JP2777709B2 - Aquaculture material and its production method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a culture material and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Seaweed such as laver, young cloth and kelp,
The growth of phytoplankton and other organisms that form the basis of the sea food chain requires nutrients and minerals such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon, as do terrestrial trees and grasses. It has been pointed out that it is indispensable for the growth of the plant. Plants have a structure in which nitrogen cannot be taken unless iron is taken into the body first, and there is a close correlation between iron in seawater and biological production. Nevertheless, it has been recognized that iron content tends to be constantly low in seawater, and in sea areas where sea shores are widespread, iron content in seawater is extremely low.

[0003] Sea areas suitable for the cultivation of seaweed, such as laver,
It is mainly an inner bay into which large rivers flow. This is due to the fact that nutrients such as iron, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, etc. are supplied abundantly by rivers and low-salinity seawater. In particular, the role of rivers as a source of iron in the sea is becoming increasingly important as the coast is covered with concrete revetments and rainwater is less likely to flow directly into the sea, but the deforestation of abundant nutrients Also, due to the construction of huge dams and estuaries weirs that stop the water flow, the ability of rivers to supply iron and other nutrients tends to decline. A situation of shrinking occurred.

[0004] In this case, it is conceivable to artificially supply fertilizer as in agricultural production on land to overcome the situation that can be called "sea thinning" instead of "land thinning." Except for possible indoor culture, the supply of nutrients relied exclusively on natural seawater, rather than the current situation of seaweed cultivation, which did not pay much attention to the supply of nutrients in seawater itself. There were no aquaculture methods or materials for aquaculture based on the point of view.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides an artificial supply of nutrients in seawater, thereby improving the productivity of seaweed cultivation and improving water quality in coastal waters. The aim was to obtain aquaculture materials that could be improved.

[0006]

A substrate made of a porous material or a fibrous structure was impregnated with a solution in which a ferrous complex was dissolved. The base material is made of a synthetic fiber mesh to form a net, and the surface of the mesh fiber is roughened by spraying iron powder on the mesh. It is preferable that the material is cut into the surface or between the fibers. Further, the network may be impregnated with a solution containing nutrients effective for growing seaweed or phytoplankton. When producing them, it is preferable to spray iron powder on the net while shifting and folding the net so that the meshes do not match.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the culture material of the present invention is used as a laver net for laver culture. In the figure, the laver net is set vertically and horizontally on a net 1 (base material) in which a net yarn 2 is knitted by a net making machine to form a rhombic mesh, and then the ear cord 3 is sewn. After being worn, it is cut to a predetermined length, and the width rope 4 is sewn to both cut ends. Reference numeral 5 denotes a suspension rope, which is provided at the four corners of the net-like body 1 and in the middle of the ear rope 3 at appropriate intervals, although omitted in the figure.

The raw yarn used for the net yarn 2 can be a synthetic yarn conventionally used for laver nets. For example, the yarn is mainly made of vinylon yarn having good hydrophilicity and water absorption due to its performance requirements.
If necessary, a twisted yarn such as a triple twist or a twin twist obtained by mixing twists of nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like is used. The knitting net system is not particularly limited, and a knotted net or a non-knotted net such as a frog crotch net conventionally used for a laver net can be used.

After the formation of the mesh 1, iron powder is sprayed on the mesh 1. As the iron powder used for spraying, it is preferable to use iron powder having fine particles and a sharp angle. The spraying of the iron powder is performed using, for example, a blasting machine 41 as shown in FIG. Feed the long nori net 1 with feed rollers 42 and 43 and a roller conveyor 44
The iron powder is continuously sprayed from both the upper and lower directions by the nozzles 45 and 46 while being conveyed at a constant speed by, for example, and wound on the bobbin 47.

At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, the mesh body 1 is folded along the longitudinal direction so that the knots 2a of the mesh yarn 2 do not overlap, ie, the meshes are shifted so that the meshes do not overlap. Is preferred. This makes it possible to reduce the spray width and the scale of the processing machine 1 and to minimize the amount of iron powder passing through the mesh body 1 by arranging the folded net yarn 2 in the gap of the mesh. Mounting efficiency can be improved. Although FIG. 5 shows the case of four-folding, the number of times of folding may be other than this.
Can be overlapped by shifting the mesh, or can be folded in both the longitudinal direction and the width direction.

The range of the spraying may be the entire surface of the net 1, may be limited to the central portion of the net 1 except for the peripheral portions along the ear ropes 3 and the rope 4, or may be sprayed. May be performed only on a plurality of small areas distributed independently of each other in the central part of the. Spraying of the iron powder has almost no effect on the strength of the net 1, but it still cannot be denied a relative decrease in the wear resistance of the sprayed part.
The iron rope may not be sprayed on the width rope 4 or the like.

