JP3367729B2 - Random pulse generator - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a random pulse generator which counts the radiation (α, β, γ rays) of decay particles randomly emitted from a radioactive substance to generate a pulse at random.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in pachinko machines and game machines,
When there is a ball in the winning hole or the like, the generation of the random number created by the software and written in the ROM is stopped, and when the random number at that time coincides with the preset hit value, the hit is generated. In the above-mentioned conventional technique, since the numerical value of the predetermined value is circulated in a certain cycle, there is a bias in the winning rather than in the perfect random number. Also, because the random number created by the program was written in the ROM, it is possible to convert it to a ROM with a changed probability of hitting, or find a program that causes a hit exceeding the authorized probability under certain conditions from the outside. By putting in a ROM in a form that is hard to be tampered with, there were cases where fraud was easily made. By the way, from summer to autumn 1993, a newspaper magazine reported an illegal case that changed the probability of pachinko parlors.

[0003]

In conventional pachinko machines and game machines, a predetermined number of values is circulated in a certain cycle as a method of obtaining a random number for generating a hit .
Since this circulation depends on the internal clock, there is a problem that it is not a perfect random number but is unevenly distributed. Also, since the random numbers created by the program were written in the ROM, the ROM with changed probability and the regular ROM
There was a problem that you could convert and. An object of the present invention is to provide a random pulse generator that is not biased and cannot be tampered with by utilizing radiation that naturally decays. The prior application to which the present application is related is Japanese Patent Application No. 5-100164 by the same inventor. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for eliminating hit bias and determining a hit occurrence under a predetermined probability corresponding to a more complete random number, and a random pulse generator having no hit bias.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention captures α, β, and γ rays emitted by radioactive substances as particles having a predetermined energy level. The point that the radiation distribution of particles follows the distribution of an exponential function, and the probability Pk that the number of particles radiated in this exponential function is k in a predetermined time interval is
The points displayed by Poisson's distribution formula and the number of particles k are
Focusing on random emission according to a certain probability, the count value of particles detected by the radiation detection circuit is compared with a reference value that gives a certain probability set in advance, and an hourly pulse is generated when these match. In the random pulse generator to be made, weak radioactive material, and arranged to face the radioactive material and occupy a predetermined exposure solid angle,
A semiconductor detection element that converts a particle into an electric signal having an intensity corresponding to its energy level, an amplification circuit that generates a time constant signal from this electric signal and amplifies it, and this time constant signal has an intensity range corresponding to the particle. A medium wave height discriminator that discriminates energy levels, a high wave height discriminator that discriminates high energy levels with a time constant signal higher than the intensity corresponding to particles as noise, and a time constant signal corresponds to particles. A low pulse height discriminator that distinguishes low energy levels below the intensity as noise, a counting circuit that counts and holds the discriminated signal as the number of particles, and a counting time for continuing the counting operation for this counting circuit. And a setting circuit that sets it to be changeable by programming, and a memory that sets the reference value that gives the target probability to be changeable by programming. And a random pulse generator comprising comparing circuit Toka et for outputting a pulse After match comparing the count value with a reference value held in the counter circuit a total within a few hours.

[0005]

[Function] The exposure solid angle, the counting time, and the reference value are set according to the target probability, and various hit probabilities can be set. By utilizing the probability that the RI naturally collapses as the occurrence probability, a natural random probability can be generated, and various probabilities can be generated according to a mathematical operation as needed.

[0006]

The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the principle of the random pulse generator according to the present invention. Nuclides of natural or artificial radioactive substances radiate α, β, γ rays and spontaneously decay, in which case they decay according to a predetermined decay constant specific to each substance. As described in the evening edition of page 10 of Nikkei newspaper on November 24, 1993, the process (decay) of unstable atoms that emit radiation to become other atoms occurs with "a certain probability determined by the type of atom". It is a thing. In the present application, a very small amount of radioactive substance that does not affect the human body is used.
A trace amount of radioactive material is used in this application by Amersham of the United Kingdom, which is widely used in Japan for smoke detectors.
I am using 1 Am. The α, β and γ rays emitted successively from such a radioactive substance are detected at predetermined time intervals. For simplicity, the explanation will focus on the α ray. For example, with Americum 241 Am, A number of α rays (helium atoms) are emitted per unit time (1 to 500 /
Seconds). However, even if A pieces are released in a certain unit time, since it is a natural phenomenon, there are cases in which 20 pieces are released, 36 pieces are released in a certain unit time, and there is no release at all. However, it is a fact that if it is measured for a long time, A pieces are emitted with a certain probability at a certain unit time and B pieces are emitted with another probability (details will be described later).

