JP2806736B2 - Random pulse generator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a random pulse generator for randomly generating a number of pulses corresponding to the number of decay particles randomly emitted from a radioactive substance.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 7 shows an outline of a pachinko machine incorporating a general random pulse generator. In FIG. 7, on the board 1 side, a top hole 2 of a winning hole into which a ball enters from above, and a pair of windmills 3 and 4 for repelling the ball are provided. Below the top hole 2, the top 5 of the winning hole in which the ball enters, the sides 6, 7, the slate 8, 9, the exit 10 of the missed ball, the upper tray 11 for receiving the outgoing ball and supplying the ball to the firing section. , A handle 12 for firing a ball,
A lower tray 13 is provided. Also, a large number of nails are driven into predetermined positions on the board surface 1, and a reel window 15 is provided on the ceiling 5. Three reel windows 15 are provided at the left, middle, and right, and numbers 0 to 9 are independently displayed. When the ball is put into the upper receiving tray 11 and the handle 12 is turned, the ball is fired by a predetermined device. The ball rotates on the board 1 and hits a nail to enter the ceiling hole 2 or the like, or to exit 10
Get out of. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a game board of a pachinko machine, a pachinko ball exits from a front side to a rear side through a winning hole such as a ceiling hole 2 or through an exit 10 of a missed ball.

Each time the handle 12 is turned, a ball is fired and the three reels 2 shown in FIG.
0 are simultaneously driven to rotate. One of the winning holes, top hole 2
Etc., the balls 20 are stopped independently and independently. In the reel window 15, for example, when three numbers 7, 7, 7 are arranged, a hit is set in advance. Although any three numbers may be set in advance in the determination circuit, for example, the numbers 7, 7, and 7 are set to be easy to see. Numbers 0 to 9 are displayed on the surface of each reel 20 at the middle left and right.
Each of the middle and right reels 20 stops at an independent angular position. When each reel 20 stops, if 7, 7, 7 are aligned, it will be a hit, and the door of Tenyoko 5 will be opened to make it easy for winning balls to enter, or the hit balls will be increased, for example, by 50 times, and the receiving tray from the return opening 16 11 is to discharge a ball. The numbers in each reel window 15 are random numbers as to what comes at the time of stop, and each number stops independently at each reel window 15 with a certain probability .

[0004] However, since the mechanical configuration described above increases the cost, recent pachinko machines use a different method to determine the hit. As another method, every time the handle 12 is turned, three groups of random numbers are updated and generated independently, and when a ball is placed in the top hole 2 of the winning hole, the generation of each random number is stopped independently and simultaneously. I do. For example, when three numbers 7, 7, 7 are arranged in the latch circuit, a hit is preset. The random number of each group at the time of stoppage is a specific 7,
It is a hit if aligned with 7, 7. In each group, three groups of hexadecimal numbers 1: 7 AFB F5F7 EBEE D7DC AFB arranged in the following order regardless of order:
B: F7132: F713 7AFB F5F7
EBEE D7DC AFBB ・ ・ ・ 3 ： ・ ・ ・
F713 7AFB F5F7 EBEE D7DC
The AFBB and the like are rotating at a predetermined cycle, and the starting position is irrelevant for each group. At the time of stop, the indicated value (number) of each group at that time is electronically read through a time window. ing. That is, a predetermined gate circuit is opened at the time of stopping when the player enters the winning hole, and the current number of each group is held in the latch circuit, and the held value is adopted as a random number or a random number.

In such a method, for the player,
The display numbers on the display reel window 15 are forcibly aligned to, for example, 7, 7, 7 by a predetermined drive circuit if a hit, and the numbers are forcibly adjusted to a non-aligned number by a predetermined drive circuit if they deviate. In such a method, if the reel window 15 is not a mechanical cylinder but a digital display panel of an electronic device, the manufacture is easy and the cost is low.

