JP2758485B2 - Deformed preform substrates for composites - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced resin structural material, in particular, a thinner edge portion and a lower surface compared to a central portion of a turbine blade, a flopeller or the like of an aircraft or an internal combustion engine. The present invention relates to a deformed reinforcing substrate having a smooth preform shape as a whole.

[Conventional technology]

Various three-dimensional fabrics have been proposed as reinforcing substrates for composite materials.

For example, the yarns are sequentially stacked in the X direction and the Y direction in a parallel state, and the Z direction yarn is inserted in a two-fold form through the stack, and the retaining yarn is inserted into a loop that can be exposed on the stack. The preform base material for composite materials formed by
It is known in Japanese Patent Publication No. Further, a preform base material for a composite material in which a chain stitch is formed by the loop itself and fixed by spelling is known (JP-A-60-28562, JP-A-49-56249).
-14769).

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

Among the above-mentioned known reinforcing base materials, the reinforcing base material formed into a deformed final shape from the beginning does not require machining such as cutting, and therefore has an advantage that there is no reduction in strength due to cutting of the yarn. .

However, the three-dimensional woven fabric has a tendency that the Z-direction yarn comes out to the surface layer and the turn thereof becomes a line to form a continuous ridge. For this reason, only a matrix such as a resin is formed in a groove (a valley of a ridge) on the surface, which causes a crack to occur and causes a decrease in strength. In particular, when high strength and super heat resistance are aimed, this must be prevented as much as possible.

Further, in the conventional three-dimensional fabric, the center portion is made of carbon fiber / resin, carbon fiber / carbon, and inorganic fiber / carbon with a thin edge (8) as shown in FIGS. When forming the blade shape (9) or (10), it was difficult to form the edge (8) thin and sharp.

For example, in the case of a turbine blade or the like, in order to reduce air resistance or the like, it is required that the arc of the edge (8) is 1 mmR or less and the surface is smoothed. There was a problem that such a demand could not be satisfied.

The present inventors have made intensive studies to make the edge of the blade shape thinner and sharper without sacrificing the strength of the reinforcing base material, and to smooth the plane, thereby completing the present invention. .

[Means for solving the problem]

In the present invention, the yarns arranged in parallel in the X direction, the Y direction or a direction oblique to these are sequentially laminated, and the Z-direction yarn is inserted through the laminate in a two-fold form, In a deformed preform base material for a composite material formed by inserting a retaining thread into a loop that can be exposed on the laminate, or forming a chain stitch with the loop itself, and spell-fixing, a thin edge portion of the base material Are formed by XY-direction yarns through which Z-direction yarns do not pass or yarns oblique to these.

Further, in the present invention, the lengths of the loops that can be exposed on the laminate are made different in length, and the short loops and the long loops are individually inserted with retaining yarns respectively, or only the short loops are formed by the loops themselves. Spelled with chain stitch,
An object of the present invention is to provide a deformed preform base material for a composite material, in which a long loop is inserted with a retaining thread and a surface layer is covered with the retaining thread inserted in the long loop.

Further, the present invention provides a modified plastic molding machine characterized in that the insertion direction of the Z-direction yarn is changed, a loop of the Z-direction yarn is exposed on both front and back surfaces, and a retaining yarn is inserted through the loop. It is intended to provide a reform base material.

[Action]

The invention according to claim 1 is that the thin edge portion of the base material is formed by the XY-direction yarn or the yarn obliquely intersecting with the Z-direction yarn without inserting the Z-direction yarn. Eliminates fold points and loops, reduces thickness, and forms sharp edges. Maintains strength with XY-direction yarns or oblique directions. It is.

According to the invention of claim 2, when all the loops of the Z-direction yarn have the same length, they appear in a ridge shape on the laminated body and lack smoothness of the surface, but the lengths of the loops are varied in length. , A short loop and a long loop are individually inserted with a retaining thread, or only a short loop is spelled with a chain stitch formed by the loop itself, and a long loop is inserted with a retaining thread to extend a surface layer. By covering with a retaining thread inserted through the loop, the short loop portion is covered with the long loop portion, and the surface is smoothed.

According to the invention of claim 3, the loop of the Z-direction yarn is exposed on both the front and back surfaces of the laminate, and the retaining yarns are respectively inserted to equalize the smoothness and strength of the front and back surfaces.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged view of an edge portion of a deformed preform substrate showing a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein (1) is a yarn in an X direction, (2) is a yarn in a Y direction, ( 3) shows a yarn guide tube.