The function of exponential distribution representing the natural collapse is the density function represented by the formula F (t) = Ae {-λt} (1) representing the graph of FIG. Below, the number in {} indicates an index .
This average value is 1 / λ. This average value corresponds to the average value of the emission time intervals of one α ray, and therefore the number of α rays detected in a certain unit time is 1 / (1 / λ) = λ. The decay constant of λ is known almost exactly not only for Americum Am but also for existing nuclides. In order to detect the emission of α rays, it is easier to detect the number of α rays emitted in a certain time zone than to measure the detection time interval. For the decay of americum, the emission time interval of one α-ray matches the exponential function F, so the number of α-rays emitted in a certain time zone may be detected.

A function F (t) = whose radiation distribution shows an exponential distribution
When Ae {-λt} is followed, the number of α-rays that collapse in the observation time interval h, (a, a + h) at an arbitrary time a is k.
The probability Pk of being individual can be expressed by the following equation. Pk = e {-λt} · (λh) {k} / k! (2) Here, k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., k! Is the factorial of k. This distribution is a Poisson distribution, irrespective of the starting point a of the time section, and its average value is λh. Therefore, the average number of α rays radiated in a unit time is λ when h = 1 hour. The equation (2) is solved for the number k to obtain the following equation.
That is, k = G (e · Pk · λ · h) (3) Here, e is the natural logarithm, λ is the americum A
The decay constant of m and the probability Pk are set to 1/220, and h is the frequency f or 1 of the clock of the control circuit such as CPU.
Set appropriately with / f.

The probability Pk = 1/220 is a hit probability determined by the pachinko machine industry or the law, and invites a proper euphoria,
It is a proper probability for a healthy game that does not run gambling. The frequency f is 20M in the current CPU.
Since it is Hz, h can also be determined. Further, k is the number of α-ray particles that can be detected by a predetermined detector. Now, the inventor of the present application has clarified the principle of random numbers based on the RI, and has manufactured a random pulse generator to which a radiation detector for detecting the number of α-ray particles is applied.

In FIG. 4, the radioactive capsule 30 includes:
The artificial radionuclide Americum 241 Am, which emits minute amounts of α, β, and γ rays that are harmless to the human body, is stored. The α, β and γ rays emitted from the radioactive capsule 30 are detected by the detection device 31. The detection device 31 is arranged close to the radioactive capsule 30 with the detection surface facing.
The radiation is converted by the detector 31 into an electric signal corresponding to the energy level. The detection device 31 detects the detection device 31 from the α, β and γ rays emitted from the Amerisum Am.
All particles within the solid angle ω occupied by are detected one by one without omission, and a detection signal is output to the discrimination circuit 32. Discrimination circuit 32
Selects a specific radioactivity α-ray from the signals of all the emitted particles according to the energy spectrum, and counts the selected α-rays within a set predetermined time h. The discrimination circuit 32 outputs the counted value (number) to the counter 36.
The counted number of decay α rays is accumulated in the counter 36 for the set time h (about 1 second) and is held.

In the discrimination circuit 32, a predetermined time interval h (measurement time) from the setting circuit 33 is input to the input device 4 such as a variable resistor.
From 5, the energy levels of the radioactive particles are set respectively. The cumulative value x of the counter 36 and the reference value k0 in the read-only memory ROM 37 are compared by the comparison circuit 38. In the ROM 37, regarding the α ray, for example,
The number k0 of constants giving the probability Pk = 1/220 is recorded. If the probability Pk is other than 1/220, the reference value k0 also changes. The comparison circuit 38 outputs the coincidence signal p to the drive circuit 39 when the value x coincides with the fixed value k0. Upon receiving the coincidence signal p, the drive circuit 39 causes the electronic display device 40 to
The display of the hit is output.

If there is no coincidence signal p, the drive circuit 39 outputs an out-of-range display and the out-of-range number is displayed. Whether or not the value x becomes the fixed value k0 is a probability of 1/220, and therefore the coincidence signal p is randomly generated with a probability of 1/220. The setting circuit 33 receives the activation pulse from the start circuit 34 and opens the mask of the measurement time. Sensor 34
Detects that a ball has entered the winning opening 35 of the pachinko machine and generates a start pulse.

The radioactive capsule 30 and the detection device 3 of FIG.
1, the configuration and function of the discrimination circuit 32, the setting circuit 33, and the ROM 37 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. The inventor of the present application encapsulates the radioactive capsule 30 and the detection device 31 in a copper can, and occupies the solid angle ω in the radiation space with respect to the nuclide.
The radiation dose was stabilized by fixing the. Detection device 31
If the exposure dose is unstable, the measured values will be inaccurate and stable probability cannot be obtained. The detection device 31 will be described here using a PIN diode of a semiconductor detector as an example. In addition, an ionization chamber, a GM tube, a scintillation counter, a comparison counter tube, and other semiconductor detectors such as a Ge detector can be used as the detector.