[0006]

As described above, in a conventional pachinko machine and a game machine, as a method for obtaining a random number for generating a hit, for example, if one reel is used, 0 is used.
The numbers 219 to 219 are circulated in a certain cycle, one number is selected at a certain timing, and a win is determined by comparing whether or not the number at that time is a preset hit number. In this case, the hit probability is 1/220. Therefore, a predetermined number of numerical values are circulated at a certain cycle. Since this circulation depends on the internal clock, there is a problem that the random number is not a perfect random number but a bias. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for determining the occurrence of a hit with a predetermined probability corresponding to a more perfect random number, and a random pulse generator without a bias.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a radioactive substance which emits radiation and decays with the passage of time t according to a predetermined decay constant λ. , Β, γ-rays capture each radiation as particles having a predetermined energy level,
The point that the emission distribution of these particles follows an exponential function, and for this exponential function, the probability that the number of the particles emitted in a time interval h at an arbitrary time a is k is obtained from the exponential function. Focusing on the point according to the probability Pk, from the probability Pk that k particles are radiated in the time section h, conversely, solve the above-mentioned probability of substituting a predetermined probability value in advance for the number of detections, and calculate a natural number approximating this value. A radiation detection device that detects whether or not the number of emitted particles is k, where k is a number, and a semiconductor that converts the particles into an electric signal having an intensity corresponding to the energy level thereof, and A time-constant signal circuit for generating a time-constant signal due to a discharge transient, and a counting circuit for counting as particle emission if the time-constant signal is at an energy level in an intensity range corresponding to the particle; It consists of a setting circuit for setting a valid counting time in the circuit, within a valid counting time was a random pulse generator for generating a number of pulses corresponding to the number of particles randomly emitted in accordance with radiation distribution.

[0008]

The semiconductor detector converts the particles into an electric signal having an intensity corresponding to the energy level, and generates a time constant signal from the electric signal in a time constant signal circuit due to a transient phenomenon of discharge. If the time constant signal is an energy level in the intensity range corresponding to the particles, the counting circuit counts the emission of the particles as emission of the particles, and sets a valid counting time for the counting circuit by the setting circuit. Within a valid counting time, a pulse can be generated randomly corresponding to the number of particles randomly emitted according to the emission distribution. A natural random hit probability is generated by using the probability of natural decay of radioactive material (RI) as the hit occurrence probability of the gaming machine. Until now, it is possible to eliminate the bias caused by creating the probability of hitting artificially (for example, software). Since natural phenomena are used, it is possible to obtain a hit probability without human injustice, and to update the hit probability fairly as needed.

[0009]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the principle of a random pulse generator according to the present invention. The nuclides of natural or artificial radioactive materials are α, β,
Spontaneously decays by emitting gamma rays, in which case it decays according to a predetermined decay constant specific to each substance. In succession, emitted α, β, and γ rays are detected at predetermined time intervals. Now let's focus on α rays. For example, in Amerisum 241 Am, A alpha rays (helium atoms) are emitted per unit time (100 atoms / second). However, although it is a natural phenomenon that A is released in a certain unit time, there are cases where 20 are released in a certain unit time, 36 are released, and there is no release at all. The fact is that if measured for a long time, A pieces will be released in a certain unit time.

[0010] Here, by changing the perception that an average of A rays are emitted per unit time, attention is paid to the time intervals of α rays that are successively emitted (detected), and the α ray from the preceding α ray is succeeded. The method of emission is defined by the stochastic movement of the variable of the time until the emission of, that is, the probability distribution. It is known from empirical rules that the time variable at this time always follows a certain probability distribution according to a predetermined decay constant λ unique to each nuclide.
Such a probability distribution belongs to the theory of arrival in mathematical theory, and the state of α-ray decay at the emission time interval t is represented by an exponential distribution as shown in FIG.

The function showing the exponential distribution is a density function represented by the following equation: F (t) = λ e −λt｝ (1) In the following, the inside of ｛｝ indicates an exponent part, which is the average value 1 / λ. This average value corresponds to the average value of the emission time interval of one α-ray, and the number of α-rays detected in a certain unit time is 1 / (1 / λ) = λ.
The decay constant of λ is completely known for existing nuclides based on the data of Amerisum 241Am, known physical laws and experimental techniques. To detect the emission of α-rays, it is easier to detect the number of α-rays emitted in a certain time zone than to measure the detection time interval. In the decay of Amerisum 241Am, since the emission time interval of one α-ray matches the exponential function F, the number of α-rays emitted in a certain time zone may be detected.

