JP2795374B2 - Sliding material - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a sliding material, and more specifically, a lead component, a graphite component, and at least one resin of polyimide and polyamideimide. Component-based sliding material.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, as in JP-A-52-44871, a plain bearing comprising a tetrafluoroethylene resin and a substrate binding component of a polyimide resin, in which a small amount of graphite or the like is contained as a subcomponent in a part of the polyimide resin. However, the abrasion resistance was insufficient.

Similarly, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-106230 discloses a method in which a small amount of graphite or the like is added as an auxiliary component to a polyimide resin impregnated in a porous metal body. The balance between the coefficient and the wear resistance was insufficient.

On the other hand, carbon (Gr) -based sliding materials generally used in the past are known to be formed by heat compression molding using a phenol resin as a binder, but the phenol resin has low heat resistance, If the high-speed conditions or the lubrication conditions are very severe, the resin may decompose due to heat generation.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

Conventional sliding materials mainly composed of resin have poor and inferior balance of sliding characteristics such as friction coefficient and abrasion resistance. And use under severe conditions such as mixed lubrication was extremely unsatisfactory.

In addition, as in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-106230, in spite of using a polyimide resin and a spongy porous metal body in anticipation of heat resistance and heat dissipation effects, when the lubrication conditions become severe, the sliding electrode Partial thermal degradation occurs on the surface, especially partial deterioration wear and local dropout of the resin component filled in the hole part causes partial exposure of the porous metal body, resulting in instability of friction, Sliding characteristics such as increased friction may be reduced.

On the other hand, carbon-based sliding materials also had insufficient performance such as seizure resistance, abrasion resistance and low friction under sliding under boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication conditions.

[Means for solving the problem]

The present inventor has studied diligently the composition of a sliding material utilizing the heat resistance of polyimide and polyamideimide, and has noticed that the specific gravity of lead compounded in these resin-based sliding materials is larger than the specific gravity of the resin component. And lead and graphite by volume%
By blending a specific amount in the above, by leaving at least one resin component of the polyimide, polyamide imide as the balance,
In sliding under boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication conditions, it has been found that performance such as stable friction, low friction, seizure resistance, and wear resistance is improved in a well-balanced manner.

In addition, a specific solid lubricant as an auxiliary component to be mixed with the sliding material, that is, at least one of fluororesin, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, and boron nitride is used.
It has been found that by using a solid lubricant composed of seeds and by defining the maximum amount of the compound, excellent performance can be exhibited more than the improved sliding material described above.

Further, a specific friction modifier, that is, a friction modifier consisting of at least one of clay, mullite, silica, and alumina is used as another auxiliary component to be blended, and the maximum amount of the blend and the amount of lead are defined. By performing the above-mentioned improved sliding material to exhibit excellent performance, and by adding a maximum amount of fluororesin to the material containing the friction modifier, the above-described improved It has been found that the sliding material exhibits more excellent performance than the sliding material.

That is, the invention of the present application firstly comprises 7 to 65% by volume of lead and 5 to 63% by volume of graphite, and a total of 12 to 70% by volume of the lead and the graphite is blended. A sliding material characterized in that the balance of one kind is 30 to 88% by volume.

Second, 7% by volume of lead and 5% by volume of graphite
And at least one of fluororesin, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, and boron nitride as subcomponents
30% by volume or less (excluding 0) of the total solid lubricants, and the lead, the graphite and the subcomponents are blended so as to be 70% by volume or less in total, and at least one of polyimide and polyamideimide is used. A sliding material characterized in that seeds are used as the remainder.

Third, 10% by volume or more of lead and 5% by volume of graphite
In addition, at least one friction modifier of clay, mullite, silica, and alumina is added as a subcomponent in total amount.
15% by volume or less (excluding 0), and the lead, the graphite, and the subcomponent are blended so as to be 70% by volume or less in total, and at least one of polyimide and polyamideimide is used as a balance. Is a sliding material.