In FIG. 6, the detecting device 31 comprises a PIN diode D, a coupling capacitor Cc, a protection resistor R, a preamplifier 43, a resistor Rf for setting a time constant, a capacitor Cf and an amplifier 46. The weak signal detected by the PIN diode D is the preamplifier 43 and the amplifier 46.
It is amplified into a discharge type pulse signal having a voltage level proportional to the intensity of radiation. Here, the preamplifier 43 is FE
There are commercially available T and transistors such as transistors, but in order to reduce the number of components, an FET input operational amplifier is used. The amplifier 43 and the amplifier 46 are connected via the capacitor 100 because they use a single power supply voltage.

As the PIN diode D, a commercially available metal can sealing type is used by removing the metal portion on the top surface to expose the surface of the silicon element. The silicon surface of the PIN diode D was made to face the radioactive capsule 30 and housed in a box-shaped metal can so that (natural) α rays could easily enter from the outside. Bias voltage V is passed through protection resistor R to PIN diode D
The PIN diode D is a pn-coupled semiconductor, and when a charged α-ray enters, unstable electrons and unstable positive holes move, so-called energization occurs, and a voltage fluctuation occurs across the PIN diode D. Occur.

This fluctuating voltage is weak and is sent to the preamplifier 43 via the coupling capacitor Cc, where it is current-amplified. This amplified current is fed back by the resistor Rf and the capacitor Cf, and outputs a time constant signal n that generally describes a known discharge voltage curve to the amplifier 46. Amplifier 4
6 amplifies this time constant signal n and outputs it to the discrimination circuit 32. In FIG. 6, the discrimination circuit 32 includes a discrimination circuit 101 composed of three circuits, and each discrimination circuit is composed of a first comparison circuit 50, a second comparison circuit 51, and a third comparison circuit 52. Each of the comparison circuits 50 to 52 is an integrated circuit (IC), and is a discrimination circuit for separating a signal output from the amplifier 46 from a signal due to radiation and an external noise. The first comparison circuit 50 uses the comparison high voltage e1 and the time constant signal n, the second comparison circuit 51 uses the comparison low voltage e2 and the time constant signal n, and the third comparison circuit 52 uses the comparison high voltage e1 and the time constant signal n. The intermediate position voltage e3 is compared with the time constant signal n.

The reference voltage e1 applied to one input terminal of the first comparing circuit 50 is the upper limit voltage for discriminating the high wave height shown in FIG. 8, and the first comparing circuit 50 of the discriminating circuit has the high wave height, that is,
This is a circuit that distinguishes high voltage pulses as noise. The reference voltage e2 applied to one input end of the second comparison circuit 51 is a low voltage for discriminating the lower limit wave height shown in FIG.
This discrimination circuit is a circuit that discriminates a pulse having a low wave height, that is, a low voltage on the contrary, as noise. Third comparison circuit 52
The reference voltage e3 applied to one of the input terminals is an intermediate voltage (not intermediate between e1 and e2) of the wave height of the time constant signal n itself, and this discrimination circuit discriminates at a voltage higher than the intermediate voltage.
Generates timing signals. The intermediate voltage is exactly the voltage at the intermediate position of the time constant signal n shown in FIG. 8 (for picking up all signals first and later distinguishing them). Each of these reference voltages decreases in the order of e1, e2, and e3, and is set as predetermined by the energy level.

The charged α-rays enter the semiconductor detection element and move unstable electrons or unstable positive holes that are weakly coupled to generate a voltage fluctuation across the PIN diode D. Cancellation circuit 53 consisting of an integrated circuit of the flip-flop (IC), the first delay circuit 54, the first rectangular pulse generating circuit 56, second delay circuit 55, a second rectangular pulse generating circuit 58, the third rectangular pulse generating circuits 59 Is a timing adjustment circuit for the signals discriminated by the comparison circuits 50 to 52 of the discrimination circuit. These mutual operations will be described below with reference to FIG.

When the time constant signal n is noise higher than e1, the first comparison circuit 50 outputs the first discrimination signal A1 to the cancellation circuit 53, and the cancellation circuit 53 receives the first discrimination signal A1 and cancels the cancellation signal c. Is output.