A function F (t) = in which the radiation distribution shows an exponential distribution
When obeying λ e {−λt}, the observation time interval h at an arbitrary time a, the number of α rays that decay within (a, a + h) is k
The individual probability Pk can be represented by the following equation. Pk = e ｛−λt｝ × (λh) ｛k｝ / k! (2) where k = 0, 1 , 2 , 3,... , K! Is the factorial of k. Further, e {−λt} is expressed as exp (−λt).
And (λh) {k} represents the (k) th power of (λh).
You. This distribution is a Poisson distribution, and the starting point a of the time section is
And its average is λh. Therefore, the average number of α-rays emitted per unit time is λ, where h = 1 hour.
Equation (2) is solved for the number k to obtain the following equation. That is, k = G (e · Pk · λ · h) (3). Here, e is the natural logarithm base, λ is Amerishumu 2
For the decay constant and the probability of 41 Am, Pk is set to 1/220, for example, and h is the clock frequency f of a control circuit such as a CPU.
Or set appropriately at 1 / f.

The probability Pk = 1/220 is a hit probability within a range defined by the pachinko machine industry and the law, and is an appropriate probability for inviting a modest gambling, not gambling, and a sound game. is there. The frequency f is the current CPU
Since h is, for example, 20 MHz, h can also be determined. Also, k
Is the number of α-ray particles that can be detected by a predetermined detector. By the way, the inventor of the present application has elucidated the principle of the random number based on the RI,
For example, a random pulse generator to which a radiation detector for detecting the number of α-ray particles is applied has been manufactured.

In FIG. 4, a radioactive capsule 30 is, for example, an amerisum 241 Am of an artificial radionuclide (substance, hereinafter referred to as RI) which emits minute amounts of α, β, and γ rays harmless to the human body. The α, β, and γ rays emitted from the radioactive capsule 30 are detected by the detection device 31.
The detection device 31 detects all α, β, and γ rays from the Amerisum 241Am one by one without missing, and outputs a detection signal to the measurement device 32. The measuring device 32 selects a predetermined radioactivity, α, β, or γ-ray from the signals for all the radiated particles according to the spectrum, and selects, for example, α selected within a predetermined time h. Count the lines. The measuring device 32 outputs the counted α-rays (number) to the counter 36. In the counter 36, the counted number of decay α-rays is accumulated and recorded for the set time h.

A predetermined time interval h is set in the measuring device 32 by a setting circuit 33, and the energy level of the radioactive particles is set from an input device 45 such as a keyboard. Since the energy levels of the α, β, and γ rays are different, the type of the radiated particles is determined. Counter 3
The comparison circuit 38 compares the total value x of 6 with the fixed value k0 of the read-only memory ROM 37. In the ROM 37, a constant of the number k0 giving the probability Pk = 1/220 is previously recorded for the α-ray. The comparison circuit 38 calculates the value x
When the value and the fixed value k0 match, a match signal p is output to the drive circuit 39. Upon receiving the coincidence signal p, the driving circuit 39
Outputs the same group of three codes to the electronic display device 40. The electronic display device 40 receiving the same code displays the number of the same code. If there is no coincidence signal p, the drive circuit 39 outputs different codes, and different numbers are displayed. The coincidence between the value x and the fixed value k0 is stochastic, and therefore the coincidence signal p is also generated randomly.

A database 42 relating to RI is connected to a counter 41 provided separately, and given a desired probability Pk and a frequency f of the CPU, the currently available RI and each RI are obtained.
The appropriate radioactive particles (equivalent to proper λ) and the specific number k are answered and output. Note that, for example, the number of α, β, and γ rays emitted from the Amerisum 241Am is statistically high at 100 / sec, so that λ = ddd (ddd is a predetermined constant), and f = 20 MHz (20,000,000)
Hz / sec), h = 0.1 sec (second), Pk = 1
/ 220, the desired number k = 32.

In the setting circuit 33, t = 0.1 and the input device 4
From 5, the α ray and the decay multiplier λ = ddd are set, respectively. A trigger pulse is generated from a sensor 35 requesting a hit determination, and upon receiving the trigger pulse, a starting pulse is given to a setting circuit 33 by a starting circuit 34, and from that time t =
Α rays are counted for 0.1 sec, and if the counted value is k = 32
, The comparison circuit 38 generates the coincidence signal p and outputs it to the drive circuit 39.

