JP2761527B2 - How to build structures - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for constructing a building or civil engineering structure, and more particularly to a method for constructing a structure capable of improving the productivity of construction work.

"Conventional technology and its problems" In the construction work of architectural and civil engineering structures, the degree of productivity improvement is much slower than in other technical fields, and in conjunction with the recent labor shortage phenomenon, Achieving higher productivity in construction work has become a major issue.

One of the factors that hinders the improvement of the productivity of the construction work of a structure is the peculiarity of the work process of the building and civil engineering structure. For example, when building a multi-storey building,
Construction is performed in order from the lowest floor to the top, so that the construction work is always performed on the top floor of the portion where the construction is completed at that time. For this reason, the worker is exposed to a dangerous state during rainfall, strong wind, or the like, or is forced to stop the work, so that the progress of the work greatly depends on the weather.

In addition, temporary materials such as formwork and temporary machines also need to be re-arranged or stacked on the upper floor as the work progresses, requiring a lot of labor and time including final dismantling and removal. In addition, the work itself often involves danger.
Naturally, the materials also need to be transported to the upper floors sequentially as the operation progresses, and the transport operation takes a lot of trouble and time, and the management becomes complicated.

Furthermore, when attempting to mechanize construction work to improve productivity, it is necessary to have a machine that can respond to changes in the work site as described above, but automated machines such as welding robots that are commonly used Has many problems in its application in terms of portability and flexible response to changes in work conditions.
Therefore, in order to promote mechanization, there is no other choice but to use a machine dedicated to each construction site or use a machine that secures versatility by adding advanced functions, and in any case, it is costly and unrealistic .

In recent years, with the aim of solving such issues,
There has been proposed a so-called jack-up construction method in which a structure is constructed from the uppermost portion on the first floor portion and the construction is progressively jacked up and progressed to the lower floor portion. According to this construction method, the construction work of the structure can always be performed at a fixed position, the labor for transporting the equipment and the like can be greatly reduced, and the productivity of the construction work of the structure can be improved. However, due to the jacking up of the structure, the edge between the structure and the ground is cut off during the construction work, and horizontal movement or falling may occur when horizontal force such as seismic force acts. Therefore, practical application is difficult.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of constructing a structure capable of improving productivity of a construction operation and capable of coping with a horizontal force even during the construction operation.

“Means for Solving the Problems” In the present invention, when constructing a structure, after constructing the lowermost portion of the core portion of the structure by a predetermined layer, constructing the uppermost portion of the core portion at the upper portion thereof. At the same time, the uppermost part of the structure except for the core part is constructed on the ground, and it is connected to the uppermost part of the core part. Supporting, then connecting to the lower part of the temporarily supported uppermost part and building the part directly below it on the ground, and sequentially repeating the steps of pushing up these connected building parts collectively and temporarily supporting the structure It is intended to complete the construction of the whole thing.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 to 18 are views showing an embodiment in which the method for constructing a structure of the present invention is applied to a method for constructing a multi-layer building. Hereinafter, description will be made in the order of steps.

(I) Construction of Core Part As shown in FIG. 2, construction of the core part 1 provided at the center of the building is started prior to the other parts of the building.

The construction height of the core part 1 is arbitrary, but if it is about one layer, the support of the skeleton against the horizontal force during construction described later becomes weak. The advantage of the construction method, which is the advantage of this method, is reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to construct about two layers in advance. The lower end of the core 1 is buried in the ground G.

The method of constructing the core part 1 is arbitrary, and as is well known in the art, a reinforcing steel bar is assembled into a rectangular tube, the inside and outside of which are surrounded by a mold, and concrete is poured into the mold to form a reinforced concrete core. The unit 1 may be constructed. In this embodiment,
The core part 1 is constructed using the automatic ascending formwork 2 as shown in FIGS.

The automatic ascending formwork 2 is provided with a temporary support 3 erected in a substantially vertical direction, a formwork 4 movably mounted along the support 3, and an upper portion of the formwork 4. It is roughly constituted by a jack 5 and a bracket 6 disposed on the jack 5 and movable along the column 3.