Fourth, more than 10% by volume of lead and 5% by volume of graphite
30% by volume of fluororesin as an additional component
(Excluding 0) and at least one friction modifier of clay, mullite, silica and alumina in a total amount of 15% by volume or less (excluding 0), and the lead, the graphite, and the auxiliary component are added. Is a sliding material characterized in that the total amount is 70% by volume or less, and at least one of polyimide and polyamideimide is used as the balance.

The sliding material of the present invention provides extremely excellent performance even when used as a solid material.However, when this sliding material is used as a bimetallic sliding material, the back metal is made using an excellent strength. Increased load bearing capacity and thinner sliding layer,
It is used to enhance seizure resistance by supplementing the heat inside the sliding layer by utilizing the excellent thermal conductivity.

A steel plate is usually used for the back metal, but an aluminum-based alloy or a copper-based alloy can also be used in addition to the steel plate.

The surface of the back metal is provided with a roughened portion for increasing the bonding strength of the sliding layer made of the sliding resin. The roughened portion formed on the surface of the back metal can be formed by providing a powder sintered layer of copper or a copper-based alloy, a powder sintered layer of iron or an iron-based alloy, a sprayed layer of a metal or a ceramic on the surface of the back metal. Alternatively, a method of forming fine irregularities on the surface of the back metal itself by shot blasting, etching, or the like may be used.

The composition of a sliding material which is formed on a backing metal in the case of a bimetal and becomes a sliding layer, and which becomes a sliding member directly in the case of a solid is described below.

Lead is dispersed in at least one kind of resin such as polyimide or polyamide imide, and is present also on the sliding surface. Therefore, the joint effect with a specific amount of graphite effectively reduces the sliding heat of the sliding surface. Heat, and improve the coefficient of friction and seizure resistance in combination with its own lubricity.
Used to contribute to improvement of wear resistance.

The amount of lead used is 7-65% by volume. (Hereinafter, the percentage is volume% unless otherwise specified.) If it is less than 7 volume%, the above properties such as heat dissipation are insufficient, and if it exceeds 65%, it is soft but too much, and the load resistance and fatigue resistance are too high. And molding becomes more difficult. When a friction modifier is added as an auxiliary component, the lower limit of lead must be 10% by volume or more in preparation for a slightly increased sliding heat.

Preferred usage is 10-40%, more preferably 20-30%
It is.

This lead may be blended as metallic lead, or may use lead oxide or lead fluoride as a lead compound, or
It may be blended as a lead alloy. However, the compounding amount other than the metal lead must be 65% by volume or less, and must be not less than the above-mentioned lower limit of addition in terms of metal lead. Among these leads, metallic lead is preferably used. Alternatively, metal lead whose surface is naturally oxidized may be used, or these various kinds of lead may be used in combination. At this time, lead other than metallic lead
It is preferable that the content be 50% by weight or less of the total lead amount.

When the total lead content exceeds 7% by volume, metallic lead is contained in the sliding material at 6% by volume or more, preferably 7% by volume or more.
It is advisable to mix at least volume%.

In particular, when the total lead content is large, when it is desired to relax the softness of metallic lead, a lead compound or the like may be blended. From this point, lead other than metallic lead accounts for 1 to 80% by weight of the total lead content. , Preferably 2 to 40% by weight.

This lead has a high specific gravity of 11.34 particularly for metallic lead, and in the present application, the minimum amount of lead converted to metallic lead is set to 7% by volume or more. Unless the invention of the present application is defined by volume%, the invention cannot be specified from the viewpoint of the effect. Also, volume% and weight%
Then, a complete response is virtually impossible. However, in consideration of the weight%, the specific gravity of the lead of the present application, and the minimum usage amount, the lead weight% of the sliding material of the present application is considerably high.