As described above, the reticulated body 1 to which the iron powder has been sprayed has the mesh 2 enlarged to about 10 times, and the enlarged view of the mesh surface observed by a microscope about 40 times. As shown in FIGS. 3 (b) and 3 (a), the synthetic fibers 6a and 6b
The smooth fiber surface of the mesh yarn 2 is roughened to form fine irregularities, and a part of the sprayed iron powder 7 cuts into the fiber surface of the mesh yarn 2 or between the fibers, so that It will be held on the surface and inside of the net yarn 2. By the way, when the yarn 2 sprayed with the iron powder was defibrated, many iron powders were confirmed not only in the surface layer of the yarn 2 but also in the central portion. This indicates that the blast air for spraying the iron powder not only blows off the iron powder at all times but also functions to press the iron powder into the inside of the net yarn 2.

Next, a nutrient solution containing vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes, organic acids, carbohydrates, and the like, which are nutrients effective for the growth of laver, as an active ingredient is added to the reticulated body 1 sprayed with iron powder. Impregnate. This nutrition takes some time for iron ions to elute from the iron powder particles 7 described above,
In other words, the iron powder particles 7 supply slow-acting nutrients (iron) instead of being persistent, whereas they supply fast-acting nutrients at the time of seedling collection.

As the nutrient solution, for example, an aqueous solution obtained by diluting honey containing the above-mentioned nutrients, or a water-soluble (electrolyte) iron component among minerals, particularly, a divalent iron ion which is easily absorbed by a living body is supplied. An aqueous solution in which a ferrous salt such as ferrous sulfate is dissolved is suitable. In the latter case, an antioxidant (to prevent oxidation of iron and stably retain divalent iron ions as a complex) Iron sequestering agent, chelating agent). Aminocarboxylic acid type chelating agents such as EDTA, oxycarboxylic acid type chelating agents such as gluconic acid and heptonic acid,
Among the condensed phosphates and the like, those suitable for chelating ferrous ions can be used. That is, a stable and soluble ferrous ion chelate compound (complex salt) is formed, and the aqueous solution is impregnated into a laver net. The iron ion sequestering agent functions not only as a sequestering agent for iron ions dissolved from the above-mentioned ferrous salt but also as an antioxidant for iron powder sprayed on the laver net. In addition, antioxidants such as gluconic acid and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are also contained in an aqueous solution obtained by diluting honey.

After the nutrient solution is impregnated into the laver net, it is dried and dehydrated, so that the nutrients and iron of honey remain in the laver net. During the impregnation of the above solution, the laver net is very good in absorption of the solution because the surface of the net fiber is roughened and fine irregularities are formed by spraying iron powder as described above, so that it is immersed in the solution as it is. Although the absorption rate can be expected to be about 30% by simply performing impregnation in a vacuum tank using a vacuum impregnator, a high absorption rate (45%) can be obtained in a short time.
Degree of impregnation).

FIG. 6 shows an example of this. In FIG. 6, a vacuum impregnating machine 61 comprises a decompression tank 62, a vacuum pump 63,
Impregnating liquid tank 64 and tubes 65, 66, 67 connecting them
And a valve 68 and the like. Then, in the decompression tank 62, the seaweed net 1 which has been sprayed with iron powder by the above-mentioned blasting machine 41 and then wound up in a roll shape on a bobbin 47 (mesh shape) is set as shown, and the valve 68 is closed. When the vacuum pump 63 is operated in this state and the pressure inside the decompression tank 62 is reduced, and the air inside the laver net 1 is extracted, the valve 68 is opened, and the nutrient solution 69 in the impregnation liquid tank 64 is decompressed. Nori net 1 drawn into roll 62 and rolled up
Penetrates from the inside to the outside and is impregnated. In this way, by winding the seaweed net 1 on the bobbin 47 with the net shifted and folded, the processing from spraying of the iron powder to impregnation of the nutrient solution can be performed efficiently. still,
The impregnating treatment may be performed by inserting the laver net 1 sprayed with iron powder into the decompression tank (62) in a folded state without winding up.

Drying and dehydration are performed at a low temperature (about 30 ° C.) by irradiating far-infrared rays, and by removing 15 to 20% of water, about 25 to 30% of nutrients remain in the laver net. Become.

Next, the action of the laver net of the above embodiment in the laver cultivation process will be described.

When the laver net treated as described above is immersed in an aquarium in which a shell filamentous body is cultured, and seedling is collected on the laver net, the fiber surface of the net yarn 2 is roughened and the surface area is increased. In addition, since the number of spores to be formed has been increased, and since the spores have been sufficiently dried and dehydrated by irradiation with far-infrared rays, the absorption of the culture solution is good and the spore formation rate is greatly improved.

Further, in the process of collecting and raising seedlings, nutrients remaining in the laver net, particularly vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes, organic acids, etc. effective for the growth of laver spores, and iron which elutes as ferrous ion are removed. Germination and increase in spores are promoted by being directly supplied to the spores, and spores that have settled in large quantities at the time of seedling collection can be efficiently and healthyly grown.

Then, in the process of stretching the seaweed net from which the seedlings have been collected to the sea and raising the seedlings, and then laying the seed net after the raising of the seedlings to perform the seaweed cultivation, the reticulated body 1 immersed in the seawater. Iron is gradually eluted as iron ions from the iron powder particles 7 held on the surface and inside of the iron powder, supplied into seawater, and the growth of seaweed is absorbed by the nori in the process of growing, whereby the growth is promoted. Along with the increase in the number of epiphytic spores and the promotion of germination and expansion by the fast-acting nutrients impregnated in the laver net, the productivity of laver can be significantly improved.