Further, the formwork portion 4 extends downward from the frame 7 located below the jack 5 and the front and rear portions (left and right in FIG. 8) of the lower portion of the frame 7 and is rotatably supported by the frame 7. A pair of yokes 8, 8, and dam plates 9 provided on opposing surfaces of the yokes 8, 8;
9, a releasing jack 10, 10 protruding toward the opposed yokes 8, 8, and a rod 11 rotatably connected between the releasing jacks 10, 10. .

The jack 5 and the frame 7, the jack 5 and the bracket 6, the bracket 6 and the support 3, and the frame 7 and the support 3 can be connected and fixed by bolts or the like. The distance between the weir plates 9, 9 is set so as to be equal to the wall thickness of the core portion 1 to be constructed in a state where they are arranged in parallel with each other.

The core part 1 is formed using the automatic ascending formwork 2 having the above-described configuration.
Is constructed, the frame 7 is fixed to the column 3 and the bracket 6 is made movable with respect to the column 3, and then the jack 5 is extended to raise only the bracket 6. Is fixed to the support 3 and the frame 7 is movable with respect to the support 3,
Next, by shortening the jack 5, the frame 7, that is, the entire formwork portion 4 is raised, and a gap for concrete casting is formed between the dam plates 9, 9. And these dams 9,
Concrete is cast after the reinforcing bars are arranged between the steel sheets 9, and after the concrete is hardened, the above-described step of raising the form part 4 is performed. By repeating the concrete placing step and the step of raising the form part 4, the lower part is formed. The core part 1 is constructed from above to the upper part. When the construction of the core portion 1 for two layers is completed, the in-core slab 31 is constructed so as to cover the upper end thereof.

Prior to the frame building work described later, jacks (lifting means) 12, 12,... Are also installed on the ground where the pillars of the building are erected, as shown in FIG. These jacks 12,... Are used at the time of a skeleton raising process of a building, which will be described later. When the lowest floor is constructed, it is necessary to have an ability to push up substantially the entire skeleton of the building. However, 10
In the case of a building of about a story, it is sufficient that a load of about 1000 t can be generated, and a well-known hydraulic jack or the like can be suitably applied.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the slab form 23 and the core slab form 32 are supported and installed by the supports 25 and 33, respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 16 to 18, the slab formwork 23 includes a rectangular plate-like deck plate 51 arranged in a plane surrounded by beams 14,. The slab form frame 23 comprises a similarly rectangular plate-like wavy plate 52 which is disposed on
Are supported by the columns 25,... Via the temporary beams 53, 53.

In the present embodiment, since the slab 24 building process is performed later than the column and beam building process described below,
Reference numeral 23 is arranged two layers above the ground. Similarly, the core slab formwork 32 is also spaced upward by the projecting height of the tower of the building (see FIGS. 14 to 15) via the columns 33,.

(Ii) Start of construction of the skeleton Once the core part 1 of about two layers has been constructed in advance, as shown in Fig. 4, construction of the skeleton such as columns and beams from the top of the building along this core part 1 Start working. The building according to the present embodiment employs a structure called a so-called center core structure, and the core unit 1 is located substantially at the center of the building in a plan view. However, it goes without saying that even a single-core structure can be performed according to the present embodiment.

The pillars and beams that constitute the building body of the building can be arbitrarily selected from well-known columns and beams such as steel structures, reinforced concrete structures, and steel-framed reinforced concrete structures. Is said to be steel framed.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, the main reinforcements 15, 15,... Extending in the vertical direction, and the straps 16, wound around the outer periphery of the main reinforcements 15,.
The beam 13 is buried in the inside, while the beam 14 is made of H-section steel. For this reason, a special port member 18 is provided at the port, which is the intersection of the pillar 13 and the beam 14.