Graphite is used in a state of being bonded by polyimide or polyamideimide to impart heat dissipation on the sliding surface, which is mainly a synergistic effect with lead, and excellent friction characteristics to the sliding material. The graphite may be artificial or natural graphite, and the grain shape may be either granular or flat. Among them, it is preferable to use flat artificial graphite. From the viewpoint of abrasion resistance, the graphite has a particle size of 250 μm or less, and the crystallinity is X.
The d ( ₀₀₂ ) plane distance measured by a line is preferably 3.50 ° or less. Graphite having such a plane interval is easily cleaved, and the flat main surface of flaky or scaly particles is arranged on the surface of the sliding material, so that the area of graphite on the surface is large, which is advantageous for reducing the friction coefficient. The amount of graphite used is 5 to 63% by volume.

And the blending amount of lead and graphite is 12-70 in total
% By volume.

This is because the sliding heat generated on the sliding surface is radiated to the inside and the low friction property of the graphite itself prevents the wear of other components as much as possible, thereby preventing the wear of the graphite. It is thought that it is. If the use amount of this graphite is less than 5%, a synergistic effect with lead cannot be obtained,
The amount of wear of the sliding material increases, and from this viewpoint, the blending amount of lead and graphite needs to be 12% or more in total.

On the other hand, if the graphite content exceeds 63%, the bonding force of the resin or the bonding force between the back metal and the sliding layer is weakened, and as a result, the amount of wear increases. From the same viewpoint, the blending amount of lead and graphite needs to be 70% or less in total.

The preferred usage of graphite is 10-50%,
More preferably, it is 20 to 30%.

Next, polyimide and polyimide amide are used for imparting seizure resistance to the sliding material by utilizing the resin having excellent heat resistance. In addition, these resins are used to increase the load resistance by utilizing the relatively flexible property, and furthermore, by utilizing the bendable property, the bimetal material is deformed into a housing. Enable fixation. As the polyimide, liquid or solid powdery polyesterimide, aromatic polyimide, polyetherimide, bismaleimide and the like can be used. The amount of polyimide and polyimide amide used is
30-88% by volume. That is, the other components are used as the balance within this usage amount range. If this amount is less than 30%, the bonding force of the sliding material components is weak, and the sliding material wears up. On the other hand, if this usage exceeds 88%, the friction coefficient of the sliding material increases, and the wear of the sliding material increases, in combination with the reduction of the effect of other components.

Further, when a solid lubricant comprising at least one of fluororesin, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, and boron nitride is blended as an auxiliary component in order to improve the lubricating property of the sliding layer having the above composition, the performance is further improved. Improve.
As the above fluororesin, tetrafluoropolyethylene (PTPE)
Is preferred.

The amount of this solid lubricant used is 30% by volume or less (0%
), And lead, graphite and solid lubricant must be blended in a total of 70% by volume or less. If the used amount of the solid lubricant exceeds 30% or the total amount of lead, graphite and solid lubricant exceeds 70% by volume, defects such as a decrease in strength and insufficient heat resistance appear. In particular, when the content of the fluororesin exceeds 30% by volume, the synergistic effect of lead and graphite is hindered.
In addition, about fluororesin, lead with high specific gravity is 7% by volume.
It is blended as described above, and if it is daringly converted to% by weight, it will be 30% by weight or less.

The preferable amount of the solid lubricant used is 0.5% or more from the viewpoint of imparting effective performance, and 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less from the viewpoints of improvement of performance, inhibition of synergistic effect and economic efficiency. is there. The preferred amount used from the viewpoint of performance is 1 to 15%, more preferably 3 to 10%.

On the other hand, clay, mullite,
The friction modifier composed of at least one of silica and alumina is used to improve the wear resistance of the sliding layer by using a hard material. Although clay minerals can be used as clay, calcined clay is particularly preferable. The calcined clay is obtained by previously calcining the clay at a temperature of 500 to 600 ° C. or lower. Alumina, silica (amorphous),
Mullite is used as a component of clay, but can be used alone.

