozzle 69 into the ground and the like. In addition to reducing the load on the tip portion 69b, the rib 70 cuts the soil even when a force tilting forward and backward is applied to the nozzle 69 driven into the ground, so that the earth pressure applied to the nozzle 69 is reduced. Can be weakened. The nozzle 69 and the rib 70 may be formed integrally. Also, the nozzle base end
The upper end portion of 69a is inserted and supported by the nozzle support 71.

A joint 72 is provided on the upper portion of the nozzle arm holder 45, and one end of the joint 72 and the upper end of the nozzle base portion 69a are connected by a pipe 73. A hose 75 is connected between the other end of the joint 72 and one end of the outlet of the joint 30.
Is made of a flexible material.

The hose 75 has one end fixed to the fixed joint 30 and the other end connected to a joint 72 connected to the nozzle base portion 69a via a pipe 73, so that the nozzle base portion 69a is operated. To move up and down, back and forth with
The hose 75 also swings with the movement. For this reason, there is a possibility that the hose 75 is entangled with other parts. Therefore, a hose support guide 76 is provided as a measure for reducing the risk. The hose support 76 includes a hose arm 76a and a hose guide 76b pivotally attached to a distal end of the hose arm 76a. A base end of the hose arm 76a is pivotally supported by the front frame 3 and is rotatable in the front-rear direction. The hose guide 76b supports the hose 75.

Hydraulic cylinders are provided on the left and right sides of the lower frame 6.
Gauge wheels 79, 79 are mounted via 77, 77, and a safety frame 80 is provided at the rear of the fertilizer applicator 2.

As shown in FIG. 7, when the electromagnetic valve 66 is actuated and moves to the right, the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pump 82 provided on the tractor 1 is passed through the throttle valve 83 and the flow dividing valve 85 to the hydraulic cylinder 77. , 77, the gauge wheels 79, 79 are lowered, and the fertilizer applicator 2 is raised. Further, a relief valve 86 is provided to keep the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pump 82 constant, and hydraulic cylinders 77 and 77 are provided.
A check valve 87 is provided to prevent backflow from the air.

In the present embodiment, the input shaft
Power from the gear 10 is transmitted to the gear 11, and power is transmitted from the sprocket 15 of the output shaft 13 of the gear 11 to the sprocket 17 of the countershaft 16 via the chain 19. From the sprockets 26, 26 of the counter shaft 16, the chains 29, 29
Power is transmitted to the sprockets 27, 27 of the distribution valves 25, 25 via the sprocket 35 of the upper crankshaft 32 via the chain 37 from the sprocket 35 of the countershaft 16.
Since power is transmitted to 36, the timing of fertilizer outflow of distribution valve 25 and the timing of tip portion 69b of nozzle 69 being driven into the ground are synchronized.

On the other hand, the power from the input shaft 10 is transmitted to the output shaft 20 of the gear unit 11 and transmitted from the output shaft 20 to the paste pump 21. The paste fertilizer flowing from the paste tank 22 of the tractor 1 by the suction hose 23 is pumped by the paste pump 21 to the distribution valves 25, 25, and the discharge port 25 of the distribution valves 25, 25 is discharged.
Paste fertilizer coming out of a is jointed via nozzle 30
To be pumped.

Also, from the sprocket 39 of the upper crankshaft 32,
Since power is transmitted to the sprocket 40 of the lower crankshaft 33 via the chain 41 and the sprockets 39 and 40 have the same number of teeth, the upper crankshaft 32 and the lower crankshaft 32
33 has the same rotation speed.

The rotation of the upper crank shaft 32 is transmitted to the upper crank arm 42 to rotate the nozzle arm holder 45, and the rotation of the lower crank shaft 33 is transmitted to the lower crank arm 47 to rotate the nozzle arm holder 50. Therefore, the nozzle arm 46 and the nozzle 69 rotate and interlock while maintaining the substantially vertical state, and the tip 69b of the nozzle 69 is driven into the ground.

In addition, the paste fertilizer fed to the joint 30 is sent to the joint 72 via a hose 75 supported by a hose support guide 76, sent to a base end portion 69a of a nozzle 69 via a pipe 73, and sent to a nozzle tip portion 69b. A certain amount of fertilizer is discharged from the discharge port of, and is injected and fertilized in the ground.

At this time, if an excessive lateral force acts on the nozzle 69, the shaft 49 and the spacer 52 slide within the range of the elongated hole 50c,
As a result, the plate 59 moves and the limit switch 65
And the limit switch 65 is turned ON. Then
The electromagnetic valve 66 is operated to move the hydraulic cylinders 77, 77 and lower the gauge wheels 79, 79, so that the fertilizer applicator 2 is raised, and the fertilizer 2 is raised to a position where the tip of the nozzle 69 comes off the ground. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the nozzle 69 from being deformed and damaged due to the bending of the nozzle 69 exceeding the allowable force.

Similarly, the operator makes an erroneous operation to activate the nozzle 69 when the traveling of the fertilizer applicator 2 is stopped, or to start the fertilizer applicator 2 in a state where the nozzle 69 is stopped and the tip of the nozzle 69 is lowered into the ground. However, the limit switch 65 detects that an excessive lateral force has acted on the nozzle 69, and the fertilizer applicator 2 is automatically raised to a position where the tip of the nozzle 69 comes off the ground. This can prevent the nozzle 69 from being deformed and damaged due to an erroneous operation.