Therefore, nutrients necessary for germination and expansion are supplied by the nutrient solution impregnated in the laver net during seedling and raising seedlings, and the iron powder held on the surface of the laver net as described above during the main cultivation. By supplying appropriate nutrients in accordance with the laver growth process in which iron required during laver growth is supplied over a long period of time by iron ions eluted from the particles, the productivity of laver culture can be significantly improved.

In the above embodiment, the case where the aquaculture material is implemented as a laver net has been described. However, in addition to the case where the algae are directly grown on the aquaculture material, the aquaculture material may be extended in the sea area where the algae is cultured. The phytoplankton which is supplied with nutrients in seawater and which is multiplied thereby can be used for aquaculture of fishes and shellfishes that feed on the phytoplankton, and also for improving water quality. In the above embodiment, only the case where the iron powder is sprayed on the net 1 is shown. However, it is of course possible to impregnate the net with the nutrient solution without spraying the iron powder.

Further, a porous material such as ceramic can be used as a base material of the culture material, in addition to a fiber structure such as a laver net. When this ceramic is used as a base material, it is preferable to mix in advance minerals effective for growing seaweed or phytoplankton, and they are molded into an appropriate shape such as a disk shape and fired. Then, they may be connected to each other by a rope or the like and supported in the sea for aquaculture, or seaweed spores may be directly grown on the aquaculture material.

[0026]

As described above, since the culture material of the present invention is obtained by impregnating a porous or fibrous base material with a solution in which a ferrous complex is dissolved, it is particularly effective for growing seaweed. The supply of iron can be promptly performed in the state of divalent iron ions that are easily absorbed by living organisms, and high-quality seaweed with good color and fragrance can be produced.

[0027] In the aquaculture material according to the second aspect, the base material is made of a synthetic fiber by using a mesh to form a net. Since the surface is surfaced and a part of the iron powder is cut into the surface of the net yarn fiber or between the fibers, the surface area of the fiber of the net yarn is increased. In addition to increasing the number of epiphytic spores to
Iron is eluted from the iron powder particles into seawater as iron ions, and the seaweed in the growing process absorbs the seaweed, which promotes its growth, further promoting the above-mentioned effects, and enhances the color and fragrance of high quality. Nori can be produced, and the productivity of nori cultivation can be greatly improved. In addition, since the surface of the mesh fiber is roughened by spraying iron powder, impregnation with a solution containing nutrients such as iron can be performed efficiently.

And, in the material for aquaculture according to claim 3,
Since the reticulated body was impregnated with a solution containing nutrients effective for the growth of seaweed and phytoplankton, the nutrients contained in the culture material were eluted during the seedling raising and spores settled on the culture material and in the vicinity. Is supplied directly into the seawater of
Germination and germination are promoted, and spores adhered in large quantities at the time of seedling collection can be efficiently and healthy grown, and the productivity of seaweed cultivation can be greatly improved.

In the method for producing a culture material according to the fourth aspect, iron powder is sprayed on the net while the net is folded and shifted so that the mesh does not match. In addition to minimizing the amount of iron powder that passes without contacting the mesh, the iron powder can be evenly sprayed over the entire surface of the mesh in a short time, improving the efficiency of iron powder spraying It is advantageous in doing.

As described above, the present invention artificially and systematically supplies iron and other nutrients, which have been exclusively dependent on the natural environment, through a culture material, thereby surrounding rivers, coasts, and other seas. As the environment changes and the “sea thinness” is becoming more important than the “land thinness”, it is particularly important to focus on the direction of seaweed cultivation.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the culture material of the present invention as a laver net for laver culture.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view showing a net yarn.

FIG. 3A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a net yarn, and FIG. 3B is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a net yarn fiber.

FIG. 4 is a schematic side view showing an apparatus for spraying iron powder.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line VV of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view schematically showing a vacuum impregnating machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reticulated body 2 Mesh thread 6a, 6b Mesh fiber 7 Iron powder 41 Blasting machine 61 Vacuum impregnating machine

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An aquaculture material characterized by impregnating a substrate made of a porous body or a fibrous structure with a solution in which a ferrous complex is dissolved. 2. A method in which an iron powder is sprayed on a net formed by using a synthetic fiber net yarn as a base material to roughen the surface of the net yarn fiber and a part of the iron powder. The material for aquaculture according to claim 1, wherein the material is cut into the surface of the mesh fiber or between the fibers. 3. An iron powder is sprayed on a net formed by using a synthetic fiber net yarn to roughen the surface of the net yarn fiber, and a part of the iron powder is used as a net yarn fiber. An aquaculture material characterized by being impregnated with a solution containing nutrients effective for growing seaweed and phytoplankton, while being cut into the surface or between fibers. 4. The method for producing a culture material according to claim 2, wherein the mesh is shifted so that the meshes do not coincide with each other, and the mesh is folded and sprayed with iron powder.