JP2804389B2 - Street railroad surveying method and equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method in which one of a pair of parallel rails is used as a reference rail, a reference line connecting two points on the reference rail is set, and a horizontal direction of the reference rail from the reference line is set. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring a railroad track, which measures the distance between the two points at each measurement point between the two points.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Train sway which affects ride comfort in railways is mainly caused by track irregularities. In particular, it has recently been revealed that long-wavelength track irregularities greatly contribute to train sway. . Orbital deviation surveying includes leveling for measuring vertical deviation (roughness) and street surveying for measuring horizontal deviation (roughness).

[0003] As in the past, in surveying, a 10-m string Yaya method or 2
A method of measuring a gap between a thread and a rail stretched between two points on a rail at a predetermined interval, which is called a 0m string Masaya method, and a telescope called a transit on a reference line connecting two points on a rail. There has been used a method of installing a surveying instrument equipped with a measuring instrument, collimating each measurement point, and measuring a gap between a reference line and a rail. However, the 10m string method and the 20m string method have drawbacks in that the yarn vibrates due to wind or the like, so that accurate measurement cannot be performed, and that bending of a rail having a wavelength longer than the length of the string cannot be measured. Was. In addition, it is difficult to measure at a long distance pitch using the transit method,
There is a drawback that a reading error may occur.

Therefore, in recent years, a method using a laser beam has been proposed as a method for solving the drawbacks of the surveying method as described above. That is, a laser beam is radiated in parallel to a reference line connecting two points on the rail, and a photodetector formed by arranging light receiving element rows in a one-dimensional direction is placed on the rail in a horizontal plane at each measurement point on the rail. It presses at a right angle and measures the distance between the reference line and the rail based on the position of the laser beam received on the light receiving element.

The conventional surveying will be described below with reference to FIG. That is, the light emitter 1 is arranged at an arbitrary position between the rails 11 and 12, and the light beam LB
The position of the light emitting device 1 is adjusted so that the rotating surface of the light emitting device 1 is vertical. Next, when one rail 11 of the pair of rails 11 and 12 is set as a reference rail, two reference points A and B separated by a predetermined distance (maximum of about 300 m) of the reference rail 11.
Then, the light receivers 2 and 2 are respectively extended so that the light receiving element row is perpendicular to the reference surface of the rail (usually the inner surface of the rail) in the horizontal plane. Subsequently, the display values h of the light receivers 2 and 2 are read, and the direction of the light emitter 1 is adjusted so that the two values match. As a result, the emission direction of the laser beam LB coincides with the temporary reference line 14 parallel to the reference line 13 connecting the reference points A and B.

In this state, the photodetector 2 is sequentially moved to a plurality of measurement points p1 to p4 between the two reference points A and B to determine a measured value i at each point. From the reference line is determined.

[0007]