The use amount of the friction modifier such as clay is 15% by volume or less (excluding 0) in total, but special care must be taken in its blending.

That is, since the material is a hard material, a slight increase in sliding heat is observed depending on the compounding. To cope with this, it is necessary to increase the compounding amount of lead to 10% by volume or more.

Further, the lead, the graphite, and the subcomponent are blended so as to be 70% by volume or less in total.

The preferred amount of the friction modifier used is 0.2 to 15%. If it is less than 0.2%, there is not much improvement in the wear resistance due to the addition, and if it exceeds 15%, the mating material is scratched and the wear resistance of the mating material becomes insufficient. The heat generated on the sliding surface is too large, and the sliding characteristics are degraded. More preferably 1 to 12
%, Preferably 3 to 10%, more preferably 5 to 9%.

When a wear modifier and a solid lubricant are used in combination as auxiliary components, the performance is improved by using a friction modifier composed of at least one of clay, mullite, silica, and alumina and a fluororesin as a solid lubricant. be able to.
30% by volume or less of this resin or fluororesin, 15% by volume or less of friction modifier in total, 10% or more of lead, 5% of graphite
As described above, the amount of use is preferably determined so that the sum of these amounts is 70% by volume or less. PTFE is preferably used as the fluororesin. Desirable use amount of the fluororesin is 0.1 to 30%, and more desirably 0.5 to 30% in terms of imparting effective performance.
%, And 20% from the viewpoint of both performance improvement and economic efficiency
It is as follows. The preferred amount of use from the viewpoint of performance is 1 to
%, More preferably 2 to 10%.

Molybdenum disulfide / tungsten disulfide / boron nitride, which is another solid lubricant, has little effect of improving performance even when combined with a friction modifier. This is because, in the composition range of the sliding material of the present invention, the effect of addition of the friction modifier is high, and therefore the effect of the composite addition of molybdenum disulfide / tungsten disulfide / boron nitride is a friction modifier as an auxiliary component. This is due to the fact that the effect is substantially equal to the effect obtained by blending only. These solid lubricants have little significance to be added from the viewpoint of further improving the performance, but the total amount of the fluororesin is 30% by volume or less, and the total amount of lead, graphite and subcomponents is 70% by volume or less. Even if it is added, the performance does not decrease, so that it may be blended.

As described above, in the sliding material of the present invention, the total amount of lead and graphite is 70% by volume or less based on the compounding amounts of the lead and graphite, and when the sub-components are added, polyimide and polyamideimide. At least one of
What is necessary is just to mix | blend the resin component which consists of a seed | species so that 30 volume% or more may become a balance.

By the way, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-106230 discloses that a polyimide resin is used as a main component in the voids of a spongy porous metal body, and ethylene tetrafluoride resin powder, quartz powder, MoS ₂ powder, graphite powder, short carbon fiber, etc. Has been proposed which is characterized by being filled with a composition composed of as a subcomponent. From this proposal, as a means for solving the insufficient heat resistance of the polyimide resin, attention has been paid to a porous metal body filled with the resin, and the porosity and pore size thereof have been specified.

The sliding layer composition according to this publication is related to the present invention in that it contains polyimide and polyamide imide, graphite, ethylene tetrafluoride resin and MoS ₂ as components, but the lead featured by the present invention is disclosed. There is also no disclosure of improving the abrasion resistance and the like by adding this to a resin component of polyimide and polyamide imide together with graphite. Moreover, in the above-mentioned publication, components other than the polyimide resin are specified as 30% or less by weight%, but in the present application, lead having a high specific gravity is 7% by volume.
% Or more, and the components other than the polyimide resin in the present application are intentionally converted into weights, which exceed 30% by weight, which is also different in this respect.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-44871 is related to the invention of the present application in that a plain bearing using a combination of a polyimide resin and a tetrafluoroethylene resin is used.
% By weight, and the amount of fluororesin added in this application is limited to 30% by volume or less in order to prevent the inhibition of the synergistic effect of lead and graphite. , And there is no disclosure of a synergistic effect unique to the present application.