Radioactive capsule 30, detector 3 of FIG.
1. The fairness and function of the measuring device 32 and the setting circuit 33 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. The inventor of the present application used AmeliShum 241 Am for the radioactive capsule 30. The Amerisum 241Am is a radioactive capsule of α, β, and γ-ray sources used in a commercially available smoke detector.
Is composed of a PIN diode D, a coupling capacitor CC, a protection resistor R, a preamplifier 43, a resistor Rf for setting a time constant, a capacitor Cf, and an amplifier 46.

For the PIN diode D, a commercially available metal can sealing die is used by removing the metal part on the top surface to expose the surface of the silicon element. The silicon of the PIN diode D was opposed to the radioactive capsule 30 and housed in a cylindrical metal cylinder so that the α, β, and γ ray sources could easily enter the semiconductor. The bias voltage V is applied to the PIN diode D via the protection resistor 42. The PIN diode D is a pn-coupled semiconductor, and unstable electrons and unstable positive electrons are generated when charged α, β, and γ ray sources enter. The hole moves, so-called current flows, and a voltage fluctuation occurs at both ends of the PIN diode D.

This fluctuating voltage is weak and sent to the preamplifier 43 via the coupling capacitor Cc, where the current is amplified. This amplified current is fed back by the resistor Rf and the capacitor Cf, and outputs a time constant signal n which draws a discharge voltage curve shown in FIG. Amplifier 46
Amplifies this time constant signal n and outputs it to the measuring device 32. In FIG. 1, the measuring device 32 includes three discriminating circuits, and each discriminating circuit includes a first comparing circuit 50 and a second comparing circuit 5.
1 and a third comparison circuit 52. The first comparison circuit 50 uses the high voltage e1 for comparison and the time constant signal n, the second comparison circuit 51 uses the low voltage e2 for comparison and the time constant signal n, and the third comparison circuit 52 uses the comparison. The intermediate position voltage e3 is compared with the time constant signal n.

Reference voltage e1 (high voltage e1 for comparison) applied to the reference input end of first comparison circuit (discrimination circuit 1) 50
Is Ah at higher voltages to discriminate the high wave height signal n3 shown in FIG. 2
You. Further , the second comparison circuit (discrimination circuit 2) 51 shown in FIG.
The reference voltage applied to the reference input of e2 (low voltage for comparison e2) is a low voltage of <br/> for discriminating low height signal n2 shown in FIG. Also, a third comparison circuit (discrimination circuit 3)
The reference voltage e3 (intermediate position voltage e3) applied to the reference input terminal 52 is expressed as an intermediate wave height .
A high voltage for discriminating the high crest signal n3 and a low crest signal n
2 is a voltage at an intermediate position from a low voltage for discriminating 2 . Each of these reference voltages e1, e3, e2 is input apparatus 4
5 independently of each other and predetermined by the energy level of each stage.

The charged α, β, and γ rays penetrate the semiconductor detection element and move unstable electrons or unstable positive holes with weak coupling, thereby causing a voltage fluctuation at both ends of the PIN diode D. Each of the α, β, and γ-rays has its own energy level different from each other, and has different physical effects on unstable electrons and unstable positive holes. Therefore, the voltage fluctuation value is determined depending on which one of the charged α, β, and γ-ray particles enters. When the comparison conditions are met, the first comparison circuit 50 outputs a first discrimination signal A1 to the cancellation circuit 53, and the cancellation circuit 53 receives the first discrimination signal A1 and outputs a cancellation signal c.

When the comparison conditions are met, the second comparison circuit 51 outputs a second discrimination signal A2 to the first delay circuit 54 as a result.
The first delay circuit 54 receives the second discrimination signal A2 and outputs a first delay signal D1 having a duration approximately several times longer than that of the second discrimination signal A2 to the first rectangular pulse generation circuit 56 when the second discrimination signal A2 rises. The first rectangular pulse generating circuit 56 receives the first delay signal D1 and outputs a first judgment signal J1 at the time of its fall. Cancel signal c from cancel circuit 53
Is sent to the first delay circuit 54, and the cancel signal c
Is received by the first delay circuit 54, the first delay signal D
Stop output of 1.