However, in a conventional survey using such a laser beam, a temporary reference line strictly parallel to a reference line connecting two points on a rail is set. It is necessary to irradiate a laser beam on the temporary reference line, and the setting work to match the direction of this laser beam on the temporary reference line is complicated and inefficient. There is a problem that it is difficult to maintain and improve the structure.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and can improve the efficiency by eliminating the setting operation for making the direction of the laser beam coincide with the temporary reference line. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for surveying railway rails.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the gist of the present invention resides in that one of a pair of parallel rails is used as a reference rail (11) and the reference rail (1) is used.
1) A reference line (13) connecting between the above two points (A, B) is set, and the horizontal distance of the reference rail (11) from the reference line (13) is determined by the two points (A, B). B) Each measurement point between (p)
1 to p4), in a surveying method according to a railway rail, a laser beam (LB) is irradiated along the reference rail (11) in a direction substantially parallel to the reference rail (11), and the two points ( A, B) the reference rail (11)
And the distance from the laser beam (LB) is measured to obtain correction data representing the inclination of the laser beam (LB) with respect to the reference line (13) in a horizontal plane. A method for measuring the distance between a reference rail (11) and a laser beam (LB) by using the correction data to obtain the distance, wherein the distance measurement method obtains the distance, and a reference rail (1).
1) A reference line (13) connecting between the above two points (A, B) is set, and the horizontal distance of the reference rail (11) from the reference line (13) is determined by the two points (A, B). B) Each measurement point between (p)
A light emitting means (1) for irradiating a laser beam (LB) in a direction substantially parallel to the reference rail (11) along the reference rail (11) in a surveying device for a railway rail that measures every 1 to p4). And the reference rail (1) in a horizontal plane.
1) is provided so as to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction, and a light receiving section (21) is provided along the extending direction, and the reference rail (1) is provided depending on a position where the laser beam (LB) is received.
A light receiving means (2) for measuring the distance from 1) to the laser beam (LB); and a laser beam (11) from the reference rail (11) at the two points (A, B) measured by the light receiving means (2). Based on the distance to LB), the inclination of the laser beam (LB) with respect to the reference line (13) in the horizontal plane is stored as correction data, and the measurement points (p1 to p1) measured by the light receiving means (2) are stored. counting means (3) for calculating the distance by correcting the distance from the reference rail (11) to the laser beam (LB) in p4) using the correction data. Surveying equipment.

[0010]

In the street survey, one of a pair of parallel rails of a railway rail is used as a reference rail (11), and the reference rail (11) is measured. The state of the reference rail (11) is grasped and examined by measurement, and if it exceeds the limit, the other rail (12) will be repaired together.

First, as a preparation stage for measurement, two points (A, B) separated from the reference rail (11) are determined, and a line connecting the two points (A, B) is defined as a reference line (13). When the reference line (13) is determined, the laser beam (LB) is irradiated by the light emitting means (1) in a direction substantially parallel to the reference line (13) and substantially parallel to the reference rail (11). On the other hand, at two points (A, B) apart from each other, the light receiving means (2) is disposed so as to extend in a horizontal plane in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reference rail (11), and its light receiving section (21)
Receives a laser beam (LB). The distance from the reference rail (11) to the laser beam (LB) is measured based on the position where the laser beam (LB) is received. The reference line (13) is not strictly parallel to the optical axis of the laser beam (LB), and the counting means (3) calculates the reference line (13) in the horizontal plane based on the distance between the two separated points (A, B). Laser beam (LB) for
Is obtained and stored.

Now that the preparation for measurement is completed, the light receiving means (2) is moved between the two points (A, B) at the end of the reference line (13), and the two points are measured at each of the measurement points (p1 to p4). (A, B)
The laser beam (LB) is applied to the light receiving section (21) in the same manner as in the case of (1).
Then, the distance from the reference rail (11) to the laser beam (LB) at each measurement point (p1 to p4) is measured based on the received position. The measurement result includes an error caused by the fact that the reference line (13) and the optical axis of the laser beam (LB) are not parallel, and the counting means (3) uses the measurement points (p1 to p)
The measurement result of 4) is corrected using the correction data, and an accurate horizontal distance of the reference rail (11) from the reference line (13) is calculated.

[0013]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 to 3 show an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, a railway rail R is composed of a pair of parallel rails 11 and 12, and the surveying instrument uses one of the rails 11 and 12 of the railway rail R as a reference rail 11, A reference line 13 connecting the upper two points A and B is set, and a reference rail 1 from the reference line 13 is set.
The horizontal distance of 1 is measured at each of the measurement points p1 to p2 between the two points A and B.
It is measured for each p4.

The schematic configuration of the surveying device is as follows. The surveying device includes a light emitting device 1 as a light emitting device, a light receiving device 2 as a light receiving device, and a data recorder 3 shown in FIG. 2 as a counting device. Become.