The second comparison circuit 51 outputs the second discrimination signal A2 to the first delay circuit 54 when the time constant signal n is the signal of the α ray higher than e2, and the first delay circuit 54 outputs the second discrimination signal. When A2 is received, the first delay signal D1 having a duration about several times longer than that of the second discrimination signal A2 is output to the first rectangular pulse generation circuit 56 at the time of rising. The first rectangular pulse generating times <br/> circuit 56 at the falling thereof falling receiving first delay signal D1, and outputs a first determination signal J1. Cancel circuit 53
The cancel signal c from is sent to the first delay circuit 54, and when the cancel signal c is received by the first delay circuit 54, the output of the first delay signal D1 is stopped.

The second discrimination signal A2 is also sent to the second delay circuit 55.
The second delay circuit 55 outputs the second discrimination signal A2
In response to this, the second delayed signal D2
And outputs it to the rectangular pulse generating circuits 58. This second delay signal D2 is approximately several times longer in duration than the second discrimination signal A2,
The first delay signal D1 and the end time are the same. The second rectangular pulse generating circuits 58 when falling the trailing receives a second delayed signal D2, and outputs a second determination signal J2. The cancel signal c from the cancel circuit 53 is the second rectangular pulse generation.
Are sent to the even circuits 58, a cancel signal c second
When the rectangular pulse generator circuitry 58 is received, it stops the output of the second determination signal J2. This is higher voltage than e2,
The α-ray signal and the noise signal having a high wave height are also included, and the noise signal is eliminated by the cancel signal c.

The third comparator circuit 52 is a time constant signal n outputs a third discrimination signal A3 as a result is higher than e3 Third rectangular pulse generating circuits 59. The third rectangular pulse generating circuits 59
Receives the third discrimination signal A3 and outputs the third judgment signal J3 at the falling edge. Three kinds of first, second, third
The determination signals J1, J2, J3 are input to the condition input terminal of the first AND circuit 60, and the first AND circuit 60 outputs the detection signal K to one condition input terminal of the second AND circuit 62 when these three kinds of conditions are satisfied. . In FIG. 7, the second AND circuit 6
The mask pulse h is input from the setting circuit 33 to the other input terminal of 2. During the duration of the mask pulse h, the second AND circuit 62 takes in the detection signals K that have sequentially arrived and outputs them to the counter 36. The counter 36 accumulates and holds the incoming detection signal K having a counting function.

When the amplification degree and the standard of the preamplifier 43 and the amplifier 46 are set, the time constant signal n output from the amplifier 46, that is, the voltage fluctuation value can be predicted for α line, and V =
It can be determined by V0e [-aRfCft]. Specifically, in the case of α rays, the voltage fluctuation value that is determined in accordance with the design specifications of the discrimination circuit 32 as a whole is determined such that the high voltage is between e1 and the low voltage is between e2. Therefore, on the discrimination circuit 32 of the present embodiment, the α ray is counted only when the observed voltage fluctuation value is between the high voltage e1 and the low voltage e2. When the voltage fluctuation value is high voltage e1 or more, the cause of the influence is mostly due to high energy due to lightning strikes or sparks from motors,
Since it is not an α ray, it is regarded as noise and is not counted in the number of particles. Further, when the voltage fluctuation value is lower than the voltage e2, it is mostly due to attenuated natural radiation or due to the internal noise of the PIN diode D, and since it is not an α ray, it is not counted as noise.

In the discrimination circuit 32 of the present embodiment, the voltage fluctuation value is between 0 V and about 3.5 V, so that the high voltage e
1 was set to 4.5V and the low voltage e2 was set to 1.3V.
In addition, the discharge time of the time constant signal n is 40 μsec at maximum, which is a resolution accuracy that can be counted even when 30,000 to 40,000 α-rays (helium particles) arrive in one second. Since the number of decays of americium is at most about 1 to 500 / second, it is possible to detect with high accuracy even when calculating the signal delay on the circuit and the variation of the rising accuracy of the pulse.

Now, in FIG. 8, the horizontal axis represents various time constant signals n that discharge with time, n1, n2, and n.
3 and n4, the vertical axis shows the signal waveform at each point of the discrimination circuit 32 of FIG. 1 in the form of wave height. First, the so-called positive definite signal n1 whose voltage fluctuation value indicates α rays (helium particles)
(When between high voltage e1 and low voltage e2),
The portion of the voltage fluctuation value equal to or higher than the low voltage e2 is detected by the second comparison circuit 51 of FIG.
Nothing is detected by the comparison circuit 50), and the second discrimination signal A2
Is generated and output to the first delay circuit 54. This second
At the same time as the discrimination signal A2 rises, the first delay circuit 54 generates a wide first delay signal D1 and outputs it to the first rectangular pulse generation path 56. The second discrimination signal A2 is also output to the second delay circuit 55, and the second discrimination signal A2 generates the second delay signal D2 of a slightly wider width in the second delay circuit 55 at the same time when it falls, and the second rectangular pulse to output to the generation circuits 58. The first rectangular pulse generating circuits 56 and outputs a first determination signal J1 at its falling receiving first delay signal D1 to 60, at the same time the second delay circuit 58 falls its start receiving a second delayed signal D2 (The duration is set so that the falling edges match when D1> D2), and the second determination signal J2 is output to the first AND circuit 60.