The second discrimination signal A2 is also supplied to the second delay circuit 55
And the second delay circuit 55 outputs the second discrimination signal A2
At the time of the falling, the second delay signal D2 is changed to the second
Output to the rectangular pulse generation circuit 58. This second delayed signal D2 is about several times longer in duration than the second discrimination signal A2,
The first delay signal D1 and the end time are simultaneous. The second rectangular pulse generating circuit 58 receives the second delay signal D2 and outputs a second determination signal J2 at the time of its fall. The cancel signal c from the cancel circuit 53 is also sent to the second delay circuit 55, and the cancel signal c is sent to the second delay circuit 5
5 is received, the output of the second delay signal D2 is stopped.

The third comparing circuit 52 outputs the third discrimination signal A3 to the third rectangular pulse generating circuit 59 when the comparison conditions are satisfied.
Output to The third rectangular pulse generation circuit 59 receives the third discrimination signal A3 and outputs a third judgment signal J3 when the third discrimination signal A3 falls. Three kinds of first, second and third judgment signals J1,
J2 and L3 are input to the condition input terminals of the first AND circuit 60, and the first AND circuit 60 outputs the detection signal K to one of the condition input terminals of the second AND circuit 62 when these three conditions are satisfied. A mask pulse h is input from the setting circuit 33 to the other input terminal of the second AND circuit 62. During the duration of the mask pulse h, the second AND circuit 62 takes in the detection signals K which have arrived sequentially and outputs them to the counter 36. The counter 36 has a counting function and accumulates and stores the incoming detection signal K.

When the amplification degree and the standard of the preamplifier 43 and the amplifier 46 are set, the time constant signal n output from the amplifier 46, that is, each voltage fluctuation value V is set for each particle of α, β, and γ rays. predictable, in V = V0 · e {-a · Rf · Cf · t}, measuring instrumentation
Can be determined according to the location . Where V0 is the reference voltage
Where a is a constant and Rf is the resistance value of the resistor Rf.
Where Cf is the capacitance of the capacitor Cf and t is the radiation
Time interval. Specifically, in the case of α rays, the voltage fluctuation value V determined in accordance with the design specification of the measuring device 32 as a whole is easily determined that the high voltage is between e1 and the low voltage is between e2. it can. Therefore, on the measuring device 32 of the present embodiment, counting is performed as α rays only when the observed voltage fluctuation value V is between the high voltage e1 and the low voltage e2. When the high-voltage fluctuation value is higher than the high voltage e1, the cause of the effect is mostly due to high energy due to lightning or sparks from a motor or the like. Since it is not α-ray, it is regarded as noise. Do not count. When the voltage fluctuation value is equal to or lower than the low voltage e2, it is almost always due to attenuated natural radiation or the intrinsic noise of the PIN diode D, and is not counted as noise because it is not an α ray.

As shown in FIG. 3, the voltage fluctuation value is between 0 mV and about 10 mV in the measuring device 32 of the present embodiment. Therefore, the high voltage e1 is set to 12 mV and the low voltage e2 is set to 8 mV. Further, the discharge time of the time constant signal n is 40 μsec at maximum, and the resolution is such that even if 30,000 to 40,000 α-rays (helium particles) arrive in one second, the resolution accuracy can be counted. The number of decay of Americium 241Am is about 10 at most
Since the number is 0 / sec, detection can be performed with high accuracy even if a signal delay on a circuit of 40 msec or more or a variation in pulse rising accuracy is taken into account.

In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis represents various time constant signals n discharged over time as n1, n2, n.
3 and n4, and the horizontal axis shows the signal waveform at each point of the measuring device 32 in FIG. 1 in the form of a wave height. First, a so-called normal signal n1 whose voltage fluctuation value indicates an α ray (helium particles)
(At the time between the high voltage e1 and the low voltage e2)
The portion of the voltage fluctuation value equal to or higher than the low voltage e2 is detected by the second comparison circuit 51 in FIG.
Nothing is detected by the comparison circuit 50), and the second discrimination signal A2 is generated and output to the first delay circuit 54. The second discrimination signal A2 generates a wide first delay signal D1 in the first delay circuit 54 at the same time as the rise, and outputs it to the first rectangular pulse generation circuit 56. The second discrimination signal A2 is also output to the second delay circuit 55, and the second discrimination signal A2 generates a slightly wide second delay signal D2 in the second delay circuit 55 at the same time as the fall, and the second rectangular pulse Is output to the generation circuit 58. The first rectangular pulse generating circuit 56 receives the first delay signal D1 and outputs the first judgment signal J1 at the falling edge thereof to the first AND signal.
The second rectangular pulse generating circuit 58
Receives the second delay signal D2 and outputs the second judgment signal J2 to the first AND circuit 60 at the falling edge (the connection time is set so that the falling edges coincide with D1> D2).