In the present embodiment, the gauge wheel 79 is moved up and down by the hydraulic cylinder 77. However, the lift arm of the tractor 1 can be rotated to move the fertilizer applicator up and down.

Further, if an alarm buzzer is connected to the limit switch 65, the limit switch 65 is turned on and the fertilizer applicator 2 is raised, and at the same time, the operator can easily be notified by the alarm buzzer.

Also, in order to correct erroneous operation immediately, limit switches are provided for the main shift lever, sub shift lever and PTO lever respectively, the main shift lever is turned on, the sub shift lever is turned on,
When the PTO lever is turned off, nozzle 69 stops and nozzle 6
9 Since the fertilizer applicator 2 is started with the tip lowered into the ground, the alarm buzzer sounds, the main shift lever is turned off, the auxiliary shift lever is turned off, and the PTO lever is turned on. Since the nozzle 69 is operated when the traveling of the machine 2 is stopped, an alarm buzzer can be configured to sound.

In order to prevent the nozzle 69 from being deformed in the left and right direction and being damaged by the drastic change of direction of the tractor 1 during the fertilizer application operation by injecting the nozzle 69, only one brake operation and the operation of the pitman arm are performed. The large angle can be detected by a limit switch, and the fertilizer applicator 2 can be raised and an alarm buzzer can be sounded.

Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. FIG.

An engine frame 101 on which an engine is mounted is provided in front of the tractor 1, and a bracket 102 is fixed in front of the engine frame 101. Above the bracket 102, a paste tank 103, a hydraulic motor 105, a gear 10
6, the transmission case 107 and the paste pump 109 are arranged.

The hydraulic pump of the tractor 1 sends a hydraulic pressure to the suction port 105a of the hydraulic motor 105 to drive the hydraulic motor 105. The power from the hydraulic motor 105 is transmitted to the gear unit 106 and covers the gear unit 106. As described above, the transmission case 107 is fixed to the bracket 102. The rotation of the gear portion 106 is transmitted to the paste pump 109, and a suction port 109a of the paste pump 109 is connected to and communicates with the paste tank 103, and paste fertilizer from the suction port 109a is fed by the paste pump 109. , From the discharge port 109b to the distribution valves 25, 25 of the fertilizer applicator 2 via a small-diameter high-pressure hose 110. A drain port 109c is provided on the lower surface of the paste pump 109. The upper portion of the paste tank 103 is pressed by a band 111 and attached to the bracket 102. A front bumper 112 is provided between the engine frame 101 and the bracket 102.

The hydraulic pump of the tractor 1 is configured to connect or drain an oil passage to the hydraulic motor 105 by a valve at a set position above and below the fertilizer applicator 2 by a set rotation amount of a lift arm.

8 and FIG. 9 and FIG. 1 and FIG.
The difference from the embodiment shown in the figure is that the fertilizer applicator 2 shown in FIGS.
The paste pump 21 of the tractor 1
The paste pump 109 is transferred to the third side, and the suction pump 23 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 becomes unnecessary, and the subtotal high-pressure hose 110 is newly installed, and the hydraulic cylinders 77, 77 shown in FIG. The other configuration is the same.

Also, the large-diameter and long suction hose 23 is unnecessary,
Since the small-diameter high-pressure hose 110 is provided, a large amount of unused paste fertilizer accumulates in the suction hose 23, and the paste pump 21 also rises when the fertilizer applicator 2 rises, so that the paste fertilizer flows back to the paste tank 22 and suctions. Hose 23
Problems caused by installing a suction hose 23 such that air accumulates, air is easily mixed and it is difficult to remove, and the discharge amount fluctuates, and it is troublesome to remove the paste fertilizer remaining in the suction hose 23 after fertilization work Can be eliminated.

Further, since the small-diameter high-pressure hose 110 is used, the hose 110 can be freely arranged without obstructing the flow of the paste fertilizer.

In the above-described embodiment, the fertilizer applicator for asparagus has been described.However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same applies to other paste or liquid fertilizers, such as one in which a fertilizer / seeder is mounted on a traveling part of a riding rice transplanter. Of course, it can be applied.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 is a side view showing a fertilizer applicator to which the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a schematic overall view showing a tractor and fertilizer to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 3 is a rear view showing a fertilizer to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing a nozzle and a limit switch according to the present invention, FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a main part of a nozzle arm holder, FIG. 6 is an electric system diagram of the limit switch, and FIG. Circuit diagram, FIG. 8 is a bottom side view of a paste tank showing another embodiment, FIG. 9 is a schematic general view showing a tractor and a fertilizer applicator showing another embodiment, and FIG. 10 is a fertilizer showing another embodiment. FIG. 11 is a side view of the machine, and FIG. 11 is a rear view thereof. 1 ... traveling body (tractor), 2 ... fertilizer applicator, 42 ... crank arm (upper crank arm), 47 ... crank arm (lower crank arm), 65 ... detecting means (limit switch), 66 ... Control means (electromagnetic valve), 69 ...
… Nozzle, 77 …… Raising means (hydraulic cylinder).

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fertilizer applicator comprising: supplying fertilizer to a nozzle mounted on a traveling machine body and supported by tips of upper and lower crank arms; and injecting the fertilizer into the ground from the tip of the nozzle in a dot-like manner. Lifting means for raising the machine to a position where the tip of the nozzle comes off the ground; detecting means for detecting that an excessive lateral force has acted on the nozzle; And a control means for operating the means.