Further, the voltage portion of the intermediate position is detected by the third comparator circuit 52 which corresponds to the voltage e3 or more parts, the third third rectangular pulse discrimination signal A3 is generated generated circuits 59
Is output to. The third third rectangular pulse generator circuitry 59 simultaneously with the fall of the discrimination signal A3 generates the third determination signal J3, and outputs to the 1AND circuit 60. The first AND circuit 60 includes a first judgment signal J1, a second judgment signal J2, and a third judgment signal J2.
The detection signal K is output only when all the judgment signals J3 have been obtained. To summarize the above, as shown in FIG. 8, a signal pulse higher than the low peak detection voltage and lower than the high peak detection voltage is regarded as a pulse generated by radiation, and a timing signal generated by the intermediate peak value is added to this pulse. In addition to the 1AND circuit 60, only the signal due to the radiation to be detected is passed. Although a multivibrator capable of controlling the pulse width is used to adjust the timing of these signals, it is generally possible to control the pulse width by counting the frequency of the oscillator.

The first AND circuit 60 has a first judgment signal J1.
, The second determination signal J2 and the third determination signal J3 are all completed, the detection signal K is output to the second AND circuit 62. The second AND circuit 62 passes the detection signal K that arrives (is generated) during the effective period h given in the form of a pulse from the setting circuit 33, and outputs it to the counter register 36. In FIG. 6, by measuring all the wave height discrimination signals A1, A2, A3, it is possible to confirm whether or not this device is operating normally. All wave height discrimination signals A1, A2, A3
It is possible to monitor whether fraud is occurring by measuring the signal and detecting which signal is generated periodically. The setting circuit 33, the counter 36, and the R of FIG.
The OM 37 and the comparison circuit 38 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The setting circuit 33 includes a frequency divider 70 having a built-in oscillator and six circuits of DIP switches 71.
Set the binary number by turning on / off each switch of.
To turn on / off each switch, ground the six power supply resistors or unground them to set each terminal of the frequency divider 70 to Low / High.
Set to. Thus, the frequency division ratio of the frequency divider 70 is determined, and the effective period h of the measurement is set to 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.
It can be set to 8, 1.0, 1.5 seconds, etc.

The counter 36 for receiving the count value is composed of three shift registers 73, 74, 75, and the 4-bit shift registers 73, 74, 75 forming an adder are connected in series. Therefore, the number of pulses is 12 bits, and the number of pulses up to 2 12 and 16 × 16 × 16 can be held. ROM37 is three 4-bit DIP switch 7
Each switch is turned on / off by grounding or ungrounding the 16 power supply resistors. Each switch of 16 bits is set to Low by turning on / off each switch.
/ High (0, 1) can be set to represent a 16-bit binary number.

The comparison circuit 38 includes two 8-bit comparators 8
It consists of 0 and 81, and 16-bit comparison is possible,
Since the counter 36 of the comparison partner has 12 bits, the upper 4 bits of the upper comparator 81 are not used. A ROM is connected to one terminal of each of the comparators 80 and 81 of the comparison circuit 38.
A Low / High signal generated by turning on / off the DIP switches 76, 77, and 78 of the counter 37, and L terminals from the terminals of the shift registers 73, 74, and 75 of the counter 36 to the other terminals.
ow / High signal is given respectively. Both terminals for the upper 4 bits of the upper comparator 81 are both grounded . In the figure, grounding is indicated by an inverted triangle.

The comparison circuit 38 compares the set value of the ROM 37 with the count value of the counter 36 for each bit. The match signals from the lower comparator 80 and the upper comparator 81 are AND circuits 8.
2 is counted and one pulse is output. Now, here, the counter 36 holds a value obtained by counting (adding) the effective period h of the measurement determined by the frequency divider 70, for example, for 1.0 second. This measurement value and the installation value of ROM 37 (reference value)
The comparison circuit 38 outputs a pulse when
This pulse is used as a hit. The matching rate is set to a target probability, for example, 1/220.