The yarn guide tubes (3) are erected and supported in the Z direction via a base plate (not shown), and are arranged in the XY plane at equal intervals in multiple rows and multiple columns. The arrangement of the yarn guide tubes (3) is performed so as to conform to the desired final lamination shape of the reinforcing base material and the arrangement density of the yarns. And the yarns (2) in the Y direction are sequentially stacked and arranged in a parallel state.

In FIG. 1, the yarn (1) in the X direction illustrates a case where the yarn guide tubes (3) are folded back one by one at the end of the reinforcing base material and are arranged in a meandering manner. As shown in FIG.
At the end of the reinforcing base material, the yarn guide tube (3) may be folded over a plurality of yarn guide tubes so as to meander. When the yarn (1) in the X direction is arranged as shown in FIG. 2, the smoothness of the end face of the reinforcing base material is improved.

FIG. 1 illustrates a case where the yarn (2) in the Y direction intersects the yarn (1) in the X direction at an angle of about 45 °, but the crossing angle is 90 °. Or any other angle. The arrangement of the yarns (1) and (2) can be an X-direction, a Y-direction, or a biaxial, triaxial, or multiaxial arrangement in a direction oblique to these directions.

When the X-direction yarn (1) and the Y-direction yarn (2) have been laminated to the final laminated shape, Z is introduced into each yarn guide tube (3).
The directional thread (4) (see FIG. 4) is inserted in a folded form. In this case, the thin edge portion (8) of the reinforcing base material has Z
Do not insert the directional thread (4). To show this, the first
In FIGS. 2 and 3, the yarn guide tube (3) through which the Z-direction yarn (4) does not pass is marked with a black circle to distinguish it from the others.

As described above, the thin edge portion (8) through which the Z-direction thread (4) does not pass is formed by the thread guide tubes (3) and (3) arranged along the edge portion (8). As shown in FIG. 2, the reinforcing yarn (5) can be reinforced by meandering. The reinforcing yarns (5) are arranged about 1 to 3 with respect to the total thickness of the thin edge portion (8) of the reinforcing base material. The reinforcing yarn (5) is a Z-direction yarn (4).
Is arranged to reinforce the portion where is not inserted by minimizing the increase in thickness.
As shown in the drawing, a zigzag shape is entangled between a row of the thread guide tubes (3) indicated by black circles through which the Z-direction thread (4) is not inserted and a row of the thread guide tubes (3) adjacent thereto. Meandering,
The reinforcing yarn (5) is entangled from the edge portion to the Z-direction yarn (4) on the central portion side of the reinforcing base material so as to be retained and retained.

For the same purpose, another spelling thread (6) is sewn on the thin edge portion (8) of the reinforcing base material through which the Z-direction thread (4) is not inserted as shown in FIG. May be inserted. This insertion is performed by using a through hole of the thread guide tube (3) indicated by a black circle.

Also, for the same purpose, the thin edge portion (8) of the reinforcing base material
In the meantime, it is possible to insert a thin Z-direction thread (4) in a folded form, and in this case, a thin retaining thread is attached to a loop that appears on the laminate of the Z-direction thread (4). It may be inserted.

In each of the above embodiments, insertion of the Z-direction thread (4) and
The thread guide tube (3) is pulled out together with the placement of the reinforcing thread (5) or the insertion of another spelling thread (6), and the loop of each Z-direction thread (4) that appears on the surface of the laminated body is prevented from coming off. The thread (7) is inserted.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory perspective view for smoothing the surface of the reinforcing base material of the present invention, and shows a Z-direction yarn (4) that appears on the laminate.
The length of the loop is different between long and short, and the short loop (4a)
And the long loop (4b) separately from the retaining thread (7a)
The groove of the short loop (4a) is filled with the retaining thread (7b) inserted through the long loop (4b), and the surface layer is covered smoothly.

FIG. 5 shows a modification of FIG. 4, in which the direction of insertion of the Z-direction thread (4), which is inserted into the thread guide tube (3) in the form of two folds, is changed, The loops (4c) and (4d) of the Z-direction thread (4) are exposed, and the loops (4c) and (4d)
Threads (7c) and (7d) are inserted into the front and back surfaces to give the same smoothness and strength to both sides. In this case, it is preferable to change the insertion direction of the Z-direction thread (4) alternately or by an appropriate method so that the front and back sides are symmetrical.

The reinforcing base material of the present invention has the above-mentioned structure. In order to form a target deformed reinforcing base material, for example, the blade shape (9) in FIG. 7 (a), the yarn guide tube (3) is planted. Blade shape as base plate for standing up (9)
Using a base plate having an upper surface having a curved surface equivalent to the curved surface of the bottom surface of the above, the yarn guide tubes (3) are set and held on the base plate in an arrangement as shown in FIG. And the yarn (2) in the Y direction are sequentially laminated in a parallel state. In this lamination, the thin edges on both sides (8)
In (8), the folding position of the X-direction yarn (1) and the Y-direction yarn (2) with respect to the yarn guide tube (3) is shifted stepwise toward the center thick portion side. Are laminated in a different shape. In order to reduce the stair-like step and avoid a sudden change in thickness, the surface yarn (shown in FIG. (Omitted) is arranged in a meandering manner.