The light emitter 1 irradiates a laser beam LB along a reference rail 11 in a direction substantially parallel to the reference rail 11. The laser beam emitted from the laser diode is converted into a parallel beam by a collimator lens, and a pentamirror is used. By rotating the pentamirror with a motor at a right angle, a parallel beam of the laser beam LB can be emitted all around 360 degrees. This configuration is known as an electronic level that emits level light in a horizontal plane. In the present embodiment, the electronic level is tilted sideways as shown in FIG. 3 so that a parallel beam of a laser beam can be emitted all around 360 degrees around a horizontal axis in a vertical plane.

The light receiver 2 is disposed so as to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reference rail 11 by abutting the base end on the reference rail 11 in a horizontal plane. The electronic staff is provided with a light receiving unit 21 over a length of 500 mm. The light receiving section 21 is provided with a plurality of light receiving element rows connected to each other. Since the light receiving elements differ depending on the position where the laser beam LB is received, when the laser beam LB is received, the light receiving element reacts to the reference rail 11. The distance from the base end to the laser beam LB is measured.

In this embodiment, two photodetectors 2 and 2 are arranged symmetrically in the surveying. However, even if only one photodetector 2 is used alternately on both sides of the light emitting device 1, the surveying is performed. Is possible.

On the upper surface of the light receiver 2, there are provided a display 22 for numerically displaying the light receiving position of the light receiving element of the light receiving section 21 which has received the laser beam LB, and a level 23 for obtaining the levelness.

As shown in FIG. 2, the counting means is constituted by a data recorder 3, and a computer 4, which is an external device such as a personal computer, is connected to the data recorder 3. The data recorder 3 has two points A,
Reference rail 1 at B or measurement point (p1 to p4)
The distance from 1 to the laser beam LB is temporarily stored, and the inclination of the laser beam LB with respect to the reference line 13 in the horizontal plane based on the distance from the reference rail 11 at two points A and B to the laser beam LB is used as correction data. Remember,
Further, each of the measurement points p1 to p measured by the light receiver 2
4 has a built-in program for performing an operation of correcting the distance from the reference rail 11 to the laser beam LB with the correction data.

The computer 4 reads data from the data recorder 3 and creates a data print output and a graph output as required.

If the above is viewed as a method, the reference rail 11
The laser beam LB is radiated in a direction substantially parallel to the reference rail 11 along the axis, and the distance from the reference rail 11 to the laser beam LB at the two points A and B is measured, and the laser beam with respect to the reference line 13 in the horizontal plane is measured. A railroad rail, wherein correction data representing the inclination of LB is obtained, and the measurement result of the distance from the reference rail 11 to the laser beam LB at each of the measurement points p1 to p4 is corrected using the correction data to obtain a distance. R is a survey method.

Next, the operation will be described.

In the street survey, one of a pair of parallel rails of the railway rail R is set as a reference rail 11 and the street of the reference rail 11 is measured. The state of the reference rail 11 is grasped and examined by measurement, and if it exceeds the limit, the other rail 12 is to be repaired.

First, as a preparation stage for measurement, two points A and B separated from the reference rail 11 are determined, and a line connecting the two points A and B is defined as a reference line 13. Once the reference line 13 is determined,
The light receivers 2 and 2 are arranged at the reference points A and B, respectively, and the light receiver 2 is made horizontal so that the base end face abuts perpendicularly to the reference surface (rail reference surface) inside the reference rail 11 so as to be in a horizontal plane. To extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reference rail 11 so that the respective light receiving sections 21 face each other. Accordingly, the light receivers 2 and 2 are positioned so that the rotation surface of the laser beam LB of the light emitter 1 disposed therebetween passes through the light receiving element rows of the light receiving units 21 and 21.

In this state, the laser beam LB is emitted from the light emitter 1 disposed between the light receivers 2 and 2 in a direction substantially parallel to the reference line 13 and substantially parallel to the reference rail 11. The distance from the reference rail 11 to the laser beam LB is measured based on the position at which one of the light receiving element arrays of the light receiving sections 21 of the light receivers 2 and 2 on both sides has received the laser beam LB. The reference line 13 and the optical axis of the laser beam LB are not exactly parallel, and the distance a is measured on the reference point A side, and the distance b is measured on the reference point B side.