Hereinafter, the method for manufacturing a sliding material according to the present invention will be specifically described.

First, in the case of a bimetallic sliding material, one side of the surface of the back metal is roughened. The surface roughening method is not particularly limited, but preferred combinations of the back metal and the surface roughening method are as follows: steel plate-steel-based powder sintering, metal / ceramic spraying:
Aluminum alloy plate-etching (including anodic oxidation),
Shot blast: Copper alloy plate-etching, shot blast. In the case of sintering, a powder having a particle size of 80 to 150 μm is scattered and laminated on a back metal so that a sintered layer of a desired thickness is obtained, and then heated to a temperature at which the powders are joined at a temperature lower than the melting point of the powder. . For shot blast, cut wire,
Particles having sharp corners such as calcined alumina and glass beads are sprayed on the back metal at high speed. In the case of etching, fine irregularities are formed on the back metal using an etchant capable of selective etching such as concentrated hydrochloric acid for copper and caustic soda for aluminum.

Subsequently, the sliding layer component is impregnated into the roughened uneven portion and is arranged on the upper surface of the uneven portion as a sliding layer contact layer. For this purpose, the components of the sliding layer are applied onto a backing metal together with an appropriate dispersion liquid, for example, diethylacetamide, or the components of the sliding layer in a dry state are applied under pressure to the backing metal with a roll or the like. In addition, at the stage of this application or the like, the resin components such as polyimide and polyamide imide are often impregnated with a solvent. This solvent is evaporated together with the dispersion in the next drying step. Drying is performed at a temperature of 60 to 120 ° C., although the temperature varies depending on the type of resin. At this stage, the thickness of the sliding layer is 20 to 100 μm. Subsequently, the sliding layer components are firmly held by the back metal by passing the back metal between the upper and lower rolls. Further, baking is performed at a high temperature to cure the resin. This firing is performed at a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C., although the temperature varies depending on the type of the resin. Next, the back metal with the sliding layer is formed into a predetermined shape. When used for bushes, etc., the back metal is bent into a circular shape so that the sliding layer is on the inside, then the back metal is pressed into the housing, and finally the inner surface is cut to finish the sliding layer to a predetermined size. General. Since polyimide and polyamideimide can be applied thickly unlike tetrafluoroethylene, a sufficient sliding layer can be left even if a finishing margin is taken. Sliding layer
When the thickness is as large as 100 to 300 μm or when the inner diameter of the molding is small, the back metal with the sliding layer in the soft state after drying is bent by exchanging before and after firing and molding in the above process, and then firing To prevent the sliding layer from cracking.

In the case of a solid sliding material, it is kneaded with a sliding material component and a solvent, molded, and then fired. The thickness of the solid sliding material is usually 0.5 to 10 mm, and other dimensions are determined by the machine to be incorporated.

(Operation)

Polyimide and polyamide imide that bind graphite have excellent heat resistance per se, but heat dissipation is improved by coexisting in combination with a specific amount of lead and graphite that have relatively excellent friction characteristics. As a result, the synergistic action makes it possible to improve heat resistance, friction characteristics, wear resistance, seizure resistance and the like.

In addition, when lead and graphite coexist in a certain amount or more, the affinity with oil is improved as a synergistic effect, and even under severe conditions such as mixed lubrication and boundary lubrication where there is almost no lubricating oil, a very small amount of Holding oil efficiently,
It is possible to improve the seizure resistance, and if a specific amount is blended with a combination of lead and graphite, the conformability of the sliding material is also improved, and in particular, the presence of lead in the presence of a specific amount of graphite causes the sliding. An effect of effectively smoothing the moving surface is produced, and as a result, low friction and stable friction characteristics can be achieved. Even if smoothed in this way, on the other hand, the lipophilicity is improved, and furthermore, since the smoothing is familiar, the sliding properties can be improved even under severe conditions by the above-described action unique to the present application. Will be.