Further, a voltage portion at an intermediate position corresponding to a portion equal to or higher than the voltage e3 is detected by the third comparison circuit 52, a third discrimination signal A3 is generated, and a third rectangular pulse generation circuit 59 is generated.
Is output to At the same time as the fall of the third discrimination signal A3, the third rectangular pulse generation path 59 generates a third judgment signal J3 and outputs it to the first AND circuit 60. The first AND circuit 60 outputs the detection signal K only when all of the first determination signal J1, the second determination signal J2, and the third determination signal J3 are complete.
Output to AND circuit 62. The second AND circuit 62 passes the detection signal K that arrives (occurs) for the valid period h given in the form of a pulse from the setting circuit 33 and outputs it to the counter 36.

On the other hand, when the voltage fluctuation value is α-ray (helium particles)
And the time constant signal n2 of low wave height (when the generated signal is lower than the low voltage e2) due to so-called attenuated natural radiation or the like does not have a portion of the voltage fluctuation value higher than the low voltage e2. No detection is performed even at 51 (of course, there is no high voltage e1 portion, so nothing is detected at the first comparison circuit 50), and the second discrimination signal A2 is not generated. Therefore, neither the first judgment signal J1 nor the second judgment signal J2 thereafter is generated.

However, since there is a voltage portion at an intermediate position corresponding to a portion equal to or higher than the voltage e3, the voltage is detected by the third comparison circuit 52, the third discrimination signal A3 is generated, and the third rectangular pulse generation circuit 59 Is output. This third discrimination signal A3
Accordingly, the third rectangular pulse generation circuit 59 outputs the third determination signal J3
And outputs it to the first AND circuit 60. 1st AND
The circuit 60 does not output the detection signal K and the output signal because there is no first judgment signal J1 and no second judgment signal J2 and only the third judgment signal J3 is given. Therefore, the attenuated natural radiation and the like can be completely excluded from the counting.

Conversely, when the voltage fluctuation value is α-ray (helium particles)
The time constant signal n3 (when the generated signal is higher than the high voltage e1) of a high wave height caused by a lightning strike or a spark of a motor or the like has a portion of a voltage fluctuation value equal to or higher than both high and low voltages e1 and e2. This portion is detected by the first comparison circuit 50 and the second comparison circuit 51, and the narrow first discrimination signal A1 is changed to 53, and the wide second discrimination signal A2 is changed to the first delay circuit 54 and the second delay circuit. 55 respectively. The cancel circuit 53 generates a cancel signal c at the falling edge of the narrow first discrimination signal A1, and generates the first delay signal D1 and the second delay signal D2 for the first delay circuit 54 and the second delay circuit 55. Is prohibited, no subsequent first determination signal J1 or the like is generated.

At this time, since the voltage portion at the intermediate position corresponding to the portion equal to or higher than the voltage e3 is large, the portion is detected by the third comparison circuit 52, and the third discrimination signal A3 is generated to generate the third discrimination signal A3. The signal is output to the rectangular pulse generation circuit 59. The third rectangular pulse generation circuit 59 is generated by the third discrimination signal A3.
Generates a third determination signal J3 and outputs it to the first AND circuit 60. However, the first AND circuit 60 does not output the detection signal and the detection signal K because there is no first judgment signal J1 and no second judgment signal J2 and only the third judgment signal J3 is given. Therefore, noise due to lightning or sparks from a motor or the like can be completely excluded from the counting.