In this way, the layers are laminated in the target shape, but in the middle, reinforcing yarns (5) are appropriately arranged at the thin edge portions (8) (8) on both sides as shown in FIG. ) Is appropriately inserted as shown in FIG. Then, the Z-direction thread (4) is inserted except for the thin edge portions (8) and (8) on both sides. This insertion is performed as shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, or FIG. The yarn guide tube (3) is sequentially pulled out in the direction in which the loop of the Z-direction yarn (4) is exposed, and each time a retaining yarn (7a) (7b) (7c) (7d) is inserted into each loop. This is repeated to tighten the whole in the Z direction to complete the reinforcing base material. When a long and short loop is formed, the short loop (4a) is chain-stitched (4e) by itself as shown in FIG.
It is also possible to complete the reinforcing base material by forming a loop and stopping it, and inserting a retaining thread into the long loop (4b). Thereafter, the composite material is obtained through a matrix impregnation hardening process.

The shape of the reinforcing base material is not limited to that shown in FIG. 7, but may be applied to other shapes. In addition, the long and short loops shown in FIG. It is also possible to apply.

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to form a deformed reinforcing base material having a thin shape and a sharp edge portion, such as a blade shape, without sacrificing the strength of the reinforcing base material.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the surface of the reinforcing base material is smoothed, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a resin pool which causes cracks, thereby improving the strength of the composite material.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the smoothness of the front and back surfaces of the reinforcing substrate can be made equal, and the front and back surfaces of the composite material can have the same strength.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged plan view of an edge portion of a deformed preform substrate showing a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view of an equivalent portion of the same second embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view of an edge portion showing a third embodiment in which another spelling thread is inserted in place of the above, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a laminate for smoothing the surface of a reinforcing base material of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a similar part showing a modification of FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is a side view of a state in which a loop of Z yarn is spelled in a chain stitch to form a reinforcing base material, and FIG. b) is a perspective view showing an example of a deformed preform base material according to the present invention. (1) Thread in X direction, (2) Thread in Y direction, (3) Thread guide tube, (4) Thread in Z direction, (5) Reinforcing thread, (6) ... different spelling thread, (7a) (7b) (7c) (7d) ... retaining thread, (8) ... thin edge part, (9) (10) ... blade shape.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Shigeru Nishiyama 10 Nagoya-ku, Aichi Prefecture Oe-cho, Minato-ku Nagoya Aerospace System Works (72) Inventor Tetsuro Hirokawa 485 Tagacho, Omihachiman, Shiga Prefecture ―4 (72) Inventor Masayasu Ishibashi 209 Miyauchi-cho, Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method in which yarns arranged in parallel in an X direction, a Y direction or a direction oblique to these are sequentially laminated, and a Z-direction yarn is inserted in a two-fold form through the laminate. In a deformed preform base material for a composite material formed by inserting a retaining yarn into a loop that can be exposed on the laminate, or forming a chain stitch with the loop itself, and spell-fixing, a thin edge of the base material A deformed preform base material for a composite material, wherein the portion is formed of XY-direction yarns through which Z-direction yarns do not pass or yarns oblique to these directions. 2. A method in which yarns arranged in parallel in an X direction, a Y direction or a direction oblique thereto are sequentially laminated, and a Z-direction yarn is inserted in a two-fold form through the laminated body. A deformed preform base material for a composite material formed by inserting a retaining thread into a loop that can be exposed on the laminate, or forming a chain stitch with the loop itself and fastening the composite material; The length of the loop that can be issued is different between long and short,
A short loop and a long loop are individually pierced with a retaining thread, or only a short loop is spelled with a chain stitch formed by the loop itself. A deformed preform base material for a composite material, which is covered with a retaining thread inserted through a loop. 3. A method in which yarns arranged in parallel in the X direction, the Y direction or a direction oblique to these directions are sequentially laminated, and a Z-direction yarn is inserted in a two-fold form through the laminated body. In a deformed preform base material for a composite material formed by inserting a retaining yarn into a loop that can be exposed on a laminate, the insertion direction of the Z-directional yarn is changed, and the Z-directional yarn loop is exposed on both front and back surfaces. A deformed preform base material for a composite material, wherein the base material is drawn out and a retaining thread is inserted through the loop.