Among lead, metallic lead, in particular, has good thermal conductivity and, together with its relatively soft nature, achieves the above synergistic effect more effectively.

By the way, when 7% by volume or more of the lead of the present application and 5% by volume or more of graphite are used in combination, there is an effect more than the sum of the cases where they are added alone, and a synergistic effect is recognized.

Then, lead other than metallic lead is converted to metallic lead and
, A synergistic effect is slightly observed. Of course, the use of lead metal has a much higher synergistic effect.

Although the cause is not clear, when observing the structure of the sliding material, lead and graphite are dispersed in the resin, but there are some parts that are adjacent to each other. It is presumed to have contributed. This contact state can be controlled to some extent by the amount, particle size and degree of kneading. And, in the confirmed range, the ratio of those in contact with graphite in the total number of lead particles is 2 to 2.
More preferably, it is 80%. Within this range, there is a slight tendency to increase the contact ratio to some extent. In addition, considering the ease of manufacture, this ratio is 10 to
You can leave it at 30%.

In addition, there is a portion in which a part of lead is fitted near the inner surface of graphite due to kneading, and the presence of the composite particles is one of the factors causing the synergistic action.

It is also conceivable that the combined use with a polyimide or polyamide imide resin contributes to a synergistic effect.

This is because, in the sliding material of the present application, the melting point of lead (decomposition point in the case of a compound) is higher than the heat resistance temperature of this resin, and graphite also has higher heat resistance. And that the lead and graphite with good sliding properties are dispersed and exposed to the resin with poor sliding properties on the surface of the sliding material, and the thermal conductivity is above Since lead and graphite are substantially higher than resin, the thermal conductivity of the sliding material has microscopic magnitudes, and the relatively high thermal conductivity portions are macroscopically and uniformly dispersed. In addition, it is considered that the structure in which this portion is exposed also on the sliding surface results in the manifestation of the synergistic effect as a result.

In any case, the effect of improving the sliding characteristics can be achieved by the above-mentioned action and the like by blending lead and graphite in a specific volume% or more in an appropriate amount% in a polyimide or polyamideimide resin.

On the other hand, polyimide and polyamide imide are themselves excellent in flexibility, and by using such a resin as a binder and binding lead and graphite or an auxiliary component, the load resistance becomes excellent and a high load region is obtained. Use up to now is possible.

Polyimide and polyamide imide are resins with extremely high heat resistance, so they have the property of being strong and do not flow at high temperatures, and are excellent in abrasion resistance among resins, but have high friction properties. It is inferior, therefore, especially when the sliding conditions are severe, microscopic partial wear tends to progress due to local sliding heat on the sliding surface, and low fluidity is a disaster. Deterioration of the sliding surface is likely to occur, which causes the friction coefficient to be unstable, but this is combined with lead and graphite,
When used as a main component, due to the heat dissipation properties of lead and graphite, local sliding heat is transferred to the sliding surface or to a portion of the sliding surface where sliding heat is less generated, and the friction characteristics of lead and graphite are also reduced. A sliding material that has a combined action and achieves a more excellent sliding property with a balance between stable low friction properties and wear resistance is realized.

In more detail, the stabilization of friction and the prevention of abrasion due to heat dissipation by lead and graphite are described below.Lead, graphite and heat dissipation reduce the strength of the added resin at high temperatures and reduce the sliding surface. In addition to preventing local thermal decomposition of the resin, it also effectively draws out the low frictional properties of lead and graphite itself, and suppresses the generation of sliding heat itself in combination with the area of lead and graphite on the sliding surface be able to. As a result, in particular, the progress of wear of the resin component or sub-components (if mixed) can be prevented synergistically, and the components such as lead held by the resin component can be prevented from falling off and the like. Since the holding power of the component resin can be effectively maintained, the heat radiation effect and the like can be maintained. In addition, in the sliding material of the present invention, since the lead and graphite are added in specified amounts or more, a small part of the lead and / or graphite is transferred to the surface of the mating shaft in the initial wear occurring at the beginning of use. Easy to wear.