The pulse thus discriminated is counted by the counter 3
The shift registers 73, 74, and 75 of 6 add. The value counted in a certain time unit is used as the comparator 80, 8 of the comparison circuit.
Dep switch 7 of ROM 37 in advance depending on 1.
The hit pulse is output only when the reference values set in 6, 77, and 78 are compared and coincident with each other. Setting circuit 3
The frequency divider 70 of 3 and the DIP switch 71 of 6 circuits set the time interval for adding the signal pulses due to the radiation. The shift registers 73, 74, and 75 of the counter 36 are cleared for each count by the reset signal R after finishing the hit / no hit.

Radiation that decays in a certain time (count value)
Is a phenomenon according to the law of probability, and therefore, even if a certain radiation source is counted for a certain period of time, the count value does not always become a constant value, and values dispersed around a certain average value M are obtained. This dispersion is given by the Porin distribution formula. Where p (m)
Is the probability M that an m count (the number of pulses) can be obtained in a certain period of time is the average value of m when measured many times, and when M becomes several tens or more, the Gaussian distribution formula {} represents an exponent. Is equal to (See Figure 3)

When radiation, a detector, and a physical geometric condition for obtaining a count value of 356 per second are formed, the probability that the count value will be 356 in the equation (2) is 1/47. The probability of 1/220 determined by the pachinko industry and the law is obtained when the count value per second is about 322.6. This probability is not always constant, and at some times it may match after counting several times, or may not match even after counting hundreds of times. is there.

Therefore, for example, it is assumed that a reference value 322 having a probability of 1/220 is set in the ROM 37 in advance and the count value when a ball enters a winning hole of a pachinko machine becomes 295. When the count value coincides with the reference value set in the comparison circuit 38, the hit is a pachinko machine having a random hit. Further, since there is a range in which the radiation intensity (decay number) of the radiation source can be changed within the solid angle, the structure is such that the distance between the radiation source of the capsule 30 and the detection diode can be adjusted.

Amerishum Am prototyped by the inventor of the present application
The following are the results of observation experiments of a random pulse generator that counts the α-rays (helium particles). About the occurrence probability,
The measurement data in Table 1 is obtained by performing 10800 times (180 minutes) of observation for counting every 1 second (effective period h = 1.0 second given in the pulse form from the setting circuit 33).
Regarding the peak value and the occurrence probability of the selected CPS (the number of pulses per second), the measured value and the theoretical calculated value are shown below.

The peak value and CPS selected arbitrarily from Table 1
The probability of can be read as follows. Measured value Calculated value Number of times of measurement 10800 Peak value 229 CPS occurrence probability 298/10800 = 1 / 36.2 1 / 37.9 0.0275 Selection CPS 200 CPS occurrence probability 42/10800 = 1 / 257.1 1/237 0.00389 Therefore, the occurrence probability of the selected CPS is deviated. However

Selected CPS Occurrence Probability Occurrence Probability Measured Value Calculated Value 199 CPS 1/270 1/270 200 CPS 1/257 1/237 201 CPS 1/177 1/210 202 CPS 1/180 1/186 203 CPS 1/164 1/167 Moreover, even with this number of counts, the difference of 1 CPS does not cause a difference of about 1/20 to 1/30 in the occurrence probability. Therefore, in practice, counting a very large number of times makes it more and more permissible. Come in. The number of counts of measured values is shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Number of CPS Number of CPS Number of CPS Number of CPS Number of CPS 171 1 202 60 60 230 274 258 42 42 172 1 203 203 66 231 254 259 411 41 175 1 204 69 69 232 286 260 331 176 1 205 205 92 233 255 261 34 35 17 234 262 28 179 1 207 104 104 235 281 263 14 180 180 1 208 127 127 236 232 264 27 181 1 209 109 237 238 265 14 182 1 210 210 152 238 244 266 14 183 2 211 211 151 239 2 216 218 261 267 2 10 185 6 213 189 241 182 269 269 8 186 5 214 175 242 182 270 7 875 215 193 243 173 273 271 5 188 3 216 196 244 175 272 8 8 189 10 217 230 245 166 273 3 190 218 218 218 246 147 274 1 3 19 217 219 231 247 247 2 326 173 275 275 221 262 249 107 277 2 194 24 222 274 250 250 103 278 2 195 31 223 253 251 114 114 279 2 196 28 224 249 252 290 280 1 197 29 225 269 253 253 67 67 282 1 198 42 226 261 275 284 254 254. 255 54 487 1 200 42 228 272 256 65 497 1 201 61 229 29 257 40

A graph of the values in this table is shown in FIG. Further, FIG. 2 shows a graph in which the number of times of measurement 10,800 times is repeated three times. It can be seen that the experimental value graph more closely approximates the Gaussian distribution of theoretical values when the number of measurements is gradually increased. The method of setting the hit probability according to the graph of this experimental value is as follows. 1/220 = 0.0 that was allowed on the pachinko machine for this prototype
Since there is no count value that gives a probability of 045, 1 /
The description will be made with 1/257 = 0.00389, which is close to 220. As shown by the arrow in FIG. 1, first, the probability 1/257 =
Count value 200 CPS from the intersection of 0.00389 and the graph
Then, 200 is set in the ROM 37 in advance as a reference value.