As shown in FIG. 10, the connection member 18 has an attachment member 19 formed in a cross shape of an H-shaped steel having the same cross-sectional shape as the beam 14 in a cross shape in a plan view, and the same width as the column 13. And a rectangular end box 20 surrounding the center of the mounting member 19.
And a bottom plate frame 21 for a rectangular plate that covers the upper or lower surface of the end box 20. In the bottom frame 21 for columns, through holes 22 are formed at positions corresponding to the main bars 15,.

Therefore, the beams 14 are joined from all sides of the mounting member 19, and the main reinforcements 15 are inserted and fixed in the through holes 22 of the bottom formwork 21 for columns.
The pillar 13 and the beam 14 are joined by being cast.

When the above-mentioned foundation work is completed, as shown in FIG. 10, the column bottom formwork 21 is placed on the upper surface of the jacks 12,... Installed on the ground, and the connection member is further placed thereon. Place 18 on it. And, on the jack 12, ... the connection member 18, on the ...
Is disposed, the beam 14,
Connect with ...

In addition, in the first construction work,
12, 3 beams 1
4, 14 and the pillar 13 located therebetween are simultaneously constructed. That is, the beam 14 that constitutes the rooftop, and the beams 14 that constitute the top floor and the floor below it. Therefore, the beams 14,... And the connecting members 18,... Are further separated by one or two layers from the jacks 12,. Is arranged. The connecting members 18 may be supported by the columns 25. Also,
A beam (not shown) is annularly provided around the core portion 1 so as to surround the core portion 1.

Then, the connection members 18, 18 arranged in parallel in the vertical direction
The main bars 15, which are cut to be slightly longer than one layer, are disposed therebetween, and the upper and lower portions thereof are fixed to the column bottom formwork 21, 21. Are wound around the outer periphery of the main reinforcements 15, and then the column formwork 26,. At the same time, rebar (not shown) for the slab 24 is disposed on the slab formwork 23,. In this state, concrete for the columns 13 and the slabs 24 is cast, and when the predetermined strength is developed, the column formwork 26,.
Of the mold. As described above, the uppermost portion of the structure excluding the core portion is constructed on the ground. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, for example, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a concrete hole of the pillar 13 is provided with a through hole 28 communicating with the pillar formwork 26,. For example, a method in which the material is cast through the hole 28 is used.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the side wall of the tower 35, which is the uppermost part of the core 1, is also constructed at the same time. Since the above-mentioned automatic ascending formwork is difficult to use for the construction of this tower 35, it is difficult to construct concrete towers, construct a cylindrical reinforcing bar, surround the inside and outside with the form, and then cast concrete. A construction method is adopted. In this case, the space between the tower 35 and the core part 1 that has already been constructed is cut off.

(Iii) Pushing up the skeleton When the pillars 13,.
As shown in the figure, the building body of the building is pushed up by one layer.

First, as shown in FIG. 5, the jacks 12,... Are slightly extended, and then the tower 35 is connected to the frame of the already constructed building.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG.
Is further extended for a predetermined length. Next, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), support members 37,... Are inserted between the beams 14,... And the ground, and further, as shown in FIG.
To the original position, this jack 12, ... and the connection member 18
Insert auxiliary members 38,. Then, the above steps are repeated, and after the state shown in FIG. 5D, the frame is pushed up by one layer as shown in FIG. To the original position
38, remove all ...

Since the slab formwork 23,... Is supported on the ground via the columns 25,..., The formwork is automatically removed as the frame of the building is pushed up.

(Iv) Continuing the construction work After the building frame raising step is completed, as shown in FIG. 6, the column 13, beam 14, and slab 24 construction work corresponding to the immediately lower floor of the already constructed part is performed by the above-described process. I do. And, when the construction work of the columns 13, beams 14, and slabs 24 is completed,
Push up the skeleton using jacks 12, as described above,
Further, these steps are repeated, and the construction work of the building is sequentially continued to the lower floor as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7.