Moreover, graphite is relatively inferior in transferability, but the lead coexisting in a specified amount or more makes transfer to the partner shaft easy and quick, and this lead itself has high transferability, By acting as a kind of binder, it is possible to prevent the graphite once transferred from falling off again, and to stabilize the transferred substance at an early stage. Once transferred, it acts as a kind of protective film, which can ensure low friction, prevent the subsequent abrasion of the sliding material from progressing, and the transfer substantially progresses. It stops and becomes a steady state. For this reason, stable friction characteristics can be obtained, and the wear resistance can be further improved.
This means that the wear of the mating shaft can be prevented.

The addition of solid lubricants and / or friction modifiers as specific subcomponents achieves excellent performance under boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication conditions.

〔Example〕

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.

Polyimide, polyamideimide, lead (metal lead, powder particle size -200 mesh), graphite (interplanar spacing d ( ₂₀₀ )) were prepared in order to prepare sliding layers having the compositions shown in Tables 1 to 3.
= 3.4 A, maximum particle size 70 µm, powder particle size-200 mesh).

Further, fluorine resin (PTFE, powder size -200 mesh), molybdenum disulfide (MoS _2, -200 mesh), tungsten disulfide (WS _2, -200 mesh), boron nitride (BN, -200 mesh), clay ( Kaolin clay), mullite, silica (amorphous silica, powder particle size-325 mesh) and alumina (powder particle size-325 mesh) Menu) was also prepared in advance.

In addition, as lead, metallic lead, lead oxide, lead fluoride, low silver lead alloy (5S
n-Pb) and copper-lead alloy (1Cu-Pb) also have a powder particle size of -200
A mesh was prepared in advance.

On the other hand, a 140 mm x 1.5 mm ordinary steel plate is used as the backing metal, and bronze powder (containing 10% Sn, +
80, -150 mesh). After degreasing the back metal, bronze powder was placed on the back metal in an amount of 0.05 to 0.1 g per cm ² of the back metal area, and then baked at 830 to 850 ° C. to form a roughened portion. The thickness of the roughened portion was about 150 μm, and the porosity calculated based on the specific gravity of bronze was 40 to 80%.

After thoroughly mixing the sliding layer component with the solvent, the surface roughened portion is impregnated, dried at 100 ° C, and then squeezed in a cold state to solidify the sliding layer component, and finally at 250 ° C. After firing, a sliding layer having a thickness of about 80 μm was formed to obtain a bimetal material sample.

In addition, the same material as the above-mentioned sliding material component was molded and
And a solid material sample having a thickness of 4 mm was prepared.

Using a cylindrical flat plate friction and wear tester, a test shaft made of S55C quenched material rotating the flat surface of the sliding material sample at a peripheral speed of 6 m / sec.
After applying a drop of oil to the surface of the test shaft, the rotation and contact are continued for 60 minutes, and the friction coefficient (sliding distance 1k
It became almost constant above m) and the amount of wear was examined.

 Tables 1 to 3 show the results of the bimetal material.

In the table, PI is polyimide, PAI is polyamideimide, Pb
Is lead, Gr is graphite, PTFE is a kind of fluorine resin, polyethylene tetrafluoride, MoS ₂ is molybdenum disulfide, WS ₂ is tungsten disulfide, and BN is boron nitride. . In addition, in the table, the lead compounded in the sliding material in the present invention is that of metallic lead.