In manufacturing a practical device, the three 4-bit switches 76, 77 and 78 of the ROM 37 are arranged in this order in a binary number "00001100100" equivalent to a decimal number 200.
The circuit is burned by programming so that it becomes 0 ". The circuit is burned by programming the dep switch 71 of the setting circuit 33 so that the effective period of the measurement is given as h = 1.0 seconds. Valid period h = 1.0
When the second is changed, the peak count value of the graph also changes, and the probability given by each count value also changes, so 1/220 = 0.00
We can find a selected CPS that gets a probability of 45.
In this case, the frequency divider 7 of the setting circuit 33 that determines the measurement time
A circuit in which the 0 dip switch 71 is programmed so that the effective period is h = 1.50 seconds is printed.
The circuit is printed according to a known semiconductor manufacturing technique.

To verify the randomness, the peak value 2
Tables 2 and 3 were obtained by examining the occurrence intervals of the number of measurements within 10800 for 29 CPS and the selected value of 200 CPS. Table 2 shows the intervals at which the peak value of 229 CPS occurs. As is clear from Table 2, the minimum interval is 2 and the maximum interval is 171.
It can be understood that there is no regularity in the occurrence of hits.

Table 2 Generation interval display CPS = 229 Number of measurements = 10 800 73 77 33 49 4 8 48 3 2 113 26 5 21 24 45 77 38 21 12 31 20 36 102 102 128 10 95 10 29 8 82 45 38 82 14 66 12 116 84 9 38 7 87 51 103 52 164 11 32 49 3 14 15 7 46 45 23 60 63 31 30 6 4 49 90 73 14 26 5 28 6 17 83 22 7 98 15 15 24 64 32 18 35 3 18 70 2 69 63 35 41 31 37 50 42 64 23 13 67 3 17 43 120 101 11 39 2 19 20 46 53 28 128 18 58 26 69 30 64 65 76 12 18 36 32 89 17 21 99 2 6 3 92 80 68 102 7 10 49 23 28 239 16 71 39 16 50 19 23 12 11 18 9 2 15 11 55 5 38 18 31 6 43 3 23 11 14 44 46 25 10 24 51 3 36 62 60 50 71 23 34 95 36 14 38 65 46 19 4 10 32 21 60 4 25 29 43 24 16 10 28 28 39 11 2 43 23 10 40 80 2 18 11 27 18 2 36 53 85 7 26 29 28 24 19 18 12 21 7 31 3 17 47 11 6 58 136 15 18 29 164 20 15 44 44 55 20 5 47 128 171 5 32 100 14 7 14 3 14 3 4 66 18 11 16 31 3 30 100 3 66 4 46 21 130 10 7 25 30 4 87 7 15 40 54 6 21 28 18 13 67 90 24 17 52 36 48

Table 3 shows the generation intervals of the selected count value of 200 CPS.
Shown in. As is clear from Table 3, the minimum interval is 7 and the maximum interval is 1211, and it can be understood that there is no regularity here as well. Table 3 Occurrence interval display cps = 200 Number of measurements = 10 800 88 87 313 390 289 115 102 7 75 46 120 789 211 118 9 152 1211 136 899 194 78 370 106 613 169 7233 327 76 249 88 201 258 106 185 220 269 121 303 404 318 97

In order to make the measured values converge to the target range of the probability, firstly, the ROM 37 and the setting circuit 33 are fixed, the positions of the nuclide and the detector are changed, and the incident / emitted solid angle is changed. There is a method to adjust the absolute number of lines. Also, the second
In this method, the incident / radiation solid angle is fixed, the absolute number of α rays is made constant, and the conditions of the ROM 37 and the setting circuit 33 are changed. The random pulse generator of the present application has a predetermined probability 1 / when it is used only for game machines such as pachinko machines.
In accordance with 220, etc., the incoming and outgoing solid angle and the circuit constant are fixed. However, in general, when used for various simulations, it is possible to change the incoming and outgoing solid angle and circuit constant,
Can adapt to a wide range of goals.