The distances a and b are taken into the data recorder 3 and stored. That is, the data recorder 3
The distance between the two points A and B separated from each other is determined by the reference line 13 in the horizontal plane.
Is stored as correction data representing the inclination of the laser beam LB with respect to

Now that the measurement is ready, the reference line 1
The light receiver 2 is moved between the two points A and B at the end of No. 3, and the laser beam LB is received by the light receiving unit 21 at each of the measurement points p1 to p4 in the same manner as in the case of the two points A and B, and the light is received according to the received position Since the elements are different, the distance from the reference rail 11 to the laser beam LB at each of the measurement points p1 to p4 is measured.

Since the reference line 13 and the optical axis of the laser beam LB are not parallel to each other, the measurement result includes an error caused by the rotation plane of the laser beam LB being inclined with respect to the reference line 13. , The distance i1 is obtained at the measurement point p1, the distance from the reference point A to the measurement point p1 is L1, and the distance between the reference points A and B is L, and the error e1 is e1 = (ba) · (L1 / L), i1-e1 is a correct measurement value at the measurement point p1.

The data recorder 3 corrects the measurement result of each of the measurement points p1 to p4 using the correction data while performing such calculations, and calculates an accurate horizontal distance of the reference rail 11 from the reference line 13. I do. The distance d1 of the reference rail 11 from the reference line 13 at the measurement point p1 is d1 = (i1-e1) -a.

In the embodiment, the reference line 13
Has been described as a straight line, but by adding an R calculation function to the data recorder 3, it is possible to cope with the case where the reference line 13 is a circular arc, and measurement can be performed along a curved section.

[0033]

According to the method and apparatus for measuring a railway rail according to the present invention, it is not necessary to set a strict reference line, and even if the parallelism (parallelism) between the reference line and the laser beam is out of order. You can make corrections to get accurate measurements,
Measure quickly, get quick conclusions, increase surveying efficiency,
As a result, the maintenance and improvement of the track can be appropriately performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view around a railway rail showing a measurement state of a surveying device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a surveying device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of a light emitter and a light receiver of the surveying instrument according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a survey as in the past.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Light-emitting device 2 ... Light-receiving device 21 ... Light-receiving part 3 ... Data recorder 11 ... Reference rail LB ... Laser beam A, B ... Reference point p1-p4 ... Measurement point

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B61K 9/08 G01B 11/00-11/30

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. One of a pair of parallel rails is set as a reference rail, a reference line connecting two separated points on the reference rail is set, and an amount of horizontal separation of the reference rail from the reference line is determined. In a surveying method according to a railway rail for measuring each measurement point between the two points, a laser beam is irradiated along a direction substantially parallel to the reference rail along the reference rail, and a laser beam is emitted from the reference rail at the two points. The distance to the light beam is measured and corrected data representing the inclination of the laser beam with respect to the reference line in the horizontal plane.The measurement data of the distance from the reference rail to the laser beam at each of the measurement points is used as the correction data. The method for surveying a railway rail according to claim 1, wherein the distance is obtained by performing correction using the distance. 2. One of a pair of parallel rails is used as a reference rail, a reference line connecting two spaced apart points on the reference rail is set, and a horizontal distance of the reference rail from the reference line is determined. In a surveying device according to a railway rail for measuring at each measurement point between the two points, a light emitting means for irradiating a laser beam in a direction substantially parallel to the reference rail along the reference rail, and the reference rail in a horizontal plane A light-receiving unit is provided so as to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction, a light-receiving unit is provided along the extending direction, and a light-receiving unit that measures a distance from the reference rail to the laser beam by a position where the laser beam is received, The inclination of the laser beam with respect to the reference line in a horizontal plane is stored as correction data based on the distance from the reference rail to the laser beam at the two points measured by the light receiving means. Counting means for calculating the distance by correcting the distance from the reference rail to the laser beam at each measurement point measured by the light receiving means using the correction data. apparatus.