In this way, the skeleton of the building is mainly constructed on the first floor above the ground, and the completed construction is pushed up sequentially. The work floor may be determined on the upper floor.

For example, if the stairs are made of steel, this stair mounting work may be performed on the second floor above the ground. On the other hand, when the step is made of reinforced concrete, it is preferable to dispose only the bottom formwork on the ground as in the case of the above-described slab 24, because the mold is automatically removed during the step of pushing up the frame.

In this way, the slab 24, the outer wall, and the stairs are constructed on the second floor above the ground, the partition walls, windows, electricity, and facility work are performed on the third floor above, and the ceiling, electricity, and facility work are performed on the fourth floor above the ground. If the process of building construction progresses as moving to the upper floor sequentially, such as finishing the floor on the fifth floor, the work on each floor can be performed in parallel, It is efficient. In addition, by fixing the work on each floor, the arrangement of materials and human resources is clarified, and the management thereof becomes easy.

The materials and transport to these floors may be performed by providing a temporary lift in the core unit 1 and sequentially using the temporary lift. In particular, in the present embodiment, the heavy steel frame, the reinforcing bar, and the like may be hung on the ground, and therefore the temporary lift may be small. Furthermore, in the case of construction work of a general building, if the work process on each floor is determined and the work is performed as described above, most work is completed up to about five floors, so that the number of floors on which a temporary lift should be installed is small. I can do it.

By repeating the above steps, the building construction of the building is completed up to the first floor, the temporary equipment such as formwork is removed, and the electricity, equipment, and finishing work described above are completed. The construction of the building 40 as shown in FIGS. 14 to 15 is completed.

As described above, in this embodiment, the skeleton building work of the building 40 is performed on the first floor above the ground, the building is started from the top of the building 40, and the jacks 12,.
The building 40 is sequentially raised to the lower floor by pushing up the building using
Since the construction work is proceeding, each work including the work other than the construction of the skeleton can always be performed at a fixed position. In addition, since the position where each work is performed is fixed at a low position such as the first floor above the ground, there is no need for reworking temporary materials such as formwork or temporary machines, stacking, dismantling and removing, etc. It can greatly contribute to the improvement of work productivity. And since each work can be performed at a fixed position in this way, for example, a welding robot or the like can be permanently installed on the first floor to automate the welding work, and the introduction of an automated machine into each work can be realized. It can be.

In addition, the worker can work at a position close to the ground without climbing to the top floor as in the related art, so that safety can be easily ensured.

Further, in this embodiment, since the work position can be fixed, the material loading process can be made constant throughout the entire construction work of the building 40, and labor and time can be reduced, and management is easy. It will be. In particular, in the present embodiment, since the skeleton building work is performed on the first floor above the ground, it is sufficient to move materials such as steel frames and rebars horizontally from a transport truck, and as in the conventional case, heavy materials such as steel frames. Since it is not necessary to lift the cranes on the upper floor, the work of carrying in the steel frame or the like can be sufficiently performed with a crane of a crane suspension truck.

In addition, in the present embodiment, since the construction is started from the top of the building 40, it is possible to carry out the construction of the rooftop waterproofing work and the construction of the tower, which is troublesome, with a margin.

In this embodiment, the lowermost part of the core part 1 is constructed prior to the construction of the skeleton of the building 40, and even if a horizontal force such as an earthquake force acts during the skeleton construction work or the skeleton building work. The construction under construction is supported by the ground due to the presence of the core portion 1, and there is no fear of the building 40 moving horizontally or overturning, thereby enabling safe construction. In addition, after connecting the tower 35, which is the uppermost part of the core part 1, to the uppermost skeleton around the core part 1, the above-ground part where the construction work is performed is covered by the rooftop of the building. There is also an advantage that work can be performed without being affected.

The details of the method of constructing a structure according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible. As an example, in the above-described embodiment, the columns are made of reinforced concrete and the beams are made of steel. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the beams may be made of reinforced concrete. In this case, it is preferable to provide a bottom formwork of the beam on the first floor above the ground as in the slab 24 and the stairs described above, because the mold is automatically removed by the frame lifting process.