Finally, the voltage fluctuation value does not indicate α-rays (helium particles), and the cause cannot be identified.
Signal n that is close to a sine waveform instead of the waveform of the time constant signal n
4 Explain the case where the wave height falls within the range of the α-rays in the wave height. The portion of the voltage fluctuation value equal to or higher than the low voltage e2 is detected by the second comparing circuit 51 (the high voltage e2).
Nothing is detected by the first comparison circuit 50 because there is no 1).
Second discrimination signal A that is several times wider than α-rays (neutron particles)
2 is generated and output to the first delay circuit 54. The wide second discrimination signal A2 generates a first delay signal D1 in the first delay circuit 54 at the same time as the rise, and outputs the first delay signal D1 to the first rectangular pulse generation circuit 56. This wide second discrimination signal A2
Is also output to the second delay circuit 55, and the wide second discrimination signal A2 is output at the same time as the delayed falling.
5, a wide second delay signal D2 is generated with a delay and output to the second rectangular pulse generation circuit 58.

The first rectangular pulse generating circuit 56 receives the first delay signal D1 and receives the first judgment signal J
1 is output to the first AND circuit 60. The second delay circuit 58 receives the delayed second delay signal D2 and outputs a delayed second determination signal J2 to the first AND circuit 60 at the fall. That is, the second judgment signal J2 is generated later than the first judgment signal J1 by the time t when the width of the wide second discrimination signal A2 becomes wide.

A voltage portion at an intermediate position corresponding to a portion equal to or higher than the voltage e3 is detected by the third comparison circuit 52, and a third discrimination signal A3 is generated.
Is output to The third rectangular pulse generation circuit 59 generates the third determination signal J3 at the same time as the falling of the third discrimination signal A3, and outputs it to the first AND circuit 60. The first AND circuit 60 receives the first determination signal J1 and the third determination signal J3 at the same time. However, since the second determination signal J2 is input with a delay of t in time, the condition is not satisfied, so that the detection signal is not obtained. Do not output K. Therefore, indefinite noises other than natural radiation, lightning strikes, sparks of motors and the like can be completely excluded from the counting.

In FIG. 2, all of the pulse height discrimination signals A1,
By measuring A2 and A3, it is possible to confirm whether or not this apparatus is operating normally.

In FIG. 2, all of the pulse height discrimination signals A 1,
By measuring A2 and A3 and detecting which signal is being generated periodically, it is possible to monitor whether or not fraud has occurred.

Now, the above-described equation k = G (e · Pk · λ · h) (3) is combined with the measuring device 32 of FIG. 4 to form a random pulse generator, which is used to generate a winning probability. The function as a device will be described in detail. Here, e is a natural logarithm, and λ is Amelishum 241A.
Because of the decay constant of m, these values are uniquely determined and cannot be changed, as long as the source of Amerisum 241 Am is used. However, the probability Pk is 1/22
0, the observation time h is 0.1 second, and the number K is 3
When two observations can be made, a pulse is generated and a hit occurs. However, the Amerishum 241Am emits 32 α rays with a probability of 1/220 when observed for 0.1 second, and 32 are measured at some times, and at a certain time, there are few α rays. Or many. Conversely, if the number value expected to be measured is changed, the probability can be changed, and the comparison circuit 38 generates pulses almost completely at random.

In FIG. 6, a general pachinko machine is used as shown in FIG.
And a sensor 35 for detecting that a ball has passed is provided in a winning hole such as the top hole 2.
It can be a hit determination device. With this invention,
The method of generating the hit of the pachinko machine by software can be changed to a method of a random pulse generator using a physical phenomenon that generates radiation. The α-rays emitted from the spontaneously decaying nuclides are measured, and are used as hits when the number of measurements within a certain time reaches a predetermined value. That is, in this hit determination device, the ball is
The RI is counted for 0.1 second from the time when the player enters the winning opening, etc.
When the clock value reaches k = 32, it is determined to be a hit, the numbers 7, 7, and 7 are displayed on the reel window 15, and 50 payouts are discharged to the upper tray 11.

In the case of another game machine having a different hit probability, the above set values, λ = ddd, t = 0.1 sec
c, Pk = 1/220, α ray etc. are changed to other data,
Change to another nuclide or radioactive capsule radioactive capsule 30,
You can set your favorite hit probability. In a pachinko machine or the like equipped with such a random pulse generator of the present invention, the hit probability does not depend on software or mechanical structure, so the hit probability is constant at any time. For the players, the probability of hitting within the specified range is secured, and for the shop, the work of stopping and changing the settings by the consecutive chan is reduced, contributing to the spread of pachinko machines. Conventionally, the software for determining the hit cannot avoid impropriety, but since the present application uses a natural phenomenon, artificial improper improper use is impossible. In this example, the alpha decay of Amerisum 241 Am is used as a relatively easily nuclide,
As described above, the semiconductor is energized by α decay.
I can be anything else.