In Comparative Examples 91 and 92, PTFE was added by adding lead and graphite.
This is an example of adding over 30%, in which the sliding surface is partially degraded, has poor wear resistance, and has a high friction coefficient. Comparative Example 93 is an example in which graphite and PTFE and MoS ₂ were added without adding lead, and partial wear that progressed due to sliding heat also occurred. Comparative Examples 94 and 95 are examples in which a phenol resin was used. Since the heat resistance was lower than that of PI or PAI, the wear resistance was considerably inferior due to decomposition of the resin.

On the other hand, the sliding material of the present invention has a good balance between the friction coefficient and the wear resistance. In particular, even under such severe conditions, the sliding surface condition during wear is good,
The coefficient of friction is low and stable.

And, the sliding material of the present invention was superior in seizure resistance as compared with the conventional material.

Further, when the sliding material of the solid material was similarly tested in the present invention, not only the solid material of the comparative material, but also the bimetal material of the comparative material, the wear resistance and the coefficient of friction were excellent in a well-balanced manner. . Then, with respect to the bimetal material having the same composition of the present invention, the coefficient of friction was substantially the same, and the result that the bimetal material of the present invention was slightly superior in abrasion resistance was obtained.

Further, when the sliding material of the present invention containing lead other than metallic lead and a mixed powder thereof is similarly tested, the sliding material of the present invention using metallic lead is superior to the comparative material. Were generally excellent.

〔The invention's effect〕

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the friction coefficient, the seizure resistance, the abrasion resistance, and the friction characteristics are excellent in a good balance, and the sliding material with stable friction characteristics is provided. The sliding material of the present invention, in particular,
It exhibits excellent performance under the boundary lubrication condition or mixed lubrication condition of various bearings and seal members of cooler compressors, missions, turbulator chargers, superchargers, water pumps, engines, etc. and power steering.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI C10N 30:06 40:02 50:08 F16C 33/12 (56) References JP-A-55-123696 (JP, A) JP-A-55-123696 JP-A-60-76537 (JP, A) JP-A-57-74334 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C10M 103/02-103/06

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] (1) A lead in a metal form or a compound form of 7-65.
% Of graphite, d ₍₀₀₂₎
Characterized in that the lead and the graphite are blended in a total amount of 12 to 70% by volume, and the balance of at least one of polyimide and polyamideimide is 30 to 88% by volume. Sliding material used under lubricating conditions. 2. A graphite having a metal or compound form of lead of 7% by volume or more and a d ₍₀₀₂₎ plane spacing of 3.50 ° or less.
At least one solid lubricant of fluororesin / molybdenum disulfide / tungsten disulfide / boron nitride as a secondary component in a total amount of 30 vol% or less (excluding 0), and the lead and the graphite A sliding material used under boundary or mixed lubrication conditions, characterized in that at least one of polyimide and polyamide imide is blended so that the total amount of these components and the subcomponents is 70% by volume or less. 3. A graphite having a metal or compound form of lead of 10% by volume or more and a d ₍₀₀₂₎ plane spacing of 3.50 ° or less.
% Or more, and as a secondary component, at least one kind of friction modifier of clay, mullite, silica and alumina is 15% by volume or less (excluding 0), and the lead, the graphite and the secondary component are A sliding material used under boundary or mixed lubrication conditions, characterized in that it is blended so as to be 70% by volume or less in total and at least one of polyimide and polyamideimide is left as a balance. 4. A graphite having a metal (compound) form lead content of 10% by volume or more and a d ₍₀₀₂₎ plane spacing of 3.50 ° or less.
30% by volume or less (excluding 0) of at least one solid lubricant of fluororesin / molybdenum disulfide / tungsten disulfide / boron nitride as a secondary component, and clay / mullite / silica At least one kind of friction modifier of alumina is added in a total amount of 15% by volume or less (excluding 0), and is blended so that the total of the lead, the graphite, and the subcomponent is 70% by volume or less. , A sliding material used under boundary or mixed lubrication conditions, wherein at least one of polyimide and polyamideimide is used as the balance.