For other game machines whose hit probability is another value, the circuit can be printed by changing the above-mentioned reference value of the random pulse generator. In such a pachinko machine equipped with the random pulse generator of the present application, the hit probability is constant at any time. For the player, the hit within the legal probability is secured,
Contribute to the popularization of pachinko machines as a healthy entertainment. Further, in the past, the software for determining the hit cannot prevent fraud, but since the present application uses a natural phenomenon, artificial fraud cannot be performed. In this example, as the nuclide, 241 A
Although the α-decay of m is used to discharge the semiconductor detection element by the α-decay, the RI may be different.

[0046]

As described above, according to the random pulse generator of the present invention, the decay of RI, which occurs as a random phenomenon in nature, is utilized, so that there is no bias due to the manufacturing technique or time change, and the time is fair. You can create a winning probability.
In addition, in a pachinko machine equipped with the random pulse generator of the present application, if hits occur continuously, even if so-called Ren-chan occurs, the probability of hitting becomes constant for a long time, such as a unit of a day. The variation due to is eliminated.
Further, in the past, it took a long time to decode the software written in the ROM of the pachinko machine in the completion inspection, but this application was manufactured separately from the pachinko machine, and the random pulse generator was manufactured as a single unit. As a result, handling becomes easier, and verification, testing, and manufacturing become easier. Furthermore, this random pulse generator can be applied to not only pachinko machines but also simulation experiments using random numbers.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph of measured data of a random pulse generator of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph diagram of actual measurement data of a large number of times of the random pulse generator of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a Gaussian distribution diagram for explaining the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a circuit in which the random pulse generator of the present invention is applied to a device for determining the occurrence of a hit.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of an exponential function showing a collapse phenomenon used in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a detection circuit and a discrimination circuit unit of the random pulse generator of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a counting circuit and a comparison circuit unit of the random pulse generator of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the random pulse generator of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

30 radioactive capsule 31 detection device 32 discrimination circuit 33 setting circuit 34 start circuit 36 counter 37 ROM 38 comparison circuit 39 drive circuit 40 display device 43 preamplifier Rf time constant resistance Cf time constant capacitance D semiconductor detection element 50 first discrimination circuit 51 second discriminating circuit 52 third discriminating circuit 53 cancel circuit 54 first delay circuit 55 second delay circuit 56 first rectangular pulse generating circuits 58 second form pulse generating circuits 59 third rectangular pulse generating circuits 60 a 1AND circuit 62 Second AND circuit 71, 76-77 Dep switch 73-75 Counter 81, 82 Comparator

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shunji Ueno 1230 Mukaiyama, Naka-cho, Naka-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture Ikegami Tsushinki Co., Ltd., Mito Plant (56) Reference JP-A-6-291620 (JP, A) JP-A-6 -154411 (JP, A) JP 5-157847 (JP, A) JP 59-114918 (JP, A) JP 63-55629 (JP, A) JP 7-162276 (JP, A) ) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H03K 3/84 A63F 7/02 G06F 7/58

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. Regarding α, β and γ rays emitted by a radioactive substance, each of these radiations is captured as particles having a predetermined energy level, and the radiation distribution of these particles follows an exponential distribution, and this index In the function, the probability P that the number of emitted particles is k in a predetermined time interval
Focusing on the point displayed by the Poisson distribution formula and that the number k of the particles is randomly emitted according to a certain probability, k is set in advance with the count value of the particles detected by the radiation detection circuit. A random pulse generator that compares a reference value that gives a certain probability and generates a per-hour pulse when they match, occupies a weak radioactive substance and a predetermined solid angle exposed to the radioactive substance. At the same time, a semiconductor detection element that converts the particles into an electric signal having an intensity corresponding to the energy level, an amplification circuit that generates a time constant signal from the electric signal and amplifies it, and the time constant signal corresponds to the particles. A medium wave height discriminator that discriminates energy levels in the intensity range and a high energy level whose time constant signal is higher than the intensity corresponding to the particles are selected. High wave height discriminator for distinguishing as noise, a low wave height discriminator for discriminating as noise a time constant signal having a low energy level equal to or lower than the intensity corresponding to the particle, and the discriminated signal as the number of particles. A counting circuit for counting and holding, a setting circuit for setting the counting time for continuing the counting operation for this counting circuit to be changeable by programming, and a memory for setting a reference value giving a target probability to be changeable by programming. , A comparing circuit for comparing the count value held in the counting circuit and the reference value within the counting time and outputting a pulse when they match, the exposed solid angle, the counting time, and the reference value A random pulse generator characterized in that various hit probabilities can be set according to a target probability. 2. The number of emitted particles is measured many times for the counting time, a certain probability graph is extracted from the appearance frequency of the number k, which is the measured value, and the target probability is extracted from this probability graph. A random pulse generator characterized in that a reference value of the number of given pulses is determined.