[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, the present invention, when constructing a structure, constructs the lowermost portion of the core portion of the structure by a predetermined layer, and then constructs the lowermost portion of the core portion at the upper portion. While constructing the upper part, the uppermost part except the core part of the structure is constructed on the ground, and it is connected to the uppermost part of the core part, and the connected uppermost parts are collectively lifted by lifting means. The process of connecting to the lower part of the temporarily supported uppermost part and constructing the part immediately below it on the ground, and the step of collectively pushing up these connected construction parts and temporarily supporting them are sequentially performed Since it is a method of completing the construction of the entire structure by repeating, each work including the work other than the construction work of the structure can always be performed at a fixed position.

In addition, because the construction work of the structure is done on the ground,
This eliminates the need for changing and stacking temporary materials such as formwork and temporary machines, laminating, and dismantling, thereby greatly contributing to improved work productivity. Furthermore, because the working position can be fixed,
By permanently installing an automation machine at each work position, the work can be automated. In addition, the worker can work at a position close to the ground without climbing to the top floor as in the related art, so that safety can be easily ensured.

Further, by fixing the working position, the material carrying-in process can be made constant throughout the construction work of the structure, so that the labor and time can be reduced and the management can be easily performed. In particular, in the present invention, since the construction work of the structure is performed on the ground, it is sufficient to horizontally move materials such as steel frames and reinforcing bars from a truck or the like with a crane or the like. Since it is not necessary to lift the cargo to the upper floor, the work of carrying in the material can be sufficiently performed with the crane of the truck with the crane.

In addition, since construction is started from the top of the structure according to the present invention, construction of a troublesome portion such as rooftop waterproofing work can be performed with a margin.

And, in this invention, the lowermost part of the core portion is constructed prior to the construction of the skeleton of the structure, and even when a horizontal force such as an earthquake force acts during the skeleton construction work or the skeleton pushing work,
Due to the presence of the core portion, the skeleton under construction is supported by the ground, and there is no risk of horizontal movement or falling of the structure, and safe construction is possible. In addition, since the construction is started from the top of the structure, the ground portion on which the construction work is performed is covered by the roof of the structure, and there is an advantage that the construction work can be performed without worrying about the weather.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 to 18 are views for explaining a method of constructing a structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state during construction, and FIGS. FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the sequence of steps, FIG. 8 is a front view showing an automatic ascending formwork, FIG. 9 is a plan view of the same, FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a method of arranging a connection member on a jack, FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an arrangement method of a reinforcing bar, FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing an arrangement state of a column formwork, FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a frame raising process, and FIG. FIG. 15 is a front view of the constructed building, FIG. 15 is a plan view of the same, FIGS. 16 to 18 are diagrams showing the slab form taken out, FIG. 16 is a plan view, and FIG. A- in Fig. 16
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A ′, and FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB ′ of FIG. 1 ... core part, 2 ... automatic ascending formwork, 4 ... formwork part, 12
... jack (lifting means), 13 ... pillar, 14 ... beam, 24 ...
... Slab, 35 ... Tower, 40 ... Building.

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Nobuhiro Okuyama 2-16-1, Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tadashi Okano 2-16-1, Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Incorporated company (56) References JP-B-50-27652 (JP, B2)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] When constructing a structure, a lowermost portion of a core portion of the structure is constructed by a predetermined layer, and then an uppermost portion of the core portion is constructed at an upper portion thereof, and a core portion of the structure is constructed. The uppermost part except for the above was constructed on the ground and connected to the uppermost part of the core part, and the connected uppermost parts were collectively pushed upward by a lifting means and temporarily supported, and then temporarily supported. Complete the construction of the entire structure by sequentially repeating the process of connecting to the lower part of the uppermost part and building the part directly under the ground on the ground, and the step of pushing up the connected building parts collectively and temporarily supporting them A method for constructing a structure characterized by the following.