[0042]

As described above, according to the random pulse generator of the present invention, since the collapse of RI which occurs as a random phenomenon in the natural world is utilized, there is no bias due to manufacturing technology and time change, and the fair pulse is always obtained. You can create a hit probability.
In addition, in a pachinko machine equipped with the random pulse generator of the present application, if hits occur continuously, even if a so-called consecutive change occurs, the hit probability becomes constant over a long period of time, such as a unit of one day. Eliminates variations due to
In addition, conventionally, it took a long time to decode software written in the ROM of the pachinko machine in the completion inspection, but this application manufactured a random pulse generator as a single unit separately from the pachinko machine Because of this, handling is simplified, and verification, testing, and production are facilitated. This random pulse generator can be applied not only to pachinko machines but also to games using random numbers or random number generators.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a random pulse generator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of a signal for explaining the operation of the random pulse generator according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of a time constant signal according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a circuit in which the random pulse generator of the present invention is applied to a device for determining a hit.

FIG. 5 is an exponential function diagram showing a collapse phenomenon used in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an overall configuration diagram of a pachinko machine using the random pulse generator of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a view showing the front of a general pachinko machine.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a conventional reel structure for determining occurrence.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 30 radioactive capsule 32 measuring device 33 setting circuit 34 starting circuit 35 sensor 36 counter 37 ROM 38 comparing circuit 39 driving circuit 40 electronic display device 43 the amplifier Rf resistance Cf capacitor D diode 50 first discriminating circuit 51 second discriminating circuit 52 third Discrimination circuit 53 Cancel circuit 54 First delay circuit 55 Second delay circuit 56 First rectangular pulse generation circuit 57 Second rectangular pulse generation circuit 58 Second type pulse generation circuit 59 Third rectangular pulse generation circuit 60 First AND circuit 60 Second AND circuit

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) H03K 3/84 A63F 7/02 333 G06F 7/58

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A radioactive substance that radiates and decays with the elapse of time t according to a predetermined decay constant λ. Each of the radiation components α, β, and γ rays has a predetermined energy level with respect to α, β, and γ rays. Caught as particles
Radiation distribution of these particles exponential function of the following equation, F (t) = λe { -λt} where e is the natural logarithm base, in {} represents the exponent of e,
That is, a point that follows the distribution of e ｛−λt represents exp {−λt}, and in this function F, a time interval h at an arbitrary time a
The number of the particles radiated within (a, a + h) is k
The probability Pk of the number is represented by the following equation: Pk = e ｛−λt｝ × (λh) ｛k｝ / k! Here, k = 0, 1, 2, 3,..., K! = 1 · 2 · 3 ··· k (factorial), (λh) {k} represents the (k) th power of (λh) . Note that the following equation is solved for the number k. The following equation is obtained: k = G (e, Pk, λ, h). Here, the function G is a value obtained by substituting a predetermined real number into the above e, Pk, λ, h. A radiation detecting apparatus for detecting whether or not the number of emitted particles is k, where k is an approximate natural number, and wherein the semiconductor converts the particles into an electric signal having an intensity corresponding to the energy level of the particles. A detection element, a time constant signal circuit for generating a time constant signal due to a transient phenomenon of discharge from the electric signal, and a counter for counting as emission of the particle if the time constant signal is an energy level in an intensity range corresponding to the particle. A circuit and a setting circuit for setting an effective counting time for the counting circuit. Rannahli, wherein within valid count time, the radiation distribution random pulse generator for generating a number of pulses corresponding to the number of the particles randomly emitted in accordance. 2. When an electric signal other than the time constant signal arrives having an energy level in an intensity range corresponding to the particle, counting of the electric signal as not emission of the particle is excluded. 2. The random pulse generator according to claim 1, wherein an exclusion circuit is added to said counting circuit. 3. The random pulse generator according to claim 2, wherein a circuit for judging the presence / absence of a signal other than the time constant signal by counting the number of excluded signals is added in the elimination circuit.